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docs/1970s/1973/unix-v4/index.md

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+---
+keywords: ["nsys", "Unix v4", "Unix", "PDP-11", 1970s, 1973]
+image: ./nsys.webp
+description: "! Unix v4 was an operating system for the DEC PDP-11 computer. It was developed by Bell Labs."
+sidebar_position: 2
+---
+
+import DocCardList from '@theme/DocCardList';
+
+# ! Unix v4
+
+![! Unix v4](./nsys.webp)
+
+! Unix v4 was an operating system for the DEC PDP-11 computer. It was developed by Bell Labs. Sadly, we do not have a complete copy of Unix v4, but we do have a copy of a [kernel](<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel_(operating_system)>) that is from between v3 and v4. We can use that kernel with v5 [userland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_space). It can be used on SIMH PDP-11 emulator.
+
+<DocCardList />
+
+## Manuals
+
+Since the kernel is from between v3 and v4, and we use the userland of v5, here are the manuals of all of them:
+
+- [! Unix Programmer's Manual, 3rd Edition](https://dspinellis.github.io/unix-v3man/v3man.pdf)
+- [! Unix Programmer's Manual, 4th Edition](https://dspinellis.github.io/unix-v4man/v4man.pdf)
+- [! Unix Programmer's Manual, 5th Edition](https://www.tuhs.org/Archive/Distributions/Research/Dennis_v5/v5man.pdf)
+
+You may also be interested in the PDP-11 manuals. It was the computer on which ! Unix v3, v4 as well as v5 was supposed to run. You can download them from Bitsavers:
+
+- [PDP-11 Manuals](http://bitsavers.org/pdf/dec/pdp11/)
+
+In particular, you may be interested in these:
+
+## Related Pages
+
+- [VirtualHub Screenshots](https://screenshots.virtualhub.eu.org/1970s/1973/unix-v4/)
+- [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Unix#1970s)
+- [Computer History Wiki ! Unix v3 page](https://gunkies.org/wiki/UNIX_Third_Edition)
+- [Computer History Wiki ! Unix v4 page](https://gunkies.org/wiki/UNIX_Fourth_Edition)
+- [Computer History Wiki ! Unix v5 page](https://gunkies.org/wiki/UNIX_Fifth_Edition)
+- [Computer History Wiki PDP-11 page](https://gunkies.org/wiki/PDP-11)
+
+## Credits
+
+- ! Unix v3 and v4 manuals were taken from the page of the GitHub user "[dspinellis](https://github.com/dspinellis)".
+- The rest of the manuals were taken from [The Unix Heritage Society (TUHS)](https://www.tuhs.org) and [Bitsavers](http://bitsavers.org).

docs/1970s/1973/unix-v4/simh/index.md

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+---
+keywords: ["Unix v1", "Unix", "PDP-11", "SIMH", 1970s, 1973]
+image: ./unix-v4-SIMH-5.webp
+description: "Sadly, we do not have a complete copy of Unix v4, but we do have a copy of a kernel that is from between v3 and v4. We can use that kernel with v5 userland."
+sidebar_position: 1
+sidebar_label: "! Unix v4 on SIMH"
+---
+
+# How to install ! Unix v4 on SIMH?
+
+![SIMH PDP-11 emulator with ! Unix v4](./unix-v4-SIMH-5.webp)
+
+Sadly, we do not have a complete copy of Unix v4, but we do have a copy of a kernel that is from between v3 and v4. We can use that kernel with v5 userland. It can be used on SIMH PDP-11 emulator.
+
+## Downloads
+
+First, we need to prepare an image of Unix v5 with the `nsys` kernel. We have prepared such an image for you to download:
+
+- [! Unix-v4 image (v5 root with nsys kernel)](https://github.com/InstallerLegacy/nsys-image/releases/latest/download/nsysroot.zip)
+
+If you want to prepare the image yourself, refer to [our guide on how to do so](/blog/how-to-put-the-nsys-kernel-on-a-disk-image-of-unix-v5/).
+
+## Using ! Unix-v5
+
+:::tip
+
+If you have not already installed SIMH PDP-11 emulator, see [the VirtualHub Setup tutorial on how to do so](https://setup.virtualhub.eu.org/simh-pdp11/) on Linux and Windows.
+
+:::
+
+Extract the archive you downloaded. Inside you will find a file called `nsysroot`. Create a folder somewhere to store the files for this VM and move that file into it.
+
+Now we will create a config file for our VM. Create a text file called `pdp11.ini` with the following content in the VM folder:
+
+```ini
+set cpu 11/45
+att rk0 nsysroot
+boot rk0
+```
+
+![pdp11.ini](./unix-v4-SIMH-1.webp)
+
+Now open a terminal and move to the VM folder. Run the following command to start the emulator:
+
+```bash
+pdp11
+```
+
+![pdp11](unix-v4-SIMH-2.webp)
+
+After the emulator starts, you will get a `@` prompt. Type `nsys` and press enter to run the `nsys` kernel.
+
+![boot](./unix-v4-SIMH-3.webp)
+
+You will be asked to log in. Type `root` and press enter to log in. There is no password.
+
+![! Unix-v4 login](./unix-v4-SIMH-4.webp)
+
+You can now run `ls` to see the list of files. To change directory, you need to use the `chdir` command, `cd` is not available.
+
+![! Unix-v4 list of files in root](./unix-v4-SIMH-5.webp)
+
+That's it! We used ! Unix-v4. We can create a shell script to make it easy to launch the VM. Create a file called `unix-v4.sh` with the following content:
+
+```bash
+#!/bin/bash
+pdp11
+```
+
+Now make the file executable:
+
+```bash
+chmod +x unix-v4.sh
+```
+
+Now you can start the VM using the shell script. For example, on KDE you can right-click the file and choose `Run in Konsole` or on GNOME, where you can right-click the file and choose `Run as executable`. The VM will start.
+
+See the [manuals section](/1970s/1973/unix-v4/#manuals) on the [main ! Unix-v4 page](/1970s/1973/unix-v4) to learn how to use it.
+
+### Windows
+
+:::tip
+
+You should use Linux. If you don’t know how to install a Linux distro, see [our tutorials on how to install Kubuntu](https://setup.virtualhub.eu.org/tag/os/), a beginner-friendly distro.
+
+:::
+
+On Windows, you need to place the `PDP11.exe` file you downloaded in [this tutorial](https://setup.virtualhub.eu.org/simh-pdp11#windows) in the VM folder. Then you can follow the above tutorial as usual. The shell script will not work on Windows. You need to rename it to `unix-v4.bat`. Then you can double-click the file to launch the VM, no need to make it executable.
+
+## Credits
+
+- The Unix v5 image, the `nsys` kernel and other files used above are from [TUHS](https://www.tuhs.org).
+
+## Video tutorial
+
+Do you want to follow the tutorial by watching a video? We will post a video on our [YouTube channel](https://www.youtube.com/@virtua1hub) soon.
+
+Archives of this tutorial are available on [Wayback Machine](https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://virtualhub.eu.org/1970s/1973/unix-v4/simh/).