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https://github.com/silverstripe/silverstripe-framework
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367 lines
14 KiB
Markdown
367 lines
14 KiB
Markdown
title: Versioning
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summary: Add versioning to your database content through the Versioned extension.
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# Versioning
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Database content in SilverStripe can be "staged" before its publication, as well as track all changes through the
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lifetime of a database record.
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It is most commonly applied to pages in the CMS (the `SiteTree` class). Draft content edited in the CMS can be different
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from published content shown to your website visitors.
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Versioning in SilverStripe is handled through the [api:Versioned] class. As a [api:DataExtension] it is possible to
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be applied to any [api:DataObject] subclass. The extension class will automatically update read and write operations
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done via the ORM via the `augmentSQL` database hook.
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Adding Versioned to your `DataObject` subclass works the same as any other extension. It has one of two behaviours,
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which can be applied via the constructor argument.
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By default, adding the `Versioned extension will create a "Stage" and "Live" stage on your model, and will
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also track versioned history.
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:::php
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class MyStagedModel extends DataObject {
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private staic $extensions = [
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"Versioned"
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];
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}
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Alternatively, staging can be disabled, so that only versioned changes are tracked for your model. This
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can be specified by setting the constructor argument to "Versioned"
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:::php
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class VersionedModel extends DataObject {
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private staic $extensions = [
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"Versioned('Versioned')"
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];
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}
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<div class="notice" markdown="1">
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The extension is automatically applied to `SiteTree` class. For more information on extensions see
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[Extending](../extending) and the [Configuration](../configuration) documentation.
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</div>
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<div class="warning" markdown="1">
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Versioning only works if you are adding the extension to the base class. That is, the first subclass
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of `DataObject`. Adding this extension to children of the base class will have unpredictable behaviour.
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</div>
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## Database Structure
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Depending on whether staging is enabled, one or more new tables will be created for your records. `<class>_versions`
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is always created to track historic versions for your model. If staging is enabled this will also create a new
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`<class>_Live` table once you've rebuilt the database.
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<div class="notice" markdown="1">
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Note that the "Stage" naming has a special meaning here, it will leave the original table name unchanged, rather than
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adding a suffix.
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</div>
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* `MyRecord` table: Contains staged data
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* `MyRecord_Live` table: Contains live data
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* `MyRecord_versions` table: Contains a version history (new record created on each save)
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Similarly, any subclass you create on top of a versioned base will trigger the creation of additional tables, which are
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automatically joined as required:
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* `MyRecordSubclass` table: Contains only staged data for subclass columns
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* `MyRecordSubclass_Live` table: Contains only live data for subclass columns
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* `MyRecordSubclass_versions` table: Contains only version history for subclass columns
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## Usage
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### Reading Versions
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By default, all records are retrieved from the "Draft" stage (so the `MyRecord` table in our example). You can
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explicitly request a certain stage through various getters on the `Versioned` class.
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:::php
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// Fetching multiple records
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$stageRecords = Versioned::get_by_stage('MyRecord', 'Stage');
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$liveRecords = Versioned::get_by_stage('MyRecord', 'Live');
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// Fetching a single record
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$stageRecord = Versioned::get_by_stage('MyRecord', 'Stage')->byID(99);
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$liveRecord = Versioned::get_by_stage('MyRecord', 'Live')->byID(99);
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### Historical Versions
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The above commands will just retrieve the latest version of its respective stage for you, but not older versions stored
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in the `<class>_versions` tables.
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:::php
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$historicalRecord = Versioned::get_version('MyRecord', <record-id>, <version-id>);
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<div class="alert" markdown="1">
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The record is retrieved as a `DataObject`, but saving back modifications via `write()` will create a new version,
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rather than modifying the existing one.
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</div>
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In order to get a list of all versions for a specific record, we need to generate specialized [api:Versioned_Version]
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objects, which expose the same database information as a `DataObject`, but also include information about when and how
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a record was published.
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:::php
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$record = MyRecord::get()->byID(99); // stage doesn't matter here
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$versions = $record->allVersions();
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echo $versions->First()->Version; // instance of Versioned_Version
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### Writing Versions and Changing Stages
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The usual call to `DataObject->write()` will write to whatever stage is currently active, as defined by the
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`Versioned::current_stage()` global setting. Each call will automatically create a new version in the
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`<class>_versions` table. To avoid this, use [api:Versioned::writeWithoutVersion()] instead.
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To move a saved version from one stage to another, call [writeToStage(<stage>)](api:Versioned->writeToStage()) on the
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object. The process of moving a version to a different stage is also called "publishing". This can be
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done via one of several ways:
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* `copyVersionToStage` which will allow you to specify a source (which could be either a version
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number, or a stage), as well as a destination stage.
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* `publishSingle` Publishes this record to live from the draft.
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* `publishRecursive` Publishes this record, and any dependant objects this record may refer to.
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See "DataObject ownership" for reference on dependant objects.
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:::php
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$record = Versioned::get_by_stage('MyRecord', 'Stage')->byID(99);
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$record->MyField = 'changed';
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// will update `MyRecord` table (assuming Versioned::current_stage() == 'Stage'),
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// and write a row to `MyRecord_versions`.
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$record->write();
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// will copy the saved record information to the `MyRecord_Live` table
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$record->publishRecursive();
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Similarly, an "unpublish" operation does the reverse, and removes a record from a specific stage.
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:::php
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$record = MyRecord::get()->byID(99); // stage doesn't matter here
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// will remove the row from the `MyRecord_Live` table
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$record->deleteFromStage('Live');
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### Forcing the Current Stage
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The current stage is stored as global state on the object. It is usually modified by controllers, e.g. when a preview
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is initialized. But it can also be set and reset temporarily to force a specific operation to run on a certain stage.
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:::php
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$origMode = Versioned::get_reading_mode(); // save current mode
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$obj = MyRecord::getComplexObjectRetrieval(); // returns 'Live' records
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Versioned::set_reading_mode('Stage'); // temporarily overwrite mode
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$obj = MyRecord::getComplexObjectRetrieval(); // returns 'Stage' records
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Versioned::set_reading_mode($origMode); // reset current mode
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### DataObject ownership
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Typically when publishing versioned dataobjects, it is necessary to ensure that some linked components
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are published along with it. Unless this is done, site front-end content can appear incorrectly published.
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For instance, a page which has a list of rotating banners will require that those banners are published
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whenever that page is.
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The solution to this problem is the ownership API, which declares a two-way relationship between
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objects along database relations. This relationship is similar to many_many/belongs_many_many
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and has_one/has_many, however it relies on a pre-existing relationship to function.
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For instance, in order to specify this dependency, you must apply `owns` on the owner to point to any
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owned relationships.
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When pages of type `MyPage` are published, any owned images and banners will be automatically published,
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without requiring any custom code.
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:::php
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class MyPage extends Page {
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private static $has_many = array(
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'Banners' => 'Banner'
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);
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private static $owns = array(
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'Banners'
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);
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}
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class Banner extends Page {
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private static $extensions = array(
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'Versioned'
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);
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private static $has_one = array(
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'Parent' => 'MyPage',
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'Image' => 'Image',
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);
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private static $owns = array(
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'Image'
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);
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}
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Note that ownership cannot be used with polymorphic relations. E.g. has_one to non-type specific `DataObject`.
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#### DataObject ownership with custom relations
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In some cases you might need to apply ownership where there is no underlying db relation, such as
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those calculated at runtime based on business logic. In cases where you are not backing ownership
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with standard relations (has_one, has_many, etc) it is necessary to declare ownership on both
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sides of the relation.
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This can be done by creating methods on both sides of your relation (e.g. parent and child class)
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that can be used to traverse between each, and then by ensuring you configure both
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`owns` config (on the parent) and `owned_by` (on the child).
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E.g.
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:::php
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class MyParent extends DataObject {
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private static $extensions = array(
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'Versioned'
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);
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private static $owns = array(
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'ChildObjects'
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);
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public function ChildObjects() {
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return MyChild::get();
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}
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}
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class MyChild extends DataObject {
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private static $extensions = array(
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'Versioned'
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);
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private static $owned_by = array(
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'Parent'
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);
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public function Parent() {
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return MyParent::get()->first();
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}
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}
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#### DataObject Ownership in HTML Content
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If you are using `[api:HTMLText]` or `[api:HTMLVarchar]` fields in your `DataObject::$db` definitions,
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it's likely that your authors can insert images into those fields via the CMS interface.
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These images are usually considered to be owned by the `DataObject`, and should be published alongside it.
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The ownership relationship is tracked through an `[image]` [shortcode](/developer-guides/extending/shortcodes),
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which is automatically transformed into an `<img>` tag at render time. In addition to storing the image path,
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the shortcode references the database identifier of the `Image` object.
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### Custom SQL
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We generally discourage writing `Versioned` queries from scratch, due to the complexities involved through joining
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multiple tables across an inherited table scheme (see [api:Versioned::augmentSQL()]). If possible, try to stick to
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smaller modifications of the generated `DataList` objects.
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Example: Get the first 10 live records, filtered by creation date:
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:::php
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$records = Versioned::get_by_stage('MyRecord', 'Live')->limit(10)->sort('Created', 'ASC');
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### Permissions
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By default, `Versioned` will come out of the box with security extensions which restrict
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the visibility of objects in Draft (stage) or Archive viewing mode.
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<div class="alert" markdown="1">
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As is standard practice, user code should always invoke `canView()` on any object before
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rendering it. DataLists do not filter on `canView()` automatically, so this must be
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done via user code. This be be achieved either by wrapping `<% if $canView %>` in
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your template, or by implementing your visibility check in PHP.
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</div>
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Versioned object visibility can be customised in one of the following ways by editing your user code:
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* Override the `canViewVersioned` method in your code. Make sure that this returns true or
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false if the user is not allowed to view this object in the current viewing mode.
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* Override the `canView` method to override the method visibility completely.
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E.g.
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:::php
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class MyObject extends DataObject {
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private static $extensions = array(
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'Versioned'
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);
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public function canViewVersioned($member = null) {
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// Check if site is live
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$mode = $this->getSourceQueryParam("Versioned.mode");
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$stage = $this->getSourceQueryParam("Versioned.stage");
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if ($mode === 'Stage' && $stage === 'Live') {
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return true;
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}
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// Only admins can view non-live objects
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return Permission::checkMember($member, 'ADMIN');
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}
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}
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If you want to control permissions of an object in an extension, you can also use
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one of the below extension points in your `DataExtension` subclass:
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* `canView` to update the visibility of the object's `canView`
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* `canViewNonLive` to update the visibility of this object only in non-live mode.
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Note that unlike canViewVersioned, the canViewNonLive method will
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only be invoked if the object is in a non-published state.
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E.g.
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:::php
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class MyObjectExtension extends DataExtension {
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public function canViewNonLive($member = null) {
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return Permission::check($member, 'DRAFT_STATUS');
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}
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}
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If none of the above checks are overridden, visibility will be determined by the
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permissions in the `TargetObject.non_live_permissions` config.
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E.g.
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:::php
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class MyObject extends DataObject {
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private static $extensions = array(
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'Versioned'
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);
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private static $non_live_permissions = array('ADMIN');
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}
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Versioned applies no additional permissions to `canEdit` or `canCreate`, and such
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these permissions should be implemented as per standard unversioned DataObjects.
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### Page Specific Operations
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Since the `Versioned` extension is primarily used for page objects, the underlying `SiteTree` class has some additional
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helpers.
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### Templates Variables
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In templates, you don't need to worry about this distinction. The `$Content` variable contain the published content by
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default, and only preview draft content if explicitly requested (e.g. by the "preview" feature in the CMS, or by adding ?stage=Stage to the URL). If you want
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to force a specific stage, we recommend the `Controller->init()` method for this purpose, for example:
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**mysite/code/MyController.php**
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:::php
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public function init() {
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parent::init();
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Versioned::set_reading_mode('Stage.Stage');
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}
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### Controllers
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The current stage for each request is determined by `VersionedRequestFilter` before any controllers initialize, through
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`Versioned::choose_site_stage()`. It checks for a `Stage` GET parameter, so you can force a draft stage by appending
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`?stage=Stage` to your request. The setting is "sticky" in the PHP session, so any subsequent requests will also be in
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draft stage.
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<div class="alert" markdown="1">
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The `choose_site_stage()` call only deals with setting the default stage, and doesn't check if the user is
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authenticated to view it. As with any other controller logic, please use `DataObject->canView()` to determine
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permissions, and avoid exposing unpublished content to your users.
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</div>
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## API Documentation
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* [api:Versioned]
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