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775 lines
23 KiB
Markdown
775 lines
23 KiB
Markdown
# Tutorial 5 - Dataobject Relationship Management
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## Overview
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In the [second tutorial](2-extending-a-basic-site) we have learned how to add extrafields to a page type thanks
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to the *$db* array and how to add an image using the *$has_one* array and so create a relationship between a table and
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the *Image* table by storing the id of the respective *Image* in the first table. This tutorial explores all this
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relations between [DataObjects](/topics/datamodel#relations) and the way to manage them easily.
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<div class="notice" markdown='1'>
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I'm using the default tutorial theme in the following examples so the templates may vary or you may need to change
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the template code in this example to fit your theme
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</div>
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## What are we working towards?
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To simulate these relations between objects, we are going to simulate the management via the CMS of the **[Google Summer
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Of Code 2007](http://www.silverstripe.com/google-summer-of-code-2007-we-are-in/)** that SilverStripe was part of.
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To do this, we are gonna use the following objects :
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* Project : Project on SilverStripe system for the GSOC
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* Student : Student involved in the project
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* Mentor : SilverStripe developer
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* Module : Module used for the project
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This is a table which sums up the relations between them :
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| Project | Student | Mentor | Modules |
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| ------- | ------- | ------ | ------------------
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| i18n Multi-Language | Bernat Foj Capell | Ingo Schommer | Cms, Sapphire, i18n, Translation |
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| Image Manipulation | Mateusz Ujma | Sam Minnee | Cms, Sapphire, ImageManipulation |
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| Google Maps | Ofir Picazo Navarro | Hayden Smith | Cms, Sapphire, Maps |
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| Mashups | Lakshan Perera | Matt Peel | Cms, Sapphire, MashUps |
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| Multiple Databases | Philipp Krenn | Brian Calhoun | Cms, Sapphire, MultipleDatabases |
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| Reporting | Quin Hoxie | Sam Minnee | Cms, Sapphire, Reporting |
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| Security & OpenID | Markus Lanthaler | Hayden Smith | Cms, Sapphire, auth_openid |
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| SEO | Will Scott | Brian Calhoun | Cms, Sapphire, googleadwords, googleanalytics |
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| Usability | Elijah Lofgren | Sean Harvey | Cms, Sapphire, UsabilityElijah |
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| Safari 3 Support | Meg Risen | Sean Harvey | Cms, Sapphire, UsabilityMeg |
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## GSOC Projects
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Before starting the relations management, we need to create a *ProjectsHolder* class where we will save the GSOC Project
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pages.
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*tutorial/code/ProjectsHolder.php*
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:::php
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<?php
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class ProjectsHolder extends Page {
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static $allowed_children = array( 'Project' );
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}
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class ProjectsHolder_Controller extends Page_Controller {
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}
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## Project - Student relation
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**A project can only be done by one student.**
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**A student has only one project.**
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This relation is called a **1-to-1** relation.
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The first step is to create the student and project objects.
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*tutorial/code/Student.php*
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:::php
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<?php
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class Student extends DataObject {
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static $db = array(
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'FirstName' => 'Text',
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'Lastname' => 'Text',
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'Nationality' => 'Text'
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);
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function getCMSFields_forPopup() {
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$fields = new FieldSet();
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$fields->push( new TextField( 'FirstName', 'First Name' ) );
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$fields->push( new TextField( 'Lastname' ) );
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$fields->push( new TextField( 'Nationality' ) );
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return $fields;
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}
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}
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*tutorial/code/Project.php*
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:::php
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<?php
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class Project extends Page {
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static $has_one = array(
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'MyStudent' => 'Student'
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);
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}
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class Project_Controller extends Page_Controller {}
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This code will create a relationship between the *Project* table and the *Student* table by storing the id of the
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respective *Student* in the *Project* table.
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The second step is to add the table in the method *getCMSFields* which will allow you to manage the *has_one* relation.
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:::php
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class Project extends Page {
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...
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function getCMSFields() {
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$fields = parent::getCMSFields();
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$tablefield = new HasOneComplexTableField(
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$this,
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'MyStudent',
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'Student',
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array(
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'FirstName' => 'First Name',
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'Lastname' => 'Family Name',
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'Nationality' => 'Nationality'
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),
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'getCMSFields_forPopup'
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);
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$tablefield->setParentClass('Project');
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$fields->addFieldToTab( 'Root.Student', $tablefield );
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return $fields;
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}
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}
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Let’s walk through the parameters of the *HasOneComplexTableField* constructor.
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1. **$this** : The first object concerned by the relation
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2. **'MyStudent'** : The name of the second object of the relation
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3. **'Student'** : The type of the second object of the relation
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4. **array(...)** : The fields of the second object which will be in the table
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5. **'getCMSFields_forPopup'** : The method which will be called to add, edit or only show a second object
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You can also directly replace the last parameter by this code :
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:::php
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new FieldSet(
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new TextField( 'FirstName', 'First Name' ),
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new TextField( 'Lastname' ),
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new TextField( 'Nationality' )
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);
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<div class="tip" markdown='1'>
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Don't forget to rebuild the database using *dev/build?flush=1* before you
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proceed to the next part of this tutorial.
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</div>
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Now that we have created our *Project* page type and *Student* data object, let’s add some content.
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Go into the CMS and create one *Project* page for each project listed [above](#what-are-we-working-towards) under a
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*ProjectsHolder* page named **GSOC Projects** for instance.
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As you can see in the tab panel *Student*, the adding functionality is titled *Add Student*. However, if you want to
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modify this title, you have to add this code in the *getCMSFields* method of the *Project* class :
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:::php
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$tablefield->setAddTitle( 'A Student' );
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Select now one of the *Project* page that you have created, go in the tab panel *Student* and add all the students
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listed [above](#what-are-we-working-towards) by clicking on the link **Add A Student** of your
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*HasOneComplexTableField* table.
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After having added all the students, you will see that, in the tab panel *Student* of all the *Project* pages, the
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*HasOneComplexTableField* tables have the same content.
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For each *Project* page, you can now affect **one and only one** student to it ( see the
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[list](#What_are_we_working_towards?) ).
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You will also notice, that you have the possibility to **unselect** a student which will make your *Project* page
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without any student affected to it.
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**At the moment, the *HasOneComplexTableField* table doesn't manage totally the *1-to-1* relation because you can easily
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select the same student for two ( or more ) differents *Project* pages which corresponds to a *1-to-many* relation.**
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To use your *HasOneComplexTableField* table for a **1-to-1** relation, make this modification in the class *Project* :
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:::php
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class Project extends Page {
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...
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function getCMSFields() {
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...
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$tablefield->setParentClass('Project');
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$tablefield->setOneToOne();
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$fields->addFieldToTab( 'Root.Content.Student', $tablefield );
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return $fields;
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}
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}
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Now, you will notice that by checking a student in a *Project* page, you will be unable to select him again in any other
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*Project* page which is the definition of a **1-to-1** relation.
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## Student - Mentor relation
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**A student has one mentor.**
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**A mentor has several students.**
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This relation is called a **1-to-many** relation.
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The first step is to create the mentor object and set the relation with the *Student* data object.
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*tutorial/code/Mentor.php*
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:::php
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<?php
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class Mentor extends Page {
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static $db = array(
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'FirstName' => 'Text',
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'Lastname' => 'Text',
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'Nationality' => 'Text'
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);
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static $has_many = array(
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'Students' => 'Student'
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);
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function getCMSFields() {
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$fields = parent::getCMSFields();
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$fields->addFieldToTab( 'Root.Content', new TextField( 'FirstName' ) );
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$fields->addFieldToTab( 'Root.Content', new TextField( 'Lastname' ) );
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$fields->addFieldToTab( 'Root.Content', new TextField( 'Nationality' ) );
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return $fields;
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}
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}
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class Mentor_Controller extends Page_Controller {}
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*tutorial/code/Student.php*
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:::php
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class Student extends DataObject {
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...
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static $has_one = array(
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'MyMentor' => 'Mentor'
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);
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}
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This code will create a relationship between the *Student* table and the *Mentor* table by storing the id of the
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respective *Mentor* in the *Student* table.
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The second step is to add the table in the method *getCMSFields* which will allow you to manage the *has_many* relation.
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*tutorial/code/Mentor.php*
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:::php
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class Mentor extends Page {
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...
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function getCMSFields() {
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$fields = parent::getCMSFields();
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...
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$tablefield = new HasManyComplexTableField(
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$this,
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'Students',
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'Student',
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array(
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'FirstName' => 'FirstName',
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'Lastname' => 'Family Name',
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'Nationality' => 'Nationality'
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),
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'getCMSFields_forPopup'
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);
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$tablefield->setAddTitle( 'A Student' );
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$fields->addFieldToTab( 'Root.Students', $tablefield );
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return $fields;
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}
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}
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class Mentor_Controller extends Page_Controller {}
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To know more about the parameters of the *HasManyComplexTableField* constructor, [check](#project_-_student_relation)
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those of the *HasOneComplexTableField* constructor.
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<div class="tip" markdown='1'>
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Don't forget to rebuild the database using *dev/build?flush=1* before you
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proceed to the next part of this tutorial.
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</div>
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Now that we have created our *Mentor* page type, go into the CMS and create one *Mentor* page for each mentor listed
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[above](#what-are-we-working-towards) under a simple *Page* named
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**Mentors** for instance.
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For each *Mentor* page, you can now affect **many** students created previously ( see the
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[list](#What_are_we_working_towards?) ) by going in the tab panel *Students*.
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You will also notice, that by checking a student in a *Mentor* page, you will be unable to select him again in any other
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*Mentor* page which is the definition of a **1-to-many** relation.
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As the *HasOneComplexTableField* table, you also have the possibility not to select any student which will make your
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*Mentor* page without any student affected to it.
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## Project - Module relation
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**A project uses several modules.**
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**A module is used by several projects.**
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This relation is called a **many-to-many** relation.
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The first step is to create the module object and set the relation with the *Project* page type.
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*tutorial/code/Module.php*
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:::php
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<?php
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class Module extends DataObject {
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static $db = array(
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'Name' => 'Text'
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);
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static $belongs_many_many = array(
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'Projects' => 'Project'
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);
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function getCMSFields_forPopup() {
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$fields = new FieldSet();
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$fields->push( new TextField( 'Name' ) );
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return $fields;
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}
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}
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*tutorial/code/Project.php*
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:::php
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class Project extends Page {
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...
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static $many_many = array(
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'Modules' => 'Module'
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);
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}
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This code will create a relationship between the *Project* table and the *Module* table by storing the ids of the
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respective *Project* and *Module* in a another table named **Project_Modules**.
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The second step is to add the table in the method *getCMSFields* which will allow you to manage the *many_many*
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relation.
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:::php
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class Project extends Page {
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...
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function getCMSFields() {
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$fields = parent::getCMSFields();
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...
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$modulesTablefield = new ManyManyComplexTableField(
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$this,
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'Modules',
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'Module',
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array(
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'Name' => 'Name'
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),
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'getCMSFields_forPopup'
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);
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$modulesTablefield->setAddTitle( 'A Module' );
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$fields->addFieldToTab( 'Root.Modules', $modulesTablefield );
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return $fields;
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}
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}
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To know more about the parameters of the *ManyManyComplexTableField* constructor,
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[check](#project_-_student_relation) those of the *HasOneComplexTableField*
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constructor.
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<div class="tip" markdown='1'>
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Don't forget to rebuild the database using *dev/build?flush=1* before you
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proceed to the next part of this tutorial.
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</div>
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Select now one of the *Project* page, go in the tab panel *Modules* and add all the modules listed
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[above](#what-are-we-working-towards) by clicking on the link **Add A
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Module** of your *ManyManyComplexTableField* table.
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For each *Project* page, you can now affect **many** modules created previously ( see the
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[list](#What_are_we_working_towards?) ) by going in the tab panel
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*Modules*.
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You will also notice, that you are able to select several times a *Module* on different *Project* pages which is the
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definition of a **many-to-many** relation.
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As the *HasOneComplexTableField* and *HasManyComplexTableField* table, you also have the possibility not to select any
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module which will make your *Project* page without any module affected to it.
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## Displaying the data on your website
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Now that we have created all the *Page* and *DataObject* classes necessary and the relational tables to
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manage the [relations](../topics/datamodel#relations) between them, we would like to see these relations on the website.
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We will see in this section how to display all these relations but also how to create a template for a *DataObject*.
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For every kind of *Page* or *DataObject*, you can access to their relations thanks to the **control** loop.
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**1. GSOC Projects**
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Let's start with the *ProjectsHolder* page created before. For this template, we are will display the same table than
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[above](#what-are-we-working-towards).
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*tutorial/templates/Layout/ProjectsHolder.ss*
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:::ss
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<% include Menu2 %>
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<div id="Content" class="typography">
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<% if Level(2) %>
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<% include BreadCrumbs %>
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<% end_if %>
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$Content
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<table>
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<thead>
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<tr>
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<th>Project</th>
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<th>Student</th>
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<th>Mentor</th>
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<th>Modules</th>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<% control Children %>
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<tr>
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<td>$Title</td>
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<td>
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<% if MyStudent %>
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<% control MyStudent %>
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$FirstName $Lastname
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<% end_control %>
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<% else %>
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No Student
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<% end_if %>
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</td>
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<td>
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<% if MyStudent %>
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<% control MyStudent %>
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<% if MyMentor %>
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<% control MyMentor %>
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$FirstName $Lastname
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<% end_control %>
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<% else %>
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No Mentor
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<% end_if %>
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<% end_control %>
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<% else %>
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No Mentor
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<% end_if %>
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</td>
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<td>
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<% if Modules %>
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<% control Modules %>
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$Name
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<% end_control %>
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<% else %>
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No Modules
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<% end_if %>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<% end_control %>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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$Form
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</div>
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<div class="notice" markdown='1'>
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If you are using the blackcandy template: You might want to move the `<% include Sidebar %>`
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(tutorial/templates/Includes/SideBar.ss) include in the *tutorial/templates/Layout/Page.ss* template above
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the typography div to get rid of the bullets
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</div>
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**2. Project**
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We know now how to easily access and show [relations](../topics/datamodel#relations) between *DataObject* in a template.
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We can now do the same for every *Project* page by creating its own template.
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*tutorial/templates/Layout/Project.ss*
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:::ss
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<% include Menu2 %>
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<div id="Content" class="typography">
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<% if Level(2) %>
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<% include BreadCrumbs %>
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<% end_if %>
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$Content
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<% if MyStudent %>
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<% control MyStudent %>
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<p>First Name: <strong>$FirstName</strong></p>
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<p>Lastname: <strong>$Lastname</strong></p>
|
||
<p>Nationality: <strong>$Nationality</strong></p>
|
||
|
||
<h3>Mentor</h3>
|
||
|
||
<% if MyMentor %>
|
||
<% control MyMentor %>
|
||
<p>First Name: <strong>$FirstName</strong></p>
|
||
<p>Lastname: <strong>$Lastname</strong></p>
|
||
<p>Nationality: <strong>$Nationality</strong></p>
|
||
<% end_control %>
|
||
<% else %>
|
||
<p>This student doesn't have any mentor.</p>
|
||
<% end_if %>
|
||
<% end_control %>
|
||
<% else %>
|
||
<p>There is no any student working on this project.</p>
|
||
<% end_if %>
|
||
|
||
<h3>Modules</h3>
|
||
|
||
<% if Modules %>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<% control Modules %>
|
||
<li>$Name</li>
|
||
<% end_control %>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<% else %>
|
||
<p>This project has not used any modules.</p>
|
||
<% end_if %>
|
||
|
||
$Form
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
What we would like now is to create a special template for the *DataObject* *Student* and the *Page* *Mentor* which will
|
||
be used when we will call directly the variable in the *Project* template. In our case, we will use the same template
|
||
because these two classes have the same fields ( FirstName, Surname and Nationality ).
|
||
|
||
*tutorial/templates/Includes/GSOCPerson.ss*
|
||
|
||
:::ss
|
||
<p>First Name: <strong>$FirstName</strong></p>
|
||
<p>Lastname: <strong>$Lastname</strong></p>
|
||
<p>Nationality: <strong>$Nationality</strong></p>
|
||
|
||
|
||
Now the template is created, we need to establish the link between the *Student* and *Mentor* classes with their common
|
||
template.
|
||
|
||
To do so, add this code in the two classes. This will create a control on each of those objects which can be called
|
||
from templates either within a control block or dot notation.
|
||
|
||
*tutorial/code/Student.php, tutorial/code/Mentor.php*
|
||
|
||
:::php
|
||
function PersonalInfo() {
|
||
$template = 'GSOCPerson';
|
||
return $this->renderWith( $template );
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
|
||
We can now modify the *Project.ss* template.
|
||
|
||
:::ss
|
||
|
||
...
|
||
|
||
<% if MyStudent %>
|
||
$MyStudent.PersonalInfo
|
||
|
||
<h3>Mentor</h3>
|
||
|
||
<% control MyStudent %>
|
||
<% if MyMentor %>
|
||
$MyMentor.PersonalInfo
|
||
<% else %>
|
||
<p>This student doesn't have any mentor.</p>
|
||
<% end_if %>
|
||
<% end_control %>
|
||
<% else %>
|
||
<p>There is no any student working on this project.</p>
|
||
<% end_if %>
|
||
|
||
...
|
||
|
||
<div class="notice" markdown='1'>
|
||
Remember to add `?flush=1` to the url when refreshing the project page or otherwise you will get a template error
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
In the *Project* template, it has been really easy to display the **1-to-1** relation with a *Student* object just by
|
||
calling the variable **$MyStudent**. This has been made possible thanks to the code below present in the *Project*
|
||
class.
|
||
|
||
:::php
|
||
static $has_one = array(
|
||
'MyStudent' => 'Student'
|
||
);
|
||
|
||
|
||
However, in the *Student* class, there is no any code relating to the **1-to-1** relation with a *Project* *Page*. So
|
||
how to access it from a *Student* *DataObject* ?
|
||
|
||
**3. Mentor**
|
||
|
||
In this template, we are gonna try to access the *Project* details from a *Student* *DataObject*.
|
||
|
||
What we want to do is to access to the *Project* page in the same way than we have done for the other relations
|
||
**without modifying the relations between *Page* and *DataObject* and the database structure**.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
To do so, we have to create a function in the *Student* class which will return the *Project* linked with it. Let's call
|
||
it *MyProject* for instance.
|
||
|
||
:::php
|
||
class Student extends DataObject {
|
||
|
||
...
|
||
|
||
function MyProject() {
|
||
return DataObject::get( 'Project', "`MyStudentID` = '{$this->ID}'" );
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
|
||
We can now use this value in the same way that we have used the other relations.
|
||
That's how we can use this function in the *Mentor* template.
|
||
|
||
*tutorial/templates/Layout/Mentor.ss*
|
||
|
||
:::ss
|
||
<% include Menu2 %>
|
||
|
||
<div id="Content" class="typography">
|
||
<% include Breadcrumbs %>
|
||
$Content
|
||
|
||
<h3>Personal Details</h3>
|
||
|
||
<p>First Name: <strong>$FirstName</strong></p>
|
||
<p>Lastname: <strong>$Lastname</strong></p>
|
||
<p>Nationality: <strong>$Nationality</strong></p>
|
||
|
||
<h3>Students</h3>
|
||
|
||
<% if Students %>
|
||
<table>
|
||
<thead>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th>Student</th>
|
||
<th>Project</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</thead>
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<% control Students %>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>$FirstName $Lastname</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<% if MyProject %>
|
||
<% control MyProject %>
|
||
$Title
|
||
<% end_control %>
|
||
<% else %>
|
||
No Project
|
||
<% end_if %>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<% end_control %>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<% else %>
|
||
<p>There is no any student working with this mentor.</p>
|
||
<% end_if %>
|
||
|
||
$Form
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
## Summary
|
||
|
||
This tutorial has demonstrated how easy it is to manage all the type of relations between *DataObject* objects in the
|
||
CMS and how to display them on the website.
|
||
|
||
|
||
## Download the code
|
||
|
||
Download all the [code](http://doc.silverstripe.org/src/github/master/sapphire/docs/en/tutorials/_images/tutorial5-completecode.zip) for this tutorial.
|
||
|
||
You can also download the [code](http://doc.silverstripe.org/src/github/master/sapphire/docs/en/tutorials/_images/tutorial5-completecode-blackcandy.zip) for use in the blackcandy template. |