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import{_ as s,c as i,o as a,a6 as n}from"./chunks/framework.hMCIpNYY.js";const l="/c/assets/1.CXNJqOOc.png",e="/c/assets/2.E0LS08Y5.png",t="/c/assets/3.6recRAvz.jpeg",p="/c/assets/4.DcyDw4rB.jpg",h="/c/assets/5.q20QOAIA.png",d="/c/assets/6.CmrWpBzQ.png",k="/c/assets/7.CocAjZjO.png",c="/c/assets/8.CHZSlb-7.png",r="/c/assets/9.RD2M_pYn.png",o="/c/assets/10.CmNKK_Ug.png",u="/c/assets/11.CbGZ55Dj.png",E="/c/assets/12.DpTBR420.png",g="/c/assets/13.XcPl7d9s.png",b="/c/assets/14.Oc1zdsE_.svg",y="/c/assets/15.Dr67r_Ws.png",F="/c/assets/16.C5XiXNVN.png",m="/c/assets/17.DO8XxSV6.jpg",C="/c/assets/18.CUXrdefp.jpeg",v="/c/assets/19.BHR3Faxy.svg",B="/c/assets/20.BPvPBGLi.svg",A="/c/assets/21.96eXHKhR.svg",D="/c/assets/22.DU0JSGBx.svg",_="/c/assets/23.DjDYOeB4.svg",q="/c/assets/24.CSyqvmqg.svg",f="/c/assets/25.uqLiL_yu.png",x="/c/assets/26.CVy9jq-k.svg",P="/c/assets/27.D0s35-Np.svg",T="/c/assets/28.CGctd5l_.svg",N="/c/assets/29.DQIGB6FY.svg",O="/c/assets/30.DBiJDp82.svg",z="/c/assets/31.r0a7UWIb.svg",M="/c/assets/32.-KoNS5D_.svg",w="/c/assets/33.9LAsi3gH.svg",I="/c/assets/34.CbxjdJlI.svg",S="/c/assets/35.DouEaZ2q.svg",U="/c/assets/36.BAASpiz6.svg",R="/c/assets/37.0G4aKrVO.svg",L="/c/assets/38.CSLcq3FJ.svg",j="/c/assets/39.8wVUSUxs.svg",X="/c/assets/40.B8T792CZ.svg",V="/c/assets/41.D7XSVA_S.svg",G="/c/assets/42.BeI_-jpB.svg",J="/c/assets/43.BnCPdx_j.svg",K="/c/assets/44.2VEmYYnq.svg",es=JSON.parse('{"title":"第一章：变量（⭐）","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"notes/01_c-basic/02_xdx/index.md","filePath":"notes/01_c-basic/02_xdx/index.md","lastUpdated":1724652397000}'),Z={name:"notes/01_c-basic/02_xdx/index.md"},H=n('<h1 id="第一章-变量-⭐" tabindex="-1">第一章：变量（⭐） <a class="header-anchor" href="#第一章-变量-⭐" aria-label="Permalink to "第一章：变量（⭐）""></a></h1><h2 id="_1-1-程序中变化的数据" tabindex="-1">1.1 程序中变化的数据 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-1-程序中变化的数据" aria-label="Permalink to "1.1 程序中变化的数据""></a></h2><ul><li>在生活中，我们使用最多的不是固定的数据，而是会变化的数据： <ul><li>① 购物车商品的<code>数量</code>、<code>价格</code>等。</li><li>② 一首歌<code>播放的时间</code>、<code>进度条</code>、<code>歌词的展示</code>等。</li><li>③ 微信聊天中<code>消息条数</code>、<code>时间</code>、<code>语音的长度</code>、<code>头像</code>、<code>名称</code>等。</li><li>④ 游戏中技能的<code>冷却时间</code>、<code>血量</code>、<code>蓝量</code>、<code>buff 时间</code>、<code>金币的数量</code>等。</li><li>……</li></ul></li></ul><ul><li>下图是一个<code>购物车</code>中<code>变化</code>的<code>数据</code>，即：</li></ul><p><img src="'+l+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>那么，在实际开发中，我们就会使用<code>变量</code>来<code>保存</code>和<code>操作</code>这些<code>变化</code>的<code>数据</code>。</li></ul><h2 id="_1-2-变量" tabindex="-1">1.2 变量 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-变量" aria-label="Permalink to "1.2 变量""></a></h2><ul><li>变量的定义：变量是程序中不可或缺的组成单位，最基本的存储单元。其实，变量就是一个存储数据的临时空间，可以向其中存储不同类型的数据，如：整数、小数、字符、字符串等，并且变量中的数据在程序运行的时候可以动态改变。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li><code>变量</code>：用来<code>存储数据</code>的<code>容器</code>。</li><li><code>数据</code>：可以是一个用来计算的<code>数字</code>，如：上文购物车中的<code>价格</code>等；也可以是一句话中的<code>关键词</code>或<code>其它任意格式的数据</code>。</li><li>变量的<code>特别</code>之处就在于<code>它存放的数据是可以改变</code>的。</li></ul></div><ul><li>我们可以将<code>变量</code>想象为一个<code>容器</code>，盒子中<code>装的</code>就是我们想要的<code>数据</code>，并且我们需要<code>给</code>盒子<code>取</code>一个<code>特别的名称</code>；通过这个<code>特别的名称</code>，我们可以<code>给</code>盒子<code>添加数据</code>或<code>移除数据</code>，这个<code>特别的名称</code>就是<code>变量名</code>。</li></ul><p><img src="'+e+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① <code>变量</code>是内存中的一个<code>存储区域</code>，该区域的数据可以在<code>同一类型</code>范围内<code>不断变化</code>。</li><li>② 通过<code>变量名</code>，可以<code>操作</code>这块内存区域，向其中<code>存储数据</code>或<code>获取数据</code>以及<code>移除数据</code>。</li><li>③ 变量的构成包含三个要素：<code>数据类型</code>、<code>变量名</code>、<code>需要存储的数据</code>。</li><li>④ 在生活中，我们会经常说：这件衣服的价格是 <code>100（整型）</code> 元，这双鞋子的价格是 <code>250.5（小数，浮点类型）</code> 元，<code>今天天气真好（字符串类型）</code>之类的话；在计算机科学中，这些都是数据，并且它们是有类型，即：数据类型。（数据类型用于定义变量所能存储的数据的种类以及可以对这些数据进行的操作的一种分类，每种数据类型都有特定的属性和用途，它们决定了变量在内存中如何表示和存储，以及变量可以执行哪些操作）</li></ul></div><h2 id="_1-3-变量的声明和使用" tabindex="-1">1.3 变量的声明和使用 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-3-变量的声明和使用" aria-label="Permalink to "1.3 变量的声明和使用""></a></h2><ul><li>① 变量必须先声明，后使用。</li><li>② 可以先声明变量再赋值，也可以在声明变量的同时进行赋值。</li><li>③ 变量的值可以在同一类型范围内不断变化。</li></ul><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><ul><li>① 在实际开发中，我们通常都会在声明变量的同时，给其赋值，这被称为初始化。</li><li>② 如果不在声明变量的同时，进行初始化，默认情况下，系统会赋予的随机值，我们也称为垃圾值。</li></ul></div><ul><li>示例：先声明，再使用</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> <stdio.h></span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> main</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
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@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ import{_ as s,c as i,o as a,a6 as n}from"./chunks/framework.hMCIpNYY.js";const l
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<span class="line"><span>STORE B, 16 -- 编译 --> 0001,0001,000000010000</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><ul><li>但是，这样的汇编语言还是面向机器的，编程时仍然需要记住和管理大量内存地址，不具备程序的移植性；于是，我们就是使用了高级语言来编写代码，并引入了变量的概念，即：</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> num </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 10</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><ul><li><p>我们使用<code>变量名</code>来<code>关联</code>内存<code>地址</code>，这样我们在编写代码的时候，就可以不用直接操作内存地址，极大地提高了代码的可读性和开发效率。并且，当程序运行完毕之后，程序所占用的内存还会交还给操作系统，以便其它程序使用。</p></li><li><p>综上所述，高级语言编译器的作用就是：</p><ul><li>① 编写源代码时使用变量名。</li><li>② 程序在经过编译器的编译之后，所有变量名被替换为具体地址。</li><li>③ ……</li></ul></li><li><p>此时，我们就可以知道，<code>变量</code>就是内存中用于<code>存储数据</code>的<code>临时空间</code>，并且变量中的值是可以变化的。</p></li><li><p><code>内存</code>中空间的<code>最小单位</code>是<code>字节</code>（Bytes），即 8 个 0 或 1 ，如下所示：</p></li></ul><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span>00011001 00100110 00100110 00100110 00100110 ...</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>计算机中存储单位的换算，如下所示：</p><ul><li>1 B = 8 bit。</li><li>1 KB = 1024 B。</li><li>1 MB = 1024 KB。</li><li>1 GB = 1024 MB。</li><li>1 TB = 1024 GB 。</li><li>……</li></ul></div><ul><li>在内存中，每一个字节都有一个编号，这个编号我们称之为地址。一个变量至少占用 1 个字节（1 个或多个字节），我们将变量的第一个字节所占用的地址（变量的首地址），就称之为该变量的地址。CPU 就可以通过变量地址找到某个变量的值，然后拿到具体的数据进行计算了。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>变量就是保存程序运行过程中临时产生的值。</p></div><ul><li><p>其实，到这里还是有疑惑的？我们说过，一个变量至少会占用 1 个字节，如果一个变量占用了 4 个字节，而 CPU 只会通过变量的地址（首地址）获取数据，那么 CPU 是如何获取完整的数据的？答案就是通过<code>数据类型</code>，数据类型除了限制数据的种类，还限制了数据在内存中所占空间的大小，如上图所示：</p><ul><li>① 假设变量 <code>a</code> 的首地址是 <code>01</code> ，变量的数据类型是 <code>4</code> 个字节。</li><li>② 那么，CPU 就会依次，从 <code>01 ~ 04</code> 中获取数据。</li></ul></li><li><p>再次，剖析下变量的语法格式：</p></li></ul><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span>数据类型 变量名 = 值;</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><ul><li><code>变量名</code>的<code>作用</code>，如下所示： <ul><li>① 当我们<code>编写</code>代码的时候，使用<code>变量名</code>来<code>关联</code>某块内存的<code>地址</code>。</li><li>② 当 CPU <code>执行</code>的时候，会将变量名<code>替换</code>为具体的地址，再进行具体的操作。</li></ul></li></ul><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><p>变量名（标识符）需要符合命名规则和命名规范！！！</p></div><ul><li><p><code>数据类型</code>的<code>作用</code>，如下所示：</p><ul><li>① 变量的数据类型<code>决定了</code>变量所占空间的大小。当我们在声明变量的时候写了数据数据类型，CPU 就知道从变量的首地址位置开始取多少字节。</li><li>② 变量的数据类型<code>决定了</code>两个变量是否能够运行，以及能够做何种运算。例如：JavaScript 就没有 char 类型的变量，都是 string 类型，可以和任意数据类型的数据拼接，并转换为 string 类型；Java 中有 char 类型的变量，底层都会转换 unicode 编码，然后再计算。</li></ul></li><li><p><code>值</code>的<code>作用</code>，如下所示：</p><ul><li>① <code>值</code>就是<code>内存</code>中<code>实际存储</code>的<code>数据</code>。</li><li>② <code>=</code> 是赋值操作符，就是将等号右侧的数据存储到等号左侧的变量名所代表的内存空间。</li></ul></li><li><p>那么，如下代码的含义就是：</p></li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;">// int 数据类型，4 个字节</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;">// num 变量名 -- 关联内存中的一块存储空间</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;">// = 10 将 10 存储到 num 所代表的 4 个字节的存储空间中</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> num </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 10</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><h2 id="_1-7-变量的重要操作" tabindex="-1">1.7 变量的重要操作 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-7-变量的重要操作" aria-label="Permalink to "1.7 变量的重要操作""></a></h2><h3 id="_1-7-1-变量的输出" tabindex="-1">1.7.1 变量的输出 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-7-1-变量的输出" aria-label="Permalink to "1.7.1 变量的输出""></a></h3><ul><li>在计算机中，所谓的<code>输入</code>和<code>输出</code>都是以计算机（CPU 和内存）为主体而言的，即：</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li><p>① 输入：从输入设备(键盘、鼠标、扫描仪)向计算机输入数据。</p></li><li><p>② 输出：从计算机向外部输出设备(显示器、打印机)输出数据。</p></li></ul></div><p><img src="`+g+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>在 C 语言中，提供了 <code>printf()</code> 函数用于输出信息，其函数声明是：</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">const</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> char</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> *</span><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;">__format</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, ...) {</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> num </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 10</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><h2 id="_1-6-变量的重要操作" tabindex="-1">1.6 变量的重要操作 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-6-变量的重要操作" aria-label="Permalink to "1.6 变量的重要操作""></a></h2><h3 id="_1-6-1-变量的输出" tabindex="-1">1.6.1 变量的输出 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-6-1-变量的输出" aria-label="Permalink to "1.6.1 变量的输出""></a></h3><ul><li>在计算机中，所谓的<code>输入</code>和<code>输出</code>都是以计算机（CPU 和内存）为主体而言的，即：</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li><p>① 输入：从输入设备(键盘、鼠标、扫描仪)向计算机输入数据。</p></li><li><p>② 输出：从计算机向外部输出设备(显示器、打印机)输出数据。</p></li></ul></div><p><img src="`+g+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>在 C 语言中，提供了 <code>printf()</code> 函数用于输出信息，其函数声明是：</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">const</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> char</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> *</span><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;">__format</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, ...) {</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> ...</span></span>
|
||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><ul><li><code>printf</code> 的标准含义是格式化输出文本，来源于 <code>print formatted（格式化打印）</code>的缩写，其语法规则，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="`+b+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 格式化字符串：是使用双引号括起来的字符串，里面包含了普通的字符串和格式占位符。</li><li>② 格式占位符（格式声明符）：由 <code>%</code> 和<code>格式字符</code>组成，作用是将输出的数据转换为指定的格式后输出，这里的 <code>%d</code> 表示整数。</li><li>③ 输出列表：是程序要输出的一些数据，可以是常量、变量或表达式，需要和格式占位符一一对应。</li></ul></div><ul><li><p>在计算机中，二进制、八进制、十进制以及十六进制的英文名称和缩写，如下所示：</p><ul><li>二进制（binary），缩写是 bin。</li><li>八进制（octal），缩写是 oct。</li><li>十进制（decimal），缩写是 dec。</li><li>十六进制（Hexadecimal），缩写是 hex。</li></ul></li><li><p>其实，我们也可以在 Windows 系统中的计算器中来看到，即：</p></li></ul><p><img src="'+y+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><ul><li>① 在生活中的 decimal 是小数的意思。</li><li>② 但是，在计算机中，decimal 的完整含义是 decimal integer ，即十进制整数。</li></ul></div><ul><li>示例：</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> <stdio.h></span></span>
|
||||
<span class="line"></span>
|
||||
@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ import{_ as s,c as i,o as a,a6 as n}from"./chunks/framework.hMCIpNYY.js";const l
|
||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"我今年</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">岁</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">\\n</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, num);</span></span>
|
||||
<span class="line"></span>
|
||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
|
||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br></div></div><h3 id="_1-7-2-计算变量的大小" tabindex="-1">1.7.2 计算变量的大小 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-7-2-计算变量的大小" aria-label="Permalink to "1.7.2 计算变量的大小""></a></h3><ul><li><p>我们可以使用 <code>sizeof</code>关键字（运算符）来计算变量或类型所占内存空间的大小。</p></li><li><p>示例：</p></li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> <stdio.h></span></span>
|
||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br></div></div><h3 id="_1-6-2-计算变量的大小" tabindex="-1">1.6.2 计算变量的大小 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-6-2-计算变量的大小" aria-label="Permalink to "1.6.2 计算变量的大小""></a></h3><ul><li><p>我们可以使用 <code>sizeof</code>关键字（运算符）来计算变量或类型所占内存空间的大小。</p></li><li><p>示例：</p></li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> <stdio.h></span></span>
|
||||
<span class="line"></span>
|
||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> main</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
|
||||
<span class="line"></span>
|
||||
@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ import{_ as s,c as i,o as a,a6 as n}from"./chunks/framework.hMCIpNYY.js";const l
|
||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"数据类型所占内存空间的大小：</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">%zd</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">字节</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">\\n</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">sizeof</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">));</span></span>
|
||||
<span class="line"></span>
|
||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
|
||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><h3 id="_1-7-3-获取变量的地址" tabindex="-1">1.7.3 获取变量的地址 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-7-3-获取变量的地址" aria-label="Permalink to "1.7.3 获取变量的地址""></a></h3><ul><li><p>在 C 语言中，我们可以使用<code>取地址运算符 &</code> 来获取变量的地址。</p></li><li><p>示例：</p></li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> <stdio.h></span></span>
|
||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><h3 id="_1-6-3-获取变量的地址" tabindex="-1">1.6.3 获取变量的地址 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-6-3-获取变量的地址" aria-label="Permalink to "1.6.3 获取变量的地址""></a></h3><ul><li><p>在 C 语言中，我们可以使用<code>取地址运算符 &</code> 来获取变量的地址。</p></li><li><p>示例：</p></li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> <stdio.h></span></span>
|
||||
<span class="line"></span>
|
||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> main</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
|
||||
<span class="line"></span>
|
||||
@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ import{_ as s,c as i,o as a,a6 as n}from"./chunks/framework.hMCIpNYY.js";const l
|
||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"变量 num 的地址(指针)是：</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">%#p\\n</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">&</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">num);</span></span>
|
||||
<span class="line"></span>
|
||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
|
||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div><h3 id="_1-7-4-变量的输入" tabindex="-1">1.7.4 变量的输入 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-7-4-变量的输入" aria-label="Permalink to "1.7.4 变量的输入""></a></h3><ul><li>在 C 语言中，提供了 <code>scanf()</code> 函数用于从标准输入（通常是键盘）中读取数据并根据变量的地址赋值给变量（变量需要提前声明），其函数声明是：</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> scanf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">const</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> char</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> *</span><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;">__format</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, ...) {</span></span>
|
||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div><h3 id="_1-6-4-变量的输入" tabindex="-1">1.6.4 变量的输入 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-6-4-变量的输入" aria-label="Permalink to "1.6.4 变量的输入""></a></h3><ul><li>在 C 语言中，提供了 <code>scanf()</code> 函数用于从标准输入（通常是键盘）中读取数据并根据变量的地址赋值给变量（变量需要提前声明），其函数声明是：</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> scanf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">const</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> char</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> *</span><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;">__format</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, ...) {</span></span>
|
||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> ...</span></span>
|
||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><ul><li>其语法规则，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="`+F+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p><code>&age</code>、<code>&num</code> 中的 <code>&</code>是寻址操作符，<code>&age</code> 表示变量 <code>age</code> 在内存中的地址。</p></div><div class="caution custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">CAUTION</p><p></p><ul><li><p>① scanf() 函数中的 <code>%d</code>，如果是连着写，即：<code>%d%d</code>，那么在输入数据的时候，数据之间不可以使用逗号<code>,</code>分隔，只能使用空白字符（空格、tab 键或回车键），即：<code>2空格3tab</code>或<code>2tab3回车</code>等。</p></li><li><p>② 如果是 <code>%d,%d</code>，则输入的时候需要加上逗号<code>,</code>，即：<code>2,3</code>。</p></li><li><p>③ 如果是 <code>%d %d</code>，则输入的时候需要加上空格，即：<code>2空格3</code>。</p></li></ul></div><ul><li>示例：计算圆的面积，半径由用户指定</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> <stdio.h></span></span>
|
||||
<span class="line"></span>
|
||||
@ -130,9 +130,9 @@ import{_ as s,c as i,o as a,a6 as n}from"./chunks/framework.hMCIpNYY.js";const l
|
||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> × </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> × </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> = </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, a, b, c, result);</span></span>
|
||||
<span class="line"></span>
|
||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
|
||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br></div></div><h2 id="_1-8-标识符" tabindex="-1">1.8 标识符 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-8-标识符" aria-label="Permalink to "1.8 标识符""></a></h2><h3 id="_1-8-1-概述" tabindex="-1">1.8.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-8-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to "1.8.1 概述""></a></h3><ul><li>在 C 语言中，变量、函数、数组名、结构体等要素命名的时候使用的字符序列，称为标识符。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 在上世纪 60 - 70 年代的时候，因为国家贫穷，人民生活不富裕等原因，家长虽然会给孩子取名为：<code>张建国</code>、<code>李华强</code>等。</li><li>② 但是，也会给孩子取小名，如：<code>二狗子</code>、<code>狗剩</code>等，目的是希望孩子能健康成长（养活），像 <code>张建国</code>、<code>李华强</code>、<code>二狗子</code>、<code>狗剩</code>都是名字（标识符），伴随人的一生。</li></ul></div><h3 id="_1-8-2-标识符的命名规范" tabindex="-1">1.8.2 标识符的命名规范 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-8-2-标识符的命名规范" aria-label="Permalink to "1.8.2 标识符的命名规范""></a></h3><ul><li><p>强制规范：</p><ul><li>① 只能由<code>小写</code>或<code>大写英文字母</code>，<code>0-9</code> 或 <code>_</code> 组成。</li><li>② 不能以<code>数字</code>开头。</li><li>③ 不可以是<code>关键字</code>。</li><li>④ 标识符具有<code>长度</code>限制，不同编译器和平台会有所不同，一般限制在 63 个字符内。</li><li>⑤ 严格<code>区分大小写字母</code>，如：Hello、hello 是不同的标识符。</li></ul></li><li><p>建议规范：</p><ul><li>① 为了提高阅读性，使用有意义的单词，见名知意，如：sum，name，max，year 等。</li><li>② 使用下划线连接多个单词组成的标识符，如：max_classes_per_student 等。</li><li>③ 多个单词组成的标识符，除了使用下划线连接，也可以使用小驼峰命名法，除第一个单词外，后续单词的首字母大写，如： studentId、student_name 等。</li><li>④ 不要出现仅靠大小写区分不同的标识符，如：name、Name 容易混淆。</li><li>⑤ 系统内部使用了一些下划线开头的标识符，如：C99 标准添加的类型 <code>_Bool</code>，为防止冲突，建议开发者尽量避免使用下划线开头的标识符。</li></ul></li><li><p>示例：合法（不一定建议）的标识符</p></li></ul><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span>a、BOOK_sun、MAX_SIZE、Mouse、student23、</span></span>
|
||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br></div></div><h2 id="_1-7-标识符" tabindex="-1">1.7 标识符 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-7-标识符" aria-label="Permalink to "1.7 标识符""></a></h2><h3 id="_1-7-1-概述" tabindex="-1">1.7.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-7-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to "1.7.1 概述""></a></h3><ul><li>在 C 语言中，变量、函数、数组名、结构体等要素命名的时候使用的字符序列，称为标识符。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 在上世纪 60 - 70 年代的时候，因为国家贫穷，人民生活不富裕等原因，家长虽然会给孩子取名为：<code>张建国</code>、<code>李华强</code>等。</li><li>② 但是，也会给孩子取小名，如：<code>二狗子</code>、<code>狗剩</code>等，目的是希望孩子能健康成长（养活），像 <code>张建国</code>、<code>李华强</code>、<code>二狗子</code>、<code>狗剩</code>都是名字（标识符），伴随人的一生。</li></ul></div><h3 id="_1-7-2-标识符的命名规范" tabindex="-1">1.7.2 标识符的命名规范 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-7-2-标识符的命名规范" aria-label="Permalink to "1.7.2 标识符的命名规范""></a></h3><ul><li><p>强制规范：</p><ul><li>① 只能由<code>小写</code>或<code>大写英文字母</code>，<code>0-9</code> 或 <code>_</code> 组成。</li><li>② 不能以<code>数字</code>开头。</li><li>③ 不可以是<code>关键字</code>。</li><li>④ 标识符具有<code>长度</code>限制，不同编译器和平台会有所不同，一般限制在 63 个字符内。</li><li>⑤ 严格<code>区分大小写字母</code>，如：Hello、hello 是不同的标识符。</li></ul></li><li><p>建议规范：</p><ul><li>① 为了提高阅读性，使用有意义的单词，见名知意，如：sum，name，max，year 等。</li><li>② 使用下划线连接多个单词组成的标识符，如：max_classes_per_student 等。</li><li>③ 多个单词组成的标识符，除了使用下划线连接，也可以使用小驼峰命名法，除第一个单词外，后续单词的首字母大写，如： studentId、student_name 等。</li><li>④ 不要出现仅靠大小写区分不同的标识符，如：name、Name 容易混淆。</li><li>⑤ 系统内部使用了一些下划线开头的标识符，如：C99 标准添加的类型 <code>_Bool</code>，为防止冲突，建议开发者尽量避免使用下划线开头的标识符。</li></ul></li><li><p>示例：合法（不一定建议）的标识符</p></li></ul><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span>a、BOOK_sun、MAX_SIZE、Mouse、student23、</span></span>
|
||||
<span class="line"><span>Football、FOOTBALL、max、_add、num_1、sum_of_numbers</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><ul><li>示例：非法的标识符</li></ul><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span>$zj、3sum、ab#cd、23student、Foot-baii、</span></span>
|
||||
<span class="line"><span>s.com、b＆c、j**p、book-1、tax rate、don't</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><h3 id="_1-8-3-关键字" tabindex="-1">1.8.3 关键字 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-8-3-关键字" aria-label="Permalink to "1.8.3 关键字""></a></h3><ul><li>C 语言中的关键字是编译器<code>预定义</code>的<code>保留字</code>，它们有<code>特定</code>的<code>含义</code>和<code>用途</code>，用于控制程序的结构和执行。</li><li>C80 和 C90 （ANSI C）定义的关键字，如下所示：</li></ul><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th>类型（功能）</th><th>具体关键字</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>数据类型关键字</td><td><code>char</code>、<code>double</code>、<code>float</code>、<code>int</code>、<code>long</code>、<code>short</code>、<code>signed</code>、<code>unsigned</code>、<code>void</code></td></tr><tr><td>存储类说明符关键字</td><td><code>auto</code>、<code>extern</code>、<code>register</code>、<code>static</code>、<code>typedef</code>、<code>volatile</code>、<code>const</code></td></tr><tr><td>控制语句关键字</td><td><code>break</code>、<code>case</code>、<code>continue</code>、<code>default</code>、<code>do</code>、<code>else</code>、<code>for</code>、<code>goto</code>、<code>if</code>、<code>return</code>、<code>switch</code>、<code>while</code></td></tr><tr><td>结构体、联合体和枚举关键字</td><td><code>enum</code>、<code>struct</code>、<code>union</code></td></tr><tr><td>其他关键字</td><td><code>sizeof</code></td></tr></tbody></table><ul><li>C99 新增的关键字，如下所示：</li></ul><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th>类型（功能）</th><th>具体关键字</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>数据类型关键字</td><td><code>_Bool</code>、<code>_Complex</code>、<code>_Imaginary</code></td></tr><tr><td>存储类说明符关键字</td><td><code>inline</code>、<code>restrict</code></td></tr><tr><td>其他关键字</td><td><code>_Complex</code>、 <code>_Imaginary</code></td></tr></tbody></table><ul><li>C11 新增的关键字，如下所示：</li></ul><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th>类型（功能）</th><th>具体关键字</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>存储类说明符关键字</td><td><code>_Atomic</code></td></tr><tr><td>其他关键字</td><td><code>_Alignas</code>、 <code>_Alignof</code>、 <code>_Generic</code>、 <code>_Noreturn</code>、 <code>_Static_assert</code>、 <code>_Thread_local</code></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><ul><li>① 关键字不能用作标识符（如：变量名、函数名等）。</li><li>② 不要死记硬背这些关键字，在实际开发中，并不一定全部使用到；而且，在学到后面的时候，会自动记住这些关键字以及对应的含义。</li></ul></div><h1 id="第二章-常量-⭐" tabindex="-1">第二章：常量（⭐） <a class="header-anchor" href="#第二章-常量-⭐" aria-label="Permalink to "第二章：常量（⭐）""></a></h1><h2 id="_2-1-概述" tabindex="-1">2.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to "2.1 概述""></a></h2><ul><li>在程序运行过程中，不能改变的量就是常量。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 在数学中的 <code>π</code>，就是一个常量，其值为 3.1415926 。</li><li>② 在生活中，人类的性别只有<code>男</code>和<code>女</code>；其中，<code>男</code>和<code>女</code>也是常量。</li><li>③ ...</li></ul></div><h2 id="_2-2-常量的分类" tabindex="-1">2.2 常量的分类 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-2-常量的分类" aria-label="Permalink to "2.2 常量的分类""></a></h2><ul><li>在 C 语言中的变量的分类，如下所示： <ul><li>① 字面量常量。</li><li>② 标识符常量： <ul><li><code>#define</code> 宏定义的标识符常量。</li><li><code>const</code> 关键字修饰的标识符常量。</li><li>枚举常量。</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 所谓的<code>字面量常量</code>，就是可以直接使用的常量，不需要声明或定义，包括：整数常量、浮点数常量以及字符常量。</li><li>② 所谓的<code>标识符常量</code>，就是使用标识符来作为常量名，包括： <code>#define</code> 宏定义的标识符常量、<code>const</code> 关键字修饰的标识符常量、枚举常量。</li></ul></div><ul><li>示例：字面量常量</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> <stdio.h></span></span>
|
||||
<span class="line"><span>s.com、b＆c、j**p、book-1、tax rate、don't</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><h3 id="_1-7-3-关键字" tabindex="-1">1.7.3 关键字 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-7-3-关键字" aria-label="Permalink to "1.7.3 关键字""></a></h3><ul><li>C 语言中的关键字是编译器<code>预定义</code>的<code>保留字</code>，它们有<code>特定</code>的<code>含义</code>和<code>用途</code>，用于控制程序的结构和执行。</li><li>C80 和 C90 （ANSI C）定义的关键字，如下所示：</li></ul><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th>类型（功能）</th><th>具体关键字</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>数据类型关键字</td><td><code>char</code>、<code>double</code>、<code>float</code>、<code>int</code>、<code>long</code>、<code>short</code>、<code>signed</code>、<code>unsigned</code>、<code>void</code></td></tr><tr><td>存储类说明符关键字</td><td><code>auto</code>、<code>extern</code>、<code>register</code>、<code>static</code>、<code>typedef</code>、<code>volatile</code>、<code>const</code></td></tr><tr><td>控制语句关键字</td><td><code>break</code>、<code>case</code>、<code>continue</code>、<code>default</code>、<code>do</code>、<code>else</code>、<code>for</code>、<code>goto</code>、<code>if</code>、<code>return</code>、<code>switch</code>、<code>while</code></td></tr><tr><td>结构体、联合体和枚举关键字</td><td><code>enum</code>、<code>struct</code>、<code>union</code></td></tr><tr><td>其他关键字</td><td><code>sizeof</code></td></tr></tbody></table><ul><li>C99 新增的关键字，如下所示：</li></ul><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th>类型（功能）</th><th>具体关键字</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>数据类型关键字</td><td><code>_Bool</code>、<code>_Complex</code>、<code>_Imaginary</code></td></tr><tr><td>存储类说明符关键字</td><td><code>inline</code>、<code>restrict</code></td></tr><tr><td>其他关键字</td><td><code>_Complex</code>、 <code>_Imaginary</code></td></tr></tbody></table><ul><li>C11 新增的关键字，如下所示：</li></ul><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th>类型（功能）</th><th>具体关键字</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>存储类说明符关键字</td><td><code>_Atomic</code></td></tr><tr><td>其他关键字</td><td><code>_Alignas</code>、 <code>_Alignof</code>、 <code>_Generic</code>、 <code>_Noreturn</code>、 <code>_Static_assert</code>、 <code>_Thread_local</code></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><ul><li>① 关键字不能用作标识符（如：变量名、函数名等）。</li><li>② 不要死记硬背这些关键字，在实际开发中，并不一定全部使用到；而且，在学到后面的时候，会自动记住这些关键字以及对应的含义。</li></ul></div><h1 id="第二章-常量-⭐" tabindex="-1">第二章：常量（⭐） <a class="header-anchor" href="#第二章-常量-⭐" aria-label="Permalink to "第二章：常量（⭐）""></a></h1><h2 id="_2-1-概述" tabindex="-1">2.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to "2.1 概述""></a></h2><ul><li>在程序运行过程中，不能改变的量就是常量。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 在数学中的 <code>π</code>，就是一个常量，其值为 3.1415926 。</li><li>② 在生活中，人类的性别只有<code>男</code>和<code>女</code>；其中，<code>男</code>和<code>女</code>也是常量。</li><li>③ ...</li></ul></div><h2 id="_2-2-常量的分类" tabindex="-1">2.2 常量的分类 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-2-常量的分类" aria-label="Permalink to "2.2 常量的分类""></a></h2><ul><li>在 C 语言中的变量的分类，如下所示： <ul><li>① 字面量常量。</li><li>② 标识符常量： <ul><li><code>#define</code> 宏定义的标识符常量。</li><li><code>const</code> 关键字修饰的标识符常量。</li><li>枚举常量。</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 所谓的<code>字面量常量</code>，就是可以直接使用的常量，不需要声明或定义，包括：整数常量、浮点数常量以及字符常量。</li><li>② 所谓的<code>标识符常量</code>，就是使用标识符来作为常量名，包括： <code>#define</code> 宏定义的标识符常量、<code>const</code> 关键字修饰的标识符常量、枚举常量。</li></ul></div><ul><li>示例：字面量常量</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> <stdio.h></span></span>
|
||||
<span class="line"></span>
|
||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> main</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
|
||||
<span class="line"></span>
|
||||
@ -1 +1 @@
|
||||
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --depth</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 1</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> \</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --single-branch</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --branch=linux-msft-wsl-${</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">KERNEL_VERSION</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> \</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> https://github.com/microsoft/WSL2-Linux-Kernel.git</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/162.B1eB55rC.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>编译内核代码：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">cd</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> WSL2-Linux-Kernel</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">make</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -j</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> $(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">nproc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">KCONFIG_CONFIG=Microsoft/config-wsl</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/163.VIcU-hkN.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>编译 perf 工具：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">cd</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> tools/perf</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">make</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> clean</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> && </span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">make</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/164.BM9viRZJ.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>复制到 PATH 变量所指向的路径中：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">cp</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> perf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> /usr/bin/</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/165.DpMBA1SK.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_8-4-3-整合" tabindex="-1">8.4.3 整合 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-4-3-整合" aria-label="Permalink to "8.4.3 整合""></a></h3><ul><li>CLion 中配置 perf 的路径：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/166.DgXuU6LF.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>在 CLion 中通过 perf 运行代码：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/167.Dnw73s2h.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_8-5-win-中文乱码问题" tabindex="-1">8.5 Win 中文乱码问题 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-5-win-中文乱码问题" aria-label="Permalink to "8.5 Win 中文乱码问题""></a></h2><ul><li>前文，我们提及到，在 Win 中，如果出现<code>中文乱码</code>问题，就需要去<code>语言和区别</code>设置<code>系统区域</code>的编码为 UTF-8 ；但是，这样可能会造成其它的软件出现中文乱码问题，如：Xshell 等。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 之所以，修改系统的编码为 UTF-8 会出现问题，是因为早期的 Win 系统的中文默认编码是 GBK（目前也是，Win 并没有强制第三方软件使用 UTF-8 编码） ，而 Xshell 等也使用的这些编码，一旦我们修改为 UTF-8 之后，可能会造成这些第三方软件出现中文乱码问题（第三方软件适配问题，相信将来应该都会切换为 UTF-8 编码），体验较差！！！</li><li>② 在 Linux 或 MacOS 之所以不会出现中文乱码的问题，是因为这些系统默认的编码就是 UTF-8 。</li></ul></div><ul><li>其实，还有一种解决方案，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/168.SnFXRSaL.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/169.DnoEqOjV.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/170.BJBdn7pw.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>测试一下，是否配置成功：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/171.DXtQWYsM.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_8-6-clion-中自动导入头文件" tabindex="-1">8.6 CLion 中自动导入头文件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-6-clion-中自动导入头文件" aria-label="Permalink to "8.6 CLion 中自动导入头文件""></a></h2><ul><li>在 CLion 中，最为强大的功能就是直接输入函数，然后让 IDE 帮我们自动导入头文件，包括自定义的头文件，相当实用。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① CLion 中的<code>自动导入头文件</code>的<code>快捷键</code>是 <code>Alt + Enter</code> 。</li><li>② CLion 中的<code>自动提取变量的类型</code>的<code>快捷键</code>是 <code>Ctrl + Alt + V</code> 。</li></ul></div><p><img src="/c/assets/172.hcERTQkN.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>开启自动导入头文件的步骤，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/173.CioraEUv.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/174.kWHWwnc_.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" 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<span class="line"><span>STORE B, 16 -- 编译 --> 0001,0001,000000010000</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><ul><li>但是，这样的汇编语言还是面向机器的，编程时仍然需要记住和管理大量内存地址，不具备程序的移植性；于是，我们就是使用了高级语言来编写代码，并引入了变量的概念，即：</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> num </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 10</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><ul><li><p>我们使用<code>变量名</code>来<code>关联</code>内存<code>地址</code>，这样我们在编写代码的时候，就可以不用直接操作内存地址，极大地提高了代码的可读性和开发效率。并且，当程序运行完毕之后，程序所占用的内存还会交还给操作系统，以便其它程序使用。</p></li><li><p>综上所述，高级语言编译器的作用就是：</p><ul><li>① 编写源代码时使用变量名。</li><li>② 程序在经过编译器的编译之后，所有变量名被替换为具体地址。</li><li>③ ……</li></ul></li><li><p>此时，我们就可以知道，<code>变量</code>就是内存中用于<code>存储数据</code>的<code>临时空间</code>，并且变量中的值是可以变化的。</p></li><li><p><code>内存</code>中空间的<code>最小单位</code>是<code>字节</code>（Bytes），即 8 个 0 或 1 ，如下所示：</p></li></ul><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span>00011001 00100110 00100110 00100110 00100110 ...</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>计算机中存储单位的换算，如下所示：</p><ul><li>1 B = 8 bit。</li><li>1 KB = 1024 B。</li><li>1 MB = 1024 KB。</li><li>1 GB = 1024 MB。</li><li>1 TB = 1024 GB 。</li><li>……</li></ul></div><ul><li>在内存中，每一个字节都有一个编号，这个编号我们称之为地址。一个变量至少占用 1 个字节（1 个或多个字节），我们将变量的第一个字节所占用的地址（变量的首地址），就称之为该变量的地址。CPU 就可以通过变量地址找到某个变量的值，然后拿到具体的数据进行计算了。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>变量就是保存程序运行过程中临时产生的值。</p></div><ul><li><p>其实，到这里还是有疑惑的？我们说过，一个变量至少会占用 1 个字节，如果一个变量占用了 4 个字节，而 CPU 只会通过变量的地址（首地址）获取数据，那么 CPU 是如何获取完整的数据的？答案就是通过<code>数据类型</code>，数据类型除了限制数据的种类，还限制了数据在内存中所占空间的大小，如上图所示：</p><ul><li>① 假设变量 <code>a</code> 的首地址是 <code>01</code> ，变量的数据类型是 <code>4</code> 个字节。</li><li>② 那么，CPU 就会依次，从 <code>01 ~ 04</code> 中获取数据。</li></ul></li><li><p>再次，剖析下变量的语法格式：</p></li></ul><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span>数据类型 变量名 = 值;</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><ul><li><code>变量名</code>的<code>作用</code>，如下所示： <ul><li>① 当我们<code>编写</code>代码的时候，使用<code>变量名</code>来<code>关联</code>某块内存的<code>地址</code>。</li><li>② 当 CPU <code>执行</code>的时候，会将变量名<code>替换</code>为具体的地址，再进行具体的操作。</li></ul></li></ul><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><p>变量名（标识符）需要符合命名规则和命名规范！！！</p></div><ul><li><p><code>数据类型</code>的<code>作用</code>，如下所示：</p><ul><li>① 变量的数据类型<code>决定了</code>变量所占空间的大小。当我们在声明变量的时候写了数据数据类型，CPU 就知道从变量的首地址位置开始取多少字节。</li><li>② 变量的数据类型<code>决定了</code>两个变量是否能够运行，以及能够做何种运算。例如：JavaScript 就没有 char 类型的变量，都是 string 类型，可以和任意数据类型的数据拼接，并转换为 string 类型；Java 中有 char 类型的变量，底层都会转换 unicode 编码，然后再计算。</li></ul></li><li><p><code>值</code>的<code>作用</code>，如下所示：</p><ul><li>① <code>值</code>就是<code>内存</code>中<code>实际存储</code>的<code>数据</code>。</li><li>② <code>=</code> 是赋值操作符，就是将等号右侧的数据存储到等号左侧的变量名所代表的内存空间。</li></ul></li><li><p>那么，如下代码的含义就是：</p></li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;">// int 数据类型，4 个字节</span></span>
|
||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;">// num 变量名 -- 关联内存中的一块存储空间</span></span>
|
||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;">// = 10 将 10 存储到 num 所代表的 4 个字节的存储空间中</span></span>
|
||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> num </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 10</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><h2 id="_1-7-变量的重要操作" tabindex="-1">1.7 变量的重要操作 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-7-变量的重要操作" aria-label="Permalink to "1.7 变量的重要操作""></a></h2><h3 id="_1-7-1-变量的输出" tabindex="-1">1.7.1 变量的输出 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-7-1-变量的输出" aria-label="Permalink to "1.7.1 变量的输出""></a></h3><ul><li>在计算机中，所谓的<code>输入</code>和<code>输出</code>都是以计算机（CPU 和内存）为主体而言的，即：</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li><p>① 输入：从输入设备(键盘、鼠标、扫描仪)向计算机输入数据。</p></li><li><p>② 输出：从计算机向外部输出设备(显示器、打印机)输出数据。</p></li></ul></div><p><img src="/c/assets/13.XcPl7d9s.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>在 C 语言中，提供了 <code>printf()</code> 函数用于输出信息，其函数声明是：</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">const</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> char</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> *</span><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;">__format</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, ...) {</span></span>
|
||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> num </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 10</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><h2 id="_1-6-变量的重要操作" tabindex="-1">1.6 变量的重要操作 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-6-变量的重要操作" aria-label="Permalink to "1.6 变量的重要操作""></a></h2><h3 id="_1-6-1-变量的输出" tabindex="-1">1.6.1 变量的输出 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-6-1-变量的输出" aria-label="Permalink to "1.6.1 变量的输出""></a></h3><ul><li>在计算机中，所谓的<code>输入</code>和<code>输出</code>都是以计算机（CPU 和内存）为主体而言的，即：</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li><p>① 输入：从输入设备(键盘、鼠标、扫描仪)向计算机输入数据。</p></li><li><p>② 输出：从计算机向外部输出设备(显示器、打印机)输出数据。</p></li></ul></div><p><img src="/c/assets/13.XcPl7d9s.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>在 C 语言中，提供了 <code>printf()</code> 函数用于输出信息，其函数声明是：</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">const</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> char</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> *</span><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;">__format</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, ...) {</span></span>
|
||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> ...</span></span>
|
||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><ul><li><code>printf</code> 的标准含义是格式化输出文本，来源于 <code>print formatted（格式化打印）</code>的缩写，其语法规则，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/14.Oc1zdsE_.svg" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 格式化字符串：是使用双引号括起来的字符串，里面包含了普通的字符串和格式占位符。</li><li>② 格式占位符（格式声明符）：由 <code>%</code> 和<code>格式字符</code>组成，作用是将输出的数据转换为指定的格式后输出，这里的 <code>%d</code> 表示整数。</li><li>③ 输出列表：是程序要输出的一些数据，可以是常量、变量或表达式，需要和格式占位符一一对应。</li></ul></div><ul><li><p>在计算机中，二进制、八进制、十进制以及十六进制的英文名称和缩写，如下所示：</p><ul><li>二进制（binary），缩写是 bin。</li><li>八进制（octal），缩写是 oct。</li><li>十进制（decimal），缩写是 dec。</li><li>十六进制（Hexadecimal），缩写是 hex。</li></ul></li><li><p>其实，我们也可以在 Windows 系统中的计算器中来看到，即：</p></li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/15.Dr67r_Ws.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><ul><li>① 在生活中的 decimal 是小数的意思。</li><li>② 但是，在计算机中，decimal 的完整含义是 decimal integer ，即十进制整数。</li></ul></div><ul><li>示例：</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> <stdio.h></span></span>
|
||||
<span class="line"></span>
|
||||
@ -79,7 +79,7 @@
|
||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"我今年</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">岁</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">\n</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, num);</span></span>
|
||||
<span class="line"></span>
|
||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
|
||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br></div></div><h3 id="_1-7-2-计算变量的大小" tabindex="-1">1.7.2 计算变量的大小 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-7-2-计算变量的大小" aria-label="Permalink to "1.7.2 计算变量的大小""></a></h3><ul><li><p>我们可以使用 <code>sizeof</code>关键字（运算符）来计算变量或类型所占内存空间的大小。</p></li><li><p>示例：</p></li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> <stdio.h></span></span>
|
||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br></div></div><h3 id="_1-6-2-计算变量的大小" tabindex="-1">1.6.2 计算变量的大小 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-6-2-计算变量的大小" aria-label="Permalink to "1.6.2 计算变量的大小""></a></h3><ul><li><p>我们可以使用 <code>sizeof</code>关键字（运算符）来计算变量或类型所占内存空间的大小。</p></li><li><p>示例：</p></li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> <stdio.h></span></span>
|
||||
<span class="line"></span>
|
||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> main</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
|
||||
<span class="line"></span>
|
||||
@ -91,7 +91,7 @@
|
||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"数据类型所占内存空间的大小：</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">%zd</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">字节</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">\n</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">sizeof</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">));</span></span>
|
||||
<span class="line"></span>
|
||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
|
||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><h3 id="_1-7-3-获取变量的地址" tabindex="-1">1.7.3 获取变量的地址 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-7-3-获取变量的地址" aria-label="Permalink to "1.7.3 获取变量的地址""></a></h3><ul><li><p>在 C 语言中，我们可以使用<code>取地址运算符 &</code> 来获取变量的地址。</p></li><li><p>示例：</p></li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> <stdio.h></span></span>
|
||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><h3 id="_1-6-3-获取变量的地址" tabindex="-1">1.6.3 获取变量的地址 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-6-3-获取变量的地址" aria-label="Permalink to "1.6.3 获取变量的地址""></a></h3><ul><li><p>在 C 语言中，我们可以使用<code>取地址运算符 &</code> 来获取变量的地址。</p></li><li><p>示例：</p></li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> <stdio.h></span></span>
|
||||
<span class="line"></span>
|
||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> main</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
|
||||
<span class="line"></span>
|
||||
@ -101,7 +101,7 @@
|
||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"变量 num 的地址(指针)是：</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">%#p\n</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">&</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">num);</span></span>
|
||||
<span class="line"></span>
|
||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
|
||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div><h3 id="_1-7-4-变量的输入" tabindex="-1">1.7.4 变量的输入 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-7-4-变量的输入" aria-label="Permalink to "1.7.4 变量的输入""></a></h3><ul><li>在 C 语言中，提供了 <code>scanf()</code> 函数用于从标准输入（通常是键盘）中读取数据并根据变量的地址赋值给变量（变量需要提前声明），其函数声明是：</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> scanf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">const</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> char</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> *</span><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;">__format</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, ...) {</span></span>
|
||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div><h3 id="_1-6-4-变量的输入" tabindex="-1">1.6.4 变量的输入 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-6-4-变量的输入" aria-label="Permalink to "1.6.4 变量的输入""></a></h3><ul><li>在 C 语言中，提供了 <code>scanf()</code> 函数用于从标准输入（通常是键盘）中读取数据并根据变量的地址赋值给变量（变量需要提前声明），其函数声明是：</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> scanf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">const</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> char</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> *</span><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;">__format</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, ...) {</span></span>
|
||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> ...</span></span>
|
||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><ul><li>其语法规则，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/16.C5XiXNVN.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p><code>&age</code>、<code>&num</code> 中的 <code>&</code>是寻址操作符，<code>&age</code> 表示变量 <code>age</code> 在内存中的地址。</p></div><div class="caution custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">CAUTION</p><p></p><ul><li><p>① scanf() 函数中的 <code>%d</code>，如果是连着写，即：<code>%d%d</code>，那么在输入数据的时候，数据之间不可以使用逗号<code>,</code>分隔，只能使用空白字符（空格、tab 键或回车键），即：<code>2空格3tab</code>或<code>2tab3回车</code>等。</p></li><li><p>② 如果是 <code>%d,%d</code>，则输入的时候需要加上逗号<code>,</code>，即：<code>2,3</code>。</p></li><li><p>③ 如果是 <code>%d %d</code>，则输入的时候需要加上空格，即：<code>2空格3</code>。</p></li></ul></div><ul><li>示例：计算圆的面积，半径由用户指定</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> <stdio.h></span></span>
|
||||
<span class="line"></span>
|
||||
@ -154,9 +154,9 @@
|
||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> × </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> × </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> = </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, a, b, c, result);</span></span>
|
||||
<span class="line"></span>
|
||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
|
||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br></div></div><h2 id="_1-8-标识符" tabindex="-1">1.8 标识符 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-8-标识符" aria-label="Permalink to "1.8 标识符""></a></h2><h3 id="_1-8-1-概述" tabindex="-1">1.8.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-8-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to "1.8.1 概述""></a></h3><ul><li>在 C 语言中，变量、函数、数组名、结构体等要素命名的时候使用的字符序列，称为标识符。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 在上世纪 60 - 70 年代的时候，因为国家贫穷，人民生活不富裕等原因，家长虽然会给孩子取名为：<code>张建国</code>、<code>李华强</code>等。</li><li>② 但是，也会给孩子取小名，如：<code>二狗子</code>、<code>狗剩</code>等，目的是希望孩子能健康成长（养活），像 <code>张建国</code>、<code>李华强</code>、<code>二狗子</code>、<code>狗剩</code>都是名字（标识符），伴随人的一生。</li></ul></div><h3 id="_1-8-2-标识符的命名规范" tabindex="-1">1.8.2 标识符的命名规范 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-8-2-标识符的命名规范" aria-label="Permalink to "1.8.2 标识符的命名规范""></a></h3><ul><li><p>强制规范：</p><ul><li>① 只能由<code>小写</code>或<code>大写英文字母</code>，<code>0-9</code> 或 <code>_</code> 组成。</li><li>② 不能以<code>数字</code>开头。</li><li>③ 不可以是<code>关键字</code>。</li><li>④ 标识符具有<code>长度</code>限制，不同编译器和平台会有所不同，一般限制在 63 个字符内。</li><li>⑤ 严格<code>区分大小写字母</code>，如：Hello、hello 是不同的标识符。</li></ul></li><li><p>建议规范：</p><ul><li>① 为了提高阅读性，使用有意义的单词，见名知意，如：sum，name，max，year 等。</li><li>② 使用下划线连接多个单词组成的标识符，如：max_classes_per_student 等。</li><li>③ 多个单词组成的标识符，除了使用下划线连接，也可以使用小驼峰命名法，除第一个单词外，后续单词的首字母大写，如： studentId、student_name 等。</li><li>④ 不要出现仅靠大小写区分不同的标识符，如：name、Name 容易混淆。</li><li>⑤ 系统内部使用了一些下划线开头的标识符，如：C99 标准添加的类型 <code>_Bool</code>，为防止冲突，建议开发者尽量避免使用下划线开头的标识符。</li></ul></li><li><p>示例：合法（不一定建议）的标识符</p></li></ul><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span>a、BOOK_sun、MAX_SIZE、Mouse、student23、</span></span>
|
||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br></div></div><h2 id="_1-7-标识符" tabindex="-1">1.7 标识符 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-7-标识符" aria-label="Permalink to "1.7 标识符""></a></h2><h3 id="_1-7-1-概述" tabindex="-1">1.7.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-7-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to "1.7.1 概述""></a></h3><ul><li>在 C 语言中，变量、函数、数组名、结构体等要素命名的时候使用的字符序列，称为标识符。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 在上世纪 60 - 70 年代的时候，因为国家贫穷，人民生活不富裕等原因，家长虽然会给孩子取名为：<code>张建国</code>、<code>李华强</code>等。</li><li>② 但是，也会给孩子取小名，如：<code>二狗子</code>、<code>狗剩</code>等，目的是希望孩子能健康成长（养活），像 <code>张建国</code>、<code>李华强</code>、<code>二狗子</code>、<code>狗剩</code>都是名字（标识符），伴随人的一生。</li></ul></div><h3 id="_1-7-2-标识符的命名规范" tabindex="-1">1.7.2 标识符的命名规范 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-7-2-标识符的命名规范" aria-label="Permalink to "1.7.2 标识符的命名规范""></a></h3><ul><li><p>强制规范：</p><ul><li>① 只能由<code>小写</code>或<code>大写英文字母</code>，<code>0-9</code> 或 <code>_</code> 组成。</li><li>② 不能以<code>数字</code>开头。</li><li>③ 不可以是<code>关键字</code>。</li><li>④ 标识符具有<code>长度</code>限制，不同编译器和平台会有所不同，一般限制在 63 个字符内。</li><li>⑤ 严格<code>区分大小写字母</code>，如：Hello、hello 是不同的标识符。</li></ul></li><li><p>建议规范：</p><ul><li>① 为了提高阅读性，使用有意义的单词，见名知意，如：sum，name，max，year 等。</li><li>② 使用下划线连接多个单词组成的标识符，如：max_classes_per_student 等。</li><li>③ 多个单词组成的标识符，除了使用下划线连接，也可以使用小驼峰命名法，除第一个单词外，后续单词的首字母大写，如： studentId、student_name 等。</li><li>④ 不要出现仅靠大小写区分不同的标识符，如：name、Name 容易混淆。</li><li>⑤ 系统内部使用了一些下划线开头的标识符，如：C99 标准添加的类型 <code>_Bool</code>，为防止冲突，建议开发者尽量避免使用下划线开头的标识符。</li></ul></li><li><p>示例：合法（不一定建议）的标识符</p></li></ul><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span>a、BOOK_sun、MAX_SIZE、Mouse、student23、</span></span>
|
||||
<span class="line"><span>Football、FOOTBALL、max、_add、num_1、sum_of_numbers</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><ul><li>示例：非法的标识符</li></ul><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span>$zj、3sum、ab#cd、23student、Foot-baii、</span></span>
|
||||
<span class="line"><span>s.com、b＆c、j**p、book-1、tax rate、don't</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><h3 id="_1-8-3-关键字" tabindex="-1">1.8.3 关键字 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-8-3-关键字" aria-label="Permalink to "1.8.3 关键字""></a></h3><ul><li>C 语言中的关键字是编译器<code>预定义</code>的<code>保留字</code>，它们有<code>特定</code>的<code>含义</code>和<code>用途</code>，用于控制程序的结构和执行。</li><li>C80 和 C90 （ANSI C）定义的关键字，如下所示：</li></ul><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th>类型（功能）</th><th>具体关键字</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>数据类型关键字</td><td><code>char</code>、<code>double</code>、<code>float</code>、<code>int</code>、<code>long</code>、<code>short</code>、<code>signed</code>、<code>unsigned</code>、<code>void</code></td></tr><tr><td>存储类说明符关键字</td><td><code>auto</code>、<code>extern</code>、<code>register</code>、<code>static</code>、<code>typedef</code>、<code>volatile</code>、<code>const</code></td></tr><tr><td>控制语句关键字</td><td><code>break</code>、<code>case</code>、<code>continue</code>、<code>default</code>、<code>do</code>、<code>else</code>、<code>for</code>、<code>goto</code>、<code>if</code>、<code>return</code>、<code>switch</code>、<code>while</code></td></tr><tr><td>结构体、联合体和枚举关键字</td><td><code>enum</code>、<code>struct</code>、<code>union</code></td></tr><tr><td>其他关键字</td><td><code>sizeof</code></td></tr></tbody></table><ul><li>C99 新增的关键字，如下所示：</li></ul><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th>类型（功能）</th><th>具体关键字</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>数据类型关键字</td><td><code>_Bool</code>、<code>_Complex</code>、<code>_Imaginary</code></td></tr><tr><td>存储类说明符关键字</td><td><code>inline</code>、<code>restrict</code></td></tr><tr><td>其他关键字</td><td><code>_Complex</code>、 <code>_Imaginary</code></td></tr></tbody></table><ul><li>C11 新增的关键字，如下所示：</li></ul><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th>类型（功能）</th><th>具体关键字</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>存储类说明符关键字</td><td><code>_Atomic</code></td></tr><tr><td>其他关键字</td><td><code>_Alignas</code>、 <code>_Alignof</code>、 <code>_Generic</code>、 <code>_Noreturn</code>、 <code>_Static_assert</code>、 <code>_Thread_local</code></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><ul><li>① 关键字不能用作标识符（如：变量名、函数名等）。</li><li>② 不要死记硬背这些关键字，在实际开发中，并不一定全部使用到；而且，在学到后面的时候，会自动记住这些关键字以及对应的含义。</li></ul></div><h1 id="第二章-常量-⭐" tabindex="-1">第二章：常量（⭐） <a class="header-anchor" href="#第二章-常量-⭐" aria-label="Permalink to "第二章：常量（⭐）""></a></h1><h2 id="_2-1-概述" tabindex="-1">2.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to "2.1 概述""></a></h2><ul><li>在程序运行过程中，不能改变的量就是常量。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 在数学中的 <code>π</code>，就是一个常量，其值为 3.1415926 。</li><li>② 在生活中，人类的性别只有<code>男</code>和<code>女</code>；其中，<code>男</code>和<code>女</code>也是常量。</li><li>③ ...</li></ul></div><h2 id="_2-2-常量的分类" tabindex="-1">2.2 常量的分类 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-2-常量的分类" aria-label="Permalink to "2.2 常量的分类""></a></h2><ul><li>在 C 语言中的变量的分类，如下所示： <ul><li>① 字面量常量。</li><li>② 标识符常量： <ul><li><code>#define</code> 宏定义的标识符常量。</li><li><code>const</code> 关键字修饰的标识符常量。</li><li>枚举常量。</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 所谓的<code>字面量常量</code>，就是可以直接使用的常量，不需要声明或定义，包括：整数常量、浮点数常量以及字符常量。</li><li>② 所谓的<code>标识符常量</code>，就是使用标识符来作为常量名，包括： <code>#define</code> 宏定义的标识符常量、<code>const</code> 关键字修饰的标识符常量、枚举常量。</li></ul></div><ul><li>示例：字面量常量</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> <stdio.h></span></span>
|
||||
<span class="line"><span>s.com、b＆c、j**p、book-1、tax rate、don't</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><h3 id="_1-7-3-关键字" tabindex="-1">1.7.3 关键字 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-7-3-关键字" aria-label="Permalink to "1.7.3 关键字""></a></h3><ul><li>C 语言中的关键字是编译器<code>预定义</code>的<code>保留字</code>，它们有<code>特定</code>的<code>含义</code>和<code>用途</code>，用于控制程序的结构和执行。</li><li>C80 和 C90 （ANSI C）定义的关键字，如下所示：</li></ul><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th>类型（功能）</th><th>具体关键字</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>数据类型关键字</td><td><code>char</code>、<code>double</code>、<code>float</code>、<code>int</code>、<code>long</code>、<code>short</code>、<code>signed</code>、<code>unsigned</code>、<code>void</code></td></tr><tr><td>存储类说明符关键字</td><td><code>auto</code>、<code>extern</code>、<code>register</code>、<code>static</code>、<code>typedef</code>、<code>volatile</code>、<code>const</code></td></tr><tr><td>控制语句关键字</td><td><code>break</code>、<code>case</code>、<code>continue</code>、<code>default</code>、<code>do</code>、<code>else</code>、<code>for</code>、<code>goto</code>、<code>if</code>、<code>return</code>、<code>switch</code>、<code>while</code></td></tr><tr><td>结构体、联合体和枚举关键字</td><td><code>enum</code>、<code>struct</code>、<code>union</code></td></tr><tr><td>其他关键字</td><td><code>sizeof</code></td></tr></tbody></table><ul><li>C99 新增的关键字，如下所示：</li></ul><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th>类型（功能）</th><th>具体关键字</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>数据类型关键字</td><td><code>_Bool</code>、<code>_Complex</code>、<code>_Imaginary</code></td></tr><tr><td>存储类说明符关键字</td><td><code>inline</code>、<code>restrict</code></td></tr><tr><td>其他关键字</td><td><code>_Complex</code>、 <code>_Imaginary</code></td></tr></tbody></table><ul><li>C11 新增的关键字，如下所示：</li></ul><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th>类型（功能）</th><th>具体关键字</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>存储类说明符关键字</td><td><code>_Atomic</code></td></tr><tr><td>其他关键字</td><td><code>_Alignas</code>、 <code>_Alignof</code>、 <code>_Generic</code>、 <code>_Noreturn</code>、 <code>_Static_assert</code>、 <code>_Thread_local</code></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><ul><li>① 关键字不能用作标识符（如：变量名、函数名等）。</li><li>② 不要死记硬背这些关键字，在实际开发中，并不一定全部使用到；而且，在学到后面的时候，会自动记住这些关键字以及对应的含义。</li></ul></div><h1 id="第二章-常量-⭐" tabindex="-1">第二章：常量（⭐） <a class="header-anchor" href="#第二章-常量-⭐" aria-label="Permalink to "第二章：常量（⭐）""></a></h1><h2 id="_2-1-概述" tabindex="-1">2.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to "2.1 概述""></a></h2><ul><li>在程序运行过程中，不能改变的量就是常量。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 在数学中的 <code>π</code>，就是一个常量，其值为 3.1415926 。</li><li>② 在生活中，人类的性别只有<code>男</code>和<code>女</code>；其中，<code>男</code>和<code>女</code>也是常量。</li><li>③ ...</li></ul></div><h2 id="_2-2-常量的分类" tabindex="-1">2.2 常量的分类 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-2-常量的分类" aria-label="Permalink to "2.2 常量的分类""></a></h2><ul><li>在 C 语言中的变量的分类，如下所示： <ul><li>① 字面量常量。</li><li>② 标识符常量： <ul><li><code>#define</code> 宏定义的标识符常量。</li><li><code>const</code> 关键字修饰的标识符常量。</li><li>枚举常量。</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 所谓的<code>字面量常量</code>，就是可以直接使用的常量，不需要声明或定义，包括：整数常量、浮点数常量以及字符常量。</li><li>② 所谓的<code>标识符常量</code>，就是使用标识符来作为常量名，包括： <code>#define</code> 宏定义的标识符常量、<code>const</code> 关键字修饰的标识符常量、枚举常量。</li></ul></div><ul><li>示例：字面量常量</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> <stdio.h></span></span>
|
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<span class="line"></span>
|
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> main</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
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<span class="line"></span>
|
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@ -291,8 +291,8 @@
|
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"b=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">%u\n</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, num);</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> // b=4294967286</span></span>
|
||||
<span class="line"></span>
|
||||
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br></div></div><ul><li>其实，C 语言的底层逻辑很简单，C 语言压根不关心你定义的是有符号数还是无符号数，它只关心内存（如果定义的是有符号数，那就按照有符号数的规则来存储；如果定义的是无符号数，那就按照无符号数的规则来存储）。换言之，有符号数可以按照无符号数的规则来输出，无符号数也可以按照有符号数的规则来输出，至于输出结果对不对，那是程序员的事情，和 C 语言没有任何关系。</li></ul><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><ul><li>① 实际开发中，<code>printf</code> 函数中的常量、变量或表达式，需要和格式占位符一一对应；否则，将会出现数据错误的现象。</li><li>② 正因为上述的原因，很多现代化的编程语言，如：Java 等，直接取消了无符号的概念。但是，很多数据库是使用 C 语言开发的，如：MySQL 等，就提供了创建数据表的字段为无符号类型的功能，即：<code>UNSIGNED</code>（正整数） ，不要感觉困惑！！！</li><li>③ 对于 <code>1000 0000 …… 0000 0000</code> 这个特殊的补码，无法按照上述的方法转换为原码，所以计算机直接规定这个补码对应的值就是 <code>-2³¹</code>，至于为什么，下节我们会详细分析。</li></ul></div></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-39a288b8 data-v-e257564d><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-e257564d><!----><div class="last-updated" data-v-e257564d><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-e257564d data-v-e98dd255>上次更新: <time datetime="2024-08-26T05:43:39.000Z" data-v-e98dd255></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" aria-labelledby="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d>Pager</span><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link prev" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/01_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>上一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>C 语言入门</span><!--]--></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link next" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/03_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>下一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>数据类型和运算符</span><!--]--></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-5d98c3a5 data-v-e315a0ad><div class="container" data-v-e315a0ad><p class="message" data-v-e315a0ad>Released under the MIT License.</p><p class="copyright" data-v-e315a0ad>Copyright © 2024 许大仙</p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br></div></div><ul><li>其实，C 语言的底层逻辑很简单，C 语言压根不关心你定义的是有符号数还是无符号数，它只关心内存（如果定义的是有符号数，那就按照有符号数的规则来存储；如果定义的是无符号数，那就按照无符号数的规则来存储）。换言之，有符号数可以按照无符号数的规则来输出，无符号数也可以按照有符号数的规则来输出，至于输出结果对不对，那是程序员的事情，和 C 语言没有任何关系。</li></ul><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><ul><li>① 实际开发中，<code>printf</code> 函数中的常量、变量或表达式，需要和格式占位符一一对应；否则，将会出现数据错误的现象。</li><li>② 正因为上述的原因，很多现代化的编程语言，如：Java 等，直接取消了无符号的概念。但是，很多数据库是使用 C 语言开发的，如：MySQL 等，就提供了创建数据表的字段为无符号类型的功能，即：<code>UNSIGNED</code>（正整数） ，不要感觉困惑！！！</li><li>③ 对于 <code>1000 0000 …… 0000 0000</code> 这个特殊的补码，无法按照上述的方法转换为原码，所以计算机直接规定这个补码对应的值就是 <code>-2³¹</code>，至于为什么，下节我们会详细分析。</li></ul></div></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-39a288b8 data-v-e257564d><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-e257564d><!----><div class="last-updated" data-v-e257564d><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-e257564d data-v-e98dd255>上次更新: <time datetime="2024-08-26T06:06:37.000Z" data-v-e98dd255></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" aria-labelledby="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d>Pager</span><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link prev" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/01_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>上一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>C 语言入门</span><!--]--></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link next" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/03_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>下一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>数据类型和运算符</span><!--]--></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-5d98c3a5 data-v-e315a0ad><div class="container" data-v-e315a0ad><p class="message" data-v-e315a0ad>Released under the MIT License.</p><p class="copyright" data-v-e315a0ad>Copyright © 2024 许大仙</p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div><h2 id="_2-8-运算符优先级" tabindex="-1">2.8 运算符优先级 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-8-运算符优先级" aria-label="Permalink to "2.8 运算符优先级""></a></h2><ul><li>C 语言中运算符的优先级，如下所示：</li></ul><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th><strong>优先级</strong></th><th><strong>运算符</strong></th><th><strong>名称或含义</strong></th><th><strong>结合方向</strong></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>1</strong></td><td><code>[]</code></td><td>数组下标</td><td>➡️（从左到右）</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>()</code></td><td>圆括号</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>.</code></td><td>成员选择（对象）</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>-></code></td><td>成员选择（指针）</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>2</strong></td><td><code>-</code></td><td>负号运算符</td><td>⬅️（从右到左）</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>（类型）</code></td><td>强制类型转换</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>++</code></td><td>自增运算符</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>--</code></td><td>自减运算符</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>*</code></td><td>取值运算符</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>&</code></td><td>取地址运算符</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>!</code></td><td>逻辑非运算符</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>~</code></td><td>按位取反运算符</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>sizeof</code></td><td>长度运算符</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>3</strong></td><td><code>/</code></td><td>除</td><td>➡️（从左到右）</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>*</code></td><td>乘</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>%</code></td><td>余数（取模）</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>4</strong></td><td><code>+</code></td><td>加</td><td>➡️（从左到右）</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>-</code></td><td>减</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>5</strong></td><td><code><<</code></td><td>左移</td><td>➡️（从左到右）</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>>></code></td><td>右移</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>6</strong></td><td><code>></code></td><td>大于</td><td>➡️（从左到右）</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>>=</code></td><td>大于等于</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code><</code></td><td>小于</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code><=</code></td><td>小于等于</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>7</strong></td><td><code>==</code></td><td>等于</td><td>➡️（从左到右）</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>!=</code></td><td>不等于</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>8</strong></td><td><code>&</code></td><td>按位与</td><td>➡️（从左到右）</td></tr><tr><td><strong>9</strong></td><td><code>^</code></td><td>按位异或</td><td>➡️（从左到右）</td></tr><tr><td><strong>10</strong></td><td><code>|</code></td><td>按位或</td><td>➡️（从左到右）</td></tr><tr><td><strong>11</strong></td><td><code>&&</code></td><td>逻辑与</td><td>➡️（从左到右）</td></tr><tr><td><strong>12</strong></td><td><code>||</code></td><td>逻辑或</td><td>➡️（从左到右）</td></tr><tr><td><strong>13</strong></td><td><code>?:</code></td><td>条件运算符</td><td>⬅️（从右到左）</td></tr><tr><td><strong>14</strong></td><td><code>=</code></td><td>赋值运算符</td><td>⬅️（从右到左）</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>/=</code></td><td>除后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>*=</code></td><td>乘后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>%=</code></td><td>取模后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>+=</code></td><td>加后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>-=</code></td><td>减后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code><<=</code></td><td>左移后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>>>=</code></td><td>右移后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>&=</code></td><td>按位与后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>^=</code></td><td>按位异或后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>|=</code></td><td>按位或后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>15</strong></td><td><code>,</code></td><td>逗号运算符</td><td>➡️（从左到右）</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="warning custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">WARNING</p><p></p><ul><li>① 不要过多的依赖运算符的优先级来控制表达式的执行顺序，这样可读性太差，尽量<code>使用小括号来控制</code>表达式的执行顺序。</li><li>② 不要把一个表达式写得过于复杂，如果一个表达式过于复杂，则把它<code>分成几步</code>来完成。</li><li>③ 运算符优先级不用刻意地去记忆，总体上：一元运算符 > 算术运算符 > 关系运算符 > 逻辑运算符 > 三元运算符 > 赋值运算符。</li></ul></div><h1 id="第三章-附录" tabindex="-1">第三章：附录 <a class="header-anchor" href="#第三章-附录" aria-label="Permalink to "第三章：附录""></a></h1><h2 id="_3-1-字符集和字符集编码" tabindex="-1">3.1 字符集和字符集编码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-1-字符集和字符集编码" aria-label="Permalink to "3.1 字符集和字符集编码""></a></h2><h3 id="_3-3-1-概述" tabindex="-1">3.3.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-3-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to "3.3.1 概述""></a></h3><ul><li>字符集和字符集编码（简称编码）计算机系统中处理文本数据的两个基本概念，它们密切相关但又有区别。</li><li>字符集（Character Set）是一组字符的集合，其中每个字符都被分配了一个<code>唯一的编号</code>（通常是数字）。字符可以是字母、数字、符号、控制代码（如换行符）等。<code>字符集定义了可以表示的字符的范围</code>，但它并不直接定义如何将这些字符存储在计算机中。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>ASCII（美国信息交换标准代码）是最早期和最简单的字符集之一，它只包括了英文字母、数字和一些特殊字符，共 128 个字符。每个字符都分配给了一个从 0 到 127 的数字。</p></div><ul><li>字符集编码（Character Encoding，简称编码）是一种方案或方法，<code>它定义了如何将字符集中的字符转换为计算机存储和传输的数据（通常是一串二进制数字）</code>。简而言之，编码是字符到二进制数据之间的映射规则。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>ASCII 编码方案定义了如何将 ASCII 字符集中的每个字符表示为 7 位的二进制数字。例如：大写字母<code>'A'</code>在 ASCII 编码中表示为二进制的<code>1000001</code>，十进制的 <code>65</code> 。</p></div><ul><li><code>字符集</code>和<code>字符集编码</code>之间的关系如下：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/35.CGTVELeO.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>Linux 中安装帮助手册：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/36.Bz4_lEH0.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_3-3-2-ascii-编码" tabindex="-1">3.3.2 ASCII 编码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-3-2-ascii-编码" aria-label="Permalink to "3.3.2 ASCII 编码""></a></h3><ul><li>从<code>冯·诺依曼</code>体系结构中，我们知道，计算机中所有的<code>数据</code>和<code>指令</code>都是以<code>二进制</code>的形式表示的；所以，计算机中对于文本数据的数据也是以二进制来存储的，那么对应的流程如下：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/37.CcDWE4nn.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>我们知道，计算机是上个世纪 60 年代在美国研制成功的，为了实现字符和二进制的转换，美国就制定了一套字符编码，即英语字符和二进制位之间的关系，即 ASCII （American Standard Code for Information Interchange）编码： <ul><li>ASCII 编码只包括了英文字符、数字和一些特殊字符，一共 128 个字符，并且每个字符都分配了唯一的数字，范围是 0 - 127。</li><li>ASCII 编码中的每个字符都使用 7 位的二进制数字表示；但是，计算机中的存储的最小单位是 1 B = 8 位，那么最高位统一规定为 0 。</li></ul></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 其实，早期是没有字符集的概念的，只是后来为了解决乱码问题，而产生了字符集的概念。</li><li>② 对于英文体系来说，<code>a-zA-Z0-9</code>以及一些<code>特殊字符</code>一共 <code>128</code> 就可以满足实际存储需求；所以，在也是为什么 ASCII 码使用 7 位二进制（2^7 = 128 ）来存储的。</li></ul></div><ul><li>在操作系统中，就内置了对应的编码表，Linux 也不例外；可以使用如下的命令查看：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">man</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> ascii</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/38.B7y2_JVX.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>其对应的 ASCII 编码表，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/39.Btcc3rs2.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>但是，随着计算机的发展，计算机开始了东征之路，由美国传播到东方：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/40.CR4ARW8y.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>先是传播到了欧洲，欧洲在兼容 ASCII 编码的基础上，推出了 ISO8859-1 编码，即： <ul><li>ISO8859-1 编码包括基本的拉丁字母表、数字、标点符号，以及西欧语言中特有的一些字符，如：法语中的 <code>è</code>、德语中的 <code>ü</code> 等。</li><li>ISO 8859-1 为每个字符分配一个单字节（8 位）编码，意味着它可以表示最多 256 （2^8）个不同的字符（编号从 0 到 255）。</li><li>ISO 8859-1 的前 128 个字符与 ASCII 编码完全一致，这使得 ASCII 编码的文本可以无缝转换为 ISO 8859-1 编码。</li></ul></li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/39.Btcc3rs2.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/42.DOX3ymYP.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>计算机继续传播到了亚洲，亚洲（双字节）各个国家分别给出了自己国家对应的字符集编码，如： <ul><li>日本推出了 Shift-JIS 编码： <ul><li>单字节 ASCII 范围：0 - 127。</li><li>双字节范围： <ul><li>第一个字节：129 - 159 和 224 - 239 。</li><li>第二个字节：64 - 126 和 128 - 252 。</li></ul></li></ul></li><li>韩国推出了 EUC-KR 编码： <ul><li>单字节 ASCII 范围：0 - 127。</li><li>双字节范围：从 41281 - 65278。</li></ul></li><li>中国推出了 GBK 编码： <ul><li>单字节 ASCII 范围：0 - 127。</li><li>双字节范围：33088 - 65278 。</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 通过上面日本、韩国、中国的编码十进制范围，我们可以看到，虽然这些编码系统在技术上的编码范围存在重叠（特别是在高位字节区域），但因为它们各自支持的字符集完全不同，所以实际上它们并不直接冲突。</li><li>② 但是，如果一个中国人通过 GBK 编码写的文章，通过邮件发送给韩国人，因为韩国和中国在字符集编码上的高位字节有重叠部分，必然会造成歧义。</li></ul></div><h3 id="_3-3-3-unicode-编码" tabindex="-1">3.3.3 Unicode 编码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-3-3-unicode-编码" aria-label="Permalink to "3.3.3 Unicode 编码""></a></h3><ul><li><p>在 Unicode 之前，世界上存在着数百种不同的编码系统，每一种编码系统都是为了支持特定语言或一组语言的字符集。这些编码系统，包括：ASCII、ISO 8859 系列、GBK、Shift-JIS、EUC-KR 等，它们各自有不同的字符范围和编码方式。这种多样性虽然在局部范围内解决了字符表示的问题，但也带来了以下几个方面的挑战：</p><ul><li><code>编码冲突</code>：由于不同的编码系统可以为相同的字节值分配不同的字符，因此在不同编码之间转换文本时，如果没有正确处理编码信息，就很容易产生乱码。这种编码冲突在尝试处理多种语言的文本时尤为突出。</li><li><code>编码的复杂性</code>：随着全球化的发展，软件和系统需要支持越来越多的语言，这就要求开发者和系统同时处理多种不同的编码系统。这不仅增加了开发和维护的复杂性，而且也增加了出错的风险。</li><li><code>资源限制</code>：在早期计算机技术中，内存和存储资源相对有限。不同的编码标准要求系统存储多套字符集数据，这无疑增加了对有限资源的消耗。</li><li>……</li></ul></li><li><p>针对上述的种种问题，为了推行全球化，Unicode 应运而生，Unicode 的核心规则和设计原则是建立一个全球统一的字符集，使得世界上所有的文字和符号都能被唯一地识别和使用，无论使用者位于何地或使用何种语言。这套规则包括了字符的编码、表示、处理和转换机制，旨在确保不同系统和软件间能够无缝交换和处理文本数据。</p><ul><li><code>通用字符集 (UCS)</code>：Unicode 为每一个字符分配一个唯一的编号（称为<code>“码点”</code>）。这些码点被组织在一个统一的字符集中，官方称之为 “通用字符集”（Universal Character Set，UCS）。码点通常表示为 <code>U+</code> 后跟一个十六进制数，例如：<code>U+0041</code> 代表大写的英文字母 <code>“A”</code>。</li><li><code>编码平面和区段</code>：Unicode 码点被划分为多个 “平面（Planes）”，每个平面包含 65536（16^4）个码点。目前，Unicode定义了 17 个平面（从 0 到16），每个平面被分配了一个编号，从 “基本多文种平面（BMP）” 的 0 开始，到 16 号平面结束。这意味着 Unicode 理论上可以支持超过 110万（17*65536）个码点。</li></ul></li><li><p>Unicode 仅仅只是字符集，给每个字符设置了唯一的数字编号而已，却没有给出这些数字编号实际如何存储，可以通过如下命令查看：</p></li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/43.Cie9_tkP.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>为了在计算机系统中表示 Unicode 字符，定义了几种编码方案，这些方案包括 UTF-8、UTF-16 和 UTF-32 等。 <ul><li><strong>UTF-8</strong>：使用 1 - 4 个字节表示每个 Unicode 字符，兼容 ASCII，是网络上最常用的编码。</li><li><strong>UTF-16</strong>：使用 2 - 4 个字节表示每个 Unicode 字符，适合于需要经常处理基本多文种平面之外字符的应用。</li><li><strong>UTF-32</strong>：使用固定的 4 个字节表示每个 Unicode 字符，简化了字符处理，但增加了存储空间的需求。</li></ul></li><li><code>Unicode 字符集</code>和对应的<code>UTF-8 字符编码</code>之间的关系，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/44.DLjH9Ges.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-39a288b8 data-v-e257564d><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" 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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-39a288b8 data-v-e257564d><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-e257564d><!----><div class="last-updated" data-v-e257564d><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-e257564d data-v-e98dd255>上次更新: <time datetime="2024-08-06T08:32:38.000Z" data-v-e98dd255></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" aria-labelledby="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d>Pager</span><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link prev" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/03_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>上一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>数据类型和运算符</span><!--]--></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link next" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/05_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>下一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>数组</span><!--]--></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-5d98c3a5 data-v-e315a0ad><div class="container" data-v-e315a0ad><p class="message" data-v-e315a0ad>Released under the MIT License.</p><p class="copyright" data-v-e315a0ad>Copyright © 2024 许大仙</p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br></div></div><div class="warning custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">WARNING</p><p></p><p>在上述示例中，<code>arr</code> 和 <code>&arr</code> 的值是一样的，但是对应的含义是不同的。</p><ul><li>① <code>arr</code> 是数组名，在大多数情况下会转换为数组第一个元素的地址，即：<code>arr</code> 等价于 <code>&arr[0]</code>，其数据类型是 <code>int *</code>。</li><li>② <code>&arr</code>是数组名的地址，即整个数组的地址，它指向数组本身，并不是数组第一个元素的地址，<code>&arr</code> 的数据类型是 <code>int(*)[3]</code>。</li></ul></div></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-39a288b8 data-v-e257564d><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-e257564d><!----><div class="last-updated" data-v-e257564d><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-e257564d data-v-e98dd255>上次更新: <time datetime="2024-08-12T02:47:17.000Z" data-v-e98dd255></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" aria-labelledby="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d>Pager</span><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link prev" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/04_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>上一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>流程控制</span><!--]--></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link next" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/06_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>下一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>指针</span><!--]--></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-5d98c3a5 data-v-e315a0ad><div class="container" data-v-e315a0ad><p class="message" data-v-e315a0ad>Released under the MIT License.</p><p class="copyright" data-v-e315a0ad>Copyright © 2024 许大仙</p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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<script>window.__VP_HASH_MAP__=JSON.parse("{\"index.md\":\"Dga0tMF5\",\"notes_01_c-basic_00_xdx_index.md\":\"BRC7slaL\",\"notes_01_c-basic_01_xdx_index.md\":\"8ISV4iA7\",\"notes_01_c-basic_02_xdx_index.md\":\"BlXjkgNo\",\"notes_01_c-basic_03_xdx_index.md\":\"DbyO5lfB\",\"notes_01_c-basic_04_xdx_index.md\":\"DABEMZSO\",\"notes_01_c-basic_05_xdx_index.md\":\"CGbN5wss\",\"notes_01_c-basic_06_xdx_index.md\":\"CIGNaKYV\",\"notes_04_linux_01_xdx_index.md\":\"C9IatKsj\",\"notes_about_index.md\":\"DLuQgC_8\",\"notes_index.md\":\"CeV-uJ5V\"}");window.__VP_SITE_DATA__=JSON.parse("{\"lang\":\"zh-CN\",\"dir\":\"ltr\",\"title\":\"许大仙\",\"titleTemplate\":\"Hi，终于等到你\",\"description\":\"许大仙前端、Java、大数据、云原生\",\"base\":\"/c/\",\"head\":[],\"router\":{\"prefetchLinks\":true},\"appearance\":true,\"themeConfig\":{\"lastUpdatedText\":\"上次更新\",\"returnToTopLabel\":\"返回顶部\",\"search\":{\"provider\":\"local\"},\"logo\":\"/logo.svg\",\"nav\":[{\"text\":\"首页\",\"link\":\"https://aexiar.github.io/\"},{\"text\":\"计组6件套\",\"link\":\"https://aexiar.github.io/coa6/notes/\"},{\"text\":\"编程语言\",\"items\":[{\"text\":\"c/c++\",\"link\":\"/notes/\"},{\"text\":\"前端\",\"link\":\"https://aexiar.github.io/web-design/notes/\"},{\"text\":\"Java\",\"link\":\"https://aexiar.github.io/java/notes/\"},{\"text\":\"大数据\",\"link\":\"https://aexiar.github.io/big-data/notes/\"},{\"text\":\"云原生\",\"link\":\"https://aexiar.github.io/linux/notes/\"},{\"text\":\"Go\",\"link\":\"https://aexiar.github.io/go/notes/\"},{\"text\":\"Python\",\"link\":\"https://aexiar.github.io/python/notes/\"}]},{\"text\":\"数据库\",\"link\":\"https://aexiar.github.io/db/notes/\"},{\"text\":\"开源软件\",\"link\":\"https://aexiar.github.io/open-software/notes/\"},{\"text\":\"关于我\",\"link\":\"/notes/about/\"}],\"sidebar\":{\"/notes/\":[{\"text\":\"C 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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"Address of array: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">%p\n</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">&</span><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;">arr</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">);</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> // 返回整个数组的地址</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"Address of pointer: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">%p\n</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">&</span><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;">ptr</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">);</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> // 返回指针变量ptr的地址</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div></li></ol><p>综上所述，通过这些示例和解释，可以看出数组名虽然在某些场合下可以像指针一样使用，但它并不是一个真正的指针变量，而是一个常量，表示数组的首地址。</p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-39a288b8 data-v-e257564d><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-e257564d><!----><div class="last-updated" data-v-e257564d><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-e257564d data-v-e98dd255>上次更新: <time datetime="2024-08-13T02:39:52.000Z" data-v-e98dd255></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" aria-labelledby="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d>Pager</span><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link prev" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/05_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>上一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>数组</span><!--]--></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link next" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/07_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>下一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>函数</span><!--]--></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-5d98c3a5 data-v-e315a0ad><div class="container" data-v-e315a0ad><p class="message" data-v-e315a0ad>Released under the MIT License.</p><p class="copyright" data-v-e315a0ad>Copyright © 2024 许大仙</p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/03_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>数据类型和运算符</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/04_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>流程控制</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/05_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>数组</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/06_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>指针</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/07_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/08_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>预处理器</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/09_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>自定义数据类型</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/10_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>内存管理</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/11_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>文件操作</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-basic/13_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>调试工具和调试技巧（gdb和make）</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/13_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>常用库函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C 语言高级</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-advance/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>变量和内存分布</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-advance/02_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>指针强化</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-advance/03_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>结构体和文件的高级用法</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-advance/04_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>链表和回调函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-advance/05_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>编译过程和面向接口</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>项目构建工具</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><section class="VPSidebarItem level-1 collapsible collapsed" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h3 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>meson</h3><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-2 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/03_build/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>meson 入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section><section class="VPSidebarItem level-1 collapsible collapsed" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h3 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Cmake</h3><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-2 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/03_build/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Cmake 入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/03_build/01_${commonDirectoryName}/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Conan </p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><section class="VPSidebarItem level-1 collapsible collapsed" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h3 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Gradle</h3><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-2 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/03_build/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Gradle 入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Linux</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/04_linux/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Linux 初识和安装</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 基础</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/02_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>变量、数据类型、运算符</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/03_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>流程控制</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/04_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>数组</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/05_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>指针</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/06_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/07_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>自定义数据类型</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/08_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>类和对象</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/09_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 引用</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/10_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>继承和派生</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/11_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 多态和虚函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/12_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>运算符重载</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/13_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>模板</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/14_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 异常</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/15_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>面向对象进阶</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/16_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>文件操作和 IO 流</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/17_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>STL（标准模板库）</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><div class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 高级</p><!----></div><!----></div></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><div class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>QT 桌面开发</p><!----></div><!----></div></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><div class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Linux 高并发服务器开发</p><!----></div><!----></div></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-5d98c3a5 data-v-1428d186><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-1428d186 data-v-39a288b8><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-39a288b8><div class="aside" data-v-39a288b8><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-39a288b8></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-39a288b8><div class="aside-content" data-v-39a288b8><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-39a288b8 data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" class="VPDocAsideOutline" data-v-3f215769 data-v-a5bbad30><div class="content" data-v-a5bbad30><div class="outline-marker" data-v-a5bbad30></div><div aria-level="2" class="outline-title" id="doc-outline-aria-label" role="heading" data-v-a5bbad30>目录</div><ul class="VPDocOutlineItem root" data-v-a5bbad30 data-v-b933a997><!--[--><!--]--></ul></div></nav><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-39a288b8><div class="content-container" data-v-39a288b8><!--[--><!--]--><main class="main" data-v-39a288b8><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _c_notes_about_" data-v-39a288b8><div><h3 id="后端技术栈" 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data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/03_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>数据类型和运算符</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/04_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>流程控制</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/05_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>数组</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/06_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>指针</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/07_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/08_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>预处理器</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/09_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>自定义数据类型</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/10_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>内存管理</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/11_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>文件操作</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-basic/13_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>调试工具和调试技巧（gdb和make）</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/13_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>常用库函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C 语言高级</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-advance/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>变量和内存分布</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-advance/02_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>指针强化</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-advance/03_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>结构体和文件的高级用法</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-advance/04_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>链表和回调函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-advance/05_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>编译过程和面向接口</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>项目构建工具</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><section class="VPSidebarItem level-1 collapsible collapsed" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h3 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>meson</h3><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-2 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/03_build/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>meson 入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section><section class="VPSidebarItem level-1 collapsible collapsed" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h3 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Cmake</h3><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-2 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/03_build/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Cmake 入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/03_build/01_${commonDirectoryName}/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Conan </p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><section class="VPSidebarItem level-1 collapsible collapsed" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h3 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Gradle</h3><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-2 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/03_build/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Gradle 入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Linux</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/04_linux/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Linux 初识和安装</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 基础</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/02_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>变量、数据类型、运算符</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/03_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>流程控制</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/04_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>数组</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/05_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>指针</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/06_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/07_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>自定义数据类型</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/08_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>类和对象</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/09_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 引用</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/10_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>继承和派生</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/11_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 多态和虚函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/12_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>运算符重载</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/13_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>模板</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/14_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 异常</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/15_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>面向对象进阶</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/16_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>文件操作和 IO 流</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/17_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>STL（标准模板库）</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><div class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 高级</p><!----></div><!----></div></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><div class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>QT 桌面开发</p><!----></div><!----></div></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><div class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Linux 高并发服务器开发</p><!----></div><!----></div></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-5d98c3a5 data-v-1428d186><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-1428d186 data-v-39a288b8><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-39a288b8><div class="aside" data-v-39a288b8><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-39a288b8></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-39a288b8><div class="aside-content" data-v-39a288b8><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-39a288b8 data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" class="VPDocAsideOutline" data-v-3f215769 data-v-a5bbad30><div class="content" data-v-a5bbad30><div class="outline-marker" data-v-a5bbad30></div><div aria-level="2" class="outline-title" id="doc-outline-aria-label" role="heading" data-v-a5bbad30>目录</div><ul class="VPDocOutlineItem root" data-v-a5bbad30 data-v-b933a997><!--[--><!--]--></ul></div></nav><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-39a288b8><div class="content-container" data-v-39a288b8><!--[--><!--]--><main class="main" data-v-39a288b8><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _c_notes_" data-v-39a288b8><div><h1 id="c-c-学科" 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