mirror of
https://github.com/silverstripe/silverstripe-framework
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304 lines
9.6 KiB
Markdown
304 lines
9.6 KiB
Markdown
# Forms
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## Introduction
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Form is the base class of all forms in a SilverStripe application. Forms in your application can be created either by
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instantiating the Form class itself, or by subclassing it.
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## Instantiating a form
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Creating a form is a matter of defining a method to represent that form. This method should return a form object. The
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constructor takes the following arguments:
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* `$controller`: This must be the controller that contains the form.
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* `$name`: This must be the name of the method on that controller that is called to return the form. The first two
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fields allow the form object to be re-created after submission. **It's vital that they are properly set - if you ever
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have problems with form action handler not working, check that these values are correct.**
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* `$fields`: A `[api:FieldList]` containing `[api:FormField]` instances make up fields in the form.
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* `$actions`: A `[api:FieldList]` containing the `[api:FormAction]` objects - the buttons at the bottom.
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* `$validator`: An optional `[api:Validator]` for more information.
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Example:
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:::php
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public function MyCustomForm() {
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$fields = new FieldList(
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new EmailField("Email"),
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new EncryptField("Password")
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);
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$actions = new FieldList(new FormAction("login", "Log in"));
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return new Form($this, "MyCustomForm", $fields, $actions);
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}
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## Subclassing a form
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It's the responsibility of your subclass' constructor to call
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:::php
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parent::__construct()
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with the right parameters. You may choose to take $fields and $actions as arguments if you wish, but $controller and
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$name must be passed - their values depend on where the form is instantiated.
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:::php
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class MyForm extends Form {
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public function __construct($controller, $name) {
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$fields = new FieldList(
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new EmailField("Email"),
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new EncryptedField("Password")
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);
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$actions = new FieldList(new FormAction("login", "Log in"));
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parent::__construct($controller, $name, $fields, $actions);
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}
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}
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The real difference, however, is that you can then define your controller methods within the form class itself.
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## Form Field Types
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There are many classes extending `[api:FormField]`. Some examples:
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* `[api:TextField]`
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* `[api:EmailField]`
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* `[api:NumericField]`
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* `[api:DateField]`
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* `[api:CheckboxField]`
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* `[api:DropdownField]`
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* `[api:OptionsetField]`
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* `[api:CheckboxSetField]`
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Full overview at [form-field-types](/reference/form-field-types)
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### Using Form Fields
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To get these fields automatically rendered into a form element, all you need to do is create a new instance of the
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class, and add it to the fieldlist of the form.
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:::php
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$form = new Form(
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$controller = $this,
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$name = "SignupForm",
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$fields = new FieldList(
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new TextField(
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$name = "FirstName",
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$title = "First name"
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),
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new TextField("Surname"),
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new EmailField("Email", "Email address"),
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),
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$actions = new FieldList(
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// List the action buttons here
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new FormAction("signup", "Sign up")
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),
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$requiredFields = new RequiredFields(
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// List the required fields here: "Email", "FirstName"
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)
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);
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You'll note some of the fields are optional.
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Implementing the more complex fields requires extra arguments.
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:::php
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$form = new Form(
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$controller = $this,
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$name = "SignupForm",
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$fields = new FieldList(
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// List the your fields here
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new TextField(
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$name = "FirstName",
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$title = "First name"
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),
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new TextField("Surname"),
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new EmailField("Email", "Email address")
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new DropdownField(
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$name = "Country",
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$title = "Country (if outside nz)",
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$source = Geoip::getCountryDropDown(),
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$value = Geoip::visitor_country()
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)
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), new FieldList(
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// List the action buttons here
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new FormAction("signup", "Sign up")
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), new RequiredFields(
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// List the required fields here: "Email", "FirstName"
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)
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);
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## Readonly
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Readonly on a Form
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:::php
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$myForm->makeReadonly();
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Readonly on a FieldList
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:::php
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$myFieldSet->makeReadonly();
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Readonly on a FormField
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:::php
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$myReadonlyField = $myField->transform(new ReadonlyTransformation());
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// shortcut
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$myReadonlyField = $myField->performReadonlyTransformation();
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## Custom form templates
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You can use a custom form template to render with, instead of *Form.ss*
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It's recommended you only do this if you've got a lot of presentation text, graphics that surround the form fields. This
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is better than defining those as *LiteralField* objects, as it doesn't clutter the data layer with presentation junk.
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First of all, you need to create your form on it's own class, that way you can define a custom template using a `forTemplate()` method on your Form class.
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:::php
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class MyForm extends Form {
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public function __construct($controller, $name) {
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$fields = new FieldList(
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new TextField('FirstName', 'First name'),
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new EmailField('Email', 'Email address')
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);
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$actions = new FieldList(
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new FormAction('submit', 'Submit')
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);
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parent::__construct($controller, $name, $fields, $actions);
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}
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public function forTemplate() {
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return $this->renderWith(array(
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$this->class,
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'Form'
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));
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}
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public function submit($data, $form) {
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// do stuff here
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}
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}
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`forTemplate()` tells the `[api:Form]` class to render with a template of return value of `$this->class`, which in this case
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is *MyForm*, the name of the class. If the template doesn't exist, then it falls back to using Form.ss.
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*MyForm.ss* should then be placed into your *templates/Includes* directory for your project. Here is an example of
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basic customisation:
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:::ss
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<form $FormAttributes>
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<% if Message %>
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<p id="{$FormName}_error" class="message $MessageType">$Message</p>
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<% else %>
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<p id="{$FormName}_error" class="message $MessageType" style="display: none"></p>
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<% end_if %>
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<fieldset>
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<div id="FirstName" class="field text">
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<label class="left" for="{$FormName}_FirstName">First name</label>
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$dataFieldByName(FirstName)
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</div>
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<div id="Email" class="field email">
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<label class="left" for="{$FormName}_Email">Email</label>
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$dataFieldByName(Email)
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</div>
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$dataFieldByName(SecurityID)
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</fieldset>
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<% if Actions %>
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<div class="Actions">
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<% control Actions %>$Field<% end_control %>
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</div>
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<% end_if %>
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</form>
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`$dataFieldByName(FirstName)` will return the form control contents of `Field()` for the particular field object, in
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this case `TextField->Field()` or `EmailField->Field()` which returns an `<input>` element with specific markup
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for the type of field. Pass in the name of the field as the first parameter, as done above, to render it into the
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template.
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To find more methods, have a look at the `[api:Form]` class, as there is a lot of different methods of customising the form
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templates, for example, you could use `<% control Fields %>` instead of specifying each field manually, as we've done
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above.
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### Custom form field templates
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The easiest way to customize form fields is adding CSS classes and additional attributes.
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:::php
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$field = new TextField('MyText');
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$field->addExtraClass('largeText');
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$field->setAttribute('data-validation-regex', '[\d]*');
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// Field() renders as:
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// <input type="text" class="largeText" id="Form_Form_TextField" name="TextField" data-validation-regex="[\d]*">
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Each form field is rendered into a form via the `[FieldHolder()](api:FormField->FieldHolder())` method,
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which includes a container `<div>` as well as a `<label>` element (if applicable).
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You can also render each field without these structural elements through the `[Field()](api:FormField->Field())` method.
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In order to influence the form rendering, overloading these two methods is a good start.
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In addition, most form fields are rendered through SilverStripe templates, e.g. `TextareaField` is rendered via `framework/templates/forms/TextareaField.ss`.
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These templates can be overwritten globally by placing a template with the same name in your `mysite` directory,
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or set on a form field instance via `[setTemplate()](api:FormField->setTemplate())` and `[setFieldHolderTemplate()](api:FormField->setFieldHolderTemplate())`.
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### Securing forms against Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
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SilverStripe tries to protect users against *Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)* by adding a hidden *SecurityID*
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parameter to each form. See [secure-development](/topics/security) for details.
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### Remove existing fields
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If you want to remove certain fields from your subclass:
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:::php
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class MyCustomForm extends MyForm {
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public function __construct($controller, $name) {
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parent::__construct($controller, $name);
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// remove a normal field
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$this->fields->removeByName('MyFieldName');
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// remove a field from a tab
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$this->fields->removeFieldFromTab('TabName', 'MyFieldName');
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}
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}
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### Working with tabs
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Adds a new text field called FavouriteColour next to the Content field in the CMS
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:::php
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$fields->addFieldToTab('Root.Content', new TextField('FavouriteColour'), 'Content');
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## Related
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* [Form Field Types](/reference/form-field-types)
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* [MultiForm Module](http://silverstripe.org/multi-form-module)
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## API Documentation
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* `[api:Form]`
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* `[api:FormField]`
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* `[api:FieldList]`
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* `[api:FormAction]`
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