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id="第一章-开发环境的安装和配置-⭐" tabindex="-1">第一章:开发环境的安装和配置(⭐) <a class="header-anchor" href="#第一章-开发环境的安装和配置-⭐" aria-label="Permalink to "第一章:开发环境的安装和配置(⭐)""></a></h1><h2 id="_1-1-什么是编译器" tabindex="-1">1.1 什么是编译器? <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-1-什么是编译器" aria-label="Permalink to "1.1 什么是编译器?""></a></h2><ul><li>要开发 C/C++ 程序,需要安装 C/C++ 编译器,目前有两种主流实现,即: <ul><li>GCC(GNU Compiler Collection):全平台实现,即支持 Windows、MacOS、Linux 等。</li><li>MSVC(Microsoft Visual C++):只支持 Windows 系统。</li></ul></li><li>GCC 在 Windows 上的版本有很多,如:<a href="https://www.mingw-w64.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">MinGW-w64</a>、<a href="https://cygwin.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Gygwin</a>、<a href="https://www.msys2.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">MSYS2</a>。它们之间的区别,如下所示:</li></ul><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th>特性</th><th>MinGW-w64</th><th>Cygwin</th><th>MSYS2</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>简介</strong></td><td>Minimalist GNU for Windows</td><td>POSIX 兼容环境和工具集</td><td>结合了 MinGW 和 Cygwin 的工具集</td></tr><tr><td><strong>编译器</strong></td><td>提供 GCC 编译器</td><td>提供 POSIX 兼容环境,包含大量工具</td><td>提供 MinGW-w64 工具链和 Cygwin 环境</td></tr><tr><td><strong>生成文件</strong></td><td>Windows 原生可执行文件</td><td>POSIX 兼容的可执行文件</td><td>可以生成 Windows 原生可执行文件或 POSIX 文件</td></tr><tr><td><strong>依赖</strong></td><td>无需额外依赖</td><td>依赖 Cygwin DLL</td><td>根据使用工具链决定(MinGW-w64 无依赖,Cygwin 有依赖)</td></tr><tr><td><strong>工具和库</strong></td><td>基本的编译工具</td><td>丰富的 Unix 工具和库</td><td>丰富的工具和库,强大的包管理系统</td></tr><tr><td><strong>性能</strong></td><td>性能较好</td><td>可能较低,因为通过兼容层调用系统</td><td>取决于使用的工具链(MinGW-w64 性能较好)</td></tr><tr><td><strong>复杂度</strong></td><td>简单易用</td><td>设置和使用相对复杂</td><td>较为灵活,复杂度介于 MinGW-w64 和 Cygwin 之间</td></tr><tr><td><strong>适用场景</strong></td><td>开发 Windows 原生应用</td><td>运行和开发 Unix 程序</td><td>混合使用 Unix 工具和开发 Windows 原生应用</td></tr><tr><td><strong>优点</strong></td><td>轻量级,直接生成 Windows 应用</td><td>完整的 POSIX 兼容环境,丰富的工具</td><td>灵活的环境,强大的包管理系统</td></tr><tr><td><strong>缺点</strong></td><td>工具和库较少</td><td>生成文件依赖 Cygwin DLL,性能可能较低</td><td>环境较大,占用更多空间,复杂性比 MinGW-w64 高</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① MinGW-w64 、Cygwin 以及 MSYS2 任选其一安装即可。</li><li>② 目前的 Win10 和 Win11 版本支持 WSL2 (Windows Sub Linux 2 ,即 Windows 的子系统 Linux),可以实现在 Windows 系统上安装一个 Linux ,然后再运行 Linux 中的 GCC 工具链。</li><li>③ 本人的操作系统是 Win11 ,安装和配置都将以该系统为基础作为演示,后续不再赘述!!!</li></ul></div><h2 id="_1-2-编译器的安装和配置" tabindex="-1">1.2 编译器的安装和配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-编译器的安装和配置" aria-label="Permalink to "1.2 编译器的安装和配置""></a></h2><h3 id="_1-2-2-mingw-w64-的安装和配置" tabindex="-1">1.2.2 MinGW-w64 的安装和配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-2-mingw-w64-的安装和配置" aria-label="Permalink to "1.2.2 MinGW-w64 的安装和配置""></a></h3><h4 id="_1-2-2-1-安装" tabindex="-1">1.2.2.1 安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-2-1-安装" aria-label="Permalink to "1.2.2.1 安装""></a></h4><ul><li>下载到本地:略。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>下载地址在<a href="https://github.com/niXman/mingw-builds-binaries/releases/download/13.2.0-rt_v11-rev1/x86_64-13.2.0-release-posix-seh-ucrt-rt_v11-rev1.7z" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">这里</a>。</p></div><p><img src="'+l+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>解压到指定的目录,即:</li></ul><p><img src="'+e+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>本人的解压目录是:<code>D:\\develop\\mingw64</code> 。</p></div><h4 id="_1-2-2-2-配置-path-环境变量" tabindex="-1">1.2.2.2 配置 path 环境变量 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-2-2-配置-path-环境变量" aria-label="Permalink to "1.2.2.2 配置 path 环境变量""></a></h4><ul><li>配置环境变量,以便任意目录都可以执行 gcc 命令,即:</li></ul><p><img src="'+p+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+t+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+r+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+c+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+h+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>因为,本人安装 MinGW-w64 的目录是 <code>D:\\develop\\mingw64</code>,所以本人需要配置的 path 环境变量就是<code>D:\\develop\\mingw64\\bin</code>。</p></div><p><img src="'+d+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>测试是否安装成功:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --version</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+o+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_1-2-3-cygwin-的安装和配置" tabindex="-1">1.2.3 Cygwin 的安装和配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-3-cygwin-的安装和配置" aria-label="Permalink to "1.2.3 Cygwin 的安装和配置""></a></h3><h4 id="_1-2-3-1-安装" tabindex="-1">1.2.3.1 安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-3-1-安装" aria-label="Permalink to "1.2.3.1 安装""></a></h4><ul><li>下载到本地:略。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>下载地址在<a href="https://www.cygwin.com/install.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">这里</a>。</p></div><p><img src="'+k+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>点击安装:</li></ul><p><img src="'+u+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+g+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+b+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+m+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+C+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+E+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+y+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+F+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>默认是最小化安装,没有 GCC,需要选择 gcc-core、gcc-g++、make、gdb、binutils 。</p></div><p><img src="'+_+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+v+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+B+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+f+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+A+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+D+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+x+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+q+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+w+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h4 id="_1-2-3-2-配置-path-环境变量" tabindex="-1">1.2.3.2 配置 path 环境变量 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-3-2-配置-path-环境变量" aria-label="Permalink to "1.2.3.2 配置 path 环境变量""></a></h4><ul><li>和 <code>1.2.2.2 配置 path 环境变量</code> 步骤相同:略。</li></ul><h3 id="_1-2-4-msys2-推荐" tabindex="-1">1.2.4 MSYS2(推荐) <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-4-msys2-推荐" aria-label="Permalink to "1.2.4 MSYS2(推荐)""></a></h3><h4 id="_1-2-4-1-安装" tabindex="-1">1.2.4.1 安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-4-1-安装" aria-label="Permalink to "1.2.4.1 安装""></a></h4><ul><li>下载到本地:略。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>下载地址在<a href="https://www.msys2.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">这里</a>。</p></div><p><img src="'+S+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>点击安装:</li></ul><p><img src="'+L+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+z+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+P+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+T+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>可能很多人,会遇到安装到 <code>50%</code> 就一直卡死在那边,不用慌,关闭它,再次重新安装即可。</p></div><p><img src="'+W+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>出现命令终端:</li></ul><p><img src="'+M+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>如果没有出现命令终端,也不要慌,去 Win11 操作系统的<code>开始</code>菜单,那边找一下,就能找到。</p></div><ul><li>替换清华镜像源(可选):</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sed</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -i</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> \\</span></span>
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id="第一章-开发环境的安装和配置-⭐" tabindex="-1">第一章:开发环境的安装和配置(⭐) <a class="header-anchor" href="#第一章-开发环境的安装和配置-⭐" aria-label="Permalink to "第一章:开发环境的安装和配置(⭐)""></a></h1><h2 id="_1-1-什么是编译器" tabindex="-1">1.1 什么是编译器? <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-1-什么是编译器" aria-label="Permalink to "1.1 什么是编译器?""></a></h2><ul><li>要开发 C/C++ 程序,需要安装 C/C++ 编译器,目前有两种主流实现,即: <ul><li>GCC(GNU Compiler Collection):全平台实现,即支持 Windows、MacOS、Linux 等。</li><li>MSVC(Microsoft Visual C++):只支持 Windows 系统。</li></ul></li><li>GCC 在 Windows 上的版本有很多,如:<a href="https://www.mingw-w64.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">MinGW-w64</a>、<a href="https://cygwin.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Gygwin</a>、<a href="https://www.msys2.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">MSYS2</a>。它们之间的区别,如下所示:</li></ul><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th>特性</th><th>MinGW-w64</th><th>Cygwin</th><th>MSYS2</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>简介</strong></td><td>Minimalist GNU for Windows</td><td>POSIX 兼容环境和工具集</td><td>结合了 MinGW 和 Cygwin 的工具集</td></tr><tr><td><strong>编译器</strong></td><td>提供 GCC 编译器</td><td>提供 POSIX 兼容环境,包含大量工具</td><td>提供 MinGW-w64 工具链和 Cygwin 环境</td></tr><tr><td><strong>生成文件</strong></td><td>Windows 原生可执行文件</td><td>POSIX 兼容的可执行文件</td><td>可以生成 Windows 原生可执行文件或 POSIX 文件</td></tr><tr><td><strong>依赖</strong></td><td>无需额外依赖</td><td>依赖 Cygwin DLL</td><td>根据使用工具链决定(MinGW-w64 无依赖,Cygwin 有依赖)</td></tr><tr><td><strong>工具和库</strong></td><td>基本的编译工具</td><td>丰富的 Unix 工具和库</td><td>丰富的工具和库,强大的包管理系统</td></tr><tr><td><strong>性能</strong></td><td>性能较好</td><td>可能较低,因为通过兼容层调用系统</td><td>取决于使用的工具链(MinGW-w64 性能较好)</td></tr><tr><td><strong>复杂度</strong></td><td>简单易用</td><td>设置和使用相对复杂</td><td>较为灵活,复杂度介于 MinGW-w64 和 Cygwin 之间</td></tr><tr><td><strong>适用场景</strong></td><td>开发 Windows 原生应用</td><td>运行和开发 Unix 程序</td><td>混合使用 Unix 工具和开发 Windows 原生应用</td></tr><tr><td><strong>优点</strong></td><td>轻量级,直接生成 Windows 应用</td><td>完整的 POSIX 兼容环境,丰富的工具</td><td>灵活的环境,强大的包管理系统</td></tr><tr><td><strong>缺点</strong></td><td>工具和库较少</td><td>生成文件依赖 Cygwin DLL,性能可能较低</td><td>环境较大,占用更多空间,复杂性比 MinGW-w64 高</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① MinGW-w64 、Cygwin 以及 MSYS2 任选其一安装即可。</li><li>② 目前的 Win10 和 Win11 版本支持 WSL2 (Windows Sub Linux 2 ,即 Windows 的子系统 Linux),可以实现在 Windows 系统上安装一个 Linux ,然后再运行 Linux 中的 GCC 工具链。</li><li>③ 本人的操作系统是 Win11 ,安装和配置都将以该系统为基础作为演示,后续不再赘述!!!</li></ul></div><h2 id="_1-2-编译器的安装和配置" tabindex="-1">1.2 编译器的安装和配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-编译器的安装和配置" aria-label="Permalink to "1.2 编译器的安装和配置""></a></h2><h3 id="_1-2-2-mingw-w64-的安装和配置" tabindex="-1">1.2.2 MinGW-w64 的安装和配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-2-mingw-w64-的安装和配置" aria-label="Permalink to "1.2.2 MinGW-w64 的安装和配置""></a></h3><h4 id="_1-2-2-1-安装" tabindex="-1">1.2.2.1 安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-2-1-安装" aria-label="Permalink to "1.2.2.1 安装""></a></h4><ul><li>下载到本地:略。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>下载地址在<a href="https://github.com/niXman/mingw-builds-binaries/releases/download/13.2.0-rt_v11-rev1/x86_64-13.2.0-release-posix-seh-ucrt-rt_v11-rev1.7z" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">这里</a>。</p></div><p><img src="'+l+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>解压到指定的目录,即:</li></ul><p><img src="'+e+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>本人的解压目录是:<code>D:\\develop\\mingw64</code> 。</p></div><h4 id="_1-2-2-2-配置-path-环境变量" tabindex="-1">1.2.2.2 配置 path 环境变量 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-2-2-配置-path-环境变量" aria-label="Permalink to "1.2.2.2 配置 path 环境变量""></a></h4><ul><li>配置环境变量,以便任意目录都可以执行 gcc 命令,即:</li></ul><p><img src="'+p+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+t+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+r+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+c+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+h+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>因为,本人安装 MinGW-w64 的目录是 <code>D:\\develop\\mingw64</code>,所以本人需要配置的 path 环境变量就是<code>D:\\develop\\mingw64\\bin</code>。</p></div><p><img src="'+d+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>测试是否安装成功:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --version</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+o+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_1-2-3-cygwin-的安装和配置" tabindex="-1">1.2.3 Cygwin 的安装和配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-3-cygwin-的安装和配置" aria-label="Permalink to "1.2.3 Cygwin 的安装和配置""></a></h3><h4 id="_1-2-3-1-安装" tabindex="-1">1.2.3.1 安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-3-1-安装" aria-label="Permalink to "1.2.3.1 安装""></a></h4><ul><li>下载到本地:略。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>下载地址在<a href="https://www.cygwin.com/install.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">这里</a>。</p></div><p><img src="'+k+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>点击安装:</li></ul><p><img src="'+u+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+g+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+b+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+m+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+C+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+y+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+E+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+F+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>默认是最小化安装,没有 GCC,需要选择 gcc-core、gcc-g++、make、gdb、binutils 。</p></div><p><img src="'+_+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+v+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+B+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+f+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+A+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+D+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+x+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+q+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+w+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h4 id="_1-2-3-2-配置-path-环境变量" tabindex="-1">1.2.3.2 配置 path 环境变量 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-3-2-配置-path-环境变量" aria-label="Permalink to "1.2.3.2 配置 path 环境变量""></a></h4><ul><li>和 <code>1.2.2.2 配置 path 环境变量</code> 步骤相同:略。</li></ul><h3 id="_1-2-4-msys2-推荐" tabindex="-1">1.2.4 MSYS2(推荐) <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-4-msys2-推荐" aria-label="Permalink to "1.2.4 MSYS2(推荐)""></a></h3><h4 id="_1-2-4-1-安装" tabindex="-1">1.2.4.1 安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-4-1-安装" aria-label="Permalink to "1.2.4.1 安装""></a></h4><ul><li>下载到本地:略。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>下载地址在<a href="https://www.msys2.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">这里</a>。</p></div><p><img src="'+S+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>点击安装:</li></ul><p><img src="'+L+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+z+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+P+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+W+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>可能很多人,会遇到安装到 <code>50%</code> 就一直卡死在那边,不用慌,关闭它,再次重新安装即可。</p></div><p><img src="'+T+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>出现命令终端:</li></ul><p><img src="'+M+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>如果没有出现命令终端,也不要慌,去 Win11 操作系统的<code>开始</code>菜单,那边找一下,就能找到。</p></div><ul><li>替换清华镜像源(可选):</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sed</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -i</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> \\</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> "s#https\\?://mirror.msys2.org/#https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/msys2/#g"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> \\</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> "s#https\\?://mirror.msys2.org/#https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/msys2/#g"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> \\</span></span>
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||||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">*</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><p><img src="`+U+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装 gcc 等相关开发包:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">pacman</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -Syu</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --noconfirm</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 更新包管理器</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">pacman</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -Sy</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> base-devel</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --noconfirm</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 安装开发工具包</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">pacman</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -Sy</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> mingw-w64-ucrt-x86_64-toolchain</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --noconfirm</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 安装开发 gcc 相关工具链</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>也许,你会看到其他人的安装命令是 <code>pacman -Sy mingw-w64-x86_64-toolchain --noconfirm</code>,此处解释下两者的区别:</p><ul><li>① <code>mingw-w64-x86_64-toolchain</code> 使用更传统的 MSVCRT,适合需要经典 MinGW 环境的项目或依赖较老 C 运行时的应用。</li><li>② <code>mingw-w64-ucrt-x86_64-toolchain</code> 使用 Microsoft 的 UCRT,更适合现代 Windows 开发,提供更好的兼容性和性能。</li></ul></div><p><img src="'+O+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h4 id="_1-2-4-2-配置-path-环境变量" tabindex="-1">1.2.4.2 配置 path 环境变量 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-4-2-配置-path-环境变量" aria-label="Permalink to "1.2.4.2 配置 path 环境变量""></a></h4><ul><li>和 <code>1.2.2.2 配置 path 环境变量</code> 步骤相同:略。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>本人需要配置的 path 环境变量是 <code>C:\\msys64\\ucrt64\\bin</code> 。</p></div><h2 id="_1-3-什么是-ide-集成开发环境" tabindex="-1">1.3 什么是 IDE(集成开发环境)? <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-3-什么是-ide-集成开发环境" aria-label="Permalink to "1.3 什么是 IDE(集成开发环境)?""></a></h2><ul><li><p>在实际开发中,除了<code>编译器</code>是必须安装的工具之外,我们往往还需要很多其他的辅助软件,如下所示:</p><ul><li>编辑器:用来编写代码,并且给代码着色,以方便阅读。</li><li>代码提示器:输入部分代码,即可提示全部代码,加速代码的编写过程。</li><li>调试器:观察程序的每一个运行步骤,发现程序的逻辑错误。</li><li>项目管理工具:对程序涉及到的所有资源进行管理,包括:源文件、图片、视频、第三方库等。</li><li>漂亮的界面:各种按钮、面板、菜单、窗口等控件整齐排布,操作更方便。</li></ul></li><li><p>这些工具通常被打包在一起,统一安装和发布,如:Visual Studio、CLion 以及 VS Code ,通常统称为集成开发环境(IDE,Integrated Development Environment)。</p></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① IDE(集成开发环境)就是一系列开发工具的组合套装。这就好比台式机,核心部件是主机。主机就相当于 IDE 的代码编辑器和编译器,有了它们,开发者就可以进行基本的编程工作。然而,正如我们在购买台式机时,通常还会附带显示器、键盘、鼠标、U盘、摄像头等外围设备,IDE 也同样提供了一系列额外的工具和插件,比如:调试器、版本控制集成、代码补全、代码重构工具等。这些“外围设备”让开发过程更加高效、直观,并且能够满足更多的开发需求,使得 IDE 成为一个完整的开发环境。</li><li>② 严格来讲, VS Code 属于编辑器,而不是 IDE;但是,可以通过安装各种插件,来完成 IDE 的功能;而 Visual Studio 和 CLion 属于 IDE。</li><li>③ 在实际开发中,使用 IDE 进行编程并不是一种非常丢人的事情。而使用编辑器,如:<code>记事本</code>、<code>vi/vim</code> 等,进行编程,也并不是一件非常骄傲的事情。可能有些人会在网上发布这样的言论:“学习编程,刚开始需要使用<code>记事本</code>或 <code>vi/vim</code>等简单的编辑器软件,不要使用 IDE ”,目的可能是为了让初学者熟悉编程的基础概念和语法,并避免依赖 IDE 的辅助功能。但是,这种方法或许可以起到锻炼基础技能的功能,但这并不意味着 IDE 就不适合初学者。事实上,许多 IDE 还提供了初学者友好的界面和工具,可以帮助新手更快地入门和理解编程。</li></ul></div><h2 id="_1-4-ide-的安装和配置" tabindex="-1">1.4 IDE 的安装和配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-ide-的安装和配置" aria-label="Permalink to "1.4 IDE 的安装和配置""></a></h2><h3 id="_1-4-1-clion" tabindex="-1">1.4.1 CLion <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-1-clion" aria-label="Permalink to "1.4.1 CLion""></a></h3><h4 id="_1-4-1-1-概述" tabindex="-1">1.4.1.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-1-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to "1.4.1.1 概述""></a></h4><ul><li><a href="https://www.jetbrains.com/clion/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">CLion</a> 是一款由 JetBrains 推出的跨平台 C/C++ 集成开发环境(IDE),它具有智能编辑器、CMake 构建支持、调试器、单元测试、代码分析等功能,可以极大提高 C/C++ 开发效率。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 本次,演示的 CLion 的安装版本是 2024.1.4 ,后续版本可能会更新,但是操作几乎不会发生太多变化!!!</li><li>② CLion 作为一个 IDE,本身就携带了各个平台(操作系统)的 C 语言编译器,如:Windows 中就是 MinGW;但是,CLion 中自带的 C 语言编译器版本可能并非我们实际开发所想要的,这也是在 Windows 中,为什么推荐使用 MSYS2 的原因所在。</li></ul></div><h4 id="_1-4-1-2-安装" tabindex="-1">1.4.1.2 安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-1-2-安装" aria-label="Permalink to "1.4.1.2 安装""></a></h4><ul><li>鼠标双击,进入安装:</li></ul><p><img src="'+I+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>下一步:</li></ul><p><img src="'+N+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>下一步:</li></ul><p><img src="'+R+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>下一步:</li></ul><p><img src="'+V+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装:</li></ul><p><img src="'+G+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装完成:</li></ul><p><img src="'+X+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h4 id="_1-4-1-3-配置" tabindex="-1">1.4.1.3 配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-1-3-配置" aria-label="Permalink to "1.4.1.3 配置""></a></h4><ul><li>打开 CLion :</li></ul><p><img src="'+$+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装中文插件(可选):</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>对于以中文、韩语和日语为母语的开发者,CLion 在 2024.2 之后的版本就绑定了本地化插件,即不需要再安装本地化插件了。</p></div><p><img src="'+H+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+K+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>配置新 UI :</li></ul><p><img src="'+Q+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+Y+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>新 UI 配置自定义字体(可选):</li></ul><p><img src="'+j+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>配置<code>自动保存</code>功能:</li></ul><p><img src="'+J+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>配置<code>文件编码</code> 为 UTF-8:</li></ul><p><img src="'+Z+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>配置<code>控制台编码</code>为 UTF-8:</li></ul><p><img src="'+ss+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>配置<code>显示方法分隔符</code>功能:</li></ul><p><img src="'+as+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>配置<code>编辑器</code>的字体(可选):</li></ul><p><img src="'+is+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>检测 GCC 工具链是否安装成功:</li></ul><p><img src="'+ns+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_1-4-2-vs-code" tabindex="-1">1.4.2 VS Code <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-2-vs-code" aria-label="Permalink to "1.4.2 VS Code""></a></h3><h4 id="_1-4-2-1-概述" tabindex="-1">1.4.2.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-2-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to "1.4.2.1 概述""></a></h4><ul><li><a href="https://code.visualstudio.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Visual Studio Code (VS Code)</a> 是一个免费的开源代码编辑器,适用于 Windows、MacOS 和 Linux 平台。它支持语法高亮、智能代码补全(IntelliSense)、内置调试工具和Git集成。用户可以通过扩展来添加更多功能,如:支持新的编程语言、主题和调试工具。VS Code 还支持在微软 Azure 上进行部署和托管,适用于各种编程语言和框架。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① Visual Studio Code 需要安装对应的插件,才能运行 C/C++ 代码。</li><li>② Visual Studio Code 除了开源免费的优点之外,还有一个优点就是插件巨多(几乎所有主流的编程语言都提供有对应的插件),这也是很多程序员喜欢使用它的原因。</li></ul></div><h4 id="_1-4-2-2-安装" tabindex="-1">1.4.2.2 安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-2-2-安装" aria-label="Permalink to "1.4.2.2 安装""></a></h4><ul><li>鼠标双击,进入安装:</li></ul><p><img src="'+ls+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>同意协议:</li></ul><p><img src="'+es+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>下一步:</li></ul><p><img src="'+ps+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>下一步:</li></ul><p><img src="'+ts+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>下一步:</li></ul><p><img src="'+rs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装:</li></ul><p><img src="'+cs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装过程:</li></ul><p><img src="'+hs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装完成:</li></ul><p><img src="'+ds+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h4 id="_1-4-2-3-配置" tabindex="-1">1.4.2.3 配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-2-3-配置" aria-label="Permalink to "1.4.2.3 配置""></a></h4><ul><li>安装<code>中文</code>插件:</li></ul><p><img src="'+os+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+ks+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装 <code>C/C++</code> 插件:</li></ul><p><img src="'+us+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+gs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_1-4-3-microsoft-visual-studio" tabindex="-1">1.4.3 Microsoft Visual Studio <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-3-microsoft-visual-studio" aria-label="Permalink to "1.4.3 Microsoft Visual Studio""></a></h3><h4 id="_1-4-3-1-概述" tabindex="-1">1.4.3.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-3-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to "1.4.3.1 概述""></a></h4><ul><li><a href="https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Visual Studio</a>(简称 VS)是由微软公司发布的集成开发环境。它包括了整个软件生命周期中所需要的大部分工具,如:UML 工具、代码管控工具、项目版本控制 Git 等。</li><li>Visual Studio 支持 C/C++、C#、F#、VB 等多种程序语言的开发和测试,可以用于生成 Web 应用程序,也可以生成桌面应用程序,功能十分强大,但下载和安装很可能耗时数小时,还可能会塞满磁盘。</li><li>Visual Studio 有三种版本:社区版(免费,不支持企业使用),专业版(收费)和企业版(收费)。企业版拥有面向架构师的功能、高级调试和测试,这些功能是另外两种版本所没有的。</li><li>Visual Studio 旨在成为世界上最好的 IDE(集成开发环境),号称“宇宙第一强大 IDE”。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>本次,演示的 Visual Studio 的安装版本是 Visual Studio 2022 ,后续版本可能会更新,但是操作几乎不会发生太多变化!!!</p></div><h4 id="_1-4-3-2-安装" tabindex="-1">1.4.3.2 安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-3-2-安装" aria-label="Permalink to "1.4.3.2 安装""></a></h4><ul><li>鼠标双击,进入安装:</li></ul><p><img src="'+bs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>继续:</li></ul><p><img src="'+ms+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>等待:</li></ul><p><img src="'+Cs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>工作负荷(使用 C++ 的桌面开发):</li></ul><p><img src="'+Es+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>单个组件:</li></ul><p><img src="'+ys+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>语言包:</li></ul><p><img src="'+Fs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装位置(修改默认的安装位置):</li></ul><p><img src="'+_s+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>如果不是第一次安装,可能会出现<code>共享组件、工具和 SDK</code>不可以修改,即:</li></ul><p><img src="'+vs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>此时,就需要打开<code>注册表编辑器</code>,将如下图中的除了第一个选项,全部删除,然后关闭再重新安装,即:</li></ul><p><img src="'+Bs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>开始安装:</li></ul><p><img src="'+fs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装中:</li></ul><p><img src="'+As+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装完成,然后关闭:</li></ul><p><img src="'+Ds+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h4 id="_1-4-3-3-配置" tabindex="-1">1.4.3.3 配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-3-3-配置" aria-label="Permalink to "1.4.3.3 配置""></a></h4><ul><li>在开始菜单处,启动 VS :</li></ul><p><img src="'+xs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>登录或跳过该选项(有微软账号就注册,没有就暂时跳过):</li></ul><p><img src="'+qs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>继续:</li></ul><p><img src="'+ws+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>注册 VS :</li></ul><p><img src="'+Ss+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>填写注册码:</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① Pro 版本:<code>TD244-P4NB7-YQ6XK-Y8MMM-YWV2J</code></li><li>② Enterprise 版本:<code>VHF9H-NXBBB-638P6-6JHCY-88JWH</code></li></ul></div><p><img src="'+Ls+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+zs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_1-5-什么是工程-项目" tabindex="-1">1.5 什么是工程/项目 ? <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-5-什么是工程-项目" aria-label="Permalink to "1.5 什么是工程/项目 ?""></a></h2><h3 id="_1-5-1-概述" tabindex="-1">1.5.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-5-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to "1.5.1 概述""></a></h3><ul><li>一个真正的软件往往包含多项功能,每一项功能都需要几十行、几千行甚至几万行的代码,如果我们将这些代码都放到一个源文件中,不但打开的速度极慢,代码的编写和维护也会变得非常困难。</li><li>在实际开发中,随着软件规模的增加,代码的复杂性也会显著提升,为了提高代码的易读性、维护性等,程序员会将代码按照功能分别放到不同的源文件中。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>需要说明的是,一个真正的软件除了源代码之外,往往还会包括图片、视频、音频、库(框架)等其它资源,这些也是一个个的文件。</p></div><ul><li>为了有效的管理这些种类繁杂、数目众多的文件,我们会将这些文件按照功能放到不同的目录中进行统一管理,并且这个目录下只存放与当前程序有关的资源。其实,这就是工程或项目。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>总结:</p><ul><li>① 随着软件规模的增加,代码的复杂性也会显著提升。将代码分割成多个模块或文件并分别管理,可以减少每个文件的复杂度,使代码更易读、易理解、易维护。工程提供了一个结构化的环境,将这些文件组织在一个系统化的目录结构中。</li><li>② 除了代码,软件开发还涉及到各种资源的管理,如:图片、音频、视频、配置文件等。工程能够帮助开发者将这些资源合理地分类存放,并与代码一同管理,确保它们在开发、编译和运行时能被正确引用。</li></ul></div><ul><li>许多 IDE 都提供了工程或项目的概念,其目的就是为了帮助开发者合理的管理软件开发中所需要的资源,如:图片、视频、音频、库(框架)等。</li></ul><p><img src="'+Ps+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_1-5-2-工程类型-项目类型" tabindex="-1">1.5.2 工程类型/项目类型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-5-2-工程类型-项目类型" aria-label="Permalink to "1.5.2 工程类型/项目类型""></a></h3><ul><li><p>程序或软件是一个非常宽泛的概念,它可以细分为很多种类,如下所示:</p><ul><li>控制台程序(Console Application):控制台程序是一种不具备图形用户界面的程序,它通过文本方式与用户交互,通常运行在命令行窗口(黑底白字的终端),如:Unix/Linux 中的<code>ls</code>命令、Windows 中的<code>cmd.exe</code>等。</li><li>GUI 程序(Graphical User Interface Program):GUI 程序是一种具有图形用户界面的程序,通过窗口、按钮、菜单等图形控件与用户交互,如:微信、QQ 等。</li><li>静态库和动态库:不单独出现,而是作为其它程序的一个组成部分,普通用户很难接触到它们。 <ul><li>静态库指的是在编译时包含到程序中的库,程序不依赖外部文件运行,如:在 C/C++ 中,静态库通常以<code>.lib</code>(Windows)或<code>.a</code>(Unix/Linux)为扩展名。</li><li>动态库指的是在运行时加载的库,允许多个程序共享,并且程序在运行时依赖这些库,如: 在Windows中,动态库通常以<code>.dll</code>为扩展名;在 Unix/Linux 中,以<code>.so</code>为扩展名。</li></ul></li></ul></li><li><p>不同类型的程序(控制台程序、GUI 程序、静态库、动态库等)需要不同的配置和文件结构,因此在 IDE 中创建项目时,选择正确的工程类型非常重要。不同的工程类型决定了 IDE 为我们生成的初始文件、目录结构,以及预设的一些编译和链接参数。</p></li></ul><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><ul><li>① 控制台程序适合初学者,因为它更简单,没有复杂的界面元素,开发时可以专注于逻辑和代码本身。</li><li>② 而 GUI 程序则涉及到用户界面设计和事件驱动编程,更适合有一定编程基础的人进行学习和开发。</li></ul></div><h1 id="第二章-c-语言入门-helloworld-⭐" tabindex="-1">第二章:C 语言入门(HelloWorld,⭐) <a class="header-anchor" href="#第二章-c-语言入门-helloworld-⭐" aria-label="Permalink to "第二章:C 语言入门(HelloWorld,⭐)""></a></h1><h2 id="_2-1-手动版" tabindex="-1">2.1 手动版 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-1-手动版" aria-label="Permalink to "2.1 手动版""></a></h2><ul><li>① 新建一个 <code>HelloWorld.c</code> 的文件:</li></ul><p><img src="'+Ts+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>② 通过<code>记事本</code>等软件打开该文件,输入如下的代码,并保存:</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> <stdio.h></span></span>
|
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">*</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><p><img src="`+U+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装 gcc 等相关开发包:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">pacman</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -Syu</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --noconfirm</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 更新包管理器</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">pacman</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -Sy</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> base-devel</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --noconfirm</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 安装开发工具包</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">pacman</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -Sy</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> mingw-w64-ucrt-x86_64-toolchain</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --noconfirm</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 安装开发 gcc 相关工具链</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>也许,你会看到其他人的安装命令是 <code>pacman -Sy mingw-w64-x86_64-toolchain --noconfirm</code>,此处解释下两者的区别:</p><ul><li>① <code>mingw-w64-x86_64-toolchain</code> 使用更传统的 MSVCRT,适合需要经典 MinGW 环境的项目或依赖较老 C 运行时的应用。</li><li>② <code>mingw-w64-ucrt-x86_64-toolchain</code> 使用 Microsoft 的 UCRT,更适合现代 Windows 开发,提供更好的兼容性和性能。</li></ul></div><p><img src="'+O+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h4 id="_1-2-4-2-配置-path-环境变量" tabindex="-1">1.2.4.2 配置 path 环境变量 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-4-2-配置-path-环境变量" aria-label="Permalink to "1.2.4.2 配置 path 环境变量""></a></h4><ul><li>和 <code>1.2.2.2 配置 path 环境变量</code> 步骤相同:略。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>本人需要配置的 path 环境变量是 <code>C:\\msys64\\ucrt64\\bin</code> 。</p></div><h2 id="_1-3-什么是-ide-集成开发环境" tabindex="-1">1.3 什么是 IDE(集成开发环境)? <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-3-什么是-ide-集成开发环境" aria-label="Permalink to "1.3 什么是 IDE(集成开发环境)?""></a></h2><ul><li><p>在实际开发中,除了<code>编译器</code>是必须安装的工具之外,我们往往还需要很多其他的辅助软件,如下所示:</p><ul><li>编辑器:用来编写代码,并且给代码着色,以方便阅读。</li><li>代码提示器:输入部分代码,即可提示全部代码,加速代码的编写过程。</li><li>调试器:观察程序的每一个运行步骤,发现程序的逻辑错误。</li><li>项目管理工具:对程序涉及到的所有资源进行管理,包括:源文件、图片、视频、第三方库等。</li><li>漂亮的界面:各种按钮、面板、菜单、窗口等控件整齐排布,操作更方便。</li></ul></li><li><p>这些工具通常被打包在一起,统一安装和发布,如:Visual Studio、CLion 以及 VS Code ,通常统称为集成开发环境(IDE,Integrated Development Environment)。</p></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① IDE(集成开发环境)就是一系列开发工具的组合套装。这就好比台式机,核心部件是主机。主机就相当于 IDE 的代码编辑器和编译器,有了它们,开发者就可以进行基本的编程工作。然而,正如我们在购买台式机时,通常还会附带显示器、键盘、鼠标、U盘、摄像头等外围设备,IDE 也同样提供了一系列额外的工具和插件,比如:调试器、版本控制集成、代码补全、代码重构工具等。这些“外围设备”让开发过程更加高效、直观,并且能够满足更多的开发需求,使得 IDE 成为一个完整的开发环境。</li><li>② 严格来讲, VS Code 属于编辑器,而不是 IDE;但是,可以通过安装各种插件,来完成 IDE 的功能;而 Visual Studio 和 CLion 属于 IDE。</li><li>③ 在实际开发中,使用 IDE 进行编程并不是一种非常丢人的事情。而使用编辑器,如:<code>记事本</code>、<code>vi/vim</code> 等,进行编程,也并不是一件非常骄傲的事情。可能有些人会在网上发布这样的言论:“学习编程,刚开始需要使用<code>记事本</code>或 <code>vi/vim</code>等简单的编辑器软件,不要使用 IDE ”,目的可能是为了让初学者熟悉编程的基础概念和语法,并避免依赖 IDE 的辅助功能。但是,这种方法或许可以起到锻炼基础技能的功能,但这并不意味着 IDE 就不适合初学者。事实上,许多 IDE 还提供了初学者友好的界面和工具,可以帮助新手更快地入门和理解编程。</li></ul></div><h2 id="_1-4-ide-的安装和配置" tabindex="-1">1.4 IDE 的安装和配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-ide-的安装和配置" aria-label="Permalink to "1.4 IDE 的安装和配置""></a></h2><h3 id="_1-4-1-clion" tabindex="-1">1.4.1 CLion <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-1-clion" aria-label="Permalink to "1.4.1 CLion""></a></h3><h4 id="_1-4-1-1-概述" tabindex="-1">1.4.1.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-1-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to "1.4.1.1 概述""></a></h4><ul><li><a href="https://www.jetbrains.com/clion/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">CLion</a> 是一款由 JetBrains 推出的跨平台 C/C++ 集成开发环境(IDE),它具有智能编辑器、CMake 构建支持、调试器、单元测试、代码分析等功能,可以极大提高 C/C++ 开发效率。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 本次,演示的 CLion 的安装版本是 2024.1.4 ,后续版本可能会更新,但是操作几乎不会发生太多变化!!!</li><li>② CLion 作为一个 IDE,本身就携带了各个平台(操作系统)的 C 语言编译器,如:Windows 中就是 MinGW;但是,CLion 中自带的 C 语言编译器版本可能并非我们实际开发所想要的,这也是在 Windows 中,为什么推荐使用 MSYS2 的原因所在。</li></ul></div><h4 id="_1-4-1-2-安装" tabindex="-1">1.4.1.2 安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-1-2-安装" aria-label="Permalink to "1.4.1.2 安装""></a></h4><ul><li>鼠标双击,进入安装:</li></ul><p><img src="'+I+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>下一步:</li></ul><p><img src="'+N+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>下一步:</li></ul><p><img src="'+R+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>下一步:</li></ul><p><img src="'+V+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装:</li></ul><p><img src="'+G+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装完成:</li></ul><p><img src="'+X+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h4 id="_1-4-1-3-配置" tabindex="-1">1.4.1.3 配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-1-3-配置" aria-label="Permalink to "1.4.1.3 配置""></a></h4><ul><li>打开 CLion :</li></ul><p><img src="'+$+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装中文插件(可选):</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>对于以中文、韩语和日语为母语的开发者,CLion 在 2024.2 之后的版本就绑定了本地化插件,即不需要再安装本地化插件了。</p></div><p><img src="'+H+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+K+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>配置新 UI :</li></ul><p><img src="'+Q+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+J+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>新 UI 配置自定义字体(可选):</li></ul><p><img src="'+Y+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>配置<code>自动保存</code>功能:</li></ul><p><img src="'+j+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>配置<code>文件编码</code> 为 UTF-8:</li></ul><p><img src="'+Z+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>配置<code>控制台编码</code>为 UTF-8:</li></ul><p><img src="'+ss+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>配置<code>显示方法分隔符</code>功能:</li></ul><p><img src="'+as+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>配置<code>编辑器</code>的字体(可选):</li></ul><p><img src="'+is+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>检测 GCC 工具链是否安装成功:</li></ul><p><img src="'+ns+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_1-4-2-vs-code" tabindex="-1">1.4.2 VS Code <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-2-vs-code" aria-label="Permalink to "1.4.2 VS Code""></a></h3><h4 id="_1-4-2-1-概述" tabindex="-1">1.4.2.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-2-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to "1.4.2.1 概述""></a></h4><ul><li><a href="https://code.visualstudio.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Visual Studio Code (VS Code)</a> 是一个免费的开源代码编辑器,适用于 Windows、MacOS 和 Linux 平台。它支持语法高亮、智能代码补全(IntelliSense)、内置调试工具和Git集成。用户可以通过扩展来添加更多功能,如:支持新的编程语言、主题和调试工具。VS Code 还支持在微软 Azure 上进行部署和托管,适用于各种编程语言和框架。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① Visual Studio Code 需要安装对应的插件,才能运行 C/C++ 代码。</li><li>② Visual Studio Code 除了开源免费的优点之外,还有一个优点就是插件巨多(几乎所有主流的编程语言都提供有对应的插件),这也是很多程序员喜欢使用它的原因。</li></ul></div><h4 id="_1-4-2-2-安装" tabindex="-1">1.4.2.2 安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-2-2-安装" aria-label="Permalink to "1.4.2.2 安装""></a></h4><ul><li>鼠标双击,进入安装:</li></ul><p><img src="'+ls+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>同意协议:</li></ul><p><img src="'+es+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>下一步:</li></ul><p><img src="'+ps+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>下一步:</li></ul><p><img src="'+ts+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>下一步:</li></ul><p><img src="'+rs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装:</li></ul><p><img src="'+cs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装过程:</li></ul><p><img src="'+hs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装完成:</li></ul><p><img src="'+ds+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h4 id="_1-4-2-3-配置" tabindex="-1">1.4.2.3 配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-2-3-配置" aria-label="Permalink to "1.4.2.3 配置""></a></h4><ul><li>安装<code>中文</code>插件:</li></ul><p><img src="'+os+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+ks+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装 <code>C/C++</code> 插件:</li></ul><p><img src="'+us+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+gs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_1-4-3-microsoft-visual-studio" tabindex="-1">1.4.3 Microsoft Visual Studio <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-3-microsoft-visual-studio" aria-label="Permalink to "1.4.3 Microsoft Visual Studio""></a></h3><h4 id="_1-4-3-1-概述" tabindex="-1">1.4.3.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-3-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to "1.4.3.1 概述""></a></h4><ul><li><a href="https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Visual Studio</a>(简称 VS)是由微软公司发布的集成开发环境。它包括了整个软件生命周期中所需要的大部分工具,如:UML 工具、代码管控工具、项目版本控制 Git 等。</li><li>Visual Studio 支持 C/C++、C#、F#、VB 等多种程序语言的开发和测试,可以用于生成 Web 应用程序,也可以生成桌面应用程序,功能十分强大,但下载和安装很可能耗时数小时,还可能会塞满磁盘。</li><li>Visual Studio 有三种版本:社区版(免费,不支持企业使用),专业版(收费)和企业版(收费)。企业版拥有面向架构师的功能、高级调试和测试,这些功能是另外两种版本所没有的。</li><li>Visual Studio 旨在成为世界上最好的 IDE(集成开发环境),号称“宇宙第一强大 IDE”。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>本次,演示的 Visual Studio 的安装版本是 Visual Studio 2022 ,后续版本可能会更新,但是操作几乎不会发生太多变化!!!</p></div><h4 id="_1-4-3-2-安装" tabindex="-1">1.4.3.2 安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-3-2-安装" aria-label="Permalink to "1.4.3.2 安装""></a></h4><ul><li>鼠标双击,进入安装:</li></ul><p><img src="'+bs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>继续:</li></ul><p><img src="'+ms+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>等待:</li></ul><p><img src="'+Cs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>工作负荷(使用 C++ 的桌面开发):</li></ul><p><img src="'+ys+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>单个组件:</li></ul><p><img src="'+Es+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>语言包:</li></ul><p><img src="'+Fs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装位置(修改默认的安装位置):</li></ul><p><img src="'+_s+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>如果不是第一次安装,可能会出现<code>共享组件、工具和 SDK</code>不可以修改,即:</li></ul><p><img src="'+vs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>此时,就需要打开<code>注册表编辑器</code>,将如下图中的除了第一个选项,全部删除,然后关闭再重新安装,即:</li></ul><p><img src="'+Bs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>开始安装:</li></ul><p><img src="'+fs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装中:</li></ul><p><img src="'+As+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装完成,然后关闭:</li></ul><p><img src="'+Ds+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h4 id="_1-4-3-3-配置" tabindex="-1">1.4.3.3 配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-3-3-配置" aria-label="Permalink to "1.4.3.3 配置""></a></h4><ul><li>在开始菜单处,启动 VS :</li></ul><p><img src="'+xs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>登录或跳过该选项(有微软账号就注册,没有就暂时跳过):</li></ul><p><img src="'+qs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>继续:</li></ul><p><img src="'+ws+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>注册 VS :</li></ul><p><img src="'+Ss+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>填写注册码:</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① Pro 版本:<code>TD244-P4NB7-YQ6XK-Y8MMM-YWV2J</code></li><li>② Enterprise 版本:<code>VHF9H-NXBBB-638P6-6JHCY-88JWH</code></li></ul></div><p><img src="'+Ls+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+zs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_1-5-什么是工程-项目" tabindex="-1">1.5 什么是工程/项目 ? <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-5-什么是工程-项目" aria-label="Permalink to "1.5 什么是工程/项目 ?""></a></h2><h3 id="_1-5-1-概述" tabindex="-1">1.5.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-5-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to "1.5.1 概述""></a></h3><ul><li>一个真正的软件往往包含多项功能,每一项功能都需要几十行、几千行甚至几万行的代码,如果我们将这些代码都放到一个源文件中,不但打开的速度极慢,代码的编写和维护也会变得非常困难。</li><li>在实际开发中,随着软件规模的增加,代码的复杂性也会显著提升,为了提高代码的易读性、维护性等,程序员会将代码按照功能分别放到不同的源文件中。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>需要说明的是,一个真正的软件除了源代码之外,往往还会包括图片、视频、音频、库(框架)等其它资源,这些也是一个个的文件。</p></div><ul><li>为了有效的管理这些种类繁杂、数目众多的文件,我们会将这些文件按照功能放到不同的目录中进行统一管理,并且这个目录下只存放与当前程序有关的资源。其实,这就是工程或项目。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>总结:</p><ul><li>① 随着软件规模的增加,代码的复杂性也会显著提升。将代码分割成多个模块或文件并分别管理,可以减少每个文件的复杂度,使代码更易读、易理解、易维护。工程提供了一个结构化的环境,将这些文件组织在一个系统化的目录结构中。</li><li>② 除了代码,软件开发还涉及到各种资源的管理,如:图片、音频、视频、配置文件等。工程能够帮助开发者将这些资源合理地分类存放,并与代码一同管理,确保它们在开发、编译和运行时能被正确引用。</li></ul></div><ul><li>许多 IDE 都提供了工程或项目的概念,其目的就是为了帮助开发者合理的管理软件开发中所需要的资源,如:图片、视频、音频、库(框架)等。</li></ul><p><img src="'+Ps+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_1-5-2-工程类型-项目类型" tabindex="-1">1.5.2 工程类型/项目类型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-5-2-工程类型-项目类型" aria-label="Permalink to "1.5.2 工程类型/项目类型""></a></h3><ul><li><p>程序或软件是一个非常宽泛的概念,它可以细分为很多种类,如下所示:</p><ul><li>控制台程序(Console Application):控制台程序是一种不具备图形用户界面的程序,它通过文本方式与用户交互,通常运行在命令行窗口(黑底白字的终端),如:Unix/Linux 中的<code>ls</code>命令、Windows 中的<code>cmd.exe</code>等。</li><li>GUI 程序(Graphical User Interface Program):GUI 程序是一种具有图形用户界面的程序,通过窗口、按钮、菜单等图形控件与用户交互,如:微信、QQ 等。</li><li>静态库和动态库:不单独出现,而是作为其它程序的一个组成部分,普通用户很难接触到它们。 <ul><li>静态库指的是在编译时包含到程序中的库,程序不依赖外部文件运行,如:在 C/C++ 中,静态库通常以<code>.lib</code>(Windows)或<code>.a</code>(Unix/Linux)为扩展名。</li><li>动态库指的是在运行时加载的库,允许多个程序共享,并且程序在运行时依赖这些库,如: 在Windows中,动态库通常以<code>.dll</code>为扩展名;在 Unix/Linux 中,以<code>.so</code>为扩展名。</li></ul></li></ul></li><li><p>不同类型的程序(控制台程序、GUI 程序、静态库、动态库等)需要不同的配置和文件结构,因此在 IDE 中创建项目时,选择正确的工程类型非常重要。不同的工程类型决定了 IDE 为我们生成的初始文件、目录结构,以及预设的一些编译和链接参数。</p></li></ul><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><ul><li>① 控制台程序适合初学者,因为它更简单,没有复杂的界面元素,开发时可以专注于逻辑和代码本身。</li><li>② 而 GUI 程序则涉及到用户界面设计和事件驱动编程,更适合有一定编程基础的人进行学习和开发。</li></ul></div><h1 id="第二章-c-语言入门-helloworld-⭐" tabindex="-1">第二章:C 语言入门(HelloWorld,⭐) <a class="header-anchor" href="#第二章-c-语言入门-helloworld-⭐" aria-label="Permalink to "第二章:C 语言入门(HelloWorld,⭐)""></a></h1><h2 id="_2-1-手动版" tabindex="-1">2.1 手动版 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-1-手动版" aria-label="Permalink to "2.1 手动版""></a></h2><ul><li>① 新建一个 <code>HelloWorld.c</code> 的文件:</li></ul><p><img src="'+Ws+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>② 通过<code>记事本</code>等软件打开该文件,输入如下的代码,并保存:</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> <stdio.h></span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> main</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(){</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> main</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(){</span></span>
|
||||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"Hello World"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"Hello World"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
|
||||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><p><img src="`+Ws+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>③ 通过 <code>gcc</code> 命令编译该文件:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.c</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.exe</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+Ms+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>④ 执行:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">./HelloWorld.exe</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+Us+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_2-2-vs-code-版" tabindex="-1">2.2 VS Code 版 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-2-vs-code-版" aria-label="Permalink to "2.2 VS Code 版""></a></h2><ul><li>① 新建一个<code>空</code>文件夹(目录),用于存放代码:</li></ul><p><img src="'+Os+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>② 通过 <code>vscode</code> 打开该目录:</li></ul><p><img src="'+Is+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>③ 在 <code>vscode</code> 中新建 <code>HelloWorld.c</code> 文件:</li></ul><p><img src="'+Ns+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>④ 设置 VSCode 中 C/C++ 的代码格式为行尾风格(可选):</li></ul><p><img src="'+Rs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+Vs+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑤ 编写如下的代码,并保存:</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> <stdio.h></span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><p><img src="`+Ts+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>③ 通过 <code>gcc</code> 命令编译该文件:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.c</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.exe</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+Ms+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>④ 执行:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">./HelloWorld.exe</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+Us+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_2-2-vs-code-版" tabindex="-1">2.2 VS Code 版 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-2-vs-code-版" aria-label="Permalink to "2.2 VS Code 版""></a></h2><ul><li>① 新建一个<code>空</code>文件夹(目录),用于存放代码:</li></ul><p><img src="'+Os+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>② 通过 <code>vscode</code> 打开该目录:</li></ul><p><img src="'+Is+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>③ 在 <code>vscode</code> 中新建 <code>HelloWorld.c</code> 文件:</li></ul><p><img src="'+Ns+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>④ 设置 VSCode 中 C/C++ 的代码格式为行尾风格(可选):</li></ul><p><img src="'+Rs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+Vs+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑤ 编写如下的代码,并保存:</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> <stdio.h></span></span>
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||||||
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> main</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(){</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> main</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(){</span></span>
|
||||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"Hello World"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
|
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"Hello World"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
|
||||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
|
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
|
||||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><p><img src="`+Gs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑥ 通过 <code>gcc</code> 命令编译该文件:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.c</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.exe</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+Xs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑦ 执行:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">./HelloWorld.exe</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+$s+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑧ 安装 Code Runner 插件(步骤略),实现右键直接编译执行(可选):</li></ul><p><img src="'+Hs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_2-3-vs-版" tabindex="-1">2.3 VS 版 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-3-vs-版" aria-label="Permalink to "2.3 VS 版""></a></h2><ul><li>① 新建空项目:</li></ul><p><img src="'+Ks+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+Qs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+Ys+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+js+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>② 打开<code>解决方案资源管理器</code>:</li></ul><p><img src="'+Js+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+Zs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>③ 新建 <code>HelloWorld.c</code> 文件:</li></ul><p><img src="'+sa+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>④ 编写如下代码,并保存:</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> <stdio.h></span></span>
|
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><p><img src="`+Gs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑥ 通过 <code>gcc</code> 命令编译该文件:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.c</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.exe</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+Xs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑦ 执行:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">./HelloWorld.exe</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+$s+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑧ 安装 Code Runner 插件(步骤略),实现右键直接编译执行(可选):</li></ul><p><img src="'+Hs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_2-3-vs-版" tabindex="-1">2.3 VS 版 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-3-vs-版" aria-label="Permalink to "2.3 VS 版""></a></h2><ul><li>① 新建空项目:</li></ul><p><img src="'+Ks+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+Qs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+Js+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+Ys+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>② 打开<code>解决方案资源管理器</code>:</li></ul><p><img src="'+js+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+Zs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>③ 新建 <code>HelloWorld.c</code> 文件:</li></ul><p><img src="'+sa+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>④ 编写如下代码,并保存:</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> <stdio.h></span></span>
|
||||||
<span class="line"></span>
|
<span class="line"></span>
|
||||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> main</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(){</span></span>
|
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> main</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(){</span></span>
|
||||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"Hello World"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
|
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"Hello World"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
|
||||||
@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ import{_ as s,c as a,o as i,a6 as n}from"./chunks/framework.hMCIpNYY.js";const l
|
|||||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;">// 编译器将在系统的标准头文件目录中查找文件。</span></span>
|
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;">// 编译器将在系统的标准头文件目录中查找文件。</span></span>
|
||||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> <filename></span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;">// 用于包含用户自定义的头文件。</span></span>
|
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> <filename></span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;">// 用于包含用户自定义的头文件。</span></span>
|
||||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;">// 编译器首先在当前目录中查找文件,如果未找到,再在标准头文件目录中查找。</span></span>
|
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;">// 编译器首先在当前目录中查找文件,如果未找到,再在标准头文件目录中查找。</span></span>
|
||||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> "filename"</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><h1 id="第六章-clion-高级配置-⭐" tabindex="-1">第六章:CLion 高级配置(⭐) <a class="header-anchor" href="#第六章-clion-高级配置-⭐" aria-label="Permalink to "第六章:CLion 高级配置(⭐)""></a></h1><h2 id="_6-1-安装和配置-wsl2" tabindex="-1">6.1 安装和配置 WSL2 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_6-1-安装和配置-wsl2" aria-label="Permalink to "6.1 安装和配置 WSL2""></a></h2><h3 id="_6-1-1-概述" tabindex="-1">6.1.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_6-1-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to "6.1.1 概述""></a></h3><ul><li>WSL2,全称为 Windows Subsystem for Linux 2,是微软提供的一种技术,允许用户在 Windows 操作系统上运行 Linux 内核。WSL2 是 WSL1 的升级版,它引入了一个真正的 Linux 内核来代替 WSL1 中使用的兼容层,从而提供更高的性能和更广泛的系统调用支持。</li><li>和传统的虚拟化技术的对比,如下所示:</li></ul><p><img src="`+da+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>WSL2 的功能,如下所示:</p><ul><li>① <strong>真实的 Linux 内核</strong>:WSL2 使用了微软开发的轻量级虚拟机,它包含了一个完整的 Linux 内核。这意味着 WSL2 能够运行更多的 Linux 应用程序,并且支持更多的系统调用。</li><li>② <strong>文件系统性能提升</strong>:WSL2 的文件系统性能比 WSL1 有显著提升。对于 I/O 密集型的操作,如:编译代码或数据库操作,WSL2 能够提供更快的速度。</li><li>③ <strong>兼容性增强</strong>:由于使用了真实的 Linux 内核,WSL2 对 Linux 应用程序的兼容性大幅提高。许多在 WSL1 上不能运行或需要调整的应用程序,可以在 WSL2 上直接运行。</li><li>④ <strong>网络功能改进</strong>:WSL2 提供了更好的网络集成,能够更容易地与 Windows 上的其他网络资源进行交互。</li><li>⑤ <strong>资源使用优化</strong>:WSL2 使用轻量级虚拟机,比传统的虚拟机占用更少的资源,同时提供了类似的隔离和安全性。</li></ul></div><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>WSL2 的用途,如下所示:</p><ul><li>① <strong>开发环境</strong>:WSL2 为开发者提供了一个原生的 Linux 开发环境,而无需离开 Windows 。这对于需要在 Linux 上开发、测试或运行应用程序的开发者非常有帮助。</li><li>② <strong>学习和实验</strong>:用户可以使用 WSL2 在 Windows 上学习和实验 Linux 命令行工具和应用程序,而无需设置双重引导系统或安装虚拟机。</li><li>③ <strong>多平台开发</strong>:对于跨平台开发者来说,WSL2 允许他们在一个操作系统上同时进行 Windows 和 Linux 平台的开发和测试,提高工作效率。</li><li>④ <strong>运行 Linux 工具和应用程序</strong>:WSL2 支持在 Windows 上直接运行各种 Linux 工具和应用程序,如:Docker、数据库、编程语言环境等。</li></ul></div><h3 id="_6-1-2-wsl2-的安装" tabindex="-1">6.1.2 WSL2 的安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_6-1-2-wsl2-的安装" aria-label="Permalink to "6.1.2 WSL2 的安装""></a></h3><ul><li>① BIOS 或 UEFI 中,开启虚拟化:步骤略。</li></ul><p><img src="'+oa+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>② 查看是否开启了虚拟化:</li></ul><p><img src="'+ka+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>③ 启用适用于 Linux 的 Windows 子系统:</li></ul><div class="language-powershell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">powershell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">dism.exe</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> /</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">online </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">/</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">enable-feature</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> /</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">featurename:Microsoft</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">-</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">Windows</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">-</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">Subsystem</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">-</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">Linux </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">/</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">all </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">/</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">norestart</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><p>以管理员身份打开 PowerShell 并运行,执行完上述命令之后,如果提示需要重启计算机,那就重启计算机。</p></div><p><img src="'+ua+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>④ 启用虚拟机功能:</li></ul><div class="language-powershell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">powershell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">dism.exe</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> /</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">online </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">/</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">enable-feature</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> /</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">featurename:VirtualMachinePlatform </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">/</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">all </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">/</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">norestart</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><p>以管理员身份打开 PowerShell 并运行,执行完上述命令之后,如果提示需要重启计算机,那就重启计算机。</p></div><p><img src="'+ga+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑤ 更新 Linux 内核包:</li></ul><div class="language-powershell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">powershell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">wsl </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">--</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">update</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>wsl2 的最新 Linux 内核包托管在 GitHub 上,某些国家可能会污染 Github 相关的域名,那么就需要手动下载,然后安装即可,下载地址在<a href="https://wslstorestorage.blob.core.windows.net/wslblob/wsl_update_x64.msi" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">这里</a>。</p></div><p><img src="'+ba+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑥ 将 wsl2 设置为默认版本:</li></ul><div class="language-powershell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">powershell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">wsl </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">--</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">set-default</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">-</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">version </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">2</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+ma+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑦ 查看官方在线支持的 Linux 版本:</li></ul><div class="language-powershell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">powershell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">wsl </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">--</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">list </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">--</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">online</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+Ca+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑧ 安装指定版本的 Linux :</li></ul><div class="language-powershell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">powershell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">wsl </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">--</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">install Ubuntu</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">-</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">24.04</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>官方支持的 Linux 版本,托管在 Github 上,某些国家可能会污染 Github 的域名;此时,要么走科学上网,要么在 <code>Microsoft Store</code> 中搜索并安装。</p></div><p><img src="'+Ea+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑨ 在 Microsoft Store 中搜索并安装(可选):</li></ul><p><img src="'+ya+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑩ 查询本地安装的 Linux 版本:</li></ul><div class="language-powershell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">powershell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">wsl </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">--</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">list</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+Fa+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_6-1-3-配置-wsl2" tabindex="-1">6.1.3 配置 WSL2 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_6-1-3-配置-wsl2" aria-label="Permalink to "6.1.3 配置 WSL2""></a></h3><ul><li>本人的安装的是 AlmaLinux9 ,所以需要执行如下命令,以便安装 cmake 相关工具链:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> dnf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> update</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 更新包管理器 </span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> "filename"</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><h1 id="第六章-clion-高级配置-⭐" tabindex="-1">第六章:CLion 高级配置(⭐) <a class="header-anchor" href="#第六章-clion-高级配置-⭐" aria-label="Permalink to "第六章:CLion 高级配置(⭐)""></a></h1><h2 id="_6-1-安装和配置-wsl2" tabindex="-1">6.1 安装和配置 WSL2 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_6-1-安装和配置-wsl2" aria-label="Permalink to "6.1 安装和配置 WSL2""></a></h2><h3 id="_6-1-1-概述" tabindex="-1">6.1.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_6-1-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to "6.1.1 概述""></a></h3><ul><li>WSL2,全称为 Windows Subsystem for Linux 2,是微软提供的一种技术,允许用户在 Windows 操作系统上运行 Linux 内核。WSL2 是 WSL1 的升级版,它引入了一个真正的 Linux 内核来代替 WSL1 中使用的兼容层,从而提供更高的性能和更广泛的系统调用支持。</li><li>和传统的虚拟化技术的对比,如下所示:</li></ul><p><img src="`+da+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>WSL2 的功能,如下所示:</p><ul><li>① <strong>真实的 Linux 内核</strong>:WSL2 使用了微软开发的轻量级虚拟机,它包含了一个完整的 Linux 内核。这意味着 WSL2 能够运行更多的 Linux 应用程序,并且支持更多的系统调用。</li><li>② <strong>文件系统性能提升</strong>:WSL2 的文件系统性能比 WSL1 有显著提升。对于 I/O 密集型的操作,如:编译代码或数据库操作,WSL2 能够提供更快的速度。</li><li>③ <strong>兼容性增强</strong>:由于使用了真实的 Linux 内核,WSL2 对 Linux 应用程序的兼容性大幅提高。许多在 WSL1 上不能运行或需要调整的应用程序,可以在 WSL2 上直接运行。</li><li>④ <strong>网络功能改进</strong>:WSL2 提供了更好的网络集成,能够更容易地与 Windows 上的其他网络资源进行交互。</li><li>⑤ <strong>资源使用优化</strong>:WSL2 使用轻量级虚拟机,比传统的虚拟机占用更少的资源,同时提供了类似的隔离和安全性。</li></ul></div><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>WSL2 的用途,如下所示:</p><ul><li>① <strong>开发环境</strong>:WSL2 为开发者提供了一个原生的 Linux 开发环境,而无需离开 Windows 。这对于需要在 Linux 上开发、测试或运行应用程序的开发者非常有帮助。</li><li>② <strong>学习和实验</strong>:用户可以使用 WSL2 在 Windows 上学习和实验 Linux 命令行工具和应用程序,而无需设置双重引导系统或安装虚拟机。</li><li>③ <strong>多平台开发</strong>:对于跨平台开发者来说,WSL2 允许他们在一个操作系统上同时进行 Windows 和 Linux 平台的开发和测试,提高工作效率。</li><li>④ <strong>运行 Linux 工具和应用程序</strong>:WSL2 支持在 Windows 上直接运行各种 Linux 工具和应用程序,如:Docker、数据库、编程语言环境等。</li></ul></div><h3 id="_6-1-2-wsl2-的安装" tabindex="-1">6.1.2 WSL2 的安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_6-1-2-wsl2-的安装" aria-label="Permalink to "6.1.2 WSL2 的安装""></a></h3><ul><li>① BIOS 或 UEFI 中,开启虚拟化:步骤略。</li></ul><p><img src="'+oa+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>② 查看是否开启了虚拟化:</li></ul><p><img src="'+ka+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>③ 启用适用于 Linux 的 Windows 子系统:</li></ul><div class="language-powershell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">powershell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">dism.exe</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> /</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">online </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">/</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">enable-feature</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> /</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">featurename:Microsoft</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">-</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">Windows</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">-</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">Subsystem</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">-</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">Linux </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">/</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">all </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">/</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">norestart</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><p>以管理员身份打开 PowerShell 并运行,执行完上述命令之后,如果提示需要重启计算机,那就重启计算机。</p></div><p><img src="'+ua+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>④ 启用虚拟机功能:</li></ul><div class="language-powershell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">powershell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">dism.exe</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> /</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">online </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">/</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">enable-feature</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> /</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">featurename:VirtualMachinePlatform </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">/</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">all </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">/</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">norestart</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><p>以管理员身份打开 PowerShell 并运行,执行完上述命令之后,如果提示需要重启计算机,那就重启计算机。</p></div><p><img src="'+ga+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑤ 更新 Linux 内核包:</li></ul><div class="language-powershell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">powershell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">wsl </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">--</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">update</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>wsl2 的最新 Linux 内核包托管在 GitHub 上,某些国家可能会污染 Github 相关的域名,那么就需要手动下载,然后安装即可,下载地址在<a href="https://wslstorestorage.blob.core.windows.net/wslblob/wsl_update_x64.msi" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">这里</a>。</p></div><p><img src="'+ba+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑥ 将 wsl2 设置为默认版本:</li></ul><div class="language-powershell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">powershell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">wsl </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">--</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">set-default</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">-</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">version </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">2</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+ma+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑦ 查看官方在线支持的 Linux 版本:</li></ul><div class="language-powershell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">powershell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">wsl </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">--</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">list </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">--</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">online</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+Ca+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑧ 安装指定版本的 Linux :</li></ul><div class="language-powershell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">powershell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">wsl </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">--</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">install Ubuntu</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">-</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">24.04</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>官方支持的 Linux 版本,托管在 Github 上,某些国家可能会污染 Github 的域名;此时,要么走科学上网,要么在 <code>Microsoft Store</code> 中搜索并安装。</p></div><p><img src="'+ya+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑨ 在 Microsoft Store 中搜索并安装(可选):</li></ul><p><img src="'+Ea+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑩ 查询本地安装的 Linux 版本:</li></ul><div class="language-powershell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">powershell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">wsl </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">--</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">list</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+Fa+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_6-1-3-配置-wsl2" tabindex="-1">6.1.3 配置 WSL2 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_6-1-3-配置-wsl2" aria-label="Permalink to "6.1.3 配置 WSL2""></a></h3><ul><li>本人的安装的是 AlmaLinux9 ,所以需要执行如下命令,以便安装 cmake 相关工具链:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> dnf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> update</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 更新包管理器 </span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> dnf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> groupinstall</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> "Development Tools"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 安装开发工具包</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> dnf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> groupinstall</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> "Development Tools"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 安装开发工具包</span></span>
|
||||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> dnf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> gcc-c++</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 安装GCC相关工具链</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> dnf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> gcc-c++</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 安装GCC相关工具链</span></span>
|
||||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> dnf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> cmake</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 安装 cmake</span></span>
|
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> dnf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> cmake</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 安装 cmake</span></span>
|
||||||
@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ import{_ as s,c as a,o as i,a6 as n}from"./chunks/framework.hMCIpNYY.js";const l
|
|||||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -E</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 源文件.c</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 源文件.i</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><ul><li>编译(预处理和编译)命令:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 在 Linux 中,通常以 .s 结尾;在 Windows 中,通常以 .asm 结尾</span></span>
|
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -E</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 源文件.c</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 源文件.i</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><ul><li>编译(预处理和编译)命令:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 在 Linux 中,通常以 .s 结尾;在 Windows 中,通常以 .asm 结尾</span></span>
|
||||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -S</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 源文件.i</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 源文件.s</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><ul><li>汇编(预处理、编译和汇编)命令:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 在 Linux 中,通常以 .o 结尾;在 Windows 中,通常以 .obj 结尾</span></span>
|
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -S</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 源文件.i</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 源文件.s</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><ul><li>汇编(预处理、编译和汇编)命令:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 在 Linux 中,通常以 .o 结尾;在 Windows 中,通常以 .obj 结尾</span></span>
|
||||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -c</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 源文件.s</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 源文件.o</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><ul><li>链接(预处理、编译、汇编和链接)命令:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 在 Linux 中,通常以 .out 结尾;在 Windows 中,通常以 .exe 结尾</span></span>
|
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -c</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 源文件.s</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 源文件.o</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><ul><li>链接(预处理、编译、汇编和链接)命令:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 在 Linux 中,通常以 .out 结尾;在 Windows 中,通常以 .exe 结尾</span></span>
|
||||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 源文件.o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 源文件.exe</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><h3 id="_7-4-2-应用示例" tabindex="-1">7.4.2 应用示例 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_7-4-2-应用示例" aria-label="Permalink to "7.4.2 应用示例""></a></h3><ul><li>示例:只进行预处理</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -E</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.c</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.i</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="`+Pa+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>示例:只进行预处理和编译</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -S</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.i</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.s</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+Ta+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>示例:只进行预处理、编译和汇编</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -c</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.s</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.o</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+Wa+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>示例:进行预处理、编译、汇编和链接</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.exe</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+Ma+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h1 id="第八章-附录" tabindex="-1">第八章:附录 <a class="header-anchor" href="#第八章-附录" aria-label="Permalink to "第八章:附录""></a></h1><h2 id="_8-1-wsl2-代理问题" tabindex="-1">8.1 WSL2 代理问题 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-1-wsl2-代理问题" aria-label="Permalink to "8.1 WSL2 代理问题""></a></h2><ul><li>在安装和配置 WSL2 之后,可能会出现如下的提示,即:</li></ul><p><img src="'+Ua+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>那么,只需要修改 <code>%USERPROFILE%\\.wslconfig</code>文件,内容如下:</li></ul><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span>[wsl2]</span></span>
|
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 源文件.o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 源文件.exe</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><h3 id="_7-4-2-应用示例" tabindex="-1">7.4.2 应用示例 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_7-4-2-应用示例" aria-label="Permalink to "7.4.2 应用示例""></a></h3><ul><li>示例:只进行预处理</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -E</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.c</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.i</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="`+Pa+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>示例:只进行预处理和编译</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -S</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.i</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.s</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+Wa+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>示例:只进行预处理、编译和汇编</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -c</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.s</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.o</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+Ta+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>示例:进行预处理、编译、汇编和链接</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.exe</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+Ma+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h1 id="第八章-附录" tabindex="-1">第八章:附录 <a class="header-anchor" href="#第八章-附录" aria-label="Permalink to "第八章:附录""></a></h1><h2 id="_8-1-wsl2-代理问题" tabindex="-1">8.1 WSL2 代理问题 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-1-wsl2-代理问题" aria-label="Permalink to "8.1 WSL2 代理问题""></a></h2><ul><li>在安装和配置 WSL2 之后,可能会出现如下的提示,即:</li></ul><p><img src="'+Ua+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>那么,只需要修改 <code>%USERPROFILE%\\.wslconfig</code>文件,内容如下:</li></ul><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span>[wsl2]</span></span>
|
||||||
<span class="line"><span>networkingMode=mirrored</span></span>
|
<span class="line"><span>networkingMode=mirrored</span></span>
|
||||||
<span class="line"><span>dnsTunneling=true</span></span>
|
<span class="line"><span>dnsTunneling=true</span></span>
|
||||||
<span class="line"><span>firewall=true</span></span>
|
<span class="line"><span>firewall=true</span></span>
|
||||||
@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ import{_ as s,c as a,o as i,a6 as n}from"./chunks/framework.hMCIpNYY.js";const l
|
|||||||
<span class="line"><span> target_sources(\${EXECUTABLE_NAME} PRIVATE \${MODULE_SOURCES})</span></span>
|
<span class="line"><span> target_sources(\${EXECUTABLE_NAME} PRIVATE \${MODULE_SOURCES})</span></span>
|
||||||
<span class="line"><span> endif ()</span></span>
|
<span class="line"><span> endif ()</span></span>
|
||||||
<span class="line"><span> endif ()</span></span>
|
<span class="line"><span> endif ()</span></span>
|
||||||
<span class="line"><span>endforeach ()</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br></div></div><ul><li>在 CLion 中正常运行代码:</li></ul><p><img src="`+Ya+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>在 CLion 中通过 valgrind 运行代码:</li></ul><p><img src="'+ja+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_8-4-性能分析" tabindex="-1">8.4 性能分析 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-4-性能分析" aria-label="Permalink to "8.4 性能分析""></a></h2><h3 id="_8-4-1-概述" tabindex="-1">8.4.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-4-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to "8.4.1 概述""></a></h3><ul><li><code>perf</code> 是一个 Linux 下的性能分析工具,主要用于监控和分析系统性能。它可以帮助开发者和系统管理员了解系统中哪些部分在消耗资源、识别性能瓶颈以及分析程序的运行效率。</li></ul><h3 id="_8-4-2-安装" tabindex="-1">8.4.2 安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-4-2-安装" aria-label="Permalink to "8.4.2 安装""></a></h3><h4 id="_8-4-2-1-almalinux9" tabindex="-1">8.4.2.1 AlmaLinux9 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-4-2-1-almalinux9" aria-label="Permalink to "8.4.2.1 AlmaLinux9""></a></h4><ul><li>在 WSL2 中的 AlmaLinux 安装 perf :</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">dnf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> perf</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+Ja+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h4 id="_8-4-2-2-ubuntu-22-04" tabindex="-1">8.4.2.2 Ubuntu 22.04 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-4-2-2-ubuntu-22-04" aria-label="Permalink to "8.4.2.2 Ubuntu 22.04""></a></h4><ul><li>在 WSL2 中的 Ubuntu 安装 perf :</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> update</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> \\</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span>endforeach ()</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br></div></div><ul><li>在 CLion 中正常运行代码:</li></ul><p><img src="`+Ja+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>在 CLion 中通过 valgrind 运行代码:</li></ul><p><img src="'+Ya+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_8-4-性能分析" tabindex="-1">8.4 性能分析 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-4-性能分析" aria-label="Permalink to "8.4 性能分析""></a></h2><h3 id="_8-4-1-概述" tabindex="-1">8.4.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-4-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to "8.4.1 概述""></a></h3><ul><li><code>perf</code> 是一个 Linux 下的性能分析工具,主要用于监控和分析系统性能。它可以帮助开发者和系统管理员了解系统中哪些部分在消耗资源、识别性能瓶颈以及分析程序的运行效率。</li></ul><h3 id="_8-4-2-安装" tabindex="-1">8.4.2 安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-4-2-安装" aria-label="Permalink to "8.4.2 安装""></a></h3><h4 id="_8-4-2-1-almalinux9" tabindex="-1">8.4.2.1 AlmaLinux9 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-4-2-1-almalinux9" aria-label="Permalink to "8.4.2.1 AlmaLinux9""></a></h4><ul><li>在 WSL2 中的 AlmaLinux 安装 perf :</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">dnf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> perf</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+ja+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h4 id="_8-4-2-2-ubuntu-22-04" tabindex="-1">8.4.2.2 Ubuntu 22.04 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-4-2-2-ubuntu-22-04" aria-label="Permalink to "8.4.2.2 Ubuntu 22.04""></a></h4><ul><li>在 WSL2 中的 Ubuntu 安装 perf :</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> update</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> \\</span></span>
|
||||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> && </span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> linux-tools-common</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> \\</span></span>
|
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> && </span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> linux-tools-common</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> \\</span></span>
|
||||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> linux-tools-generic</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> linux-tools-</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">$(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">uname</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -r</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><p><img src="`+Za+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>之所以报错的原因,在于 WSL2 中的 Ubuntu 的内核是定制化的(微软自己维护的),并非 Ubuntu 的母公司 Canonical 发布的标准内核,所以需要我们手动编译安装。</p></div><ul><li>查看内核版本:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">uname</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -sr</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+si+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>设置环境变量,方便后续引用:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">export</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> KERNEL_VERSION</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">$(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">uname</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -r</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> |</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> cut</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -d</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'-'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -f1</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+ai+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装依赖库:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> update</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> && </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">\\</span></span>
|
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> linux-tools-generic</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> linux-tools-</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">$(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">uname</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -r</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><p><img src="`+Za+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>之所以报错的原因,在于 WSL2 中的 Ubuntu 的内核是定制化的(微软自己维护的),并非 Ubuntu 的母公司 Canonical 发布的标准内核,所以需要我们手动编译安装。</p></div><ul><li>查看内核版本:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">uname</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -sr</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+si+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>设置环境变量,方便后续引用:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">export</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> KERNEL_VERSION</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">$(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">uname</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -r</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> |</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> cut</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -d</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'-'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -f1</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+ai+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装依赖库:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> update</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> && </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">\\</span></span>
|
||||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> binutils-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> debuginfod</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> default-jdk</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> \\</span></span>
|
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> binutils-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> debuginfod</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> default-jdk</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> \\</span></span>
|
||||||
@ -290,4 +290,8 @@ import{_ as s,c as a,o as i,a6 as n}from"./chunks/framework.hMCIpNYY.js";const l
|
|||||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libelf++0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libbfb0-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> python-dev-is-python3</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><p><img src="`+ii+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>下载源码:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">git</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> clone</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> \\</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libelf++0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libbfb0-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> python-dev-is-python3</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><p><img src="`+ii+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>下载源码:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">git</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> clone</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> \\</span></span>
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||||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --depth</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 1</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> \\</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --depth</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 1</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> \\</span></span>
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||||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --single-branch</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --branch=linux-msft-wsl-\${</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">KERNEL_VERSION</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> \\</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --single-branch</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --branch=linux-msft-wsl-\${</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">KERNEL_VERSION</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> \\</span></span>
|
||||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> https://github.com/microsoft/WSL2-Linux-Kernel.git</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><p><img src="`+ni+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>编译内核代码:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">cd</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> WSL2-Linux-Kernel</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">make</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -j</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> $(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">nproc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">KCONFIG_CONFIG=Microsoft/config-wsl</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+li+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>编译 perf 工具:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">cd</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> tools/perf</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">make</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> clean</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> && </span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">make</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+ei+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>复制到 PATH 变量所指向的路径中:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">cp</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> perf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> /usr/bin/</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+pi+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_8-4-3-整合" tabindex="-1">8.4.3 整合 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-4-3-整合" aria-label="Permalink to "8.4.3 整合""></a></h3><ul><li>CLion 中配置 perf 的路径:</li></ul><p><img src="'+ti+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>在 CLion 中通过 perf 运行代码:</li></ul><p><img src="'+ri+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_8-5-win-中文乱码问题" tabindex="-1">8.5 Win 中文乱码问题 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-5-win-中文乱码问题" aria-label="Permalink to "8.5 Win 中文乱码问题""></a></h2><ul><li>前文,我们提及到,在 Win 中,如果出现<code>中文乱码</code>问题,就需要去<code>语言和区别</code>设置<code>系统区域</code>的编码为 UTF-8 ;但是,这样可能会造成其它的软件出现中文乱码问题,如:Xshell 等。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 之所以,修改系统的编码为 UTF-8 会出现问题,是因为早期的 Win 系统的中文默认编码是 GBK(目前也是,Win 并没有强制第三方软件使用 UTF-8 编码) ,而 Xshell 等也使用的这些编码,一旦我们修改为 UTF-8 之后,可能会造成这些第三方软件出现中文乱码问题(第三方软件适配问题,相信将来应该都会切换为 UTF-8 编码),体验较差!!!</li><li>② 在 Linux 或 MacOS 之所以不会出现中文乱码的问题,是因为这些系统默认的编码就是 UTF-8 。</li></ul></div><ul><li>其实,还有一种解决方案,如下所示:</li></ul><p><img src="'+ci+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+hi+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+di+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>测试一下,是否配置成功:</li></ul><p><img src="'+oi+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_8-6-clion-中自动导入头文件" tabindex="-1">8.6 CLion 中自动导入头文件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-6-clion-中自动导入头文件" aria-label="Permalink to "8.6 CLion 中自动导入头文件""></a></h2><ul><li>在 CLion 中,最为强大的功能就是直接输入函数,然后让 IDE 帮我们自动导入头文件,包括自定义的头文件,相当实用。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① CLion 中的<code>自动导入头文件</code>的<code>快捷键</code>是 <code>Alt + Enter</code> 。</li><li>② CLion 中的<code>自动提取变量的类型</code>的<code>快捷键</code>是 <code>Ctrl + Alt + V</code> 。</li></ul></div><p><img src="'+ki+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>开启自动导入头文件的步骤,如下所示:</li></ul><p><img src="'+ui+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+gi+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p>',572),Ci=[mi];function Ei(yi,Fi,_i,vi,Bi,fi){return i(),a("div",null,Ci)}const xi=s(bi,[["render",Ei]]);export{Di as __pageData,xi as default};
|
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> https://github.com/microsoft/WSL2-Linux-Kernel.git</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><p><img src="`+ni+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>编译内核代码:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">cd</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> WSL2-Linux-Kernel</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">make</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -j</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> $(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">nproc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">KCONFIG_CONFIG=Microsoft/config-wsl</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+li+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>编译 perf 工具:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">cd</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> tools/perf</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">make</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> clean</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> && </span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">make</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+ei+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>复制到 PATH 变量所指向的路径中:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">cp</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> perf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> /usr/bin/</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+pi+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_8-4-3-整合" tabindex="-1">8.4.3 整合 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-4-3-整合" aria-label="Permalink to "8.4.3 整合""></a></h3><ul><li>CLion 中配置 perf 的路径:</li></ul><p><img src="'+ti+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>在 CLion 中通过 perf 运行代码:</li></ul><p><img src="'+ri+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_8-5-win-中文乱码问题" tabindex="-1">8.5 Win 中文乱码问题 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-5-win-中文乱码问题" aria-label="Permalink to "8.5 Win 中文乱码问题""></a></h2><ul><li>前文,我们提及到,在 Win 中,如果出现<code>中文乱码</code>问题,就需要去<code>语言和区别</code>设置<code>系统区域</code>的编码为 UTF-8 ;但是,这样可能会造成其它的软件出现中文乱码问题,如:Xshell 等。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 之所以,修改系统的编码为 UTF-8 会出现问题,是因为早期的 Win 系统的中文默认编码是 GBK(目前也是,Win 并没有强制第三方软件使用 UTF-8 编码) ,而 Xshell 等也使用的这些编码,一旦我们修改为 UTF-8 之后,可能会造成这些第三方软件出现中文乱码问题(第三方软件适配问题,相信将来应该都会切换为 UTF-8 编码),体验较差!!!</li><li>② 在 Linux 或 MacOS 之所以不会出现中文乱码的问题,是因为这些系统默认的编码就是 UTF-8 。</li></ul></div><ul><li>其实,还有一种解决方案,如下所示:</li></ul><p><img src="'+ci+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+hi+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+di+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>测试一下,是否配置成功:</li></ul><p><img src="'+oi+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_8-6-clion-中自动导入头文件" tabindex="-1">8.6 CLion 中自动导入头文件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-6-clion-中自动导入头文件" aria-label="Permalink to "8.6 CLion 中自动导入头文件""></a></h2><ul><li>在 CLion 中,最为强大的功能就是直接输入函数,然后让 IDE 帮我们自动导入头文件,包括自定义的头文件,相当实用。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① CLion 中的<code>自动导入头文件</code>的<code>快捷键</code>是 <code>Alt + Enter</code> 。</li><li>② CLion 中的<code>自动提取变量的类型</code>的<code>快捷键</code>是 <code>Ctrl + Alt + V</code> 。</li></ul></div><p><img src="'+ki+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>开启自动导入头文件的步骤,如下所示:</li></ul><p><img src="'+ui+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+gi+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_8-7-wsl-启用-systemd" tabindex="-1">8.7 WSL 启用 systemd <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-7-wsl-启用-systemd" aria-label="Permalink to "8.7 WSL 启用 systemd""></a></h2><h3 id="_8-7-1-概述" tabindex="-1">8.7.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-7-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to "8.7.1 概述""></a></h3><ul><li>根据 <a href="https://systemd.io/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">systemd.io</a>:“systemd 是 Linux 系统的基本构建基块套件。 它提供一个系统和服务管理器,该管理器作为 PID 1 运行并启动系统的其余部分。”</li><li>Systemd 主要是一个 init 系统和服务管理器,它包括按需启动守护程序、装载和自动装载点维护、快照支持以及使用 Linux 控制组进行跟踪等功能。</li><li>大多数主要的 Linux 发行版现在都运行 systemd,因此在 WSL 上启用它可使体验更接近于使用裸机 Linux。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>默认情况下,在 WSL2 中,只有 Ubuntu 才会将 systemd 作为 pid-1 的守护进程启动整个 WSL2,而其余的 Linux 的守护进程并不是这样的。</p></div><ul><li>检查进程树,判断 systemd 是否正在运行:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">ps</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -p</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 1</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> comm=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 如果显示 systemd ,则表示 systemd 正在运行</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+bi+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_8-7-2-操作步骤" tabindex="-1">8.7.2 操作步骤 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-7-2-操作步骤" aria-label="Permalink to "8.7.2 操作步骤""></a></h3><ul><li>① 查询 WSL2 的版本,确保 WSL2 的版本为 <code>0.67.6</code> 或更高版本:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 如果未满足要求,则使用 wsl --update 更新 WSL2 版本</span></span>
|
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">wsl</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --version</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 在 win 中的 cmd 或 PowerShell</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><p><img src="`+mi+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>② 向 <code>/etc/wsl.conf</code> 配置文件中写入以下内容:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">cat</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> <<</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">EOF</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> |</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> tee</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> /etc/wsl.conf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">[boot]</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">systemd=true</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">EOF</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><p><img src="`+Ci+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>③ 重启 WSL 实例:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">wsl</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --shutdown</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 在 win 中的 cmd 或 PowerShell</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+yi+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>④ 查看是否启用成功:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">ps</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -p</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 1</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> comm=</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+Ei+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p>',592),vi=[_i];function Bi(fi,Ai,Di,xi,qi,wi){return i(),a("div",null,vi)}const zi=s(Fi,[["render",Bi]]);export{Li as __pageData,zi as default};
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id="第一章-数据类型-⭐" tabindex="-1">第一章:数据类型(⭐) <a class="header-anchor" href="#第一章-数据类型-⭐" aria-label="Permalink to "第一章:数据类型(⭐)""></a></h1><h2 id="_1-1-概述" tabindex="-1">1.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to "1.1 概述""></a></h2><ul><li><p>根据<code>变量</code>中<code>存储</code>的<code>值</code>的<code>不同</code>,我们可以将<code>变量</code>分为两类:</p><ul><li><code>普通变量</code>:变量所对应的内存中存储的是<code>普通值</code>。</li><li><code>指针变量</code>:变量所对应的内存中存储的是<code>另一个变量的地址</code>。</li></ul></li><li><p>如下图所示:</p></li></ul><p><img src="'+t+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>普通变量和指针变量的相同点:</p><ul><li>普通变量有内存空间,指针变量也有内存空间。</li><li>普通变量有内存地址,指针变量也有内存地址。</li><li>普通变量所对应的内存空间中有值,指针变量所对应的内存空间中也有值。</li></ul><p>普通变量和指针变量的不同点:</p><ul><li>普通变量所对应的内存空间存储的是普通的值,如:整数、小数、字符等;指针变量所对应的内存空间存储的是另外一个变量的地址。</li><li>普通变量有普通变量的运算方式,而指针变量有指针变量的运算方式(后续讲解)。</li></ul></div><ul><li>那么,在 C 语言中变量的数据类型就可以这么划分,如下所示:</li></ul><p><img src="'+h+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>根据<code>普通变量</code>中<code>存储</code>的<code>值</code>的类型不同,可以将<code>普通变量类型</code>划分为<code>基本数据类型</code>(整型、字符类型、浮点类型、布尔类型)和<code>复合数据类型</code>(数组类型、结构体类型、共用体类型、枚举类型)。</li><li>根据<code>指针变量</code>所<code>指向空间</code>中<code>存储</code>的<code>值</code>的类型不同,可以将<code>指针类型</code>分为<code>基本数据类型指针</code>、<code>复合数据类型指针</code>、<code>函数指针</code>、<code>数组指针</code>等,例如:如果指针所指向的空间保存的是 int 类型,那么该指针就是 int 类型的指针。</li></ul></div><h2 id="_1-2-整数类型" tabindex="-1">1.2 整数类型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-整数类型" aria-label="Permalink to "1.2 整数类型""></a></h2><h3 id="_1-2-1-概述" tabindex="-1">1.2.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to "1.2.1 概述""></a></h3><ul><li>整数类型简称整型,用于存储整数值,如:12、20、50 等。</li><li>根据所占<code>内存空间</code>大小的不同,可以将整数类型划分为:</li><li>① 短整型:</li></ul><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th>类型</th><th>存储空间(内存空间)</th><th>取值范围</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>unsigned short (无符号短整型)</td><td>2 字节</td><td>0 ~ 65,535 (2^16 - 1)</td></tr><tr><td>[signed] short(有符号短整型,默认)</td><td>2 字节</td><td>-32,768 (- 2^15) ~ 32,767 (2^15 -1)</td></tr></tbody></table><ul><li>② 整型:</li></ul><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th>类型</th><th>存储空间(内存空间)</th><th>取值范围</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>unsigned int(无符号整型)</td><td>4 字节(通常)</td><td>0 ~ 4294967295 (0 ~2^32 -1)</td></tr><tr><td>[signed] int(有符号整型,默认)</td><td>4 字节(通常)</td><td>-2147483648(- 2^31) ~ 2147483647 (2^31-1)</td></tr></tbody></table><ul><li>③ 长整型:</li></ul><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th>类型</th><th>存储空间(内存空间)</th><th>取值范围</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>unsigned long(无符号长整型)</td><td>4 字节(通常)</td><td>0 ~2^32 -1</td></tr><tr><td>[signed] long(有符号长整型,默认)</td><td>4 字节(通常)</td><td>- 2^31 ~ 2^31-1</td></tr></tbody></table><ul><li>④ 长长整型:</li></ul><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th>类型</th><th>存储空间(内存空间)</th><th>取值范围</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>unsigned long long(无符号长整型)</td><td>8 字节(通常)</td><td>0 ~2^64 -1</td></tr><tr><td>[signed] long long(有符号长整型,默认)</td><td>8 字节(通常)</td><td>- 2^63 ~ 2^63-1</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><ul><li><p>① 数据类型在内存中占用的存储单元(字节数),就称为该数据类型的长度(步长),如:short 占用 2 个字节的内存,就称 short 的长度(步长)是 2。</p></li><li><p>② C 语言并没有严格规定各种整数数据类型在内存中所占存储单元的长度,只做了宽泛的限制:</p><ul><li>short 至少占用 2 个字节的存储单元。</li><li>int 建议为一个机器字长(指计算机的处理器在一次操作中能够处理的二进制数据的位数,机器字长是处理器的“字”长度,它决定了处理器在一个时钟周期内能够处理的数据量,如:早期的计算机的处理器通常是 8 位的机器字长,意味着处理器一次只能处理 8 位(二进制)数据;之后的计算机的处理器有 16 位的机器字长,意味着处理器一次可以处理 16 位的数据;再之后计算机的处理器有 32 位或 64 位的机器字长,意味着处理器一次可以处理 32 位或 64位的数据)。即:32 位环境下 int 占用 4 个字节的存储单元,64 位环境下 int 占用 8 个字节的存储单元。</li><li>short 的长度(步长)不能大于 int,long 的长度(步长)不能小于 int,long long 不能小于 long。</li></ul></li><li><p>③ 那么,各种整数数据类型在内存中所占存储单元的长度的公式就是 <code>2 ≤ sizeof(short) ≤ sizeof(int) ≤ sizeof(long) ≤ sizeof(long long)</code>,具体的存储空间由编译系统自行决定。其中,<code>sizeof</code> 是测量类型或变量、常量长度的<code>运算符</code>。</p></li></ul></div><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><ul><li>① 之所以这么规定,是为了可以让 C 语言长久使用,因为目前主流的 CPU 都是 64 位,但是在 C 语言刚刚出现的时候,CPU 还是以 8 位和 16 位为主。如果当时就将整型定死为 8 位或 16 位,那么现在我们肯定不会再学习 C 语言了。</li><li>② 整型分为有符号 signed 和无符号 unsigned 两种,默认是 signed。</li><li>③ 在实际开发中,<code>最常用的整数类型</code>就是 <code>int</code> 类型了,如果取值范围不够,就使用 long 或 long long 。</li><li>④ C 语言中的<code>格式占位符</code>非常多,只需要大致了解即可;因为,我们在实际开发中,一般都会使用 C++ 或 Rust 以及其它的高级编程语言,如:Java 等,早已经解决了必须通过<code>格式占位符</code>来才能将变量进行输入和输出。</li></ul></div><h3 id="_1-2-2-短整型-了解" tabindex="-1">1.2.2 短整型(了解) <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-2-短整型-了解" aria-label="Permalink to "1.2.2 短整型(了解)""></a></h3><ul><li>语法:</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">unsigned</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> short</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> x </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 10</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> ;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> // 无符号短整型</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">short</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> x </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> -</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> // 有符号短整型</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 有符号表示的是正数、负数和 0 ,即有正负号。无符号表示的是 0 和正数,即正整数,没有符号。</li><li>② 在 <code>printf</code> 中<code>无符号短整型(unsigned short)</code>的<code>格式占位符</code>是 <code>%hu</code> ,<code>有符号短整型(signed short)</code>的<code>格式占位符</code>是 <code>%hd</code> 。</li><li>③ 可以通过 <code>sizeof</code> 运算符获取<code>无符号短整型(unsigned short)</code> 和 <code>有符号短整型(signed short)</code> 的<code>存储空间(所占内存空间)</code>。</li><li>③ 可以通过 <code>#include <limits.h></code> 来获取 <code>无符号短整型(unsigned short)</code> 和<code>有符号短整型(signed short)</code>的<code>取值范围</code>。</li></ul></div><ul><li>示例:定义和打印短整型变量</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> <stdio.h></span></span>
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import{_ as p,c as n,j as s,a as i,a6 as a,o as l}from"./chunks/framework.hMCIpNYY.js";const 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id="第一章-数据类型-⭐" tabindex="-1">第一章:数据类型(⭐) <a class="header-anchor" href="#第一章-数据类型-⭐" aria-label="Permalink to "第一章:数据类型(⭐)""></a></h1><h2 id="_1-1-概述" tabindex="-1">1.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to "1.1 概述""></a></h2><ul><li><p>根据<code>变量</code>中<code>存储</code>的<code>值</code>的<code>不同</code>,我们可以将<code>变量</code>分为两类:</p><ul><li><code>普通变量</code>:变量所对应的内存中存储的是<code>普通值</code>。</li><li><code>指针变量</code>:变量所对应的内存中存储的是<code>另一个变量的地址</code>。</li></ul></li><li><p>如下图所示:</p></li></ul><p><img src="'+t+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>普通变量和指针变量的相同点:</p><ul><li>普通变量有内存空间,指针变量也有内存空间。</li><li>普通变量有内存地址,指针变量也有内存地址。</li><li>普通变量所对应的内存空间中有值,指针变量所对应的内存空间中也有值。</li></ul><p>普通变量和指针变量的不同点:</p><ul><li>普通变量所对应的内存空间存储的是普通的值,如:整数、小数、字符等;指针变量所对应的内存空间存储的是另外一个变量的地址。</li><li>普通变量有普通变量的运算方式,而指针变量有指针变量的运算方式(后续讲解)。</li></ul></div><ul><li>那么,在 C 语言中变量的数据类型就可以这么划分,如下所示:</li></ul><p><img src="'+h+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>根据<code>普通变量</code>中<code>存储</code>的<code>值</code>的类型不同,可以将<code>普通变量类型</code>划分为<code>基本数据类型</code>(整型、字符类型、浮点类型、布尔类型)和<code>复合数据类型</code>(数组类型、结构体类型、共用体类型、枚举类型)。</li><li>根据<code>指针变量</code>所<code>指向空间</code>中<code>存储</code>的<code>值</code>的类型不同,可以将<code>指针类型</code>分为<code>基本数据类型指针</code>、<code>复合数据类型指针</code>、<code>函数指针</code>、<code>数组指针</code>等,例如:如果指针所指向的空间保存的是 int 类型,那么该指针就是 int 类型的指针。</li></ul></div><h2 id="_1-2-整数类型" tabindex="-1">1.2 整数类型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-整数类型" aria-label="Permalink to "1.2 整数类型""></a></h2><h3 id="_1-2-1-概述" tabindex="-1">1.2.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to "1.2.1 概述""></a></h3><ul><li>整数类型简称整型,用于存储整数值,如:12、20、50 等。</li><li>根据所占<code>内存空间</code>大小的不同,可以将整数类型划分为:</li><li>① 短整型:</li></ul><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th>类型</th><th>存储空间(内存空间)</th><th>取值范围</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>unsigned short (无符号短整型)</td><td>2 字节</td><td>0 ~ 65,535 (2^16 - 1)</td></tr><tr><td>[signed] short(有符号短整型,默认)</td><td>2 字节</td><td>-32,768 (- 2^15) ~ 32,767 (2^15 -1)</td></tr></tbody></table><ul><li>② 整型:</li></ul><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th>类型</th><th>存储空间(内存空间)</th><th>取值范围</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>unsigned int(无符号整型)</td><td>4 字节(通常)</td><td>0 ~ 4294967295 (0 ~2^32 -1)</td></tr><tr><td>[signed] int(有符号整型,默认)</td><td>4 字节(通常)</td><td>-2147483648(- 2^31) ~ 2147483647 (2^31-1)</td></tr></tbody></table><ul><li>③ 长整型:</li></ul><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th>类型</th><th>存储空间(内存空间)</th><th>取值范围</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>unsigned long(无符号长整型)</td><td>4 字节(通常)</td><td>0 ~2^32 -1</td></tr><tr><td>[signed] long(有符号长整型,默认)</td><td>4 字节(通常)</td><td>- 2^31 ~ 2^31-1</td></tr></tbody></table><ul><li>④ 长长整型:</li></ul><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th>类型</th><th>存储空间(内存空间)</th><th>取值范围</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>unsigned long long(无符号长整型)</td><td>8 字节(通常)</td><td>0 ~2^64 -1</td></tr><tr><td>[signed] long long(有符号长整型,默认)</td><td>8 字节(通常)</td><td>- 2^63 ~ 2^63-1</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><ul><li><p>① 数据类型在内存中占用的存储单元(字节数),就称为该数据类型的长度(步长),如:short 占用 2 个字节的内存,就称 short 的长度(步长)是 2。</p></li><li><p>② C 语言并没有严格规定各种整数数据类型在内存中所占存储单元的长度,只做了宽泛的限制:</p><ul><li>short 至少占用 2 个字节的存储单元。</li><li>int 建议为一个机器字长(指计算机的处理器在一次操作中能够处理的二进制数据的位数,机器字长是处理器的“字”长度,它决定了处理器在一个时钟周期内能够处理的数据量,如:早期的计算机的处理器通常是 8 位的机器字长,意味着处理器一次只能处理 8 位(二进制)数据;之后的计算机的处理器有 16 位的机器字长,意味着处理器一次可以处理 16 位的数据;再之后计算机的处理器有 32 位或 64 位的机器字长,意味着处理器一次可以处理 32 位或 64位的数据)。即:32 位环境下 int 占用 4 个字节的存储单元,64 位环境下 int 占用 8 个字节的存储单元。</li><li>short 的长度(步长)不能大于 int,long 的长度(步长)不能小于 int,long long 不能小于 long。</li></ul></li><li><p>③ 那么,各种整数数据类型在内存中所占存储单元的长度的公式就是 <code>2 ≤ sizeof(short) ≤ sizeof(int) ≤ sizeof(long) ≤ sizeof(long long)</code>,具体的存储空间由编译系统自行决定。其中,<code>sizeof</code> 是测量类型或变量、常量长度的<code>运算符</code>。</p></li></ul></div><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><ul><li>① 之所以这么规定,是为了可以让 C 语言长久使用,因为目前主流的 CPU 都是 64 位,但是在 C 语言刚刚出现的时候,CPU 还是以 8 位和 16 位为主。如果当时就将整型定死为 8 位或 16 位,那么现在我们肯定不会再学习 C 语言了。</li><li>② 整型分为有符号 signed 和无符号 unsigned 两种,默认是 signed。</li><li>③ 在实际开发中,<code>最常用的整数类型</code>就是 <code>int</code> 类型了,如果取值范围不够,就使用 long 或 long long 。</li><li>④ C 语言中的<code>格式占位符</code>非常多,只需要大致了解即可;因为,我们在实际开发中,一般都会使用 C++ 或 Rust 以及其它的高级编程语言,如:Java 等,早已经解决了必须通过<code>格式占位符</code>来才能将变量进行输入和输出。</li></ul></div><h3 id="_1-2-2-短整型-了解" tabindex="-1">1.2.2 短整型(了解) <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-2-短整型-了解" aria-label="Permalink to "1.2.2 短整型(了解)""></a></h3><ul><li>语法:</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">unsigned</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> short</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> x </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 10</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> ;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> // 无符号短整型</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">short</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> x </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> -</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> // 有符号短整型</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 有符号表示的是正数、负数和 0 ,即有正负号。无符号表示的是 0 和正数,即正整数,没有符号。</li><li>② 在 <code>printf</code> 中<code>无符号短整型(unsigned short)</code>的<code>格式占位符</code>是 <code>%hu</code> ,<code>有符号短整型(signed short)</code>的<code>格式占位符</code>是 <code>%hd</code> 。</li><li>③ 可以通过 <code>sizeof</code> 运算符获取<code>无符号短整型(unsigned short)</code> 和 <code>有符号短整型(signed short)</code> 的<code>存储空间(所占内存空间)</code>。</li><li>③ 可以通过 <code>#include <limits.h></code> 来获取 <code>无符号短整型(unsigned short)</code> 和<code>有符号短整型(signed short)</code>的<code>取值范围</code>。</li></ul></div><ul><li>示例:定义和打印短整型变量</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> <stdio.h></span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> main</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div><h2 id="_1-3-数值溢出" tabindex="-1">1.3 数值溢出 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-3-数值溢出" aria-label="Permalink to "1.3 数值溢出""></a></h2><h3 id="_1-3-1-概述" tabindex="-1">1.3.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-3-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to "1.3.1 概述""></a></h3><ul><li>在生活中,如果一个容器的容量是固定的,我们不停的向其中注入水,那么当容器中充满水之后,再继续注入,水就会从杯子中溢出来,如下所示:</li></ul><p><img src="`+e+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>在程序中也是一样的,各种整数类型在内存中占用的存储单元是不同的,如:short 在内存中占用 2 个字节的存储单元,int 在内存中占用 4 个字节的存储单元。这也就意味着,各种整数类型只能存储有限的数值,当数值过大或多小的时候,超出的部分就会被直接截掉,那么数值就不能被正确的存储,我们就将这种现象就称为<code>溢出</code>(overflow)。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>如果这个数目前是<code>最大值</code>,再进行<code>加法</code>计算,数据就会超过该类型能够表示的最大值,叫做<code>上溢出</code>(如果最大值 + 1 会“绕回”到最小值)。</li><li>如果这个数目前是<code>最小值</code>,再进行<code>减法</code>计算,数据就会超过该类型能够表示的最小值, 叫做<code>下溢出</code>(如果最小值 - 1 会“绕回”到最大值)。</li></ul></div><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><ul><li>① 在 C 语言中,程序产生数值溢出的时候,并不会引发错误而使程序自动停止,这是因为计算机底层是采用二进制补码的运算规则进行处理的(很多编程语言也是这样处理的,如:Java 等)。</li><li>② 但是,这可能会导致不可预料的后果,如:1996 年的亚利安 5 号运载火箭爆炸、2004 年的 Comair 航空公司航班停飞事故。</li><li>③ 在实际开发中,编程时要特别注意,以避免数值溢出问题,特别是在涉及大数或小数的运算(特指整数)。</li></ul></div><h3 id="_1-3-2-无符号数的取值范围" tabindex="-1">1.3.2 无符号数的取值范围 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-3-2-无符号数的取值范围" aria-label="Permalink to "1.3.2 无符号数的取值范围""></a></h3><ul><li>在 C 语言中,<code>无符号数</code>(unsigned 类型)的取值范围(最大值和最小值)的计算是很容易的,即:将内存中的所有位,设置为 <code>0</code> 就是<code>最小值</code>,设置为 <code>1</code> 就是<code>最大值</code>。</li></ul><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><p>在 C 语言中,无符号整数,最高位不是符号位,它是数值的一部分。</p></div><ul><li>以 <code>unsigned char</code> 类型为例,它在内存中占用的存储单元是 1 个字节,即 8 位。如果所有位都设置为 <code>0</code> ,它的最小值就是 <code>0</code> ;如果所有位设置为 <code>1</code> ,它的最大值就是 <code>2⁸ - 1 = 255</code> ,如下所示:</li></ul><p><img src="'+k+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>那么,<code>unsigned char</code> 的最大值是如何计算出来的?最简单的方法就是这样的,如下所示:</li></ul><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span> 1 × 2⁰ + 1 × 2¹ + 1 × 2² + 1 × 2³ + 1 × 2⁴ + 1 × 2⁵ + 1 × 2⁶ + 1 × 2⁷ </span></span>
|
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div><h2 id="_1-3-数值溢出" tabindex="-1">1.3 数值溢出 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-3-数值溢出" aria-label="Permalink to "1.3 数值溢出""></a></h2><h3 id="_1-3-1-概述" tabindex="-1">1.3.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-3-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to "1.3.1 概述""></a></h3><ul><li>在生活中,如果一个容器的容量是固定的,我们不停的向其中注入水,那么当容器中充满水之后,再继续注入,水就会从杯子中溢出来,如下所示:</li></ul><p><img src="`+e+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>在程序中也是一样的,各种整数类型在内存中占用的存储单元是不同的,如:short 在内存中占用 2 个字节的存储单元,int 在内存中占用 4 个字节的存储单元。这也就意味着,各种整数类型只能存储有限的数值,当数值过大或多小的时候,超出的部分就会被直接截掉,那么数值就不能被正确的存储,我们就将这种现象就称为<code>溢出</code>(overflow)。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>如果这个数目前是<code>最大值</code>,再进行<code>加法</code>计算,数据就会超过该类型能够表示的最大值,叫做<code>上溢出</code>(如果最大值 + 1 会“绕回”到最小值)。</li><li>如果这个数目前是<code>最小值</code>,再进行<code>减法</code>计算,数据就会超过该类型能够表示的最小值, 叫做<code>下溢出</code>(如果最小值 - 1 会“绕回”到最大值)。</li></ul></div><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><ul><li>① 在 C 语言中,程序产生数值溢出的时候,并不会引发错误而使程序自动停止,这是因为计算机底层是采用二进制补码的运算规则进行处理的(很多编程语言也是这样处理的,如:Java 等)。</li><li>② 但是,这可能会导致不可预料的后果,如:1996 年的亚利安 5 号运载火箭爆炸、2004 年的 Comair 航空公司航班停飞事故。</li><li>③ 在实际开发中,编程时要特别注意,以避免数值溢出问题,特别是在涉及大数或小数的运算(特指整数)。</li></ul></div><h3 id="_1-3-2-无符号数的取值范围" tabindex="-1">1.3.2 无符号数的取值范围 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-3-2-无符号数的取值范围" aria-label="Permalink to "1.3.2 无符号数的取值范围""></a></h3><ul><li>在 C 语言中,<code>无符号数</code>(unsigned 类型)的取值范围(最大值和最小值)的计算是很容易的,即:将内存中的所有位,设置为 <code>0</code> 就是<code>最小值</code>,设置为 <code>1</code> 就是<code>最大值</code>。</li></ul><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><p>在 C 语言中,无符号整数,最高位不是符号位,它是数值的一部分。</p></div><ul><li>以 <code>unsigned char</code> 类型为例,它在内存中占用的存储单元是 1 个字节,即 8 位。如果所有位都设置为 <code>0</code> ,它的最小值就是 <code>0</code> ;如果所有位设置为 <code>1</code> ,它的最大值就是 <code>2⁸ - 1 = 255</code> ,如下所示:</li></ul><p><img src="'+k+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>那么,<code>unsigned char</code> 的最大值是如何计算出来的?最简单的方法就是这样的,如下所示:</li></ul><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span> 1 × 2⁰ + 1 × 2¹ + 1 × 2² + 1 × 2³ + 1 × 2⁴ + 1 × 2⁵ + 1 × 2⁶ + 1 × 2⁷ </span></span>
|
||||||
<span class="line"><span>= 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + 16 + 32 + 64 + 128 </span></span>
|
<span class="line"><span>= 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + 16 + 32 + 64 + 128 </span></span>
|
||||||
<span class="line"><span>= 255</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><ul><li>但是,这种计算方法虽然有效,但是非常麻烦,如果是 8 个字节的 long ,那么计算就非常麻烦了(可能要计算半天)。当然,我们也知道,这就是等比数列(高中知识),等比数列的公式,如下所示:</li></ul>`,105),K={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},Y={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.912ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"15.075ex",height:"2.893ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -875.7 6663.1 1278.6","aria-hidden":"true"},$=a('<g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="msub"><g data-mml-node="mi"><path data-c="1D446" d="M308 24Q367 24 416 76T466 197Q466 260 414 284Q308 311 278 321T236 341Q176 383 176 462Q176 523 208 573T273 648Q302 673 343 688T407 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github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span> 1111 1111 + 1 - 1</span></span>
|
<span class="line"><span>= 255</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><ul><li>但是,这种计算方法虽然有效,但是非常麻烦,如果是 8 个字节的 long ,那么计算就非常麻烦了(可能要计算半天)。当然,我们也知道,这就是等比数列(高中知识),等比数列的公式,如下所示:</li></ul>`,105),ps={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},ts={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.912ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"15.075ex",height:"2.893ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -875.7 6663.1 1278.6","aria-hidden":"true"},hs=a('<g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="msub"><g data-mml-node="mi"><path data-c="1D446" d="M308 24Q367 24 416 76T466 197Q466 260 414 284Q308 311 278 321T236 341Q176 383 176 462Q176 523 208 573T273 648Q302 673 343 688T407 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0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("msub",null,[s("mi",null,"S"),s("mn",null,"8")]),s("mo",null,"="),s("mn",null,"1"),s("mo",null,"×"),s("mfrac",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("mn",null,"1"),s("mo",null,"−"),s("msup",null,[s("mn",null,"2"),s("mn",null,"8")])]),s("mrow",null,[s("mn",null,"1"),s("mo",null,"−"),s("mn",null,"2")])]),s("mo",null,"="),s("mfrac",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("mn",null,"1"),s("mo",null,"−"),s("mn",null,"256")]),s("mrow",null,[s("mo",null,"−"),s("mn",null,"1")])]),s("mo",null,"="),s("mn",null,"255")])],-1),os=s("li",null,[s("p",null,[i("但是,貌似还是很复杂,我们可以换个思路,就是让 "),s("code",null,"1111 1111"),i(" 先 "),s("code",null,"+1"),i(" ,然后再 "),s("code",null,"-1"),i(",这样一增一减正好抵消掉,并且不会影响最终的结果,如下所示:")])],-1),Fs=a(`<div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span> 1111 1111 + 1 - 1</span></span>
|
||||||
<span class="line"><span>= 10000 0000 - 1</span></span>
|
<span class="line"><span>= 10000 0000 - 1</span></span>
|
||||||
<span class="line"><span>= 2⁹⁻¹ - 1</span></span>
|
<span class="line"><span>= 2⁹⁻¹ - 1</span></span>
|
||||||
<span class="line"><span>= 2⁸ - 1 </span></span>
|
<span class="line"><span>= 2⁸ - 1 </span></span>
|
||||||
@ -592,7 +592,7 @@ import{_ as p,c as n,j as s,a as i,a6 as a,o as l}from"./chunks/framework.hMCIpN
|
|||||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"num3=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> \\n</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, num3);</span></span>
|
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"num3=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> \\n</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, num3);</span></span>
|
||||||
<span class="line"></span>
|
<span class="line"></span>
|
||||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
|
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
|
||||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><h2 id="_1-8-再谈数据类型" tabindex="-1">1.8 再谈数据类型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-8-再谈数据类型" aria-label="Permalink to "1.8 再谈数据类型""></a></h2><ul><li><p>通过之前的知识,我们知道,CPU 是直接和内存打交道的,CPU 在处理数据的时候,会将数据临时存放到内存中。内存那么大,CPU 是怎么找到对应的数据的?</p></li><li><p>首先,CPU 会将内存按照字节(1 Bytes = 8 bit,我们也称为存储单元)进行划分,如下所示:</p></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 操作系统其实并不会直接操作实际的内存,而是会通过内存管理单元(MMU)来操作内存,并通过虚拟地址映射(Virtual Address Mapping)将程序使用的虚拟地址转换为物理地址。虚拟地址映射可以实现内存保护、内存共享和虚拟内存等功能,使得程序能够使用比实际物理内存更大的内存空间,同时确保程序间不会相互干扰。</li><li>② 为了方便初学者学习,后文一律会描述 CPU 直接操作内存(这种说法不严谨,但足够简单和方便理解)。</li><li>③ 这些存储单元中,存储的都是 0 和 1 这样的数据,因为计算机只能识别二进制数。</li></ul></div><p><img src="`+A+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>并且,为了方便管理,每个独立的小单元格,即:存储单元,都有自己唯一的编号(内存地址),如下所示:</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>之所以,要给每个存储单元加上内存地址,就是为了<code>加快</code>数据的<code>存取速度</code>,可以类比生活中的<code>字典</code>以及<code>快递单号</code>。</p></div><p><img src="'+B+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>我们在定义变量的时候,是这么定义的,如下所示:</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> num </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 10</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>上述的代码其实透露了三个重要的信息:</p><ul><li>① 数据存储在哪里。</li><li>② 数据的长度是多少。</li><li>③ 数据的处理方式。</li></ul></div><ul><li>其实,在编译器对程序进行编译的时候,是这样做的,如下所示:</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 编译器在编译的时候,就将变量替换为内存中存储单元的内存地址(知道了你家的门牌号),这样就可以方便的进行存取数据了(解答了上述的问题 ① )。</li><li>② 变量中其实存储的是初始化值 10 在内存中存储单元的首地址,我们也知道,数据类型 int 的存储空间是 4 个字节,那么根据首地址 + 4 个字节就可以完整的将数据从内存空间中取出来或存进去(解答了上述的问题 ② )。</li><li>③ 我们知道,数据在计算机底层的存储方式是不一样的,如:整数在计算机底层的存储就是计算机补码的方式,浮点数在计算机底层的存储类似于科学计数法;但是,字符类型在计算机底层的存储和整数以及浮点数完全不同,需要查码表,即:在存储的时候,需要先查询码表,转换为二进制进行存储;在读取的时候,也需要先查询码表,将二进制转换为对应的字符(解答了上述的问题 ③ )。</li></ul></div><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><ul><li>① 数据类型只在定义变量的时候声明,而且必须声明;在使用变量的时候,就无需再声明,因为此时的数据类型已经确定的。</li><li>② 在实际开发中,我们通常将普通变量等价于内存中某个区域的值(底层到底是怎么转换的,那是编译器帮我们完成的,我们通常无需关心,也没必要关心)。</li><li>③ 某些动态的编程语言,如:JavaScript ,在定义变量的时候,是不需要给出数据类型的,编译器会根据赋值情况自动推断出变量的数据类型,貌似很智能;但是,这无疑增加了编译器的工作,降低了程序的性能(动态一时爽,重构火葬场,说的就是动态编程语言,不适合大型项目的开发;所以,之后微软推出了 TypeScript ,就是为了给 JavaScript 增加强类型系统,以提高开发和运行效率)。</li></ul></div><p><img src="'+D+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h1 id="第二章-运算符-⭐" tabindex="-1">第二章:运算符(⭐) <a class="header-anchor" href="#第二章-运算符-⭐" aria-label="Permalink to "第二章:运算符(⭐)""></a></h1><h2 id="_2-1-概述" tabindex="-1">2.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to "2.1 概述""></a></h2><ul><li>运算符是一种特殊的符号,用于数据的运算、赋值和比较等。</li><li><code>表达式</code>指的是一组运算数、运算符的组合,表达式<code>一定具有值</code>,一个变量或一个常量可以是表达式,变量、常量和运算符也可以组成表达式,如:</li></ul><p><img src="'+v+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li><code>操作数</code>指的是<code>参与运算</code>的<code>值</code>或者<code>对象</code>,如:</li></ul><p><img src="'+T+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>根据<code>操作数</code>的<code>个数</code>,可以将运算符分为: <ul><li>一元运算符(一目运算符)。</li><li>二元运算符(二目运算符)。</li><li>三元运算符(三目运算符)。</li></ul></li><li>根据<code>功能</code>,可以将运算符分为: <ul><li>算术运算符。</li><li>关系运算符(比较运算符)。</li><li>逻辑运算符。</li><li>赋值运算符。</li><li>逻辑运算符。</li><li>位运算符。</li><li>三元运算符。</li></ul></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>掌握一个运算符,需要关注以下几个方面:</p><ul><li>① 运算符的含义。</li><li>② 运算符操作数的个数。</li><li>③ 运算符所组成的表达式。</li><li>④ 运算符有无副作用,即:运算后是否会修改操作数的值。</li></ul></div><h2 id="_2-2-算术运算符" tabindex="-1">2.2 算术运算符 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-2-算术运算符" aria-label="Permalink to "2.2 算术运算符""></a></h2><ul><li>算术运算符是对数值类型的变量进行运算的,如下所示:</li></ul><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th>运算符</th><th>描述</th><th>操作数个数</th><th>组成的表达式的值</th><th>副作用</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>+</code></td><td>正号</td><td>1</td><td>操作数本身</td><td>❎</td></tr><tr><td><code>-</code></td><td>负号</td><td>1</td><td>操作数符号取反</td><td>❎</td></tr><tr><td><code>+</code></td><td>加号</td><td>2</td><td>两个操作数之和</td><td>❎</td></tr><tr><td><code>-</code></td><td>减号</td><td>2</td><td>两个操作数之差</td><td>❎</td></tr><tr><td><code>*</code></td><td>乘号</td><td>2</td><td>两个操作数之积</td><td>❎</td></tr><tr><td><code>/</code></td><td>除号</td><td>2</td><td>两个操作数之商</td><td>❎</td></tr><tr><td><code>%</code></td><td>取模(取余)</td><td>2</td><td>两个操作数相除的余数</td><td>❎</td></tr><tr><td><code>++</code></td><td>自增</td><td>1</td><td>操作数自增前或自增后的值</td><td>✅</td></tr><tr><td><code>--</code></td><td>自减</td><td>1</td><td>操作数自减前或自减后的值</td><td>✅</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>自增和自减:</p><ul><li>① 自增、自减运算符可以写在操作数的前面也可以写在操作数后面,不论前面还是后面,对操作数的副作用是一致的。</li><li>② 自增、自减运算符在前在后,对于表达式的值是不同的。 如果运算符在前,表达式的值是操作数自增、自减之后的值;如果运算符在后,表达式的值是操作数自增、自减之前的值。</li><li>③ <code>变量前++</code>:变量先自增 1 ,然后再运算;<code>变量后++</code>:变量先运算,然后再自增 1 。</li><li>④ <code>变量前--</code>:变量先自减 1 ,然后再运算;<code>变量后--</code>:变量先运算,然后再自减 1 。</li><li>⑤ 对于 <code>i++</code> 或 <code>i--</code> ,各种编程语言的用法和支持是不同的,例如:C/C++、Java 等完全支持,Python 压根一点都不支持,Go 语言虽然支持 <code>i++</code> 或 <code>i--</code> ,却只支持这些操作符作为独立的语句,并且不能嵌入在其它的表达式中。</li></ul></div><ul><li>示例:正号和负号</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> <stdio.h></span></span>
|
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><h2 id="_1-8-再谈数据类型" tabindex="-1">1.8 再谈数据类型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-8-再谈数据类型" aria-label="Permalink to "1.8 再谈数据类型""></a></h2><ul><li><p>通过之前的知识,我们知道,CPU 是直接和内存打交道的,CPU 在处理数据的时候,会将数据临时存放到内存中。内存那么大,CPU 是怎么找到对应的数据的?</p></li><li><p>首先,CPU 会将内存按照字节(1 Bytes = 8 bit,我们也称为存储单元)进行划分,如下所示:</p></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 操作系统其实并不会直接操作实际的内存,而是会通过内存管理单元(MMU)来操作内存,并通过虚拟地址映射(Virtual Address Mapping)将程序使用的虚拟地址转换为物理地址。虚拟地址映射可以实现内存保护、内存共享和虚拟内存等功能,使得程序能够使用比实际物理内存更大的内存空间,同时确保程序间不会相互干扰。</li><li>② 为了方便初学者学习,后文一律会描述 CPU 直接操作内存(这种说法不严谨,但足够简单和方便理解)。</li><li>③ 这些存储单元中,存储的都是 0 和 1 这样的数据,因为计算机只能识别二进制数。</li></ul></div><p><img src="`+B+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>并且,为了方便管理,每个独立的小单元格,即:存储单元,都有自己唯一的编号(内存地址),如下所示:</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>之所以,要给每个存储单元加上内存地址,就是为了<code>加快</code>数据的<code>存取速度</code>,可以类比生活中的<code>字典</code>以及<code>快递单号</code>。</p></div><p><img src="'+A+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>我们在定义变量的时候,是这么定义的,如下所示:</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> num </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 10</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>上述的代码其实透露了三个重要的信息:</p><ul><li>① 数据存储在哪里。</li><li>② 数据的长度是多少。</li><li>③ 数据的处理方式。</li></ul></div><ul><li>其实,在编译器对程序进行编译的时候,是这样做的,如下所示:</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 编译器在编译的时候,就将变量替换为内存中存储单元的内存地址(知道了你家的门牌号),这样就可以方便的进行存取数据了(解答了上述的问题 ① )。</li><li>② 变量中其实存储的是初始化值 10 在内存中存储单元的首地址,我们也知道,数据类型 int 的存储空间是 4 个字节,那么根据首地址 + 4 个字节就可以完整的将数据从内存空间中取出来或存进去(解答了上述的问题 ② )。</li><li>③ 我们知道,数据在计算机底层的存储方式是不一样的,如:整数在计算机底层的存储就是计算机补码的方式,浮点数在计算机底层的存储类似于科学计数法;但是,字符类型在计算机底层的存储和整数以及浮点数完全不同,需要查码表,即:在存储的时候,需要先查询码表,转换为二进制进行存储;在读取的时候,也需要先查询码表,将二进制转换为对应的字符(解答了上述的问题 ③ )。</li></ul></div><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><ul><li>① 数据类型只在定义变量的时候声明,而且必须声明;在使用变量的时候,就无需再声明,因为此时的数据类型已经确定的。</li><li>② 在实际开发中,我们通常将普通变量等价于内存中某个区域的值(底层到底是怎么转换的,那是编译器帮我们完成的,我们通常无需关心,也没必要关心)。</li><li>③ 某些动态的编程语言,如:JavaScript ,在定义变量的时候,是不需要给出数据类型的,编译器会根据赋值情况自动推断出变量的数据类型,貌似很智能;但是,这无疑增加了编译器的工作,降低了程序的性能(动态一时爽,重构火葬场,说的就是动态编程语言,不适合大型项目的开发;所以,之后微软推出了 TypeScript ,就是为了给 JavaScript 增加强类型系统,以提高开发和运行效率)。</li></ul></div><p><img src="'+D+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h1 id="第二章-运算符-⭐" tabindex="-1">第二章:运算符(⭐) <a class="header-anchor" href="#第二章-运算符-⭐" aria-label="Permalink to "第二章:运算符(⭐)""></a></h1><h2 id="_2-1-概述" tabindex="-1">2.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to "2.1 概述""></a></h2><ul><li>运算符是一种特殊的符号,用于数据的运算、赋值和比较等。</li><li><code>表达式</code>指的是一组运算数、运算符的组合,表达式<code>一定具有值</code>,一个变量或一个常量可以是表达式,变量、常量和运算符也可以组成表达式,如:</li></ul><p><img src="'+v+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li><code>操作数</code>指的是<code>参与运算</code>的<code>值</code>或者<code>对象</code>,如:</li></ul><p><img src="'+T+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>根据<code>操作数</code>的<code>个数</code>,可以将运算符分为: <ul><li>一元运算符(一目运算符)。</li><li>二元运算符(二目运算符)。</li><li>三元运算符(三目运算符)。</li></ul></li><li>根据<code>功能</code>,可以将运算符分为: <ul><li>算术运算符。</li><li>关系运算符(比较运算符)。</li><li>逻辑运算符。</li><li>赋值运算符。</li><li>逻辑运算符。</li><li>位运算符。</li><li>三元运算符。</li></ul></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>掌握一个运算符,需要关注以下几个方面:</p><ul><li>① 运算符的含义。</li><li>② 运算符操作数的个数。</li><li>③ 运算符所组成的表达式。</li><li>④ 运算符有无副作用,即:运算后是否会修改操作数的值。</li></ul></div><h2 id="_2-2-算术运算符" tabindex="-1">2.2 算术运算符 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-2-算术运算符" aria-label="Permalink to "2.2 算术运算符""></a></h2><ul><li>算术运算符是对数值类型的变量进行运算的,如下所示:</li></ul><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th>运算符</th><th>描述</th><th>操作数个数</th><th>组成的表达式的值</th><th>副作用</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>+</code></td><td>正号</td><td>1</td><td>操作数本身</td><td>❎</td></tr><tr><td><code>-</code></td><td>负号</td><td>1</td><td>操作数符号取反</td><td>❎</td></tr><tr><td><code>+</code></td><td>加号</td><td>2</td><td>两个操作数之和</td><td>❎</td></tr><tr><td><code>-</code></td><td>减号</td><td>2</td><td>两个操作数之差</td><td>❎</td></tr><tr><td><code>*</code></td><td>乘号</td><td>2</td><td>两个操作数之积</td><td>❎</td></tr><tr><td><code>/</code></td><td>除号</td><td>2</td><td>两个操作数之商</td><td>❎</td></tr><tr><td><code>%</code></td><td>取模(取余)</td><td>2</td><td>两个操作数相除的余数</td><td>❎</td></tr><tr><td><code>++</code></td><td>自增</td><td>1</td><td>操作数自增前或自增后的值</td><td>✅</td></tr><tr><td><code>--</code></td><td>自减</td><td>1</td><td>操作数自减前或自减后的值</td><td>✅</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>自增和自减:</p><ul><li>① 自增、自减运算符可以写在操作数的前面也可以写在操作数后面,不论前面还是后面,对操作数的副作用是一致的。</li><li>② 自增、自减运算符在前在后,对于表达式的值是不同的。 如果运算符在前,表达式的值是操作数自增、自减之后的值;如果运算符在后,表达式的值是操作数自增、自减之前的值。</li><li>③ <code>变量前++</code>:变量先自增 1 ,然后再运算;<code>变量后++</code>:变量先运算,然后再自增 1 。</li><li>④ <code>变量前--</code>:变量先自减 1 ,然后再运算;<code>变量后--</code>:变量先运算,然后再自减 1 。</li><li>⑤ 对于 <code>i++</code> 或 <code>i--</code> ,各种编程语言的用法和支持是不同的,例如:C/C++、Java 等完全支持,Python 压根一点都不支持,Go 语言虽然支持 <code>i++</code> 或 <code>i--</code> ,却只支持这些操作符作为独立的语句,并且不能嵌入在其它的表达式中。</li></ul></div><ul><li>示例:正号和负号</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> <stdio.h></span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> main</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> main</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
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@ -806,7 +806,7 @@ import{_ as p,c as n,j as s,a as i,a6 as a,o as l}from"./chunks/framework.hMCIpN
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"整数 </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 的二进制表示:</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">%s</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> \\n</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, b, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">getBinary</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(b));</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br></div></div><h3 id="_2-6-3-按位与" tabindex="-1">2.6.3 按位与 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-6-3-按位与" aria-label="Permalink to "2.6.3 按位与""></a></h3><ul><li><p>按位与 <code>&</code> 的运算规则是:如果二进制对应的位上都是 1 才是 1 ,否则为 0 ,即:</p><ul><li><code>1 & 1</code> 的结果是 <code>1</code> 。</li><li><code>1 & 0</code> 的结果是 <code>0</code> 。</li><li><code>0 & 1</code> 的结果是 <code>0</code> 。</li><li><code>0 & 0</code> 的结果是 <code>0</code> 。</li></ul></li><li><p>示例:<code>9 & 7 = 1</code></p></li></ul><p><img src="`+Q+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>示例:<code>-9 & 7 = 7</code></li></ul><p><img src="'+f+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_2-6-4-按位或" tabindex="-1">2.6.4 按位或 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-6-4-按位或" aria-label="Permalink to "2.6.4 按位或""></a></h3><ul><li><p>按位与 <code>|</code> 的运算规则是:如果二进制对应的位上只要有 1 就是 1 ,否则为 0 ,即:</p><ul><li><code>1 | 1</code> 的结果是 <code>1</code> 。</li><li><code>1 | 0</code> 的结果是 <code>1</code> 。</li><li><code>0 | 1</code> 的结果是 <code>1</code> 。</li><li><code>0 | 0</code> 的结果是 <code>0</code> 。</li></ul></li><li><p>示例:<code>9 | 7 = 15</code></p></li></ul><p><img src="'+q+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>示例:<code>-9 | 7 = -9</code></li></ul><p><img src="'+_+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_2-6-5-按位异或" tabindex="-1">2.6.5 按位异或 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-6-5-按位异或" aria-label="Permalink to "2.6.5 按位异或""></a></h3><ul><li>按位与 <code>^</code> 的运算规则是:如果二进制对应的位上一个为 1 一个为 0 就为 1 ,否则为 0 ,即: <ul><li><code>1 ^ 1</code> 的结果是 <code>0</code> 。</li><li><code>1 ^ 0</code> 的结果是 <code>1</code> 。</li><li><code>0 ^ 1</code> 的结果是 <code>1</code> 。</li><li><code>0 ^ 0</code> 的结果是 <code>0</code> 。</li></ul></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>按位异或的场景有:</p><ul><li>① 交换两个数值:异或操作可以在不使用临时变量的情况下交换两个变量的值。</li><li>② 加密或解密:异或操作用于简单的加密和解密算法。</li><li>③ 错误检测和校正:异或操作可以用于奇偶校验位的计算和检测错误(RAID-3 以及以上)。</li><li>……</li></ul></div><ul><li>示例:<code>9 ^ 7 = 14</code></li></ul><p><img src="'+x+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>示例:<code>-9 ^ 7 = -16</code></li></ul><p><img src="'+w+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_2-6-6-按位取反" tabindex="-1">2.6.6 按位取反 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-6-6-按位取反" aria-label="Permalink to "2.6.6 按位取反""></a></h3><ul><li><p>运算规则:如果二进制对应的位上是 1,则结果为 0;如果是 0 ,则结果为 1 。</p><ul><li><code>~0</code> 的结果是 <code>1</code> 。</li><li><code>~1</code> 的结果是 <code>0</code> 。</li></ul></li><li><p>示例:<code>~9 = -10</code></p></li></ul><p><img src="'+L+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>示例:<code>~-9 = 8</code></li></ul><p><img src="'+z+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_2-6-7-二进制左移" tabindex="-1">2.6.7 二进制左移 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-6-7-二进制左移" aria-label="Permalink to "2.6.7 二进制左移""></a></h3><ul><li><p>在一定范围内,数据每向左移动一位,相当于原数据 × 2。(正数、负数都适用)</p></li><li><p>示例:<code>3 << 4 = 48</code> (3 × 2^4)</p></li></ul><p><img src="'+H+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>示例:<code>-3 << 4 = -48</code> (-3 × 2 ^4)</li></ul><p><img src="'+M+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_2-6-8-二进制右移" tabindex="-1">2.6.8 二进制右移 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-6-8-二进制右移" aria-label="Permalink to "2.6.8 二进制右移""></a></h3><ul><li>在一定范围内,数据每向右移动一位,相当于原数据 ÷ 2。(正数、负数都适用)</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 如果不能整除,则向下取整。</li><li>② 右移运算符最好只用于无符号整数,不要用于负数。因为不同系统对于右移后如何处理负数的符号位,有不同的做法,可能会得到不一样的结果。</li></ul></div><ul><li>示例:<code>69 >> 4 = 4</code> (69 ÷ 2^4 )</li></ul><p><img src="'+P+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>示例:<code>-69 >> 4 = -5</code> (-69 ÷ 2^4 )</li></ul><p><img src="'+I+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_2-7-三元运算符" tabindex="-1">2.7 三元运算符 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-7-三元运算符" aria-label="Permalink to "2.7 三元运算符""></a></h2><ul><li>语法:</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">条件表达式 </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">?</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> 表达式1 </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">:</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> 表达式2 ;</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>如果条件表达式为非 0 (真),则整个表达式的值是表达式 1 。</li><li>如果条件表达式为 0 (假),则整个表达式的值是表达式 2 。</li></ul></div><ul><li>示例:</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> <stdio.h></span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br></div></div><h3 id="_2-6-3-按位与" tabindex="-1">2.6.3 按位与 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-6-3-按位与" aria-label="Permalink to "2.6.3 按位与""></a></h3><ul><li><p>按位与 <code>&</code> 的运算规则是:如果二进制对应的位上都是 1 才是 1 ,否则为 0 ,即:</p><ul><li><code>1 & 1</code> 的结果是 <code>1</code> 。</li><li><code>1 & 0</code> 的结果是 <code>0</code> 。</li><li><code>0 & 1</code> 的结果是 <code>0</code> 。</li><li><code>0 & 0</code> 的结果是 <code>0</code> 。</li></ul></li><li><p>示例:<code>9 & 7 = 1</code></p></li></ul><p><img src="`+Q+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>示例:<code>-9 & 7 = 7</code></li></ul><p><img src="'+f+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_2-6-4-按位或" tabindex="-1">2.6.4 按位或 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-6-4-按位或" aria-label="Permalink to "2.6.4 按位或""></a></h3><ul><li><p>按位与 <code>|</code> 的运算规则是:如果二进制对应的位上只要有 1 就是 1 ,否则为 0 ,即:</p><ul><li><code>1 | 1</code> 的结果是 <code>1</code> 。</li><li><code>1 | 0</code> 的结果是 <code>1</code> 。</li><li><code>0 | 1</code> 的结果是 <code>1</code> 。</li><li><code>0 | 0</code> 的结果是 <code>0</code> 。</li></ul></li><li><p>示例:<code>9 | 7 = 15</code></p></li></ul><p><img src="'+q+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>示例:<code>-9 | 7 = -9</code></li></ul><p><img src="'+_+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_2-6-5-按位异或" tabindex="-1">2.6.5 按位异或 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-6-5-按位异或" aria-label="Permalink to "2.6.5 按位异或""></a></h3><ul><li>按位与 <code>^</code> 的运算规则是:如果二进制对应的位上一个为 1 一个为 0 就为 1 ,否则为 0 ,即: <ul><li><code>1 ^ 1</code> 的结果是 <code>0</code> 。</li><li><code>1 ^ 0</code> 的结果是 <code>1</code> 。</li><li><code>0 ^ 1</code> 的结果是 <code>1</code> 。</li><li><code>0 ^ 0</code> 的结果是 <code>0</code> 。</li></ul></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>按位异或的场景有:</p><ul><li>① 交换两个数值:异或操作可以在不使用临时变量的情况下交换两个变量的值。</li><li>② 加密或解密:异或操作用于简单的加密和解密算法。</li><li>③ 错误检测和校正:异或操作可以用于奇偶校验位的计算和检测错误(RAID-3 以及以上)。</li><li>……</li></ul></div><ul><li>示例:<code>9 ^ 7 = 14</code></li></ul><p><img src="'+x+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>示例:<code>-9 ^ 7 = -16</code></li></ul><p><img src="'+w+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_2-6-6-按位取反" tabindex="-1">2.6.6 按位取反 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-6-6-按位取反" aria-label="Permalink to "2.6.6 按位取反""></a></h3><ul><li><p>运算规则:如果二进制对应的位上是 1,则结果为 0;如果是 0 ,则结果为 1 。</p><ul><li><code>~0</code> 的结果是 <code>1</code> 。</li><li><code>~1</code> 的结果是 <code>0</code> 。</li></ul></li><li><p>示例:<code>~9 = -10</code></p></li></ul><p><img src="'+L+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>示例:<code>~-9 = 8</code></li></ul><p><img src="'+z+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_2-6-7-二进制左移" tabindex="-1">2.6.7 二进制左移 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-6-7-二进制左移" aria-label="Permalink to "2.6.7 二进制左移""></a></h3><ul><li><p>在一定范围内,数据每向左移动一位,相当于原数据 × 2。(正数、负数都适用)</p></li><li><p>示例:<code>3 << 4 = 48</code> (3 × 2^4)</p></li></ul><p><img src="'+H+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>示例:<code>-3 << 4 = -48</code> (-3 × 2 ^4)</li></ul><p><img src="'+P+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_2-6-8-二进制右移" tabindex="-1">2.6.8 二进制右移 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-6-8-二进制右移" aria-label="Permalink to "2.6.8 二进制右移""></a></h3><ul><li>在一定范围内,数据每向右移动一位,相当于原数据 ÷ 2。(正数、负数都适用)</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 如果不能整除,则向下取整。</li><li>② 右移运算符最好只用于无符号整数,不要用于负数。因为不同系统对于右移后如何处理负数的符号位,有不同的做法,可能会得到不一样的结果。</li></ul></div><ul><li>示例:<code>69 >> 4 = 4</code> (69 ÷ 2^4 )</li></ul><p><img src="'+M+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>示例:<code>-69 >> 4 = -5</code> (-69 ÷ 2^4 )</li></ul><p><img src="'+N+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_2-7-三元运算符" tabindex="-1">2.7 三元运算符 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-7-三元运算符" aria-label="Permalink to "2.7 三元运算符""></a></h2><ul><li>语法:</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">条件表达式 </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">?</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> 表达式1 </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">:</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> 表达式2 ;</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>如果条件表达式为非 0 (真),则整个表达式的值是表达式 1 。</li><li>如果条件表达式为 0 (假),则整个表达式的值是表达式 2 。</li></ul></div><ul><li>示例:</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> <stdio.h></span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> main</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> main</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
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@ -816,4 +816,4 @@ import{_ as p,c as n,j as s,a as i,a6 as a,o as l}from"./chunks/framework.hMCIpN
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"result = </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">%d\\n</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, result);</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> // result = 110</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"result = </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">%d\\n</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, result);</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> // result = 110</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div><h2 id="_2-8-运算符优先级" tabindex="-1">2.8 运算符优先级 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-8-运算符优先级" aria-label="Permalink to "2.8 运算符优先级""></a></h2><ul><li>C 语言中运算符的优先级,如下所示:</li></ul><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th><strong>优先级</strong></th><th><strong>运算符</strong></th><th><strong>名称或含义</strong></th><th><strong>结合方向</strong></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>1</strong></td><td><code>[]</code></td><td>数组下标</td><td>➡️(从左到右)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>()</code></td><td>圆括号</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>.</code></td><td>成员选择(对象)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>-></code></td><td>成员选择(指针)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>2</strong></td><td><code>-</code></td><td>负号运算符</td><td>⬅️(从右到左)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>(类型)</code></td><td>强制类型转换</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>++</code></td><td>自增运算符</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>--</code></td><td>自减运算符</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>*</code></td><td>取值运算符</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>&</code></td><td>取地址运算符</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>!</code></td><td>逻辑非运算符</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>~</code></td><td>按位取反运算符</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>sizeof</code></td><td>长度运算符</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>3</strong></td><td><code>/</code></td><td>除</td><td>➡️(从左到右)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>*</code></td><td>乘</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>%</code></td><td>余数(取模)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>4</strong></td><td><code>+</code></td><td>加</td><td>➡️(从左到右)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>-</code></td><td>减</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>5</strong></td><td><code><<</code></td><td>左移</td><td>➡️(从左到右)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>>></code></td><td>右移</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>6</strong></td><td><code>></code></td><td>大于</td><td>➡️(从左到右)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>>=</code></td><td>大于等于</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code><</code></td><td>小于</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code><=</code></td><td>小于等于</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>7</strong></td><td><code>==</code></td><td>等于</td><td>➡️(从左到右)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>!=</code></td><td>不等于</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>8</strong></td><td><code>&</code></td><td>按位与</td><td>➡️(从左到右)</td></tr><tr><td><strong>9</strong></td><td><code>^</code></td><td>按位异或</td><td>➡️(从左到右)</td></tr><tr><td><strong>10</strong></td><td><code>|</code></td><td>按位或</td><td>➡️(从左到右)</td></tr><tr><td><strong>11</strong></td><td><code>&&</code></td><td>逻辑与</td><td>➡️(从左到右)</td></tr><tr><td><strong>12</strong></td><td><code>||</code></td><td>逻辑或</td><td>➡️(从左到右)</td></tr><tr><td><strong>13</strong></td><td><code>?:</code></td><td>条件运算符</td><td>⬅️(从右到左)</td></tr><tr><td><strong>14</strong></td><td><code>=</code></td><td>赋值运算符</td><td>⬅️(从右到左)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>/=</code></td><td>除后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>*=</code></td><td>乘后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>%=</code></td><td>取模后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>+=</code></td><td>加后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>-=</code></td><td>减后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code><<=</code></td><td>左移后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>>>=</code></td><td>右移后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>&=</code></td><td>按位与后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>^=</code></td><td>按位异或后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>|=</code></td><td>按位或后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>15</strong></td><td><code>,</code></td><td>逗号运算符</td><td>➡️(从左到右)</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="warning custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">WARNING</p><p></p><ul><li>① 不要过多的依赖运算符的优先级来控制表达式的执行顺序,这样可读性太差,尽量<code>使用小括号来控制</code>表达式的执行顺序。</li><li>② 不要把一个表达式写得过于复杂,如果一个表达式过于复杂,则把它<code>分成几步</code>来完成。</li><li>③ 运算符优先级不用刻意地去记忆,总体上:一元运算符 > 算术运算符 > 关系运算符 > 逻辑运算符 > 三元运算符 > 赋值运算符。</li></ul></div><h1 id="第三章-附录" tabindex="-1">第三章:附录 <a class="header-anchor" href="#第三章-附录" aria-label="Permalink to "第三章:附录""></a></h1><h2 id="_3-1-字符集和字符集编码" tabindex="-1">3.1 字符集和字符集编码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-1-字符集和字符集编码" aria-label="Permalink to "3.1 字符集和字符集编码""></a></h2><h3 id="_3-3-1-概述" tabindex="-1">3.3.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-3-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to "3.3.1 概述""></a></h3><ul><li>字符集和字符集编码(简称编码)计算机系统中处理文本数据的两个基本概念,它们密切相关但又有区别。</li><li>字符集(Character Set)是一组字符的集合,其中每个字符都被分配了一个<code>唯一的编号</code>(通常是数字)。字符可以是字母、数字、符号、控制代码(如换行符)等。<code>字符集定义了可以表示的字符的范围</code>,但它并不直接定义如何将这些字符存储在计算机中。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>ASCII(美国信息交换标准代码)是最早期和最简单的字符集之一,它只包括了英文字母、数字和一些特殊字符,共 128 个字符。每个字符都分配给了一个从 0 到 127 的数字。</p></div><ul><li>字符集编码(Character Encoding,简称编码)是一种方案或方法,<code>它定义了如何将字符集中的字符转换为计算机存储和传输的数据(通常是一串二进制数字)</code>。简而言之,编码是字符到二进制数据之间的映射规则。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>ASCII 编码方案定义了如何将 ASCII 字符集中的每个字符表示为 7 位的二进制数字。例如:大写字母<code>'A'</code>在 ASCII 编码中表示为二进制的<code>1000001</code>,十进制的 <code>65</code> 。</p></div><ul><li><code>字符集</code>和<code>字符集编码</code>之间的关系如下:</li></ul><p><img src="`+N+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>Linux 中安装帮助手册:</li></ul><p><img src="'+V+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_3-3-2-ascii-编码" tabindex="-1">3.3.2 ASCII 编码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-3-2-ascii-编码" aria-label="Permalink to "3.3.2 ASCII 编码""></a></h3><ul><li>从<code>冯·诺依曼</code>体系结构中,我们知道,计算机中所有的<code>数据</code>和<code>指令</code>都是以<code>二进制</code>的形式表示的;所以,计算机中对于文本数据的数据也是以二进制来存储的,那么对应的流程如下:</li></ul><p><img src="'+S+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>我们知道,计算机是上个世纪 60 年代在美国研制成功的,为了实现字符和二进制的转换,美国就制定了一套字符编码,即英语字符和二进制位之间的关系,即 ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)编码: <ul><li>ASCII 编码只包括了英文字符、数字和一些特殊字符,一共 128 个字符,并且每个字符都分配了唯一的数字,范围是 0 - 127。</li><li>ASCII 编码中的每个字符都使用 7 位的二进制数字表示;但是,计算机中的存储的最小单位是 1 B = 8 位,那么最高位统一规定为 0 。</li></ul></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 其实,早期是没有字符集的概念的,只是后来为了解决乱码问题,而产生了字符集的概念。</li><li>② 对于英文体系来说,<code>a-zA-Z0-9</code>以及一些<code>特殊字符</code>一共 <code>128</code> 就可以满足实际存储需求;所以,在也是为什么 ASCII 码使用 7 位二进制(2^7 = 128 )来存储的。</li></ul></div><ul><li>在操作系统中,就内置了对应的编码表,Linux 也不例外;可以使用如下的命令查看:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">man</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> ascii</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+O+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>其对应的 ASCII 编码表,如下所示:</li></ul><p><img src="'+U+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>但是,随着计算机的发展,计算机开始了东征之路,由美国传播到东方:</li></ul><p><img src="'+Z+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>先是传播到了欧洲,欧洲在兼容 ASCII 编码的基础上,推出了 ISO8859-1 编码,即: <ul><li>ISO8859-1 编码包括基本的拉丁字母表、数字、标点符号,以及西欧语言中特有的一些字符,如:法语中的 <code>è</code>、德语中的 <code>ü</code> 等。</li><li>ISO 8859-1 为每个字符分配一个单字节(8 位)编码,意味着它可以表示最多 256 (2^8)个不同的字符(编号从 0 到 255)。</li><li>ISO 8859-1 的前 128 个字符与 ASCII 编码完全一致,这使得 ASCII 编码的文本可以无缝转换为 ISO 8859-1 编码。</li></ul></li></ul><p><img src="'+R+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+j+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>计算机继续传播到了亚洲,亚洲(双字节)各个国家分别给出了自己国家对应的字符集编码,如: <ul><li>日本推出了 Shift-JIS 编码: <ul><li>单字节 ASCII 范围:0 - 127。</li><li>双字节范围: <ul><li>第一个字节:129 - 159 和 224 - 239 。</li><li>第二个字节:64 - 126 和 128 - 252 。</li></ul></li></ul></li><li>韩国推出了 EUC-KR 编码: <ul><li>单字节 ASCII 范围:0 - 127。</li><li>双字节范围:从 41281 - 65278。</li></ul></li><li>中国推出了 GBK 编码: <ul><li>单字节 ASCII 范围:0 - 127。</li><li>双字节范围:33088 - 65278 。</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 通过上面日本、韩国、中国的编码十进制范围,我们可以看到,虽然这些编码系统在技术上的编码范围存在重叠(特别是在高位字节区域),但因为它们各自支持的字符集完全不同,所以实际上它们并不直接冲突。</li><li>② 但是,如果一个中国人通过 GBK 编码写的文章,通过邮件发送给韩国人,因为韩国和中国在字符集编码上的高位字节有重叠部分,必然会造成歧义。</li></ul></div><h3 id="_3-3-3-unicode-编码" tabindex="-1">3.3.3 Unicode 编码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-3-3-unicode-编码" aria-label="Permalink to "3.3.3 Unicode 编码""></a></h3><ul><li><p>在 Unicode 之前,世界上存在着数百种不同的编码系统,每一种编码系统都是为了支持特定语言或一组语言的字符集。这些编码系统,包括:ASCII、ISO 8859 系列、GBK、Shift-JIS、EUC-KR 等,它们各自有不同的字符范围和编码方式。这种多样性虽然在局部范围内解决了字符表示的问题,但也带来了以下几个方面的挑战:</p><ul><li><code>编码冲突</code>:由于不同的编码系统可以为相同的字节值分配不同的字符,因此在不同编码之间转换文本时,如果没有正确处理编码信息,就很容易产生乱码。这种编码冲突在尝试处理多种语言的文本时尤为突出。</li><li><code>编码的复杂性</code>:随着全球化的发展,软件和系统需要支持越来越多的语言,这就要求开发者和系统同时处理多种不同的编码系统。这不仅增加了开发和维护的复杂性,而且也增加了出错的风险。</li><li><code>资源限制</code>:在早期计算机技术中,内存和存储资源相对有限。不同的编码标准要求系统存储多套字符集数据,这无疑增加了对有限资源的消耗。</li><li>……</li></ul></li><li><p>针对上述的种种问题,为了推行全球化,Unicode 应运而生,Unicode 的核心规则和设计原则是建立一个全球统一的字符集,使得世界上所有的文字和符号都能被唯一地识别和使用,无论使用者位于何地或使用何种语言。这套规则包括了字符的编码、表示、处理和转换机制,旨在确保不同系统和软件间能够无缝交换和处理文本数据。</p><ul><li><code>通用字符集 (UCS)</code>:Unicode 为每一个字符分配一个唯一的编号(称为<code>“码点”</code>)。这些码点被组织在一个统一的字符集中,官方称之为 “通用字符集”(Universal Character Set,UCS)。码点通常表示为 <code>U+</code> 后跟一个十六进制数,例如:<code>U+0041</code> 代表大写的英文字母 <code>“A”</code>。</li><li><code>编码平面和区段</code>:Unicode 码点被划分为多个 “平面(Planes)”,每个平面包含 65536(16^4)个码点。目前,Unicode定义了 17 个平面(从 0 到16),每个平面被分配了一个编号,从 “基本多文种平面(BMP)” 的 0 开始,到 16 号平面结束。这意味着 Unicode 理论上可以支持超过 110万(17*65536)个码点。</li></ul></li><li><p>Unicode 仅仅只是字符集,给每个字符设置了唯一的数字编号而已,却没有给出这些数字编号实际如何存储,可以通过如下命令查看:</p></li></ul><p><img src="'+G+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>为了在计算机系统中表示 Unicode 字符,定义了几种编码方案,这些方案包括 UTF-8、UTF-16 和 UTF-32 等。 <ul><li><strong>UTF-8</strong>:使用 1 - 4 个字节表示每个 Unicode 字符,兼容 ASCII,是网络上最常用的编码。</li><li><strong>UTF-16</strong>:使用 2 - 4 个字节表示每个 Unicode 字符,适合于需要经常处理基本多文种平面之外字符的应用。</li><li><strong>UTF-32</strong>:使用固定的 4 个字节表示每个 Unicode 字符,简化了字符处理,但增加了存储空间的需求。</li></ul></li><li><code>Unicode 字符集</code>和对应的<code>UTF-8 字符编码</code>之间的关系,如下所示:</li></ul><p><img src="'+J+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p>',280);function ks(ds,rs,cs,Es,gs,os){return l(),n("div",null,[W,s("p",null,[s("mjx-container",K,[(l(),n("svg",Y,ss)),is])]),s("ul",null,[s("li",null,[s("p",null,[i("那么,结果就是:"),s("mjx-container",as,[(l(),n("svg",ns,ps)),ts])])]),hs]),es])}const us=p(X,[["render",ks]]);export{ys as __pageData,us as default};
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div><h2 id="_2-8-运算符优先级" tabindex="-1">2.8 运算符优先级 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-8-运算符优先级" aria-label="Permalink to "2.8 运算符优先级""></a></h2><ul><li>C 语言中运算符的优先级,如下所示:</li></ul><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th><strong>优先级</strong></th><th><strong>运算符</strong></th><th><strong>名称或含义</strong></th><th><strong>结合方向</strong></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>1</strong></td><td><code>[]</code></td><td>数组下标</td><td>➡️(从左到右)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>()</code></td><td>圆括号</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>.</code></td><td>成员选择(对象)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>-></code></td><td>成员选择(指针)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>2</strong></td><td><code>-</code></td><td>负号运算符</td><td>⬅️(从右到左)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>(类型)</code></td><td>强制类型转换</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>++</code></td><td>自增运算符</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>--</code></td><td>自减运算符</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>*</code></td><td>取值运算符</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>&</code></td><td>取地址运算符</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>!</code></td><td>逻辑非运算符</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>~</code></td><td>按位取反运算符</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>sizeof</code></td><td>长度运算符</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>3</strong></td><td><code>/</code></td><td>除</td><td>➡️(从左到右)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>*</code></td><td>乘</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>%</code></td><td>余数(取模)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>4</strong></td><td><code>+</code></td><td>加</td><td>➡️(从左到右)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>-</code></td><td>减</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>5</strong></td><td><code><<</code></td><td>左移</td><td>➡️(从左到右)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>>></code></td><td>右移</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>6</strong></td><td><code>></code></td><td>大于</td><td>➡️(从左到右)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>>=</code></td><td>大于等于</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code><</code></td><td>小于</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code><=</code></td><td>小于等于</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>7</strong></td><td><code>==</code></td><td>等于</td><td>➡️(从左到右)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>!=</code></td><td>不等于</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>8</strong></td><td><code>&</code></td><td>按位与</td><td>➡️(从左到右)</td></tr><tr><td><strong>9</strong></td><td><code>^</code></td><td>按位异或</td><td>➡️(从左到右)</td></tr><tr><td><strong>10</strong></td><td><code>|</code></td><td>按位或</td><td>➡️(从左到右)</td></tr><tr><td><strong>11</strong></td><td><code>&&</code></td><td>逻辑与</td><td>➡️(从左到右)</td></tr><tr><td><strong>12</strong></td><td><code>||</code></td><td>逻辑或</td><td>➡️(从左到右)</td></tr><tr><td><strong>13</strong></td><td><code>?:</code></td><td>条件运算符</td><td>⬅️(从右到左)</td></tr><tr><td><strong>14</strong></td><td><code>=</code></td><td>赋值运算符</td><td>⬅️(从右到左)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>/=</code></td><td>除后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>*=</code></td><td>乘后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>%=</code></td><td>取模后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>+=</code></td><td>加后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>-=</code></td><td>减后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code><<=</code></td><td>左移后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>>>=</code></td><td>右移后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>&=</code></td><td>按位与后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>^=</code></td><td>按位异或后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>|=</code></td><td>按位或后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>15</strong></td><td><code>,</code></td><td>逗号运算符</td><td>➡️(从左到右)</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="warning custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">WARNING</p><p></p><ul><li>① 不要过多的依赖运算符的优先级来控制表达式的执行顺序,这样可读性太差,尽量<code>使用小括号来控制</code>表达式的执行顺序。</li><li>② 不要把一个表达式写得过于复杂,如果一个表达式过于复杂,则把它<code>分成几步</code>来完成。</li><li>③ 运算符优先级不用刻意地去记忆,总体上:一元运算符 > 算术运算符 > 关系运算符 > 逻辑运算符 > 三元运算符 > 赋值运算符。</li></ul></div><h1 id="第三章-附录" tabindex="-1">第三章:附录 <a class="header-anchor" href="#第三章-附录" aria-label="Permalink to "第三章:附录""></a></h1><h2 id="_3-1-字符集和字符集编码" tabindex="-1">3.1 字符集和字符集编码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-1-字符集和字符集编码" aria-label="Permalink to "3.1 字符集和字符集编码""></a></h2><h3 id="_3-3-1-概述" tabindex="-1">3.3.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-3-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to "3.3.1 概述""></a></h3><ul><li>字符集和字符集编码(简称编码)计算机系统中处理文本数据的两个基本概念,它们密切相关但又有区别。</li><li>字符集(Character Set)是一组字符的集合,其中每个字符都被分配了一个<code>唯一的编号</code>(通常是数字)。字符可以是字母、数字、符号、控制代码(如换行符)等。<code>字符集定义了可以表示的字符的范围</code>,但它并不直接定义如何将这些字符存储在计算机中。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>ASCII(美国信息交换标准代码)是最早期和最简单的字符集之一,它只包括了英文字母、数字和一些特殊字符,共 128 个字符。每个字符都分配给了一个从 0 到 127 的数字。</p></div><ul><li>字符集编码(Character Encoding,简称编码)是一种方案或方法,<code>它定义了如何将字符集中的字符转换为计算机存储和传输的数据(通常是一串二进制数字)</code>。简而言之,编码是字符到二进制数据之间的映射规则。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>ASCII 编码方案定义了如何将 ASCII 字符集中的每个字符表示为 7 位的二进制数字。例如:大写字母<code>'A'</code>在 ASCII 编码中表示为二进制的<code>1000001</code>,十进制的 <code>65</code> 。</p></div><ul><li><code>字符集</code>和<code>字符集编码</code>之间的关系如下:</li></ul><p><img src="`+I+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>Linux 中安装帮助手册:</li></ul><p><img src="'+V+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_3-3-2-ascii-编码" tabindex="-1">3.3.2 ASCII 编码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-3-2-ascii-编码" aria-label="Permalink to "3.3.2 ASCII 编码""></a></h3><ul><li>从<code>冯·诺依曼</code>体系结构中,我们知道,计算机中所有的<code>数据</code>和<code>指令</code>都是以<code>二进制</code>的形式表示的;所以,计算机中对于文本数据的数据也是以二进制来存储的,那么对应的流程如下:</li></ul><p><img src="'+S+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>我们知道,计算机是上个世纪 60 年代在美国研制成功的,为了实现字符和二进制的转换,美国就制定了一套字符编码,即英语字符和二进制位之间的关系,即 ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)编码: <ul><li>ASCII 编码只包括了英文字符、数字和一些特殊字符,一共 128 个字符,并且每个字符都分配了唯一的数字,范围是 0 - 127。</li><li>ASCII 编码中的每个字符都使用 7 位的二进制数字表示;但是,计算机中的存储的最小单位是 1 B = 8 位,那么最高位统一规定为 0 。</li></ul></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 其实,早期是没有字符集的概念的,只是后来为了解决乱码问题,而产生了字符集的概念。</li><li>② 对于英文体系来说,<code>a-zA-Z0-9</code>以及一些<code>特殊字符</code>一共 <code>128</code> 就可以满足实际存储需求;所以,在也是为什么 ASCII 码使用 7 位二进制(2^7 = 128 )来存储的。</li></ul></div><ul><li>在操作系统中,就内置了对应的编码表,Linux 也不例外;可以使用如下的命令查看:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">man</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> ascii</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+U+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>其对应的 ASCII 编码表,如下所示:</li></ul><p><img src="'+O+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>但是,随着计算机的发展,计算机开始了东征之路,由美国传播到东方:</li></ul><p><img src="'+Z+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>先是传播到了欧洲,欧洲在兼容 ASCII 编码的基础上,推出了 ISO8859-1 编码,即: <ul><li>ISO8859-1 编码包括基本的拉丁字母表、数字、标点符号,以及西欧语言中特有的一些字符,如:法语中的 <code>è</code>、德语中的 <code>ü</code> 等。</li><li>ISO 8859-1 为每个字符分配一个单字节(8 位)编码,意味着它可以表示最多 256 (2^8)个不同的字符(编号从 0 到 255)。</li><li>ISO 8859-1 的前 128 个字符与 ASCII 编码完全一致,这使得 ASCII 编码的文本可以无缝转换为 ISO 8859-1 编码。</li></ul></li></ul><p><img src="'+R+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+G+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>计算机继续传播到了亚洲,亚洲(双字节)各个国家分别给出了自己国家对应的字符集编码,如: <ul><li>日本推出了 Shift-JIS 编码: <ul><li>单字节 ASCII 范围:0 - 127。</li><li>双字节范围: <ul><li>第一个字节:129 - 159 和 224 - 239 。</li><li>第二个字节:64 - 126 和 128 - 252 。</li></ul></li></ul></li><li>韩国推出了 EUC-KR 编码: <ul><li>单字节 ASCII 范围:0 - 127。</li><li>双字节范围:从 41281 - 65278。</li></ul></li><li>中国推出了 GBK 编码: <ul><li>单字节 ASCII 范围:0 - 127。</li><li>双字节范围:33088 - 65278 。</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 通过上面日本、韩国、中国的编码十进制范围,我们可以看到,虽然这些编码系统在技术上的编码范围存在重叠(特别是在高位字节区域),但因为它们各自支持的字符集完全不同,所以实际上它们并不直接冲突。</li><li>② 但是,如果一个中国人通过 GBK 编码写的文章,通过邮件发送给韩国人,因为韩国和中国在字符集编码上的高位字节有重叠部分,必然会造成歧义。</li></ul></div><h3 id="_3-3-3-unicode-编码" tabindex="-1">3.3.3 Unicode 编码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-3-3-unicode-编码" aria-label="Permalink to "3.3.3 Unicode 编码""></a></h3><ul><li><p>在 Unicode 之前,世界上存在着数百种不同的编码系统,每一种编码系统都是为了支持特定语言或一组语言的字符集。这些编码系统,包括:ASCII、ISO 8859 系列、GBK、Shift-JIS、EUC-KR 等,它们各自有不同的字符范围和编码方式。这种多样性虽然在局部范围内解决了字符表示的问题,但也带来了以下几个方面的挑战:</p><ul><li><code>编码冲突</code>:由于不同的编码系统可以为相同的字节值分配不同的字符,因此在不同编码之间转换文本时,如果没有正确处理编码信息,就很容易产生乱码。这种编码冲突在尝试处理多种语言的文本时尤为突出。</li><li><code>编码的复杂性</code>:随着全球化的发展,软件和系统需要支持越来越多的语言,这就要求开发者和系统同时处理多种不同的编码系统。这不仅增加了开发和维护的复杂性,而且也增加了出错的风险。</li><li><code>资源限制</code>:在早期计算机技术中,内存和存储资源相对有限。不同的编码标准要求系统存储多套字符集数据,这无疑增加了对有限资源的消耗。</li><li>……</li></ul></li><li><p>针对上述的种种问题,为了推行全球化,Unicode 应运而生,Unicode 的核心规则和设计原则是建立一个全球统一的字符集,使得世界上所有的文字和符号都能被唯一地识别和使用,无论使用者位于何地或使用何种语言。这套规则包括了字符的编码、表示、处理和转换机制,旨在确保不同系统和软件间能够无缝交换和处理文本数据。</p><ul><li><code>通用字符集 (UCS)</code>:Unicode 为每一个字符分配一个唯一的编号(称为<code>“码点”</code>)。这些码点被组织在一个统一的字符集中,官方称之为 “通用字符集”(Universal Character Set,UCS)。码点通常表示为 <code>U+</code> 后跟一个十六进制数,例如:<code>U+0041</code> 代表大写的英文字母 <code>“A”</code>。</li><li><code>编码平面和区段</code>:Unicode 码点被划分为多个 “平面(Planes)”,每个平面包含 65536(16^4)个码点。目前,Unicode定义了 17 个平面(从 0 到16),每个平面被分配了一个编号,从 “基本多文种平面(BMP)” 的 0 开始,到 16 号平面结束。这意味着 Unicode 理论上可以支持超过 110万(17*65536)个码点。</li></ul></li><li><p>Unicode 仅仅只是字符集,给每个字符设置了唯一的数字编号而已,却没有给出这些数字编号实际如何存储,可以通过如下命令查看:</p></li></ul><p><img src="'+j+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>为了在计算机系统中表示 Unicode 字符,定义了几种编码方案,这些方案包括 UTF-8、UTF-16 和 UTF-32 等。 <ul><li><strong>UTF-8</strong>:使用 1 - 4 个字节表示每个 Unicode 字符,兼容 ASCII,是网络上最常用的编码。</li><li><strong>UTF-16</strong>:使用 2 - 4 个字节表示每个 Unicode 字符,适合于需要经常处理基本多文种平面之外字符的应用。</li><li><strong>UTF-32</strong>:使用固定的 4 个字节表示每个 Unicode 字符,简化了字符处理,但增加了存储空间的需求。</li></ul></li><li><code>Unicode 字符集</code>和对应的<code>UTF-8 字符编码</code>之间的关系,如下所示:</li></ul><p><img src="'+J+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_3-2-wsl2-中设置默认编码为中文" tabindex="-1">3.2 WSL2 中设置默认编码为中文 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-2-wsl2-中设置默认编码为中文" aria-label="Permalink to "3.2 WSL2 中设置默认编码为中文""></a></h2><h3 id="_3-2-1-概述" tabindex="-1">3.2.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-2-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to "3.2.1 概述""></a></h3><ul><li>查看 WSL2 的 Linux 发行版的默认编码:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">echo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> $LANG</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+X+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p><code>C.UTF-8</code> 是一种字符编码设置,结合了 <code>C</code> 区域设定和 <code>UTF-8</code> 字符编码。</p><ul><li>① <strong>C 区域设定</strong>:这是一个标准的、最小化的区域设置,通常用于系统默认的语言环境。<code>C</code> 区域设定下,所有字符都被认为是 ASCII 字符集的一部分,这意味着仅支持基本的英文字符和符号。在 <code>C</code> 区域设定中,字符串的排序和比较是基于简单的二进制值比较,这与本地化的语言设置相比相对简单。</li><li>② <strong>UTF-8 编码</strong>:UTF-8 是一种变长的字符编码方式,可以编码所有的 Unicode 字符。它是一种广泛使用的字符编码,能够支持多种语言和符号。每个 UTF-8 字符可以由1到4个字节表示,这使得它兼容 ASCII(对于标准 ASCII 字符,UTF-8 只使用一个字节)。</li></ul><p>因此,<code>C.UTF-8</code> 结合了 <code>C</code> 区域设定和 UTF-8 字符编码的优势。使用 <code>C.UTF-8</code> 时,系统默认语言环境保持简单和高效,同时支持更广泛的字符集,特别是多语言和非英语字符。这样可以在需要兼容性的同时,提供对全球化字符的支持。</p></div><h3 id="_3-2-2-almalinux9-设置默认编码" tabindex="-1">3.2.2 AlmaLinux9 设置默认编码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-2-2-almalinux9-设置默认编码" aria-label="Permalink to "3.2.2 AlmaLinux9 设置默认编码""></a></h3><ul><li>① 搜索中文语言包:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">dnf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> search</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> locale</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> zh</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+W+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>② 安装中文语言包:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">dnf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> glibc-langpack-zh</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+K+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>③ 切换语言环境为中文:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">localectl</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> set-locale</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+$+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>④ 手动加载配置文件,使其生效:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">source</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> /etc/locale.conf</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+Y+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_3-2-3-ubuntu-22-04-设置默认编码" tabindex="-1">3.2.3 Ubuntu 22.04 设置默认编码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-2-3-ubuntu-22-04-设置默认编码" aria-label="Permalink to "3.2.3 Ubuntu 22.04 设置默认编码""></a></h3><ul><li>① 安装中文语言包:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> update</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> && </span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> language-pack-zh-hans</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+ss+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>② 切换环境为中文:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">update-locale</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> LANGUAGE=zh_CN:zh</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+is+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>③ 手动加载配置文件,使其生效:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">source</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> /etc/default/locale</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+as+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p>',309);function ys(us,bs,ms,Cs,Bs,As){return l(),n("div",null,[ls,s("p",null,[s("mjx-container",ps,[(l(),n("svg",ts,es)),ks])]),s("ul",null,[s("li",null,[s("p",null,[i("那么,结果就是:"),s("mjx-container",ds,[(l(),n("svg",rs,Es)),gs])])]),os]),Fs])}const Ts=p(ns,[["render",ys]]);export{vs as __pageData,Ts as default};
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libelf++0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libbfb0-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> python-dev-is-python3</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/161.BPOK9irZ.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>下载源码:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">git</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> clone</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> \</span></span>
|
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libelf++0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libbfb0-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> python-dev-is-python3</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/161.BPOK9irZ.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>下载源码:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">git</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> clone</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> \</span></span>
|
||||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --depth</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 1</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> \</span></span>
|
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --depth</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 1</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> \</span></span>
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||||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --single-branch</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --branch=linux-msft-wsl-${</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">KERNEL_VERSION</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> \</span></span>
|
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --single-branch</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --branch=linux-msft-wsl-${</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">KERNEL_VERSION</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> \</span></span>
|
||||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> https://github.com/microsoft/WSL2-Linux-Kernel.git</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/162.B1eB55rC.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>编译内核代码:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">cd</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> WSL2-Linux-Kernel</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">make</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -j</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> $(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">nproc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">KCONFIG_CONFIG=Microsoft/config-wsl</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/163.VIcU-hkN.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>编译 perf 工具:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">cd</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> tools/perf</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">make</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> clean</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> && </span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">make</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/164.BM9viRZJ.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>复制到 PATH 变量所指向的路径中:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">cp</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> perf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> /usr/bin/</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/165.DpMBA1SK.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_8-4-3-整合" tabindex="-1">8.4.3 整合 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-4-3-整合" aria-label="Permalink to "8.4.3 整合""></a></h3><ul><li>CLion 中配置 perf 的路径:</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/166.DgXuU6LF.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>在 CLion 中通过 perf 运行代码:</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/167.Dnw73s2h.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_8-5-win-中文乱码问题" tabindex="-1">8.5 Win 中文乱码问题 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-5-win-中文乱码问题" aria-label="Permalink to "8.5 Win 中文乱码问题""></a></h2><ul><li>前文,我们提及到,在 Win 中,如果出现<code>中文乱码</code>问题,就需要去<code>语言和区别</code>设置<code>系统区域</code>的编码为 UTF-8 ;但是,这样可能会造成其它的软件出现中文乱码问题,如:Xshell 等。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 之所以,修改系统的编码为 UTF-8 会出现问题,是因为早期的 Win 系统的中文默认编码是 GBK(目前也是,Win 并没有强制第三方软件使用 UTF-8 编码) ,而 Xshell 等也使用的这些编码,一旦我们修改为 UTF-8 之后,可能会造成这些第三方软件出现中文乱码问题(第三方软件适配问题,相信将来应该都会切换为 UTF-8 编码),体验较差!!!</li><li>② 在 Linux 或 MacOS 之所以不会出现中文乱码的问题,是因为这些系统默认的编码就是 UTF-8 。</li></ul></div><ul><li>其实,还有一种解决方案,如下所示:</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/168.SnFXRSaL.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/169.DnoEqOjV.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/170.BJBdn7pw.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>测试一下,是否配置成功:</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/171.DXtQWYsM.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_8-6-clion-中自动导入头文件" tabindex="-1">8.6 CLion 中自动导入头文件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-6-clion-中自动导入头文件" aria-label="Permalink to "8.6 CLion 中自动导入头文件""></a></h2><ul><li>在 CLion 中,最为强大的功能就是直接输入函数,然后让 IDE 帮我们自动导入头文件,包括自定义的头文件,相当实用。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① CLion 中的<code>自动导入头文件</code>的<code>快捷键</code>是 <code>Alt + Enter</code> 。</li><li>② CLion 中的<code>自动提取变量的类型</code>的<code>快捷键</code>是 <code>Ctrl + Alt + V</code> 。</li></ul></div><p><img src="/c/assets/172.hcERTQkN.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>开启自动导入头文件的步骤,如下所示:</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/173.CioraEUv.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/174.kWHWwnc_.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" 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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> https://github.com/microsoft/WSL2-Linux-Kernel.git</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/162.B1eB55rC.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>编译内核代码:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">cd</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> WSL2-Linux-Kernel</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">make</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -j</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> $(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">nproc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">KCONFIG_CONFIG=Microsoft/config-wsl</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/163.VIcU-hkN.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>编译 perf 工具:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">cd</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> tools/perf</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">make</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> clean</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> && </span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">make</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/164.BM9viRZJ.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>复制到 PATH 变量所指向的路径中:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">cp</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> perf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> /usr/bin/</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/165.DpMBA1SK.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_8-4-3-整合" tabindex="-1">8.4.3 整合 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-4-3-整合" aria-label="Permalink to "8.4.3 整合""></a></h3><ul><li>CLion 中配置 perf 的路径:</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/166.DgXuU6LF.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>在 CLion 中通过 perf 运行代码:</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/167.Dnw73s2h.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_8-5-win-中文乱码问题" tabindex="-1">8.5 Win 中文乱码问题 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-5-win-中文乱码问题" aria-label="Permalink to "8.5 Win 中文乱码问题""></a></h2><ul><li>前文,我们提及到,在 Win 中,如果出现<code>中文乱码</code>问题,就需要去<code>语言和区别</code>设置<code>系统区域</code>的编码为 UTF-8 ;但是,这样可能会造成其它的软件出现中文乱码问题,如:Xshell 等。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 之所以,修改系统的编码为 UTF-8 会出现问题,是因为早期的 Win 系统的中文默认编码是 GBK(目前也是,Win 并没有强制第三方软件使用 UTF-8 编码) ,而 Xshell 等也使用的这些编码,一旦我们修改为 UTF-8 之后,可能会造成这些第三方软件出现中文乱码问题(第三方软件适配问题,相信将来应该都会切换为 UTF-8 编码),体验较差!!!</li><li>② 在 Linux 或 MacOS 之所以不会出现中文乱码的问题,是因为这些系统默认的编码就是 UTF-8 。</li></ul></div><ul><li>其实,还有一种解决方案,如下所示:</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/168.SnFXRSaL.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/169.DnoEqOjV.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/170.BJBdn7pw.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>测试一下,是否配置成功:</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/171.DXtQWYsM.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_8-6-clion-中自动导入头文件" tabindex="-1">8.6 CLion 中自动导入头文件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-6-clion-中自动导入头文件" aria-label="Permalink to "8.6 CLion 中自动导入头文件""></a></h2><ul><li>在 CLion 中,最为强大的功能就是直接输入函数,然后让 IDE 帮我们自动导入头文件,包括自定义的头文件,相当实用。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① CLion 中的<code>自动导入头文件</code>的<code>快捷键</code>是 <code>Alt + Enter</code> 。</li><li>② CLion 中的<code>自动提取变量的类型</code>的<code>快捷键</code>是 <code>Ctrl + Alt + V</code> 。</li></ul></div><p><img src="/c/assets/172.hcERTQkN.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>开启自动导入头文件的步骤,如下所示:</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/173.CioraEUv.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/174.kWHWwnc_.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_8-7-wsl-启用-systemd" tabindex="-1">8.7 WSL 启用 systemd <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-7-wsl-启用-systemd" aria-label="Permalink to "8.7 WSL 启用 systemd""></a></h2><h3 id="_8-7-1-概述" tabindex="-1">8.7.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-7-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to "8.7.1 概述""></a></h3><ul><li>根据 <a href="https://systemd.io/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">systemd.io</a>:“systemd 是 Linux 系统的基本构建基块套件。 它提供一个系统和服务管理器,该管理器作为 PID 1 运行并启动系统的其余部分。”</li><li>Systemd 主要是一个 init 系统和服务管理器,它包括按需启动守护程序、装载和自动装载点维护、快照支持以及使用 Linux 控制组进行跟踪等功能。</li><li>大多数主要的 Linux 发行版现在都运行 systemd,因此在 WSL 上启用它可使体验更接近于使用裸机 Linux。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>默认情况下,在 WSL2 中,只有 Ubuntu 才会将 systemd 作为 pid-1 的守护进程启动整个 WSL2,而其余的 Linux 的守护进程并不是这样的。</p></div><ul><li>检查进程树,判断 systemd 是否正在运行:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">ps</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -p</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 1</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> comm=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 如果显示 systemd ,则表示 systemd 正在运行</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/175.DhVZ6aP-.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_8-7-2-操作步骤" tabindex="-1">8.7.2 操作步骤 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-7-2-操作步骤" aria-label="Permalink to "8.7.2 操作步骤""></a></h3><ul><li>① 查询 WSL2 的版本,确保 WSL2 的版本为 <code>0.67.6</code> 或更高版本:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 如果未满足要求,则使用 wsl --update 更新 WSL2 版本</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">wsl</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --version</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 在 win 中的 cmd 或 PowerShell</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/176.CUl5g8VJ.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>② 向 <code>/etc/wsl.conf</code> 配置文件中写入以下内容:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">cat</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> <<</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">EOF</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> |</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> tee</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> /etc/wsl.conf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
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||||||
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">[boot]</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">systemd=true</span></span>
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||||||
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">EOF</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/177.FJeffiE3.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>③ 重启 WSL 实例:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">wsl</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --shutdown</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 在 win 中的 cmd 或 PowerShell</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/178.Bee0LcNX.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>④ 查看是否启用成功:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">ps</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -p</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 1</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> comm=</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/179.BDqd1eDo.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-39a288b8 data-v-e257564d><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-e257564d><!----><div class="last-updated" data-v-e257564d><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-e257564d data-v-e98dd255>上次更新: <time datetime="2024-08-26T08:18:00.000Z" data-v-e98dd255></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" aria-labelledby="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d>Pager</span><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link prev" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/00_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>上一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>编程基础</span><!--]--></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link next" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/02_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>下一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>变量和进制</span><!--]--></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-5d98c3a5 data-v-e315a0ad><div class="container" data-v-e315a0ad><p class="message" data-v-e315a0ad>Released under the MIT License.</p><p class="copyright" data-v-e315a0ad>Copyright © 2024 许大仙</p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br></div></div><ul><li>其实,C 语言的底层逻辑很简单,C 语言压根不关心你定义的是有符号数还是无符号数,它只关心内存(如果定义的是有符号数,那就按照有符号数的规则来存储;如果定义的是无符号数,那就按照无符号数的规则来存储)。换言之,有符号数可以按照无符号数的规则来输出,无符号数也可以按照有符号数的规则来输出,至于输出结果对不对,那是程序员的事情,和 C 语言没有任何关系。</li></ul><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><ul><li>① 实际开发中,<code>printf</code> 函数中的常量、变量或表达式,需要和格式占位符一一对应;否则,将会出现数据错误的现象。</li><li>② 正因为上述的原因,很多现代化的编程语言,如:Java 等,直接取消了无符号的概念。但是,很多数据库是使用 C 语言开发的,如:MySQL 等,就提供了创建数据表的字段为无符号类型的功能,即:<code>UNSIGNED</code>(正整数) ,不要感觉困惑!!!</li><li>③ 对于 <code>1000 0000 …… 0000 0000</code> 这个特殊的补码,无法按照上述的方法转换为原码,所以计算机直接规定这个补码对应的值就是 <code>-2³¹</code>,至于为什么,下节我们会详细分析。</li></ul></div></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-39a288b8 data-v-e257564d><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-e257564d><!----><div class="last-updated" data-v-e257564d><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-e257564d data-v-e98dd255>上次更新: <time datetime="2024-08-26T06:06:37.000Z" data-v-e98dd255></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" aria-labelledby="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d>Pager</span><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link prev" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/01_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>上一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>C 语言入门</span><!--]--></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link next" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/03_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>下一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>数据类型和运算符</span><!--]--></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-5d98c3a5 data-v-e315a0ad><div class="container" data-v-e315a0ad><p class="message" data-v-e315a0ad>Released under the MIT License.</p><p class="copyright" data-v-e315a0ad>Copyright © 2024 许大仙</p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br></div></div><ul><li>其实,C 语言的底层逻辑很简单,C 语言压根不关心你定义的是有符号数还是无符号数,它只关心内存(如果定义的是有符号数,那就按照有符号数的规则来存储;如果定义的是无符号数,那就按照无符号数的规则来存储)。换言之,有符号数可以按照无符号数的规则来输出,无符号数也可以按照有符号数的规则来输出,至于输出结果对不对,那是程序员的事情,和 C 语言没有任何关系。</li></ul><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><ul><li>① 实际开发中,<code>printf</code> 函数中的常量、变量或表达式,需要和格式占位符一一对应;否则,将会出现数据错误的现象。</li><li>② 正因为上述的原因,很多现代化的编程语言,如:Java 等,直接取消了无符号的概念。但是,很多数据库是使用 C 语言开发的,如:MySQL 等,就提供了创建数据表的字段为无符号类型的功能,即:<code>UNSIGNED</code>(正整数) ,不要感觉困惑!!!</li><li>③ 对于 <code>1000 0000 …… 0000 0000</code> 这个特殊的补码,无法按照上述的方法转换为原码,所以计算机直接规定这个补码对应的值就是 <code>-2³¹</code>,至于为什么,下节我们会详细分析。</li></ul></div></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-39a288b8 data-v-e257564d><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-e257564d><!----><div class="last-updated" data-v-e257564d><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-e257564d data-v-e98dd255>上次更新: <time datetime="2024-08-26T06:06:37.000Z" data-v-e98dd255></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" aria-labelledby="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d>Pager</span><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link prev" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/01_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>上一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>C 语言入门</span><!--]--></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link next" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/03_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>下一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>数据类型和运算符</span><!--]--></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-5d98c3a5 data-v-e315a0ad><div class="container" data-v-e315a0ad><p class="message" data-v-e315a0ad>Released under the MIT License.</p><p class="copyright" data-v-e315a0ad>Copyright © 2024 许大仙</p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"result = </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">%d\n</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, result);</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> // result = 110</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"result = </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">%d\n</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, result);</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> // result = 110</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div><h2 id="_2-8-运算符优先级" tabindex="-1">2.8 运算符优先级 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-8-运算符优先级" aria-label="Permalink to "2.8 运算符优先级""></a></h2><ul><li>C 语言中运算符的优先级,如下所示:</li></ul><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th><strong>优先级</strong></th><th><strong>运算符</strong></th><th><strong>名称或含义</strong></th><th><strong>结合方向</strong></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>1</strong></td><td><code>[]</code></td><td>数组下标</td><td>➡️(从左到右)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>()</code></td><td>圆括号</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>.</code></td><td>成员选择(对象)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>-></code></td><td>成员选择(指针)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>2</strong></td><td><code>-</code></td><td>负号运算符</td><td>⬅️(从右到左)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>(类型)</code></td><td>强制类型转换</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>++</code></td><td>自增运算符</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>--</code></td><td>自减运算符</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>*</code></td><td>取值运算符</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>&</code></td><td>取地址运算符</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>!</code></td><td>逻辑非运算符</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>~</code></td><td>按位取反运算符</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>sizeof</code></td><td>长度运算符</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>3</strong></td><td><code>/</code></td><td>除</td><td>➡️(从左到右)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>*</code></td><td>乘</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>%</code></td><td>余数(取模)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>4</strong></td><td><code>+</code></td><td>加</td><td>➡️(从左到右)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>-</code></td><td>减</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>5</strong></td><td><code><<</code></td><td>左移</td><td>➡️(从左到右)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>>></code></td><td>右移</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>6</strong></td><td><code>></code></td><td>大于</td><td>➡️(从左到右)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>>=</code></td><td>大于等于</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code><</code></td><td>小于</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code><=</code></td><td>小于等于</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>7</strong></td><td><code>==</code></td><td>等于</td><td>➡️(从左到右)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>!=</code></td><td>不等于</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>8</strong></td><td><code>&</code></td><td>按位与</td><td>➡️(从左到右)</td></tr><tr><td><strong>9</strong></td><td><code>^</code></td><td>按位异或</td><td>➡️(从左到右)</td></tr><tr><td><strong>10</strong></td><td><code>|</code></td><td>按位或</td><td>➡️(从左到右)</td></tr><tr><td><strong>11</strong></td><td><code>&&</code></td><td>逻辑与</td><td>➡️(从左到右)</td></tr><tr><td><strong>12</strong></td><td><code>||</code></td><td>逻辑或</td><td>➡️(从左到右)</td></tr><tr><td><strong>13</strong></td><td><code>?:</code></td><td>条件运算符</td><td>⬅️(从右到左)</td></tr><tr><td><strong>14</strong></td><td><code>=</code></td><td>赋值运算符</td><td>⬅️(从右到左)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>/=</code></td><td>除后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>*=</code></td><td>乘后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>%=</code></td><td>取模后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>+=</code></td><td>加后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>-=</code></td><td>减后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code><<=</code></td><td>左移后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>>>=</code></td><td>右移后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>&=</code></td><td>按位与后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>^=</code></td><td>按位异或后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>|=</code></td><td>按位或后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>15</strong></td><td><code>,</code></td><td>逗号运算符</td><td>➡️(从左到右)</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="warning custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">WARNING</p><p></p><ul><li>① 不要过多的依赖运算符的优先级来控制表达式的执行顺序,这样可读性太差,尽量<code>使用小括号来控制</code>表达式的执行顺序。</li><li>② 不要把一个表达式写得过于复杂,如果一个表达式过于复杂,则把它<code>分成几步</code>来完成。</li><li>③ 运算符优先级不用刻意地去记忆,总体上:一元运算符 > 算术运算符 > 关系运算符 > 逻辑运算符 > 三元运算符 > 赋值运算符。</li></ul></div><h1 id="第三章-附录" tabindex="-1">第三章:附录 <a class="header-anchor" href="#第三章-附录" aria-label="Permalink to "第三章:附录""></a></h1><h2 id="_3-1-字符集和字符集编码" tabindex="-1">3.1 字符集和字符集编码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-1-字符集和字符集编码" aria-label="Permalink to "3.1 字符集和字符集编码""></a></h2><h3 id="_3-3-1-概述" tabindex="-1">3.3.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-3-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to "3.3.1 概述""></a></h3><ul><li>字符集和字符集编码(简称编码)计算机系统中处理文本数据的两个基本概念,它们密切相关但又有区别。</li><li>字符集(Character Set)是一组字符的集合,其中每个字符都被分配了一个<code>唯一的编号</code>(通常是数字)。字符可以是字母、数字、符号、控制代码(如换行符)等。<code>字符集定义了可以表示的字符的范围</code>,但它并不直接定义如何将这些字符存储在计算机中。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>ASCII(美国信息交换标准代码)是最早期和最简单的字符集之一,它只包括了英文字母、数字和一些特殊字符,共 128 个字符。每个字符都分配给了一个从 0 到 127 的数字。</p></div><ul><li>字符集编码(Character Encoding,简称编码)是一种方案或方法,<code>它定义了如何将字符集中的字符转换为计算机存储和传输的数据(通常是一串二进制数字)</code>。简而言之,编码是字符到二进制数据之间的映射规则。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>ASCII 编码方案定义了如何将 ASCII 字符集中的每个字符表示为 7 位的二进制数字。例如:大写字母<code>'A'</code>在 ASCII 编码中表示为二进制的<code>1000001</code>,十进制的 <code>65</code> 。</p></div><ul><li><code>字符集</code>和<code>字符集编码</code>之间的关系如下:</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/35.CGTVELeO.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>Linux 中安装帮助手册:</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/36.Bz4_lEH0.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_3-3-2-ascii-编码" tabindex="-1">3.3.2 ASCII 编码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-3-2-ascii-编码" aria-label="Permalink to "3.3.2 ASCII 编码""></a></h3><ul><li>从<code>冯·诺依曼</code>体系结构中,我们知道,计算机中所有的<code>数据</code>和<code>指令</code>都是以<code>二进制</code>的形式表示的;所以,计算机中对于文本数据的数据也是以二进制来存储的,那么对应的流程如下:</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/37.CcDWE4nn.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>我们知道,计算机是上个世纪 60 年代在美国研制成功的,为了实现字符和二进制的转换,美国就制定了一套字符编码,即英语字符和二进制位之间的关系,即 ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)编码: <ul><li>ASCII 编码只包括了英文字符、数字和一些特殊字符,一共 128 个字符,并且每个字符都分配了唯一的数字,范围是 0 - 127。</li><li>ASCII 编码中的每个字符都使用 7 位的二进制数字表示;但是,计算机中的存储的最小单位是 1 B = 8 位,那么最高位统一规定为 0 。</li></ul></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 其实,早期是没有字符集的概念的,只是后来为了解决乱码问题,而产生了字符集的概念。</li><li>② 对于英文体系来说,<code>a-zA-Z0-9</code>以及一些<code>特殊字符</code>一共 <code>128</code> 就可以满足实际存储需求;所以,在也是为什么 ASCII 码使用 7 位二进制(2^7 = 128 )来存储的。</li></ul></div><ul><li>在操作系统中,就内置了对应的编码表,Linux 也不例外;可以使用如下的命令查看:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">man</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> ascii</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/38.B7y2_JVX.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>其对应的 ASCII 编码表,如下所示:</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/39.Btcc3rs2.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>但是,随着计算机的发展,计算机开始了东征之路,由美国传播到东方:</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/40.CR4ARW8y.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>先是传播到了欧洲,欧洲在兼容 ASCII 编码的基础上,推出了 ISO8859-1 编码,即: <ul><li>ISO8859-1 编码包括基本的拉丁字母表、数字、标点符号,以及西欧语言中特有的一些字符,如:法语中的 <code>è</code>、德语中的 <code>ü</code> 等。</li><li>ISO 8859-1 为每个字符分配一个单字节(8 位)编码,意味着它可以表示最多 256 (2^8)个不同的字符(编号从 0 到 255)。</li><li>ISO 8859-1 的前 128 个字符与 ASCII 编码完全一致,这使得 ASCII 编码的文本可以无缝转换为 ISO 8859-1 编码。</li></ul></li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/39.Btcc3rs2.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/42.DOX3ymYP.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>计算机继续传播到了亚洲,亚洲(双字节)各个国家分别给出了自己国家对应的字符集编码,如: <ul><li>日本推出了 Shift-JIS 编码: <ul><li>单字节 ASCII 范围:0 - 127。</li><li>双字节范围: <ul><li>第一个字节:129 - 159 和 224 - 239 。</li><li>第二个字节:64 - 126 和 128 - 252 。</li></ul></li></ul></li><li>韩国推出了 EUC-KR 编码: <ul><li>单字节 ASCII 范围:0 - 127。</li><li>双字节范围:从 41281 - 65278。</li></ul></li><li>中国推出了 GBK 编码: <ul><li>单字节 ASCII 范围:0 - 127。</li><li>双字节范围:33088 - 65278 。</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 通过上面日本、韩国、中国的编码十进制范围,我们可以看到,虽然这些编码系统在技术上的编码范围存在重叠(特别是在高位字节区域),但因为它们各自支持的字符集完全不同,所以实际上它们并不直接冲突。</li><li>② 但是,如果一个中国人通过 GBK 编码写的文章,通过邮件发送给韩国人,因为韩国和中国在字符集编码上的高位字节有重叠部分,必然会造成歧义。</li></ul></div><h3 id="_3-3-3-unicode-编码" tabindex="-1">3.3.3 Unicode 编码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-3-3-unicode-编码" aria-label="Permalink to "3.3.3 Unicode 编码""></a></h3><ul><li><p>在 Unicode 之前,世界上存在着数百种不同的编码系统,每一种编码系统都是为了支持特定语言或一组语言的字符集。这些编码系统,包括:ASCII、ISO 8859 系列、GBK、Shift-JIS、EUC-KR 等,它们各自有不同的字符范围和编码方式。这种多样性虽然在局部范围内解决了字符表示的问题,但也带来了以下几个方面的挑战:</p><ul><li><code>编码冲突</code>:由于不同的编码系统可以为相同的字节值分配不同的字符,因此在不同编码之间转换文本时,如果没有正确处理编码信息,就很容易产生乱码。这种编码冲突在尝试处理多种语言的文本时尤为突出。</li><li><code>编码的复杂性</code>:随着全球化的发展,软件和系统需要支持越来越多的语言,这就要求开发者和系统同时处理多种不同的编码系统。这不仅增加了开发和维护的复杂性,而且也增加了出错的风险。</li><li><code>资源限制</code>:在早期计算机技术中,内存和存储资源相对有限。不同的编码标准要求系统存储多套字符集数据,这无疑增加了对有限资源的消耗。</li><li>……</li></ul></li><li><p>针对上述的种种问题,为了推行全球化,Unicode 应运而生,Unicode 的核心规则和设计原则是建立一个全球统一的字符集,使得世界上所有的文字和符号都能被唯一地识别和使用,无论使用者位于何地或使用何种语言。这套规则包括了字符的编码、表示、处理和转换机制,旨在确保不同系统和软件间能够无缝交换和处理文本数据。</p><ul><li><code>通用字符集 (UCS)</code>:Unicode 为每一个字符分配一个唯一的编号(称为<code>“码点”</code>)。这些码点被组织在一个统一的字符集中,官方称之为 “通用字符集”(Universal Character Set,UCS)。码点通常表示为 <code>U+</code> 后跟一个十六进制数,例如:<code>U+0041</code> 代表大写的英文字母 <code>“A”</code>。</li><li><code>编码平面和区段</code>:Unicode 码点被划分为多个 “平面(Planes)”,每个平面包含 65536(16^4)个码点。目前,Unicode定义了 17 个平面(从 0 到16),每个平面被分配了一个编号,从 “基本多文种平面(BMP)” 的 0 开始,到 16 号平面结束。这意味着 Unicode 理论上可以支持超过 110万(17*65536)个码点。</li></ul></li><li><p>Unicode 仅仅只是字符集,给每个字符设置了唯一的数字编号而已,却没有给出这些数字编号实际如何存储,可以通过如下命令查看:</p></li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/43.Cie9_tkP.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>为了在计算机系统中表示 Unicode 字符,定义了几种编码方案,这些方案包括 UTF-8、UTF-16 和 UTF-32 等。 <ul><li><strong>UTF-8</strong>:使用 1 - 4 个字节表示每个 Unicode 字符,兼容 ASCII,是网络上最常用的编码。</li><li><strong>UTF-16</strong>:使用 2 - 4 个字节表示每个 Unicode 字符,适合于需要经常处理基本多文种平面之外字符的应用。</li><li><strong>UTF-32</strong>:使用固定的 4 个字节表示每个 Unicode 字符,简化了字符处理,但增加了存储空间的需求。</li></ul></li><li><code>Unicode 字符集</code>和对应的<code>UTF-8 字符编码</code>之间的关系,如下所示:</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/44.DLjH9Ges.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-39a288b8 data-v-e257564d><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" 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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div><h2 id="_2-8-运算符优先级" tabindex="-1">2.8 运算符优先级 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-8-运算符优先级" aria-label="Permalink to "2.8 运算符优先级""></a></h2><ul><li>C 语言中运算符的优先级,如下所示:</li></ul><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th><strong>优先级</strong></th><th><strong>运算符</strong></th><th><strong>名称或含义</strong></th><th><strong>结合方向</strong></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>1</strong></td><td><code>[]</code></td><td>数组下标</td><td>➡️(从左到右)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>()</code></td><td>圆括号</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>.</code></td><td>成员选择(对象)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>-></code></td><td>成员选择(指针)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>2</strong></td><td><code>-</code></td><td>负号运算符</td><td>⬅️(从右到左)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>(类型)</code></td><td>强制类型转换</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>++</code></td><td>自增运算符</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>--</code></td><td>自减运算符</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>*</code></td><td>取值运算符</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>&</code></td><td>取地址运算符</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>!</code></td><td>逻辑非运算符</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>~</code></td><td>按位取反运算符</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>sizeof</code></td><td>长度运算符</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>3</strong></td><td><code>/</code></td><td>除</td><td>➡️(从左到右)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>*</code></td><td>乘</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>%</code></td><td>余数(取模)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>4</strong></td><td><code>+</code></td><td>加</td><td>➡️(从左到右)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>-</code></td><td>减</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>5</strong></td><td><code><<</code></td><td>左移</td><td>➡️(从左到右)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>>></code></td><td>右移</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>6</strong></td><td><code>></code></td><td>大于</td><td>➡️(从左到右)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>>=</code></td><td>大于等于</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code><</code></td><td>小于</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code><=</code></td><td>小于等于</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>7</strong></td><td><code>==</code></td><td>等于</td><td>➡️(从左到右)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>!=</code></td><td>不等于</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>8</strong></td><td><code>&</code></td><td>按位与</td><td>➡️(从左到右)</td></tr><tr><td><strong>9</strong></td><td><code>^</code></td><td>按位异或</td><td>➡️(从左到右)</td></tr><tr><td><strong>10</strong></td><td><code>|</code></td><td>按位或</td><td>➡️(从左到右)</td></tr><tr><td><strong>11</strong></td><td><code>&&</code></td><td>逻辑与</td><td>➡️(从左到右)</td></tr><tr><td><strong>12</strong></td><td><code>||</code></td><td>逻辑或</td><td>➡️(从左到右)</td></tr><tr><td><strong>13</strong></td><td><code>?:</code></td><td>条件运算符</td><td>⬅️(从右到左)</td></tr><tr><td><strong>14</strong></td><td><code>=</code></td><td>赋值运算符</td><td>⬅️(从右到左)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>/=</code></td><td>除后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>*=</code></td><td>乘后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>%=</code></td><td>取模后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>+=</code></td><td>加后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>-=</code></td><td>减后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code><<=</code></td><td>左移后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>>>=</code></td><td>右移后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>&=</code></td><td>按位与后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>^=</code></td><td>按位异或后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>|=</code></td><td>按位或后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>15</strong></td><td><code>,</code></td><td>逗号运算符</td><td>➡️(从左到右)</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="warning custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">WARNING</p><p></p><ul><li>① 不要过多的依赖运算符的优先级来控制表达式的执行顺序,这样可读性太差,尽量<code>使用小括号来控制</code>表达式的执行顺序。</li><li>② 不要把一个表达式写得过于复杂,如果一个表达式过于复杂,则把它<code>分成几步</code>来完成。</li><li>③ 运算符优先级不用刻意地去记忆,总体上:一元运算符 > 算术运算符 > 关系运算符 > 逻辑运算符 > 三元运算符 > 赋值运算符。</li></ul></div><h1 id="第三章-附录" tabindex="-1">第三章:附录 <a class="header-anchor" href="#第三章-附录" aria-label="Permalink to "第三章:附录""></a></h1><h2 id="_3-1-字符集和字符集编码" tabindex="-1">3.1 字符集和字符集编码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-1-字符集和字符集编码" aria-label="Permalink to "3.1 字符集和字符集编码""></a></h2><h3 id="_3-3-1-概述" tabindex="-1">3.3.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-3-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to "3.3.1 概述""></a></h3><ul><li>字符集和字符集编码(简称编码)计算机系统中处理文本数据的两个基本概念,它们密切相关但又有区别。</li><li>字符集(Character Set)是一组字符的集合,其中每个字符都被分配了一个<code>唯一的编号</code>(通常是数字)。字符可以是字母、数字、符号、控制代码(如换行符)等。<code>字符集定义了可以表示的字符的范围</code>,但它并不直接定义如何将这些字符存储在计算机中。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>ASCII(美国信息交换标准代码)是最早期和最简单的字符集之一,它只包括了英文字母、数字和一些特殊字符,共 128 个字符。每个字符都分配给了一个从 0 到 127 的数字。</p></div><ul><li>字符集编码(Character Encoding,简称编码)是一种方案或方法,<code>它定义了如何将字符集中的字符转换为计算机存储和传输的数据(通常是一串二进制数字)</code>。简而言之,编码是字符到二进制数据之间的映射规则。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>ASCII 编码方案定义了如何将 ASCII 字符集中的每个字符表示为 7 位的二进制数字。例如:大写字母<code>'A'</code>在 ASCII 编码中表示为二进制的<code>1000001</code>,十进制的 <code>65</code> 。</p></div><ul><li><code>字符集</code>和<code>字符集编码</code>之间的关系如下:</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/35.CGTVELeO.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>Linux 中安装帮助手册:</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/36.Bz4_lEH0.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_3-3-2-ascii-编码" tabindex="-1">3.3.2 ASCII 编码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-3-2-ascii-编码" aria-label="Permalink to "3.3.2 ASCII 编码""></a></h3><ul><li>从<code>冯·诺依曼</code>体系结构中,我们知道,计算机中所有的<code>数据</code>和<code>指令</code>都是以<code>二进制</code>的形式表示的;所以,计算机中对于文本数据的数据也是以二进制来存储的,那么对应的流程如下:</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/37.CcDWE4nn.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>我们知道,计算机是上个世纪 60 年代在美国研制成功的,为了实现字符和二进制的转换,美国就制定了一套字符编码,即英语字符和二进制位之间的关系,即 ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)编码: <ul><li>ASCII 编码只包括了英文字符、数字和一些特殊字符,一共 128 个字符,并且每个字符都分配了唯一的数字,范围是 0 - 127。</li><li>ASCII 编码中的每个字符都使用 7 位的二进制数字表示;但是,计算机中的存储的最小单位是 1 B = 8 位,那么最高位统一规定为 0 。</li></ul></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 其实,早期是没有字符集的概念的,只是后来为了解决乱码问题,而产生了字符集的概念。</li><li>② 对于英文体系来说,<code>a-zA-Z0-9</code>以及一些<code>特殊字符</code>一共 <code>128</code> 就可以满足实际存储需求;所以,在也是为什么 ASCII 码使用 7 位二进制(2^7 = 128 )来存储的。</li></ul></div><ul><li>在操作系统中,就内置了对应的编码表,Linux 也不例外;可以使用如下的命令查看:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">man</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> ascii</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/38.B7y2_JVX.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>其对应的 ASCII 编码表,如下所示:</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/39.Btcc3rs2.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>但是,随着计算机的发展,计算机开始了东征之路,由美国传播到东方:</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/40.CR4ARW8y.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>先是传播到了欧洲,欧洲在兼容 ASCII 编码的基础上,推出了 ISO8859-1 编码,即: <ul><li>ISO8859-1 编码包括基本的拉丁字母表、数字、标点符号,以及西欧语言中特有的一些字符,如:法语中的 <code>è</code>、德语中的 <code>ü</code> 等。</li><li>ISO 8859-1 为每个字符分配一个单字节(8 位)编码,意味着它可以表示最多 256 (2^8)个不同的字符(编号从 0 到 255)。</li><li>ISO 8859-1 的前 128 个字符与 ASCII 编码完全一致,这使得 ASCII 编码的文本可以无缝转换为 ISO 8859-1 编码。</li></ul></li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/39.Btcc3rs2.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/42.DOX3ymYP.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>计算机继续传播到了亚洲,亚洲(双字节)各个国家分别给出了自己国家对应的字符集编码,如: <ul><li>日本推出了 Shift-JIS 编码: <ul><li>单字节 ASCII 范围:0 - 127。</li><li>双字节范围: <ul><li>第一个字节:129 - 159 和 224 - 239 。</li><li>第二个字节:64 - 126 和 128 - 252 。</li></ul></li></ul></li><li>韩国推出了 EUC-KR 编码: <ul><li>单字节 ASCII 范围:0 - 127。</li><li>双字节范围:从 41281 - 65278。</li></ul></li><li>中国推出了 GBK 编码: <ul><li>单字节 ASCII 范围:0 - 127。</li><li>双字节范围:33088 - 65278 。</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 通过上面日本、韩国、中国的编码十进制范围,我们可以看到,虽然这些编码系统在技术上的编码范围存在重叠(特别是在高位字节区域),但因为它们各自支持的字符集完全不同,所以实际上它们并不直接冲突。</li><li>② 但是,如果一个中国人通过 GBK 编码写的文章,通过邮件发送给韩国人,因为韩国和中国在字符集编码上的高位字节有重叠部分,必然会造成歧义。</li></ul></div><h3 id="_3-3-3-unicode-编码" tabindex="-1">3.3.3 Unicode 编码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-3-3-unicode-编码" aria-label="Permalink to "3.3.3 Unicode 编码""></a></h3><ul><li><p>在 Unicode 之前,世界上存在着数百种不同的编码系统,每一种编码系统都是为了支持特定语言或一组语言的字符集。这些编码系统,包括:ASCII、ISO 8859 系列、GBK、Shift-JIS、EUC-KR 等,它们各自有不同的字符范围和编码方式。这种多样性虽然在局部范围内解决了字符表示的问题,但也带来了以下几个方面的挑战:</p><ul><li><code>编码冲突</code>:由于不同的编码系统可以为相同的字节值分配不同的字符,因此在不同编码之间转换文本时,如果没有正确处理编码信息,就很容易产生乱码。这种编码冲突在尝试处理多种语言的文本时尤为突出。</li><li><code>编码的复杂性</code>:随着全球化的发展,软件和系统需要支持越来越多的语言,这就要求开发者和系统同时处理多种不同的编码系统。这不仅增加了开发和维护的复杂性,而且也增加了出错的风险。</li><li><code>资源限制</code>:在早期计算机技术中,内存和存储资源相对有限。不同的编码标准要求系统存储多套字符集数据,这无疑增加了对有限资源的消耗。</li><li>……</li></ul></li><li><p>针对上述的种种问题,为了推行全球化,Unicode 应运而生,Unicode 的核心规则和设计原则是建立一个全球统一的字符集,使得世界上所有的文字和符号都能被唯一地识别和使用,无论使用者位于何地或使用何种语言。这套规则包括了字符的编码、表示、处理和转换机制,旨在确保不同系统和软件间能够无缝交换和处理文本数据。</p><ul><li><code>通用字符集 (UCS)</code>:Unicode 为每一个字符分配一个唯一的编号(称为<code>“码点”</code>)。这些码点被组织在一个统一的字符集中,官方称之为 “通用字符集”(Universal Character Set,UCS)。码点通常表示为 <code>U+</code> 后跟一个十六进制数,例如:<code>U+0041</code> 代表大写的英文字母 <code>“A”</code>。</li><li><code>编码平面和区段</code>:Unicode 码点被划分为多个 “平面(Planes)”,每个平面包含 65536(16^4)个码点。目前,Unicode定义了 17 个平面(从 0 到16),每个平面被分配了一个编号,从 “基本多文种平面(BMP)” 的 0 开始,到 16 号平面结束。这意味着 Unicode 理论上可以支持超过 110万(17*65536)个码点。</li></ul></li><li><p>Unicode 仅仅只是字符集,给每个字符设置了唯一的数字编号而已,却没有给出这些数字编号实际如何存储,可以通过如下命令查看:</p></li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/43.Cie9_tkP.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>为了在计算机系统中表示 Unicode 字符,定义了几种编码方案,这些方案包括 UTF-8、UTF-16 和 UTF-32 等。 <ul><li><strong>UTF-8</strong>:使用 1 - 4 个字节表示每个 Unicode 字符,兼容 ASCII,是网络上最常用的编码。</li><li><strong>UTF-16</strong>:使用 2 - 4 个字节表示每个 Unicode 字符,适合于需要经常处理基本多文种平面之外字符的应用。</li><li><strong>UTF-32</strong>:使用固定的 4 个字节表示每个 Unicode 字符,简化了字符处理,但增加了存储空间的需求。</li></ul></li><li><code>Unicode 字符集</code>和对应的<code>UTF-8 字符编码</code>之间的关系,如下所示:</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/44.DLjH9Ges.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_3-2-wsl2-中设置默认编码为中文" tabindex="-1">3.2 WSL2 中设置默认编码为中文 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-2-wsl2-中设置默认编码为中文" aria-label="Permalink to "3.2 WSL2 中设置默认编码为中文""></a></h2><h3 id="_3-2-1-概述" tabindex="-1">3.2.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-2-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to "3.2.1 概述""></a></h3><ul><li>查看 WSL2 的 Linux 发行版的默认编码:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">echo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> $LANG</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/45.DhSh546m.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p><code>C.UTF-8</code> 是一种字符编码设置,结合了 <code>C</code> 区域设定和 <code>UTF-8</code> 字符编码。</p><ul><li>① <strong>C 区域设定</strong>:这是一个标准的、最小化的区域设置,通常用于系统默认的语言环境。<code>C</code> 区域设定下,所有字符都被认为是 ASCII 字符集的一部分,这意味着仅支持基本的英文字符和符号。在 <code>C</code> 区域设定中,字符串的排序和比较是基于简单的二进制值比较,这与本地化的语言设置相比相对简单。</li><li>② <strong>UTF-8 编码</strong>:UTF-8 是一种变长的字符编码方式,可以编码所有的 Unicode 字符。它是一种广泛使用的字符编码,能够支持多种语言和符号。每个 UTF-8 字符可以由1到4个字节表示,这使得它兼容 ASCII(对于标准 ASCII 字符,UTF-8 只使用一个字节)。</li></ul><p>因此,<code>C.UTF-8</code> 结合了 <code>C</code> 区域设定和 UTF-8 字符编码的优势。使用 <code>C.UTF-8</code> 时,系统默认语言环境保持简单和高效,同时支持更广泛的字符集,特别是多语言和非英语字符。这样可以在需要兼容性的同时,提供对全球化字符的支持。</p></div><h3 id="_3-2-2-almalinux9-设置默认编码" tabindex="-1">3.2.2 AlmaLinux9 设置默认编码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-2-2-almalinux9-设置默认编码" aria-label="Permalink to "3.2.2 AlmaLinux9 设置默认编码""></a></h3><ul><li>① 搜索中文语言包:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">dnf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> search</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> locale</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> zh</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/46.CCFwxiA0.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>② 安装中文语言包:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">dnf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> glibc-langpack-zh</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/47.DCdP5ufU.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>③ 切换语言环境为中文:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">localectl</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> set-locale</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/48.CjdgNuy4.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>④ 手动加载配置文件,使其生效:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">source</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> /etc/locale.conf</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/49.Bg9sWT0a.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_3-2-3-ubuntu-22-04-设置默认编码" tabindex="-1">3.2.3 Ubuntu 22.04 设置默认编码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-2-3-ubuntu-22-04-设置默认编码" aria-label="Permalink to "3.2.3 Ubuntu 22.04 设置默认编码""></a></h3><ul><li>① 安装中文语言包:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> update</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> && </span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> language-pack-zh-hans</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/50.Ma73wRvf.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>② 切换环境为中文:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">update-locale</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> LANGUAGE=zh_CN:zh</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/51.rJLsU7Sw.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>③ 手动加载配置文件,使其生效:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">source</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> /etc/default/locale</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/52.hwwW_QQc.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-39a288b8 data-v-e257564d><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-e257564d><!----><div class="last-updated" data-v-e257564d><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-e257564d data-v-e98dd255>上次更新: <time datetime="2024-08-26T08:18:00.000Z" data-v-e98dd255></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" aria-labelledby="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d>Pager</span><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link prev" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/02_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>上一篇</span><span class="title" 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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-39a288b8 data-v-e257564d><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-e257564d><!----><div class="last-updated" data-v-e257564d><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-e257564d data-v-e98dd255>上次更新: <time datetime="2024-08-06T08:32:38.000Z" data-v-e98dd255></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" aria-labelledby="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d>Pager</span><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link prev" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/03_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>上一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>数据类型和运算符</span><!--]--></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link next" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/05_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>下一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>数组</span><!--]--></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-5d98c3a5 data-v-e315a0ad><div class="container" data-v-e315a0ad><p class="message" data-v-e315a0ad>Released under the MIT License.</p><p class="copyright" data-v-e315a0ad>Copyright © 2024 许大仙</p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-39a288b8 data-v-e257564d><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-e257564d><!----><div class="last-updated" data-v-e257564d><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-e257564d data-v-e98dd255>上次更新: <time datetime="2024-08-06T08:32:38.000Z" data-v-e98dd255></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" aria-labelledby="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d>Pager</span><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link prev" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/03_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>上一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>数据类型和运算符</span><!--]--></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link next" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/05_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>下一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>数组</span><!--]--></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-5d98c3a5 data-v-e315a0ad><div class="container" data-v-e315a0ad><p class="message" data-v-e315a0ad>Released under the MIT License.</p><p class="copyright" data-v-e315a0ad>Copyright © 2024 许大仙</p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br></div></div><div class="warning custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">WARNING</p><p></p><p>在上述示例中,<code>arr</code> 和 <code>&arr</code> 的值是一样的,但是对应的含义是不同的。</p><ul><li>① <code>arr</code> 是数组名,在大多数情况下会转换为数组第一个元素的地址,即:<code>arr</code> 等价于 <code>&arr[0]</code>,其数据类型是 <code>int *</code>。</li><li>② <code>&arr</code>是数组名的地址,即整个数组的地址,它指向数组本身,并不是数组第一个元素的地址,<code>&arr</code> 的数据类型是 <code>int(*)[3]</code>。</li></ul></div></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-39a288b8 data-v-e257564d><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-e257564d><!----><div class="last-updated" data-v-e257564d><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-e257564d data-v-e98dd255>上次更新: <time datetime="2024-08-12T02:47:17.000Z" data-v-e98dd255></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" aria-labelledby="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d>Pager</span><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link prev" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/04_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>上一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>流程控制</span><!--]--></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link next" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/06_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>下一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>指针</span><!--]--></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-5d98c3a5 data-v-e315a0ad><div class="container" data-v-e315a0ad><p class="message" data-v-e315a0ad>Released under the MIT License.</p><p class="copyright" data-v-e315a0ad>Copyright © 2024 许大仙</p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br></div></div><div class="warning custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">WARNING</p><p></p><p>在上述示例中,<code>arr</code> 和 <code>&arr</code> 的值是一样的,但是对应的含义是不同的。</p><ul><li>① <code>arr</code> 是数组名,在大多数情况下会转换为数组第一个元素的地址,即:<code>arr</code> 等价于 <code>&arr[0]</code>,其数据类型是 <code>int *</code>。</li><li>② <code>&arr</code>是数组名的地址,即整个数组的地址,它指向数组本身,并不是数组第一个元素的地址,<code>&arr</code> 的数据类型是 <code>int(*)[3]</code>。</li></ul></div></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-39a288b8 data-v-e257564d><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-e257564d><!----><div class="last-updated" data-v-e257564d><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-e257564d data-v-e98dd255>上次更新: <time datetime="2024-08-12T02:47:17.000Z" data-v-e98dd255></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" aria-labelledby="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d>Pager</span><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link prev" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/04_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>上一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>流程控制</span><!--]--></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link next" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/06_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>下一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>指针</span><!--]--></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-5d98c3a5 data-v-e315a0ad><div class="container" data-v-e315a0ad><p class="message" data-v-e315a0ad>Released under the MIT License.</p><p class="copyright" data-v-e315a0ad>Copyright © 2024 许大仙</p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"Address of array: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">%p\n</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">&</span><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;">arr</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">);</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> // 返回整个数组的地址</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"Address of array: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">%p\n</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">&</span><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;">arr</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">);</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> // 返回整个数组的地址</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"Address of pointer: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">%p\n</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">&</span><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;">ptr</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">);</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> // 返回指针变量ptr的地址</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div></li></ol><p>综上所述,通过这些示例和解释,可以看出数组名虽然在某些场合下可以像指针一样使用,但它并不是一个真正的指针变量,而是一个常量,表示数组的首地址。</p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-39a288b8 data-v-e257564d><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-e257564d><!----><div class="last-updated" data-v-e257564d><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-e257564d data-v-e98dd255>上次更新: <time datetime="2024-08-13T02:39:52.000Z" data-v-e98dd255></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" aria-labelledby="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d>Pager</span><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link prev" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/05_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>上一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>数组</span><!--]--></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link next" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/07_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>下一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>函数</span><!--]--></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-5d98c3a5 data-v-e315a0ad><div class="container" data-v-e315a0ad><p class="message" data-v-e315a0ad>Released under the MIT License.</p><p class="copyright" data-v-e315a0ad>Copyright © 2024 许大仙</p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"Address of pointer: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">%p\n</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">&</span><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;">ptr</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">);</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> // 返回指针变量ptr的地址</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div></li></ol><p>综上所述,通过这些示例和解释,可以看出数组名虽然在某些场合下可以像指针一样使用,但它并不是一个真正的指针变量,而是一个常量,表示数组的首地址。</p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-39a288b8 data-v-e257564d><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-e257564d><!----><div class="last-updated" data-v-e257564d><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-e257564d data-v-e98dd255>上次更新: <time datetime="2024-08-13T02:39:52.000Z" data-v-e98dd255></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" aria-labelledby="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d>Pager</span><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link prev" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/05_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>上一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>数组</span><!--]--></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link next" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/07_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>下一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>函数</span><!--]--></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-5d98c3a5 data-v-e315a0ad><div class="container" data-v-e315a0ad><p class="message" data-v-e315a0ad>Released under the MIT License.</p><p class="copyright" data-v-e315a0ad>Copyright © 2024 许大仙</p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>自定义数据类型</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/10_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>内存管理</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/11_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>文件操作</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-basic/13_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>调试工具和调试技巧(gdb和make)</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/13_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>常用库函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C 语言高级</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 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class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-advance/04_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>链表和回调函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-advance/05_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>编译过程和面向接口</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>项目构建工具</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><section class="VPSidebarItem level-1 collapsible collapsed" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h3 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>meson</h3><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-2 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/03_build/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>meson 入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section><section class="VPSidebarItem level-1 collapsible collapsed" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h3 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Cmake</h3><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-2 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/03_build/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Cmake 入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/03_build/01_${commonDirectoryName}/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Conan </p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><section class="VPSidebarItem level-1 collapsible collapsed" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h3 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Gradle</h3><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-2 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/03_build/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Gradle 入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Linux</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/04_linux/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Linux 初识和安装</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 基础</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/02_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>变量、数据类型、运算符</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/03_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>流程控制</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/04_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>数组</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/05_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>指针</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/06_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/07_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>自定义数据类型</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/08_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>类和对象</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/09_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 引用</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/10_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>继承和派生</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/11_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 多态和虚函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/12_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>运算符重载</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/13_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>模板</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/14_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 异常</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/15_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>面向对象进阶</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/16_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>文件操作和 IO 流</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/17_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>STL(标准模板库)</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><div class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 高级</p><!----></div><!----></div></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><div class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>QT 桌面开发</p><!----></div><!----></div></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><div class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Linux 高并发服务器开发</p><!----></div><!----></div></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-5d98c3a5 data-v-1428d186><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-1428d186 data-v-39a288b8><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-39a288b8><div class="aside" data-v-39a288b8><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-39a288b8></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-39a288b8><div class="aside-content" data-v-39a288b8><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-39a288b8 data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" class="VPDocAsideOutline" data-v-3f215769 data-v-a5bbad30><div class="content" data-v-a5bbad30><div class="outline-marker" data-v-a5bbad30></div><div aria-level="2" class="outline-title" id="doc-outline-aria-label" role="heading" data-v-a5bbad30>目录</div><ul class="VPDocOutlineItem root" data-v-a5bbad30 data-v-b933a997><!--[--><!--]--></ul></div></nav><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-39a288b8><div class="content-container" data-v-39a288b8><!--[--><!--]--><main class="main" data-v-39a288b8><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _c_notes_about_" data-v-39a288b8><div><h3 id="后端技术栈" tabindex="-1">后端技术栈 <a class="header-anchor" href="#后端技术栈" aria-label="Permalink to "后端技术栈""></a></h3><p><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-Spring-6DB33F?logo=Spring&logoColor=FFF" alt="Spring" style="display:inline-block;"> <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-Spring%20Boot-6DB33F?logo=Spring-Boot&logoColor=FFF" alt="Spring Boot" style="display:inline-block;"> <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-MySQL-4479A1?logo=MySQL&logoColor=FFF" alt="MySQL" style="display:inline-block;"> <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-MariaDB-A9A9A9?logo=MariaDB&logoColor=003545" alt="MariaDB" style="display:inline-block;"> <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-PostgreSQL-C0C0C0?logo=PostgreSQL&logoColor=4169E1" alt="PostgreSQL" style="display:inline-block;"> <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-Oracle-C0C0C0?logo=Oracle&logoColor=F80000" alt="Oracle" style="display:inline-block;"> <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-Microsoft%20SQL%20Server-D3D3D3?logo=Microsoft-SQL-Server&logoColor=CC2927" alt="Microsoft SQL Server" style="display:inline-block;"> <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-Redis-DC382D?logo=Redis&logoColor=FFF" alt="Redis" style="display:inline-block;"> <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-MongoDB-47A248?logo=MongoDB&logoColor=FFF" alt="MongoDB" style="display:inline-block;"> <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-RabbitMQ-FF6600?logo=RabbitMQ&logoColor=FFF" alt="RabbitMQ" style="display:inline-block;"> <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-Solr-D9411E?logo=Apache-Solr&logoColor=FFF" alt="Solr" style="display:inline-block;"> <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-ElasticSearch-005571?logo=ElasticSearch&logoColor=FFF" alt="ElasticSearch" style="display:inline-block;"> <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-Logstash-A9A9A9?logo=Logstash&logoColor=005571" alt="Logstash" style="display:inline-block;"> <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-Kibana-A9A9A9?logo=Kibana&logoColor=005571" alt="Kibana" style="display:inline-block;"> <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-Kafka-C0C0C0?logo=Apache-Kafka&logoColor=231F20" alt="Kafka" style="display:inline-block;"> <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-Consul-F24C53?logo=Consul&logoColor=FFF" alt="Consul" style="display:inline-block;"> <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-Tomcat-F8DC75?logo=Apache-Tomcat&logoColor=000" alt="Tomcat" style="display:inline-block;"> <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-JUnit5-25A162?logo=JUnit5&logoColor=FFF" alt="JUnit5" style="display:inline-block;"> <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-Liquibase-2962FF?logo=Liquibase&logoColor=FFF" alt="Liquibase" style="display:inline-block;"> <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-Maven-C71A36?logo=Apache-Maven&logoColor=FFF" alt="Maven" style="display:inline-block;"> <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-Gradle-D3D3D3?logo=Gradle&logoColor=02303A" alt="Gradle" style="display:inline-block;"> <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-Spring%20Security-6DB33F?logo=Spring-Security&logoColor=FFF" alt="Spring Security" style="display:inline-block;"> <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-Hibernate-59666C?logo=Hibernate&logoColor=FFF" alt="Hibernate" style="display:inline-block;"> <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-JSON-000?logo=JSON&logoColor=FFF" alt="JSON" style="display:inline-block;"> <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-JWT-000?logo=JSON-Web-Tokens&logoColor=FFF" alt="JWT" style="display:inline-block;"> <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-Java-F78C40?logo=OpenJDK&logoColor=FFF" alt="Java" style="display:inline-block;"> <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-Python-A9A9A9?logo=Python&logoColor=3776AB" alt="Python" style="display:inline-block;"> <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-Android-C0C0C0?logo=Android&logoColor=3DDC84" alt="Android" style="display:inline-block;"> <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-Go-DCDCDC?logo=Go&logoColor=00ADD8" alt="Go" style="display:inline-block;"> <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-GraphQL-FFF?logo=GraphQL&logoColor=E10098" alt="GraphQL" style="display:inline-block;"> </p><h3 id="前端技术栈" tabindex="-1">前端技术栈 <a class="header-anchor" href="#前端技术栈" aria-label="Permalink to "前端技术栈""></a></h3><p><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-Vue3-C0C0C0?logo=Vue.js&logoColor=4FC08D" alt="Vue3" style="display:inline-block;"> <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-TypeScript-C0C0C0?logo=TypeScript&logoColor=3178C6" alt="TypeScript" style="display:inline-block;"> <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-Ant%20Design-C0C0C0?logo=Ant-Design&logoColor=0170FE" alt="Ant Design" style="display:inline-block;"> <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-Node.js-D3D3D3?logo=Node.js&logoColor=339933" alt="Node.js" style="display:inline-block;"> <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-Vite-D3D3D3?logo=Vite&logoColor=646CFF" alt="Vite" style="display:inline-block;"> <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-Webpack-D3D3D3?logo=Webpack&logoColor=8DD6F9" alt="Webpack" style="display:inline-block;"> <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-NPM-C0C0C0?logo=npm&logoColor=CB3837" alt="NPM" style="display:inline-block;"> <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-Axios-C0C0C0?logo=Axios&logoColor=5A29E4" alt="Axios" style="display:inline-block;"> <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-ESLint-C0C0C0?logo=ESLint&logoColor=4B32C3" alt="ESLint" style="display:inline-block;"> <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-jQuery-0769AD?logo=jQuery&logoColor=FFF" alt="jQuery" style="display:inline-block;"> <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-Bootstrap-7952B3?logo=Bootstrap&logoColor=FFF" alt="BootStrap" style="display:inline-block;"> <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-ECharts-C0C0C0?logo=Apache-ECharts&logoColor=AA344D" alt="ECharts" style="display:inline-block;"> <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-JavaScript-A9A9A9?logo=JavaScript&logoColor=F7DF1E" alt="JavaScript" style="display:inline-block;"> <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-HTML5-A9A9A9?logo=HTML5&logoColor=E34F26" alt="HTML5" style="display:inline-block;"> <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-CSS3-A9A9A9?logo=CSS3&logoColor=1572B6" alt="CSS3" style="display:inline-block;"> <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-Tailwind%20CSS-FFF?logo=Tailwind-CSS&logoColor=06B6D4" alt="Tailwind CSS" style="display:inline-block;"> <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-Less-D3D3D3?logo=Less&logoColor=1D365D" alt="Less" style="display:inline-block;"> </p><h3 id="devops" tabindex="-1">DevOps <a class="header-anchor" href="#devops" aria-label="Permalink to "DevOps""></a></h3><p><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-Git-F05032?logo=Git&logoColor=FFF" alt="Git" style="display:inline-block;"> <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-GitHub-181717?logo=GitHub&logoColor=FFF" alt="GitHub" 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data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>自定义数据类型</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/10_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>内存管理</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/11_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>文件操作</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-basic/13_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>调试工具和调试技巧(gdb和make)</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/13_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>常用库函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C 语言高级</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-advance/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>变量和内存分布</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-advance/02_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>指针强化</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-advance/03_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>结构体和文件的高级用法</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-advance/04_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>链表和回调函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-advance/05_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>编译过程和面向接口</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>项目构建工具</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><section class="VPSidebarItem level-1 collapsible collapsed" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h3 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>meson</h3><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-2 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/03_build/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>meson 入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section><section class="VPSidebarItem level-1 collapsible collapsed" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h3 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Cmake</h3><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-2 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/03_build/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Cmake 入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/03_build/01_${commonDirectoryName}/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Conan </p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><section class="VPSidebarItem level-1 collapsible collapsed" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h3 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Gradle</h3><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-2 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/03_build/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Gradle 入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Linux</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/04_linux/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Linux 初识和安装</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 基础</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/02_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>变量、数据类型、运算符</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/03_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>流程控制</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/04_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>数组</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/05_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>指针</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/06_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/07_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>自定义数据类型</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/08_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>类和对象</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/09_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 引用</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/10_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>继承和派生</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/11_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 多态和虚函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/12_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>运算符重载</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/13_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>模板</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/14_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 异常</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/15_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>面向对象进阶</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/16_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>文件操作和 IO 流</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/17_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>STL(标准模板库)</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><div class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 高级</p><!----></div><!----></div></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><div class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>QT 桌面开发</p><!----></div><!----></div></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><div class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Linux 高并发服务器开发</p><!----></div><!----></div></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-5d98c3a5 data-v-1428d186><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-1428d186 data-v-39a288b8><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-39a288b8><div class="aside" data-v-39a288b8><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-39a288b8></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-39a288b8><div class="aside-content" data-v-39a288b8><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-39a288b8 data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" class="VPDocAsideOutline" data-v-3f215769 data-v-a5bbad30><div class="content" data-v-a5bbad30><div class="outline-marker" data-v-a5bbad30></div><div aria-level="2" class="outline-title" id="doc-outline-aria-label" role="heading" data-v-a5bbad30>目录</div><ul class="VPDocOutlineItem root" data-v-a5bbad30 data-v-b933a997><!--[--><!--]--></ul></div></nav><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-39a288b8><div class="content-container" data-v-39a288b8><!--[--><!--]--><main class="main" data-v-39a288b8><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _c_notes_about_" data-v-39a288b8><div><h3 id="后端技术栈" tabindex="-1">后端技术栈 <a class="header-anchor" href="#后端技术栈" aria-label="Permalink to "后端技术栈""></a></h3><p><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-Spring-6DB33F?logo=Spring&logoColor=FFF" alt="Spring" style="display:inline-block;"> <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-Spring%20Boot-6DB33F?logo=Spring-Boot&logoColor=FFF" alt="Spring Boot" style="display:inline-block;"> <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-MySQL-4479A1?logo=MySQL&logoColor=FFF" alt="MySQL" style="display:inline-block;"> <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-MariaDB-A9A9A9?logo=MariaDB&logoColor=003545" alt="MariaDB" style="display:inline-block;"> <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-PostgreSQL-C0C0C0?logo=PostgreSQL&logoColor=4169E1" alt="PostgreSQL" style="display:inline-block;"> <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-Oracle-C0C0C0?logo=Oracle&logoColor=F80000" alt="Oracle" style="display:inline-block;"> <img 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data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/03_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>数据类型和运算符</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/04_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>流程控制</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/05_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>数组</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/06_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>指针</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/07_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/08_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>预处理器</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/09_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>自定义数据类型</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/10_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>内存管理</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/11_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>文件操作</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-basic/13_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>调试工具和调试技巧(gdb和make)</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/13_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>常用库函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C 语言高级</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-advance/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>变量和内存分布</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-advance/02_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>指针强化</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-advance/03_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>结构体和文件的高级用法</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-advance/04_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>链表和回调函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-advance/05_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>编译过程和面向接口</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>项目构建工具</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><section class="VPSidebarItem level-1 collapsible collapsed" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h3 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>meson</h3><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-2 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/03_build/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>meson 入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section><section class="VPSidebarItem level-1 collapsible collapsed" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h3 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Cmake</h3><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-2 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/03_build/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Cmake 入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/03_build/01_${commonDirectoryName}/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Conan </p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><section class="VPSidebarItem level-1 collapsible collapsed" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h3 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Gradle</h3><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-2 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/03_build/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Gradle 入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Linux</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/04_linux/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Linux 初识和安装</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 基础</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/02_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>变量、数据类型、运算符</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/03_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>流程控制</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/04_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>数组</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/05_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>指针</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/06_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/07_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>自定义数据类型</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/08_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>类和对象</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/09_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 引用</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/10_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>继承和派生</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/11_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 多态和虚函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/12_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>运算符重载</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/13_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>模板</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/14_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 异常</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/15_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>面向对象进阶</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/16_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>文件操作和 IO 流</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/17_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>STL(标准模板库)</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><div class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 高级</p><!----></div><!----></div></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><div class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>QT 桌面开发</p><!----></div><!----></div></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><div class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Linux 高并发服务器开发</p><!----></div><!----></div></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-5d98c3a5 data-v-1428d186><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-1428d186 data-v-39a288b8><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-39a288b8><div class="aside" data-v-39a288b8><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-39a288b8></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-39a288b8><div class="aside-content" data-v-39a288b8><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-39a288b8 data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" class="VPDocAsideOutline" data-v-3f215769 data-v-a5bbad30><div class="content" data-v-a5bbad30><div class="outline-marker" data-v-a5bbad30></div><div aria-level="2" class="outline-title" id="doc-outline-aria-label" role="heading" data-v-a5bbad30>目录</div><ul class="VPDocOutlineItem root" data-v-a5bbad30 data-v-b933a997><!--[--><!--]--></ul></div></nav><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-39a288b8><div class="content-container" data-v-39a288b8><!--[--><!--]--><main class="main" data-v-39a288b8><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _c_notes_" data-v-39a288b8><div><h1 id="c-c-学科" 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data-v-b7550ba0>调试工具和调试技巧(gdb和make)</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/13_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>常用库函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C 语言高级</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-advance/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>变量和内存分布</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-advance/02_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>指针强化</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-advance/03_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>结构体和文件的高级用法</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-advance/04_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>链表和回调函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-advance/05_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>编译过程和面向接口</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>项目构建工具</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><section class="VPSidebarItem level-1 collapsible collapsed" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h3 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>meson</h3><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-2 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/03_build/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>meson 入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section><section class="VPSidebarItem level-1 collapsible collapsed" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h3 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Cmake</h3><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-2 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/03_build/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Cmake 入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/03_build/01_${commonDirectoryName}/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Conan </p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><section class="VPSidebarItem level-1 collapsible collapsed" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h3 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Gradle</h3><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-2 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/03_build/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Gradle 入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Linux</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/04_linux/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Linux 初识和安装</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 基础</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/02_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>变量、数据类型、运算符</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/03_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>流程控制</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/04_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>数组</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/05_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>指针</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/06_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/07_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>自定义数据类型</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/08_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>类和对象</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/09_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 引用</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/10_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>继承和派生</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/11_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 多态和虚函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/12_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>运算符重载</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/13_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>模板</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/14_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 异常</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/15_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>面向对象进阶</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/16_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>文件操作和 IO 流</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/17_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>STL(标准模板库)</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><div class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 高级</p><!----></div><!----></div></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><div class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>QT 桌面开发</p><!----></div><!----></div></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><div class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Linux 高并发服务器开发</p><!----></div><!----></div></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-5d98c3a5 data-v-1428d186><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-1428d186 data-v-39a288b8><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-39a288b8><div class="aside" data-v-39a288b8><div 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