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docs/1960s/1965/4kdms/index.md

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+---
+keywords: ["4K DMS", "PDP-8", "PDP-4", 1960s, 1965]
+image: ./4kdms.webp
+description: "! 4K DMS (Disk Monitor System) was an operating system for the DEC PDP-8 computer. We can run it on the SIMH PDP-8 emulator."
+sidebar_position: 2
+---
+
+import DocCardList from '@theme/DocCardList';
+
+# ! 4K DMS
+
+![! 4K DMS](./4kdms.webp)
+
+! 4K DMS (Disk Monitor System) was an operating system for the DEC PDP-8 computer. We can run it on the SIMH PDP-8 emulator.
+
+<DocCardList />
+
+## Manuals
+
+You can download the ! 4K DMS manuals from here:
+
+- [! 4K DMS Manual](http://www.pdp8online.com/pdp8cgi/query_docs/tifftopdf.pl/pdp8docs/dec-08-odsma-a-d.pdf)
+- [! 4K DMS Programmer's Reference Manual](http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/dec/pdp8/software/DEC-D8-SDAB-D_diskMonPgmRef.pdf)
+
+You may also be interested in the PDP-8 manuals. They were the computers on which ! 4K DMS was supposed to run. You can download them from Bitsavers:
+
+- [PDP-8 Manuals](http://bitsavers.org/pdf/dec/pdp8/)
+
+## Related Pages
+
+- [VirtualHub Screenshots](https://screenshots.virtualhub.eu.org/1960s/1965/4kdms/)
+- [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDP-8_4K_Disk_Monitor_System)
+- [Computer History Wiki PDP-8 page](https://gunkies.org/wiki/PDP-8)
+
+## Credits
+
+- The manuals were taken from [www.pdp8online.com](http://www.pdp8online.com/) and [Bitsavers](http://bitsavers.org).

docs/1960s/1965/4kdms/simh/index.md

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+---
+keywords: ["4K DMS", "PDP-8", "PDP-4", SIMH, 1960s, 1965]
+image: ./4K-DMS-SIMH-3.webp
+description: 'We can run ! 4K DMS on the SIMH PDP-8 emulator. First, we need to download the ! 4K DMS kit. You can download the kit needed to run ! 4K DMS on the SIMH PDP-8 emulator from the "SIMH Legacy" website:'
+sidebar_position: 1
+sidebar_label: "! 4K DMS on SIMH"
+---
+
+# How to install ! 4K DMS on SIMH?
+
+![SIMH PDP-8 emulator with ! 4K DMS](./4K-DMS-SIMH-3.webp)
+
+We can run [! 4K DMS](/1960s/1965/4kdms) on the SIMH PDP-8 emulator. First, we need to download the ! 4K DMS kit.
+
+## Downloads
+
+You can download the kit needed to run ! 4K DMS on the SIMH PDP-8 emulator from the ["SIMH Legacy" website](http://simh.trailing-edge.com/):
+
+- [! 4K DMS kit](http://simh.trailing-edge.com/kits/dms8.zip)
+
+## Using ! 4K DMS
+
+:::tip
+
+If you have not already installed SIMH PDP-8 emulator, see [the VirtualHub Setup tutorial on how to do so](https://setup.virtualhub.eu.org/simh-pdp8/) on Linux and Windows.
+
+:::
+
+Extract the kit you downloaded. Inside you will find several files. Create a folder somewhere to store the files for this VM, and move the file named `dms.df32` into it.
+
+Now we will create a config file for our VM. Create a text file called `pdp8.ini` with the following content in the VM folder:
+
+```ini
+set df enabled
+att df dms.df32
+boot -d df
+```
+
+![pdp8.ini](./4K-DMS-SIMH-1.webp)
+
+Now open a terminal and move to the VM folder. Run the following command to start the emulator:
+
+```bash
+pdp8
+```
+
+![pdp8](./4K-DMS-SIMH-2.webp)
+
+After the emulator starts, type `PIP` and press enter. Then press `L`. You will see the following screen:
+
+![.PIP -> *OPT-L](./4K-DMS-SIMH-3.webp)
+
+Type `S:` and press enter. It will list all the files available on the disk.
+
+![List of files in ! 4K DMS](./4K-DMS-SIMH-4.webp)
+
+That's it! We used ! 4K DMS. We can create a shell script to make it easy to launch the VM. Create a file called `4K-DMS.sh` with the following content:
+
+```bash
+#!/bin/bash
+pdp8
+```
+
+Now make the file executable:
+
+```bash
+chmod +x 4K-DMS.sh
+```
+
+Now you can start the VM using the shell script. For example, on KDE you can right-click the file and choose `Run in Konsole` or on GNOME, where you can right-click the file and choose `Run as executable`. The VM will start.
+
+See the [manuals section](/1960s/1965/4kdms/#manuals) on the [main ! 4K DMS page](/1960s/1965/4kdms/) to learn how to use it.
+
+### Windows
+
+:::tip
+
+You should use Linux. If you don’t know how to install a Linux distro, see [our tutorials on how to install Kubuntu](https://setup.virtualhub.eu.org/tag/os/), a beginner-friendly distro.
+
+:::
+
+On Windows, you need to place the `PDP8.exe` file you downloaded in [this tutorial](https://setup.virtualhub.eu.org/simh-pdp8#windows) in the VM folder. Then you can follow the above tutorial as usual. The shell script will not work on Windows. You need to rename it to `4K-DMS.bat`. Then you can double-click the file to launch the VM, no need to make it executable.
+
+## Credits
+
+- The disk image and other files used above are from a kit available on [SimH "Classic" website](http://simh.trailing-edge.com/).
+
+## Video tutorial
+
+Do you want to follow the tutorial by watching a video? Here it is:
+
+<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/j-EA1iLc02Y?si=TYw9Wmd05zw2EDer" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe>
+
+<hr/>
+
+Archives of this tutorial are available on [Wayback Machine](https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://virtualhub.eu.org/1960s/1965/4kdms/simh/).

docs/1960s/1965/decsys/index.md

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+---
+keywords: [DECSys-7, "PDP-7", 1960s, 1965]
+image: ./decsys.webp
+description: "! DECSys-7 was an operating system for the DEC PDP-7 computer. It was DEC's first operating system for a computer smaller than its 36-bit timesharing systems."
+sidebar_position: 1
+---
+
+import DocCardList from '@theme/DocCardList';
+
+# ! DECSys-7
+
+![! DECSys-7](./decsys.webp)
+
+! DECSys-7 was an operating system for the DEC PDP-7 computer. It was DEC's first operating system for a computer smaller than its 36-bit timesharing systems. We can run it on the SIMH PDP-7 emulator.
+
+<DocCardList />
+
+## Manuals
+
+You can download the ! DECSys-7 manual from here:
+
+- [! DECSys-7 Operating Manual (7-5-S)](http://bitsavers.org/pdf/dec/pdp7/DECSYS-7_OperMan.pdf)
+
+You may also be interested in the PDP-7 and PDP-4 manuals. They were the computers on which ! DECSys-7 was supposed to run. You can download them from Bitsavers:
+
+- [PDP-7 Manuals](http://bitsavers.org/pdf/dec/pdp7/)
+- [PDP-4 Manuals](http://bitsavers.org/pdf/dec/pdp4/)
+
+Out of those, these are the ones referenced by the Operating Manual:
+
+- [PDP-7 User's Handbook (F-75)](http://bitsavers.org/pdf/dec/pdp7/F-75_PDP-7userHbk_Jun65.pdf)
+- [PDP-7 Programming Manual, FORTRAN II (7-2-S)](http://bitsavers.org/pdf/dec/pdp7/PDP-7_FortranII.pdf)
+- [PDP-7 Programming Manual, Symbolic Assembler (7-3-S)](http://bitsavers.org/pdf/dec/pdp7/PDP-7_AsmMan.pdf)
+- [PDP-7 Programming Manual, Debugging System (7-4-S)](http://bitsavers.org/pdf/dec/pdp7/PDP-7_DDT_Ref.pdf)
+- [PDP-7 DECTOG Program, PDP-7 Program Library (7-20-10-FB)](http://bitsavers.org/pdf/dec/pdp7/DIGITAL-7-20-IO-FB_DECTOG.pdf)
+
+## Related Pages
+
+- [VirtualHub Screenshots](https://screenshots.virtualhub.eu.org/1960s/1965/decsys/)
+- [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDP-7#Software)
+- [Computer History Wiki PDP-7 page](https://gunkies.org/wiki/PDP-7)
+- [Computer History Wiki PDP-4 page](https://gunkies.org/wiki/PDP-4)
+
+## Credits
+
+- The manuals were taken from [Bitsavers](http://bitsavers.org).

docs/1960s/1965/decsys/simh/index.md

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+---
+keywords: [DECSys-7, "PDP-7", SIMH, 1960s, 1965]
+image: ./DECSys-7-SIMH-3.webp
+description: 'We can run ! DECSys-7 on the SIMH PDP-7 emulator. First, we need to download the ! DECSys-7 kit. You can download the kit needed to run DECSys on the SIMH PDP-7 emulator from the "SIMH Legacy" website:'
+sidebar_position: 1
+sidebar_label: "! DECSys-7 on SIMH"
+---
+
+# How to install ! DECSys-7 on SIMH?
+
+![SIMH PDP-7 emulator with ! DECSys-7](./DECSys-7-SIMH-3.webp)
+
+We can run [! DECSys-7](/1960s/1965/decsys) on the SIMH PDP-7 emulator. First, we need to download the ! DECSys-7 kit.
+
+## Downloads
+
+You can download the kit needed to run ! DECSys-7 on the SIMH PDP-7 emulator from the ["SIMH Legacy" website](http://simh.trailing-edge.com/):
+
+- [! DECSys-7 kit](http://simh.trailing-edge.com/kits/decsys.zip)
+
+## Using ! DECSys-7
+
+:::tip
+
+If you have not already installed SIMH PDP-7 emulator, see [the VirtualHub Setup tutorial on how to do so](https://setup.virtualhub.eu.org/simh-pdp7/) on Linux and Windows.
+
+:::
+
+Extract the kit you downloaded. Inside you will find several files. Create a folder somewhere to store the files for this VM, and move the file named `decsys.dtp` and `decsys.rim` into it.
+
+Now we will create a config file for our VM. Create a text file called `pdp7.ini` with the following content in the VM folder:
+
+```ini
+att dt2 decsys.dtp
+att dt3 scratch.dtp
+load decsys.rim 17640
+run
+```
+
+![pdp7.ini](./DECSys-7-SIMH-1.webp)
+
+Now open a terminal and move to the VM folder. Run the following command to start the emulator:
+
+```bash
+pdp7
+```
+
+![pdp7](./DECSys-7-SIMH-2.webp)
+
+After the emulator starts, type `CONTEN` followed by `!`. All commands in ! DECSys-7 execute when you type `!`. You will see the following screen:
+
+![CONTEN!](./DECSys-7-SIMH-3.webp)
+
+Type `S,L,W` followed by `!`. It will list all the files available on the disk.
+
+![List of files in ! DECSys-7](./DECSys-7-SIMH-4.webp)
+
+That's it! We used ! DECSys-7. We can create a shell script to make it easy to launch the VM. Create a file called `DECSys-7.sh` with the following content:
+
+```bash
+#!/bin/bash
+pdp7
+```
+
+Now make the file executable:
+
+```bash
+chmod +x DECSys-7.sh
+```
+
+Now you can start the VM using the shell script. For example, on KDE you can right-click the file and choose `Run in Konsole` or on GNOME, where you can right-click the file and choose `Run as executable`. The VM will start.
+
+See the [manuals section](/1960s/1965/decsys/#manuals) on the [main ! DECSys-7 page](/1960s/1965/decsys) to learn how to use it.
+
+### Windows
+
+:::tip
+
+You should use Linux. If you don’t know how to install a Linux distro, see [our tutorials on how to install Kubuntu](https://setup.virtualhub.eu.org/tag/os/), a beginner-friendly distro.
+
+:::
+
+On Windows, you need to place the `PDP7.exe` file you downloaded in [this tutorial](https://setup.virtualhub.eu.org/simh-pdp7#windows) in the VM folder. Then you can follow the above tutorial as usual. The shell script will not work on Windows. You need to rename it to `DECSys-7.bat`. Then you can double-click the file to launch the VM, no need to make it executable.
+
+## Credits
+
+- The disk image and other files used above are from a kit available on [SimH "Classic" website](http://simh.trailing-edge.com/).
+
+## Video tutorial
+
+Do you want to follow the tutorial by watching a video? Here it is:
+
+<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/osLz_k75ibE?si=TYw9Wmd05zw2EDer" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe>
+
+<hr/>
+
+Archives of this tutorial are available on [Wayback Machine](https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://virtualhub.eu.org/1960s/1965/decsys/simh/).

docs/1960s/1965/index.md

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+---
+keywords: [1960s, 1965]
+image: ./1965.webp
+description: "There were two operating systems in which we are interested which were released in the year 1965. They were ! DECSys-7 and ! 4K DMS."
+sidebar_position: 2
+---
+
+import DocCardList from '@theme/DocCardList';
+
+# 1965
+
+![! DECSys-7](./1965.webp)
+
+There were two operating systems in which we are interested, which were released in the year 1965. They were ! DECSys-7 and ! 4K DMS.
+
+<DocCardList />

docs/1960s/1968/index.md

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+---
+keywords: [1960s, 1968]
+image: ./1968.webp
+description: "There was one operating system in which we are interested which was released in the year 1968. It was called ! TSS/8."
+sidebar_position: 3
+---
+
+import DocCardList from '@theme/DocCardList';
+
+# 1968
+
+![! TSS/8](./1968.webp)
+
+There was one operating system in which we are interested, which was released in the year 1968. It was called ! TSS/8.
+
+<DocCardList />

docs/1960s/1968/tss8/index.md

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+---
+keywords: ["TSS/8", "PDP-8", 1960s, 1968]
+image: ./tss8.webp
+description: "! TSS/8 was an operating system for the DEC PDP-8 computer. We can run it on the SIMH PDP-8 emulator."
+sidebar_position: 1
+---
+
+import DocCardList from '@theme/DocCardList';
+
+# ! TSS/8
+
+![! TSS/8](./tss8.webp)
+
+! TSS/8 was an operating system for the DEC PDP-8 computer. We can run it on the SIMH PDP-8 emulator.
+
+<DocCardList />
+
+## Manuals
+
+You can download the ! TSS/8 manuals from here:
+
+- [! TSS/8 User's Guide](http://bitsavers.org/pdf/dec/pdp8/tss8/DEC-T8-MRFB-D_UserGde_Feb70.pdf)
+- [! TSS/8 System Manager's Guide](http://bitsavers.org/pdf/dec/pdp8/tss8/TSS8MgrsGuide.pdf)
+- [! TSS/8 Monitor Guide](http://bitsavers.org/pdf/dec/pdp8/tss8/DEC-T8-MRFA-D_Monitor_Sep68.pdf)
+- [! TSS/8 BASIC-8 Programming Manual](http://bitsavers.org/pdf/dec/pdp8/tss8/DEC-T8-KJZA-D-TSS-8_BASIC_8_Programming_Manual_Mar1969.pdf)
+
+You may also be interested in the PDP-8 manuals. They were the computers on which ! TSS/8 was supposed to run. You can download them from Bitsavers:
+
+- [PDP-8 Manuals](http://bitsavers.org/pdf/dec/pdp8/)
+
+## Related Pages
+
+- [VirtualHub Screenshots](https://screenshots.virtualhub.eu.org/1960s/1968/tss8/)
+- [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TSS/8)
+- [Computer History Wiki PDP-8 page](https://gunkies.org/wiki/TSS/8)
+- [Running TSS/8 on the DEC PiDP-8/i and SIMH (Raymii.org)](https://raymii.org/s/articles/Running_TSS_8_on_the_DEC_PiDP-8_i_and_SIMH.html)
+- [Bitsavers](http://bitsavers.trailing-edge.com/pdf/dec/pdp8/tss8/)
+
+## Credits
+
+- The manuals were taken from [Bitsavers](http://bitsavers.org).

docs/1960s/1968/tss8/simh/index.md

@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+---
+keywords: ["TSS/8", "PDP-8", 1960s, 1968]
+image: ./TSS8-B.webp
+description: 'We can run ! TSS/8 on the SIMH PDP-8 emulator. First, we need to download the ! TSS/8 kit. You can download the kit needed to run ! TSS/8 on the SIMH PDP-8 emulator from the "SIMH Legacy" website:'
+sidebar_position: 1
+sidebar_label: "! TSS/8 on SIMH"
+---
+
+# How to install ! TSS/8 on SIMH?
+
+![SIMH PDP-8 emulator with ! TSS/8](./TSS8-B.webp)
+
+We can run [! TSS/8](/1960s/1968/tss8) on the SIMH PDP-8 emulator. First, we need to download the ! TSS/8 kit.
+
+## Downloads
+
+You can download the kit needed to run ! TSS/8 on the SIMH PDP-8 emulator from the ["SIMH Legacy" website](http://simh.trailing-edge.com/):
+
+- [! TSS/8 kit](http://simh.trailing-edge.com/kits/tss8.zip)
+
+## Using ! TSS/8
+
+:::tip
+
+If you have not already installed SIMH PDP-8 emulator, see [the VirtualHub Setup tutorial on how to do so](https://setup.virtualhub.eu.org/simh-pdp8/) on Linux and Windows.
+
+:::
+
+Extract the kit you downloaded. Inside you will find several files. Create a folder somewhere to store the files for this VM and move the files named `tss8_init.bin` and `tss8_rf.dsk` into it.
+
+Now we will create a config file for our VM. Create a text file called `pdp8.ini` with the following content in the VM folder:
+
+```ini
+load tss8_init.bin
+set rf enabled
+set df disabled
+attach rf tss8_rf.dsk
+attach ttix 4000
+run 24200
+```
+
+![pdp8.ini](./TSS8-1.webp)
+
+Now open a terminal and move to the VM folder. Run the following command to start the emulator:
+
+```bash
+pdp8
+```
+
+![pdp8](./TSS8-2.webp)
+
+After the emulator starts, type `START` and press enter. When asked, enter the date in `MM-DD-YY` format. Year should be between 74 and 85. Then enter time in `HH:MM` 24-hour format.
+
+Press enter until you get a `.` prompt. Then type the following:
+
+```bash
+LOGIN 2 LXHE
+```
+
+There will be no output on screen as you type this, but it is being typed. Press enter after you are done. Here, 2 is the username and `LXHE` is the password. There are other users too. You can learn about them from Manuals and site listed below. Finally, you will get to this screen:
+
+![Login Successful](./TSS8-3.webp)
+
+Type `R CAT` and press enter. It will list all the files available on the disk.
+
+![List of files in ! TSS/8](./TSS8-4.webp)
+
+That's it! We used ! TSS/8. We can create a shell script to make it easy to launch the VM. Create a file called `TSS8.sh` with the following content:
+
+```bash
+#!/bin/bash
+pdp8
+```
+
+Now make the file executable:
+
+```bash
+chmod +x TSS8.sh
+```
+
+Now you can start the VM using the shell script. For example, on KDE you can right-click the file and choose `Run in Konsole` or on GNOME, where you can right-click the file and choose `Run as executable`. The VM will start.
+
+See the [manuals section](/1960s/1968/tss8/#manuals) on the [main ! TSS/8 page](/1960s/1968/tss8/) and [this website](https://raymii.org/s/articles/Running_TSS_8_on_the_DEC_PiDP-8_i_and_SIMH.html) to learn how to use it.
+
+### Windows
+
+:::tip
+
+You should use Linux. If you don’t know how to install a Linux distro, see [our tutorials on how to install Kubuntu](https://setup.virtualhub.eu.org/tag/os/), a beginner-friendly distro.
+
+:::
+
+On Windows, you need to place the `PDP8.exe` file you downloaded in [this tutorial](https://setup.virtualhub.eu.org/simh-pdp8#windows) in the VM folder. Then you can follow the above tutorial as usual. The shell script will not work on Windows. You need to rename it to `TSS8.bat`. Then you can double-click the file to launch the VM, no need to make it executable.
+
+## Credits
+
+- The disk image and other files used above are from a kit available on [SimH "Classic" website](http://simh.trailing-edge.com/).
+
+## Video tutorial
+
+Do you want to follow the tutorial by watching a video? Here it is:
+
+<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/yzhpLOdqkJ8?si=TYw9Wmd05zw2EDer" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe>
+
+<hr/>
+
+Archives of this tutorial may be available on [Wayback Machine](https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://virtualhub.eu.org/1960s/1968/tss8/simh/).

docs/1960s/index.md

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+---
+keywords: [1960s]
+image: ./1960s.webp
+sidebar_label: Introduction
+sidebar_position: 1
+description: "The 1960s were mainly the years of mainframes and minicomputers. In this section, we cover the operating systems for minicomputers only."
+---
+
+import pdp7ImageUrl from './1960s.webp';
+
+# 1960s
+
+<div className='text--center'>
+<figure>
+<img width="512" height="384" src={pdp7ImageUrl} alt="PDP-7" style={{borderRadius: '15%'}}/>
+<figcaption>PDP-7 <sup><a href="#footnote1" id="1">1</a></sup></figcaption>
+</figure>
+</div>
+
+The 1960s were mainly the years of mainframes and minicomputers. In this section, we cover the operating systems for minicomputers only. Mainframe operating systems are covered in [this blog post](/blog/mainframe-operating-system-of-1960s/). It contains links to external sites with instructions on how to install those operating systems in emulators.
+
+<div className='container'>
+  <div className="row">
+    <div className="col text--center padding-horiz--md padding-vert--md">
+      <a href="/1960s/1965" className="button button--primary">1965</a>
+    </div>
+    <div className="col text--center padding-horiz--md padding-vert--md">
+      <a href="/1960s/1968" className="button button--primary">1968</a>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<hr/>
+
+<sup><a href="#1" id="footnote1">1</a></sup> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pdp7-oslo-2005.jpeg">en:User:Toresbe</a>, <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/sa/1.0/">CC SA 1.0</a>, via Wikimedia Commons