mirror of
https://github.com/InstallerLegacy/virtualhub.eu.org.git
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324 lines
8.6 KiB
Markdown
324 lines
8.6 KiB
Markdown
---
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keywords: ["Unix v6", "Unix", "PDP-11", "SIMH", "1970s", "1975"]
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image: ./unix-v6-SIMH-PDP-11-23.webp
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description: 'We can run ! Unix v6 on the SIMH PDP-11 emulator. First, we need to download the ! Unix v6 tape. You can download the tape needed to run it on the SIMH PDP-11 emulator from the squoze.net website.'
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sidebar_position: 1
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sidebar_label: "! Unix v6 on SIMH PDP-11"
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---
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# How to install ! Unix v6 on SIMH PDP-11 emulator?
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We can run ! Unix v6 on the SIMH PDP-11 emulator. First, we need to download the ! Unix v6 tape.
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## Downloads
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You can download the tape needed to run ! Unix v6 on the SIMH PDP-11 emulator from the [squoze.net](http://squoze.net/) website:
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- [! Unix v6 tape](http://squoze.net/UNIX/v6/files/dist.tap)
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## Installing ! Unix v6
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:::tip
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If you have not already installed SIMH PDP-11 emulator, see [the VirtualHub Setup tutorial on how to do so](https://setup.virtualhub.eu.org/simh-pdp11/) on Linux and Windows.
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:::
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Create a folder somewhere to store the files for this VM and move the `dist.tap` file into it.
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Now we will create a temporary config file for our VM. Create a text file called `pdp11.ini` with the following content in the VM folder:
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```ini
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set cpu 11/40
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set tm0 locked
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attach tm0 dist.tap
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attach rk0 rk0
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attach rk1 rk1
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attach rk2 rk2
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d cpu 100000 012700
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d cpu 100002 172526
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d cpu 100004 010040
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d cpu 100006 012740
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d cpu 100010 060003
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d cpu 100012 000777
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g 100000
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```
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Now open a terminal and move to the VM folder. Run the following command to start the emulator:
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```bash
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pdp11
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```
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After the emulator starts, press `Ctrl` + `e`. You will get a `sim>` prompt. Type `g 0` to start the emulation.
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You will get an `=` prompt. Type `tmrk` and press enter. When asked for disk offset, type `0` and press enter. For tape offset, enter `100` and for count `1`.
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You will get back to an `=` prompt. Run `tmrk` again. This time, for disk offset, enter `1`, for tape offset `101` and for count `3999`.
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We have successfully copied the base ! Unix files to our disk. Now press `Ctrl` + `e` and enter `exit` to quit the emulator.
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Now we modify the `pdp11.ini` file and make it as follow:
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```ini
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set cpu 11/40
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set tto 7b
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set tm0 locked
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attach tm0 dist.tap
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attach rk0 rk0
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attach rk1 rk1
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attach rk2 rk2
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dep system sr 173030
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boot rk0
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```
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Once again, open a terminal and move to the VM folder. Run the following command to start the emulator:
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```bash
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pdp11
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```
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At the `@` prompt, type `rkunix` and press enter. ! Unix will start.
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Now we will rebuild the kernel to support the devices supported bu SIMH. First run `STTY -LCASE` to make ! Unix use lowercase. Now run the following commands (pressing enter after each lines) to build the mkconf executable:
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```bash
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chdir /usr/sys/conf
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cc mkconf.c
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mv a.out mkconf
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```
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Now we will use mkconf. Run `mkconf` and then type the following, pressing enter after each line:
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```bash
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rk
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tm
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tc
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8dc
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lp
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done
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```
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We will now build the kernel and move it to root. Run the following commands:
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```bash
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as m40.s
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mv a.out m40.o
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cc -c c.c
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as l.s
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ld -x a.out m40.o c.o ../lib1 ../lib2
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mv a.out /unix
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```
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To verify that the kernel is successfully installed in root, run the following command:
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```bash
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ls -l /unix
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```
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We will configure the device files now. Run the following commands one by one:
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```bash
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/etc/mknod /dev/rk0 b 0 0
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/etc/mknod /dev/rk1 b 0 1
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/etc/mknod /dev/rk2 b 0 2
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/etc/mknod /dev/mt0 b 3 0
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/etc/mknod /dev/tap0 b 4 0
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/etc/mknod /dev/rrk0 c 9 0
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/etc/mknod /dev/rrk1 c 9 1
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/etc/mknod /dev/rrk2 c 9 2
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/etc/mknod /dev/rmt0 c 12 0
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/etc/mknod /dev/lp0 c 2 0
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/etc/mknod /dev/tty0 c 3 0
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/etc/mknod /dev/tty1 c 3 1
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/etc/mknod /dev/tty2 c 3 2
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/etc/mknod /dev/tty3 c 3 3
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/etc/mknod /dev/tty4 c 3 4
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/etc/mknod /dev/tty5 c 3 5
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/etc/mknod /dev/tty6 c 3 6
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/etc/mknod /dev/tty7 c 3 7
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chmod 640 /dev/*rk*
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chmod 640 /dev/*mt*
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chmod 640 /dev/*tap*
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```
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We will copy the source and documentation of ! Unix v6 from the tape to disks now. Run the following commands:
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```bash
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dd if=/dev/mt0 of=/dev/rk1 count=4000 skip=4100
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/etc/mount /dev/rk1 /usr/source
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dd if=/dev/mt0 of=/dev/rk2 count=4000 skip=8100
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mkdir /usr/doc
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```
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We will add configuration to mount the source and doc disk to correct location on each boot. To do so, run `cat >> /etc/rc` and then type the following two lines (pressing enter after each line):
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```bash
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/etc/mount /dev/rk1 /usr/source
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/etc/mount /dev/rk2 /usr/doc
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```
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Then press `Ctrl` + `D`.
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Now we will rebuild the `df` command. To configure `df`, run `chdir /usr/source/s1` to change to appropriate directory, and then run `ed df.c`. Then type the following lines, pressing enter after each line (taking care of the whitespace):
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```bash
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/rp0/d
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.-2a
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"/dev/rk0",
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"/dev/rk1",
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.
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w
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q
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```
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Then compile `df` by running `cc -s -O df.c`. Then run the following commands to install it in the correct location:
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```bash
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cp a.out /bin/df
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rm a.out
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```
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You can check the filesystem by running these commands:
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```bash
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icheck /dev/rrk0
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dcheck /dev/rrk0
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icheck /dev/rrk1
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dcheck /dev/rrk1
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icheck /dev/rrk2
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dcheck /dev/rrk2
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```
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At last we will enable multiuser access for ! Unix. Run `ed /etc/ttys`, and type the following lines, pressing enter after each line:
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```bash
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1,8s/^0/1/p
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w
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q
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```
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That's it. Now run `sync` a few times, and then press `Ctrl` + `e` to pause the emulation. Enter `exit` to quit the emulator
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We have successfully installed ! Unix v6. Now you can delete the `pdp11.ini` and `dist.tap` file.
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## Running Unix v6
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Create a fresh `pdp11.ini` file with the following contents:
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```ini
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set cpu 11/40
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set cpu idle
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set tto 7b
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set tm0 locked
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attach rk0 rk0
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attach rk1 rk1
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attach rk2 rk2
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attach lpt printer.txt
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set dci en
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set dci lines=8
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set dco 7b
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att dci 5555
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boot rk0
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```
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Open a terminal and move to the VM folder. Run the following command to start the emulator:
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```bash
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pdp11
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```
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At the `@` prompt, type `unix` and press enter. ! Unix v6 will start.
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You will be asked to log in. Type `root` and press enter to log in. There is no password.
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You can now run `ls` to see the list of files. To change directory, you need to use the `chdir` command, `cd` is not available.
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That's it! We used ! Unix v6. We can create a shell script to make it easy to launch the VM.
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### Linux
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Create a file called `unix-v6.sh` with the following content:
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```bash
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#!/bin/bash
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pdp11
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```
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Now make the file executable:
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```bash
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chmod +x unix-v6.sh
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```
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Now you can start the VM using the shell script. For example, on KDE you can right-click the file and choose `Run in Konsole` or on GNOME, where you can right-click the file and choose `Run as executable`. The VM will start.
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See the [manuals section](/1970s/1975/unix-v6/#manuals) on the [main ! Unix v6 page](/1970s/1975/unix-v6) to learn how to use it.
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### Windows
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Create a file called `unix-v6.bat` with the following content:
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```bash
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pdp11
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```
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Now you can start the VM by double-clicking the shell script. See the [manuals section](/1970s/1975/unix-v6/#manuals) on the [main ! Unix v6 page](/1970s/1975/unix-v6) to learn how to use it.
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## Credits
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- The tape image above are from the [squoze.net](http://squoze.net/) website.
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- This tutorial is based on [Computer History Wiki tutorial on running ! Unix v6 on SIMH](https://gunkies.org/wiki/Installing_UNIX_v6_(PDP-11)_on_SIMH).
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## Video tutorial
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Do you want to follow the tutorial by watching a video? We will post a video on our [YouTube channel](https://www.youtube.com/@virtua1hub) soon.
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Archives of this tutorial are available on [Wayback Machine](https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://virtualhub.eu.org/1970s/1975/unix-v6/simh/).
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