86 lines
3.7 KiB
Markdown
86 lines
3.7 KiB
Markdown
### Compiling
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The Ast (abstract syntax tree) is created by [salama-reader](https://github.com/salama/salama-reader)
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gem and the classes defined there
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The code in this directory compiles the AST to the virtual machine code, and Parfait object structure.
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If this were an interpreter, we would just walk the tree and do what it says.
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Since it's not things are a little more difficult, especially in time.
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When compiling we deal with two times, compile-time and run-time.
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All the headache comes from mixing those two up.*
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Similarly, the result of compiling is two-fold: a static and a dynamic part.
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- the static part are objects like the constants, but also defined classes and their methods
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- the dynamic part is the code, which is stored as streams of instructions in the CompiledMethod
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Too make things a little simpler, we create a very high level instruction stream at first and then
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run transformation and optimization passes on the stream to improve it.
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Each ast class gets a compile method that does the compilation.
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#### Compiled Method and Instructions
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The first argument to the compile method is the CompiledMethod.
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All code is encoded as a stream of Instructions in the CompiledMethod.
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Instructions are stored as a list of Blocks, and Blocks are the smallest unit of code,
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which is always linear.
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Code is added to the method (using add_code), rather than working with the actual instructions.
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This is so each compiling method can just do it's bit and be unaware of the larger structure
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that is being created.
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The genearal structure of the instructions is a graph
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(with if's and whiles and breaks and what), but we build it to have one start and *one* end (return).
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#### Messages and frames
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Since the machine is virtual, we have to define it, and since it is oo we define it in objects.
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Also it is important to define how instructions operate, which is is in a physical machine would
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be by changing the contents of registers or some stack.
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Our machine is not a register machine, but an object machine: it operates directly on objects and
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also has no separate stack, only objects. There are a number of objects which are accessible,
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and one can think of these (their addresses) as register contents.
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(And one wouldn't be far off as that is the implementation.)
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The objects the machine works on are:
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- Message
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- Frame
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- Self
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- NewMessage
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and working on means, these are the only objects which the machine accesses.
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Ie all others would have to be moved first.
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When a Method needs to make a call, or send a Message, it creates a NewMessage object.
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Messages contain return addresses and arguments.
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Then the machine must find the method to call.
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This is a function of the virtual machine and is implemented in ruby.
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Then a new Method receives the Message, creates a Frame for local and temporary variables
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and continues execution.
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The important thing here is that Messages and Frames are normal objects.
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And interestingly we can partly use ruby to find the method, so in a way it is not just a top
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down transformation. Instead the sending goes back up and then down again.
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The Message object is the second parameter to the compile method, the run-time part as it were.
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Why? Since it only exists at runtime: to make compile time analysis possible
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(it is after all the Virtual version, not Parfait. ie compile-time, not run-time).
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Especially for those times when we can resolve the method at compile time.
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*
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As ruby is a dynamic language, it also compiles at run-time. This line of thought does not help
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though as it sort of mixes the seperate times up, even they are not.
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Even in a running ruby programm the stages of compile and run are seperate.
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Similarly it does not help to argue that the code is static too, not dynamic,
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as that leaves us with a worse working model.
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