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README.md
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# ruby-in-ruby.github.io
# crystal-vm.github.io
Crystal webpage is done with github pages: https://help.github.com/categories/20/articles
Crystals webpage is done with github pages: https://help.github.com/categories/20/articles
###Contribute

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_layouts/main.html Normal file
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---
layout: site
---
<div class="row vspace10">
<div class="span10">
<h2 class="center">{{page.title}}</h2>
<div>
<p><span> {{page.sub-title}} </span></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="span2">
<div>
<ul class="nav nav-list">
<li><a href="/index.html"> Effective programming </a> </li>
<li><a href="/ideas.html"> Ideas whence it started </a> </li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
{{content}}

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_layouts/site.html
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<div class="navbar effect navbar-inverse navbar-fixed-top">
<div class="navbar-inner">
<div class="container">
<a href="https://github.com/ruby-in-ruby/"><img style="position: absolute; top: 0; right: 0; border: 0;" src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/github/ribbons/forkme_right_orange_ff7600.png" alt="Fork me on GitHub"></a>
<a href="https://github.com/crystal-vm/"><img style="position: absolute; top: 0; right: 0; border: 0;" src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/github/ribbons/forkme_right_orange_ff7600.png" alt="Fork me on GitHub"></a>
<a class="btn btn-navbar" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".nav-collapse" href="#">
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
@ -35,9 +35,6 @@
<li class="link1">
<a href="/index.html">Home</a>
</li>
<li class="link2">
<a href="/what_is.html">What is</a>
</li>
<li class="link3">
<a href="/crystal/layers.html">Crystal</a>
</li>

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crystal/layers.html
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<p>
Parsing is relatively straightforward too. We all know ruby, so it's just a matter of getting the rules right.
<br/>
If only. Ruby is full of niceties that actually make parsing it quite difficult. But at the moment that story hasn't
If only! Ruby is full of niceties that actually make parsing it quite difficult. But at the moment that story hasn't
even started.
<br/>
Traditionally, yacc or bison or talk of lr or ll would come in here and all but a few would zone out. But llvm has
proven that recursive descent parsing is a viable alternative, also for big projects. And Parslet puts that into a nice
ruby framework for us.
<br/>
Parslet lets us use modules for parts of the parser, so those files are pretty self-explanitory. Not all is done, but
a good start.
<br/>
@ -53,7 +57,32 @@ title: Crystal, a simple and minimal oo machine
<div class="span12">
<h5>Virtual Machine</h5>
<p>
The Virtual machine layer (vm) is where it gets interesting, but also more fuzzy.
The Virtual machine layer is where it gets interesting, but also a little fuzzy.
<br/>
After some trying around the virtual machine layer has become a completely self contained layer to describe and
implement an oo machine. In other words it has no reference to any physical machine, that is the next layer down.
<br/>
One can get headaches quite easily while thinking about implementing an oo machine in oo, it's just so difficult to
find the boundaries. To determine those, i like to talk of types (not classes) for the objects (values) in which the
vm is implemented. Also it is neccessary to remove ambiguity about what message sending means.
<br/>
One way to think of this (helps to keep sane) is to think of the types of the system known at compile time. In the
simplest case this could be object reference and integer. The whole vm functionality can be made to work with only
those two types, and it is not specified how the type information is stored. but off course there needs to be a
way to check it at run-time.
<br/>
The vm has an instruction set that, apart from basic integer manipulation, only alows for memory access into an
object. Instead of an implicit stack, we use activation frames and store all variables explicitly.
</p>
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="span12">
<h5>Neumann Machine</h5>
<p>
The von Neumann machine layer is a relatively close abstraction of hardware.
<br/>
Currently still quite simple, we have Classes for things we know, like program and function. Also things we need
to create the code, like Blocks and Instructions.
@ -61,7 +90,7 @@ title: Crystal, a simple and minimal oo machine
The most interesting thing is maybe the idea of a Value. If you think of Variables, Values are what a variable may
be assigned, but it may carry a storage place (register). Values are constant, and so to
change a value, we have to create a new Value (of possibly different basic type). Thus
all machine instructions are the trasformation of values into new ones.
all machine instructions are the transformation of values into new ones.
<br/>
Also interesting is the slightly unripe Basic Type system. We have a set of machine-word size types and do not
tag them (like mri or BB), but keep type info seperate. These types include integer (signed/unsigned) object reference

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future_CNAME
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ruby-in-ruby.org
crystal-vm.org

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ideas.html Executable file
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---
layout: main
title: Ruby in Ruby
sub-title: To implement ruby in ruby hopes make the the mysterious more accessible, shed light in the farthest (ruby) corners, and above all, <b>empower you</b>
---
<div class="row vspace20">
<div class="span4">
<h2 class="center"> A better tool, a better job</h2>
<p>
Ruby is the better tool to do the job. Any software job that is. We who use ruby daily do so because it is
more productive, better in almost every way. The only downside is speed and we argue that with cheap resources.
</p>
<p>
Why it has taken this long to even seriously attempt a ruby implementation in ruby is due to the overwhelming
influence of C (folks).
</p>
<p>
Just a short and subjective list of why ruby is the better tool:
<ul>
<li>More fun. Ask anyone :-) </li>
<li>Lets you focuss on the task</li>
<li>Elegant, both in syntax and solution</li>
<li>Understandable</li>
<li>Much faster to code</li>
</ul>
</p>
</div>
<div class="span4">
<h2 class="center">Boys and toys</h2>
<p>
Rails has evolved tremendously from what was already a good start. All the development <em>around</em> it has nurtured
ruby developement in all areas. Rails and all those parts make up the most mature and advanced software system
i know.
</p>
<p> The "rails effect" is due to the accessibility of the system, imho. Ie it is written in ruby.</p>
<p> Ruby itself has not enjoyed this rails effect, and that is because it is written in C (or c++) </p>
<p> It is my firm belief that given a vm in ruby, ruby development will "take off" too. In other words, given an
easy way to improve his tools, a developer will do so. Easy means understandable and that means ruby for a
ruby developer
</p>
</div>
<div class="span4">
<h2 class="center">Step to Indepencance</h2>
<p>
The first thing any decent compiler does, is compile itself. It is the maturity test of a language to implement
itself in itself, and the time has come for ruby. The mark of growing up is being independant, in ruby's case of C.
</p>
<p>
Having just learned Assembler, i can attest what a great improvement C is over Assembler.
But that was then and it is not just chance that developemnt has been slow in the last 50 years.
</p>
<p>
There is this attitude C believers elude and since they are the gatekeepers of the os,
everyone is fooled into believing only c is fast. Whereas what is true is that <em>static</em> code is fast.
</p>
<p>
On a very similar note we are lead to believe that os features must be used from c. Whereas system calls
are software interrupts and only the c std library makes them look like c functions. But they are not.
</p>
<p>
So now, are we ready to generate some bytes? even if they are Machine Code. And go to the Source? I say we are!
</p>
</div>
</div>

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index.html
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---
layout: site
title: Ruby in Ruby is 100% ruby
layout: main
title: Effectiveness, not efficiency
sub-title: By way of a new look at programming.
---
<div class="row center vspace10">
<div class="span12">
<h1><span>Ruby in Ruby. With more ruby and nothing but ruby.</span></h1>
<p>"Hey crystal, what do you want to be when you grow up". I like pink, i wanna be a ruby.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row center vspace10">
<div class="span12">
<p><span>Ruby in ruby hopes make the the mysterious more accessible, shed light in the farthest (ruby) corners, and above all, <b>empower you</b> </span></p>
</div>
<div class="span12">
<p><span>Three ideas are behind it</span></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row vspace20">
<div class="span4">
<h2 class="center"> A better tool, a better job</h2>
<h2 class="center"> Where to go</h2>
<p>
Ruby is the better tool to do the job. Any software job that is. We who use ruby daily do so because it is
more productive, better in almost every way. The only downside is speed and we argue that with cheap resources.
When making the distinction between effectiveness and efficiency i like to think of transport.
</p>
<p>
Why it has taken this long to even seriously attempt a ruby implementation in ruby is due to the overwhelming
influence of C (folks).
Efficiency is going fast, like an airplane is much more efficient than a car and that is more so than walking.
</p>
<p>
Just a short and subjective list of why ruby is the better tool:
<ul>
<li>More fun. Ask anyone :-) </li>
<li>Lets you focuss on the task</li>
<li>Elegant, both in syntax and solution</li>
<li>Understandable</li>
<li>Much faster to code</li>
</ul>
Effectiveness on the other hand is how straight your route is. Say your in Hamburg and want to go to Berlin, then
it is not effective to go to Rome first.
</p>
<p>
Ruby, like python and mother smalltalk, let us be more effective at programming. We accept that they are not efficient,
but i think that can be changed.
</p>
<p>
But even while ruby has blossomed we have seen noticeable increase in effectiveness with so called dsl's and
what is generally called meta-programming.
</p>
<p>
But meta-programming is just a way to say that we manipulate the program just as we manipulate data. Off course! But
to do that effectively we need a better model of what an object oriented program actually is.
</p>
</div>
<div class="span4">
<h2 class="center">Understandability</h2>
<p>
The way i see it is that it is the understandibility that makes ruby or python more effective. As we read much more
code than write (even it's our own), focusing on descriptive programs helps.
</p>
<p>
But you only have to look at even rubies basic blocks, to see that we have a way to go. We use Strings to represent
words and text, while we store data in Arrays or Hashes. If you look these up you may find a thread used for tying,
a military force, or a dish of diced meat and vegetables. So we have a way to go there.
</p>
<p>
But even more disconcerting is that we have no model of how an object oriented system actually works. We know what it
does off course, as we programm using it all the time. But how it does it is not clear.
</p>
<p>
At least not clear in the sense that i could go and read it's code. Ruby like python are written in c and that just
is not easily understandable code.
</p>
</div>
<div class="span4">
<h2 class="center">Boys and toys</h2>
<h2 class="center">Playing computer</h2>
<p>
Rails has evolved tremendously from what was already a good start. All the development <em>around</em> it has nurtured
ruby developement in all areas. Rails and all those parts make up the most mature and advanced software system
i know.
</p>
<p> The "rails effect" is due to the accessibility of the system, imho. Ie it is written in ruby.</p>
<p> Ruby itself has not enjoyed this rails effect, and that is because it is written in C (or c++) </p>
<p> It is my firm belief that given a vm in ruby, ruby development will "take off" too. In other words, given an
easy way to improve his tools, a developer will do so. Easy means understandable and that means ruby for a
ruby developer
</p>
</div>
<div class="span4">
<h2 class="center">Step to Indepencance</h2>
<p>
The first thing any decent compiler does, is compile itself. It is the maturity test of a language to implement
itself in itself, and the time has come for ruby. The mark of growing up is being independant, in ruby's case of C.
When programming, we fly blind. We have no visual idea of what the system that we write will do and the only way
to get feedback is to have the final version run. Bret Victor has put this
<a href="http://vimeo.com/36579366"> into words well</a>.
</p>
<p>
Having just learned Assembler, i can attest what a great improvement C is over Assembler.
But that was then and it is not just chance that developemnt has been slow in the last 50 years.
So when we program, it's actually mostly in our head. By playing computer, ie simulating in the head what the computer
will do when it runs the programm.
</p>
<p>
There is this attitude C believers elude and since they are the gatekeepers of the os,
everyone is fooled into believing only c is fast. Whereas what is true is that <em>static</em> code is fast.
And so what we consider good programmers, are people who are good at playing computer in their head.
</p>
<p>
On a very similar note we are lead to believe that os features must be used from c. Whereas system calls
are software interrupts and only the c std library makes them look like c functions. But they are not.
But off course we have the computer right there before us. So it should do it rather than us having to simulate it.
</p>
<p>
So now, are we ready to generate some bytes? even if they are Machine Code. And go to the Source? I say we are!
What will come out of that line when we actually manage to put it into practise is unclear, though it is certain it
will be easier to do and result in huegely more powerful programs
</p>
<p>
Yet to get there we need better tools. Better tools that let us understand what we are doing better. Better models of
what we call programming, and by better i mean easier to understand by people.
</p>
</div>
</div>

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what_is.html
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<div class="span4">
<h4>Vm</h4>
<h5>Crystal</h5>
<blockquote><p> The heart of the ruby-in-ruby project is crystal, the virtual machine <br /></p></blockquote>
<blockquote><p> The heart of the crystal-vm project is crystal, the virtual machine <br /></p></blockquote>
<p>Crystal is written in 100% ruby</p>
<p>Crystal uses an existing ruby to bootstrap itself</p>
<p>Crystal generates native code, and ( with 1+2) creates a native ruby virtual machine. </p>