mirror of
https://github.com/silverstripe/silverstripe-framework
synced 2024-09-08 18:51:12 +02:00
124 lines
4.9 KiB
Markdown
124 lines
4.9 KiB
Markdown
# Templates
|
||
|
||
## Introduction
|
||
|
||
SilverStripe templates consist of HTML code augmented with special control codes, described below. Because of this, you
|
||
can have as much control of your site's HTML code as you like.
|
||
|
||
Because the SilverStripe templating language is a string processing language it can therefore be used to make other
|
||
text-based data formats, such as XML or RTF.
|
||
|
||
Here is a very simple template:
|
||
|
||
:::ss
|
||
<html>
|
||
<head>
|
||
<% base_tag %>
|
||
<title>$Title</title>
|
||
$MetaTags
|
||
</head>
|
||
<body>
|
||
<div id="Container">
|
||
<div id="Header">
|
||
<h1>Bob's Chicken Shack</h1>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="Navigation">
|
||
<% if Menu(1) %>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<% control Menu(1) %>
|
||
<li><a href="$Link" title="Go to the $Title page" class="$LinkingMode">$MenuTitle</a></li>
|
||
<% end_control %>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<% end_if %>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="typography">
|
||
$Layout
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="Footer">
|
||
<p>Copyright $Now.Year</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</body>
|
||
</html>
|
||
<%-- comment --%>
|
||
|
||
## Default Template Syntax
|
||
|
||
These tags appear on the default template and should be included in every theme:
|
||
|
||
### Base Tag
|
||
|
||
The `<% base_tag %>` placeholder is replaced with the HTML base element. Relative links within a document (such as `<img
|
||
src="someimage.jpg" />`) will become relative to the URI specified in the base tag. This ensures the browser knows where
|
||
to locate your site’s images and css files. So it is a must for templates!
|
||
|
||
It renders in the template as `<base href="http://www.mydomain.com" />`
|
||
|
||
### Meta Tags
|
||
|
||
The `$MetaTags` placeholder in a template returns a segment of HTML appropriate for putting into the `<head>` tag. It
|
||
will set up title, keywords and description meta-tags, based on the CMS content and is editable in the 'Meta-data' tab
|
||
on a per-page basis. If you don’t want to include the title-tag `<title>` (for custom templating), use
|
||
`$MetaTags(false)`.
|
||
|
||
By default `$MetaTags` renders:
|
||
|
||
:::ss
|
||
<title>Title of the Page</title>
|
||
<meta name="generator" http-equiv="generator" content="SilverStripe 2.0" >
|
||
<meta http-equiv="Content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" >
|
||
|
||
TODO Explain SiteTree properties and SiteTree->MetaTags() overloading
|
||
|
||
### Including CSS and JavaScript files
|
||
|
||
See [CSS](/topics/css) and [Javascript](/topics/javascript) topics for individual including of files and
|
||
[requirements](reference/requirements) for good examples of including both Javascript and CSS files.
|
||
|
||
### Layout Tag
|
||
|
||
In every SilverStripe theme there is a default `Page.ss` file in the `/templates` folder. `$Layout` appears in this file
|
||
and is a core variable which includes a Layout template inside the `/templates/Layout` folder once the page is rendered.
|
||
By default the `/templates/Layout/Page.ss` file is included in the html template.
|
||
|
||
### .typography style
|
||
|
||
By default, SilverStripe includes the `theme/css/typography.css` file into the Content area. So you should always include the
|
||
typography style around the main body of the site so both styles appear in the CMS and on the template. Where the main body of
|
||
the site is can vary, but usually it is included in the /Layout files. These files are included into the main Page.ss template
|
||
by using the `$Layout` variable so it makes sense to add the .typography style around $Layout.
|
||
|
||
:::ss
|
||
<div class="typography">
|
||
$Layout
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
## Designing reusable templates
|
||
|
||
Although SilverStripe is ultimately flexible in how you create your templates, there's a couple of best practices. These
|
||
will help you to design templates for modules, and make it easier for other site developers to integrate them into their
|
||
own base templates.
|
||
|
||
* Most of your templates should be Layout templates
|
||
* Build your templates as a [Theme](/topics/themes) so you can easily re-use and exchange them
|
||
* Your layout template should include a standard markup structure (`<div id="Layout">$Layout</div>`)
|
||
* Layout templates only include content that could be completely replaced by another module (e.g. a forum thread). It
|
||
might be infeasible to do this 100%, but remember that every piece of navigation that needs to appear inside `$Layout`
|
||
will mean that you have to customise templates when integrating the module.
|
||
* Any CSS applied to layout templates should be flexible width. This means the surrounding root template can set its
|
||
width independently.
|
||
* Don't include any navigation elements in your Layout templates, they should be contained in the root template.
|
||
* Break down your templates into groups of includes. Site integrators would then have the power to override individual
|
||
includes, rather than entire templates.
|
||
|
||
For more information about templates go to the [Advanced Templates](/reference/advanced-templates) page.
|
||
|
||
|
||
## Related
|
||
* [Advanced Templates](/reference/advanced-templates)
|
||
* [Typography](/reference/typography)
|
||
* [themes](/topics/themes)
|
||
* [widgets](/topics/widgets)
|
||
* [images](/reference/image)
|
||
* [Tutorial 1: Building a basic site](/tutorials/1-building-a-basic-site)
|
||
* [Tutorial 2: Extending a basic site](/tutorials/2-extending-a-basic-site) |