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< span class = "line" > < span > < / span > < / span >
< span class = "line" > < span > # 项目名称和版本号< / span > < / span >
< span class = "line" > < span > project(c-study VERSION 1.0 LANGUAGES C)< / span > < / span >
< span class = "line" > < span > < / span > < / span >
< span class = "line" > < span > # 设置 C 标准< / span > < / span >
< span class = "line" > < span > set(CMAKE_C_STANDARD 23)< / span > < / span >
< span class = "line" > < span > set(CMAKE_C_STANDARD_REQUIRED True)< / span > < / span >
< span class = "line" > < span > < / span > < / span >
< span class = "line" > < span > # 辅助函数，用于递归查找所有源文件< / span > < / span >
< span class = "line" > < span > function(collect_sources result dir)< / span > < / span >
< span class = "line" > < span > file(GLOB_RECURSE new_sources " ${dir}/*.c" )< / span > < / span >
< span class = "line" > < span > set(${result} ${${result}} ${new_sources} PARENT_SCOPE)< / span > < / span >
< span class = "line" > < span > endfunction()< / span > < / span >
< span class = "line" > < span > < / span > < / span >
< span class = "line" > < span > # 查找顶层 include 目录（如果存在）< / span > < / span >
< span class = "line" > < span > if (EXISTS " ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/include" )< / span > < / span >
< span class = "line" > < span > include_directories(${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/include)< / span > < / span >
< span class = "line" > < span > endif ()< / span > < / span >
< span class = "line" > < span > < / span > < / span >
< span class = "line" > < span > # 查找所有源文件< / span > < / span >
< span class = "line" > < span > set(SOURCES)< / span > < / span >
< span class = "line" > < span > collect_sources(SOURCES ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR})< / span > < / span >
< span class = "line" > < span > < / span > < / span >
< span class = "line" > < span > # 用于存储已经处理过的可执行文件名，防止重复< / span > < / span >
< span class = "line" > < span > set(EXECUTABLE_NAMES)< / span > < / span >
< span class = "line" > < span > < / span > < / span >
< span class = "line" > < span > # 创建可执行文件< / span > < / span >
< span class = "line" > < span > foreach (SOURCE ${SOURCES})< / span > < / span >
< span class = "line" > < span > # 获取文件的相对路径< / span > < / span >
< span class = "line" > < span > file(RELATIVE_PATH REL_PATH ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR} ${SOURCE})< / span > < / span >
< span class = "line" > < span > # 将路径中的斜杠替换为下划线，生成唯一的可执行文件名< / span > < / span >
< span class = "line" > < span > string(REPLACE " /" " _" EXECUTABLE_NAME ${REL_PATH})< / span > < / span >
< span class = "line" > < span > string(REPLACE " \\" " _" EXECUTABLE_NAME ${EXECUTABLE_NAME})< / span > < / span >
< span class = "line" > < span > string(REPLACE " ." " _" EXECUTABLE_NAME ${EXECUTABLE_NAME})< / span > < / span >
< span class = "line" > < span > < / span > < / span >
< span class = "line" > < span > # 处理与 CMakeLists.txt 文件同名的问题< / span > < / span >
< span class = "line" > < span > if (${EXECUTABLE_NAME} STREQUAL " CMakeLists_txt" )< / span > < / span >
< span class = "line" > < span > set(EXECUTABLE_NAME " ${EXECUTABLE_NAME}_exec" )< / span > < / span >
< span class = "line" > < span > endif ()< / span > < / span >
< span class = "line" > < span > < / span > < / span >
< span class = "line" > < span > # 检查是否已经创建过同名的可执行文件< / span > < / span >
< span class = "line" > < span > if (NOT EXECUTABLE_NAME IN_LIST EXECUTABLE_NAMES)< / span > < / span >
< span class = "line" > < span > list(APPEND EXECUTABLE_NAMES ${EXECUTABLE_NAME})< / span > < / span >
< span class = "line" > < span > < / span > < / span >
< span class = "line" > < span > # 创建可执行文件< / span > < / span >
< span class = "line" > < span > add_executable(${EXECUTABLE_NAME} ${SOURCE})< / span > < / span >
< span class = "line" > < span > < / span > < / span >
< span class = "line" > < span > # 查找源文件所在的目录，并添加为包含目录（头文件可能在同一目录下）< / span > < / span >
< span class = "line" > < span > get_filename_component(DIR ${SOURCE} DIRECTORY)< / span > < / span >
< span class = "line" > < span > target_include_directories(${EXECUTABLE_NAME} PRIVATE ${DIR})< / span > < / span >
< span class = "line" > < span > < / span > < / span >
< span class = "line" > < span > # 检查并添加子目录中的 include 目录（如果存在）< / span > < / span >
< span class = "line" > < span > if (EXISTS " ${DIR}/include" )< / span > < / span >
< span class = "line" > < span > target_include_directories(${EXECUTABLE_NAME} PRIVATE ${DIR}/include)< / span > < / span >
< span class = "line" > < span > endif ()< / span > < / span >
< span class = "line" > < span > < / span > < / span >
< span class = "line" > < span > # 检查并添加 module 目录中的所有 C 文件（如果存在）< / span > < / span >
< span class = "line" > < span > if (EXISTS " ${DIR}/module" )< / span > < / span >
< span class = "line" > < span > file(GLOB_RECURSE MODULE_SOURCES " ${DIR}/module/*.c" )< / span > < / span >
< span class = "line" > < span > target_sources(${EXECUTABLE_NAME} PRIVATE ${MODULE_SOURCES})< / span > < / span >
< span class = "line" > < span > endif ()< / span > < / span >
< span class = "line" > < span > endif ()< / span > < / span >
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< span class = "line" > < span > endforeach ()< / span > < / span > < / code > < / pre > < div class = "line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden = "true" > < span class = "line-number" > 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line-number" > 2< / span > < br > < span class = "line-number" > 3< / span > < br > < span class = "line-number" > 4< / span > < br > < span class = "line-number" > 5< / span > < br > < span class = "line-number" > 6< / span > < br > < span class = "line-number" > 7< / span > < br > < span class = "line-number" > 8< / span > < br > < span class = "line-number" > 9< / span > < br > < span class = "line-number" > 10< / span > < br > < span class = "line-number" > 11< / span > < br > < span class = "line-number" > 12< / span > < br > < span class = "line-number" > 13< / span > < br > < span class = "line-number" > 14< / span > < br > < span class = "line-number" > 15< / span > < br > < span class = "line-number" > 16< / span > < br > < span class = "line-number" > 17< / span > < br > < span class = "line-number" > 18< / span > < br > < span class = "line-number" > 19< / span > < br > < span class = "line-number" > 20< / span > < br > < span class = "line-number" > 21< / span > < br > < span class = "line-number" > 22< / span > < br > < span class = "line-number" > 23< / span > < br > < span class = "line-number" > 24< / span > < br > < span class = "line-number" > 25< / span > < br > < span class = "line-number" > 26< / span > < br > < span class = "line-number" > 27< / span > < br > < span class = "line-number" > 28< / span > < br > < span class = "line-number" > 29< / span > < br > < span class = "line-number" > 30< / span > < br > < span class = "line-number" > 31< / span > < br > < span class = "line-number" > 32< / span > < br > < span class = "line-number" > 33< / span > < br > < span class = "line-number" > 34< / span > < br > < span class = "line-number" > 35< / span > < br > < span class = "line-number" > 36< / span > < br > < span class = "line-number" > 37< / span > < br > < span class = "line-number" > 38< / span > < br > < span class = "line-number" > 39< / span > < br > < span class = "line-number" > 40< / span > < br > < span class = "line-number" > 41< / span > < br > < span class = "line-number" > 42< / span > < br > < span class = "line-number" > 43< / span > < br > < span class = "line-number" > 44< / span > < br > < span class = "line-number" > 45< / span > < br > < span class = "line-number" > 46< / span > < br > < span class = "line-number" > 47< / span > < br > < span class = "line-number" > 48< / span > < br > < span class = "line-number" > 49< / span > < br > < span class = "line-number" > 50< / span > < br > < span class = "line-number" > 51< / span > < br > < span class = "line-number" > 52< / span > < br > < span class = "line-number" > 53< / span > < br > < span class = "line-number" > 54< / span > < br > < span class = "line-number" > 55< / span > < br > < span class = "line-number" > 56< / span > < br > < span class = "line-number" > 57< / span > < br > < span class = "line-number" > 58< / span > < br > < span class = "line-number" > 59< / span > < br > < span class = "line-number" > 60< / span > < br > < span class = "line-number" > 61< / span > < br > < span class = "line-number" > 62< / span > < br > < span class = "line-number" > 63< / span > < br > < span class = "line-number" > 64< / span > < br > < / div > < / div > < ul > < li > 在 CLion 中正常运行代码：< / li > < / ul > < p > < img src = "/c/assets/9.DdSfz-Pf.gif" alt = "" > < / p > < ul > < li > 在 CLion 中通过 valgrind 运行代码：< / li > < / ul > < p > < img src = "/c/assets/10.BMocjVt7.gif" alt = "" > < / p > < h1 id = "第四章-指针的理解和定义-⭐" tabindex = "-1" > 第四章：指针的理解和定义（⭐） < a class = "header-anchor" href = "#第四章-指针的理解和定义-⭐" aria-label = "Permalink to "第四章：指针的理解和定义（⭐）"" > < / a > < / h1 > < h2 id = "_4-1-概述" tabindex = "-1" > 4.1 概述 < a class = "header-anchor" href = "#_4-1-概述" aria-label = "Permalink to "4.1 概述"" > < / a > < / h2 > < h1 id = "第五章-指针的运算-⭐" tabindex = "-1" > 第五章：指针的运算（⭐） < a class = "header-anchor" href = "#第五章-指针的运算-⭐" aria-label = "Permalink to "第五章：指针的运算（⭐）"" > < / a > < / h1 > < h2 id = "_5-1-概述" tabindex = "-1" > 5.1 概述 < a class = "header-anchor" href = "#_5-1-概述" aria-label = "Permalink to "5.1 概述"" > < / a > < / h2 > < h2 id = "_5-2-总结" tabindex = "-1" > 5.2 总结 < a class = "header-anchor" href = "#_5-2-总结" aria-label = "Permalink to "5.2 总结"" > < / a > < / h2 > < ul > < li > < p > 在 C 语言中，< code > 普通变量< / code > 是直接存储< code > 数据< / code > 的< code > 变量< / code > 。对于普通变量，支持的操作包括：< / p > < ul > < li > ① < strong > 赋值操作< / strong > ：给变量赋值，如：< code > int a = 5< / code > 。< / li > < li > ② < strong > 算术运算< /s
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