diff --git a/vnt-core/src/utils/device_id.rs b/vnt-core/src/utils/device_id.rs
index 15a337c..6d9e7fb 100644
--- a/vnt-core/src/utils/device_id.rs
+++ b/vnt-core/src/utils/device_id.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use anyhow::Context;
 use std::fs;
-use std::path::Path;
+use std::path::PathBuf;
 pub fn get_device_id() -> anyhow::Result<String> {
     match machine_uid::get() {
         Ok(id) => return Ok(id),
@@ -11,10 +11,21 @@ pub fn get_device_id() -> anyhow::Result<String> {
 
     get_fallback_id()
 }
-fn get_fallback_id() -> anyhow::Result<String> {
-    let path = Path::new("device_id");
 
-    if let Ok(content) = fs::read_to_string(path) {
+/// fallback 设备 ID 文件路径：锚定可执行文件所在目录。
+/// 相对路径会随进程 CWD 变化，换目录启动就会读写另一个文件，
+/// 导致设备 ID 漂移
+fn fallback_id_path() -> PathBuf {
+    std::env::current_exe()
+        .ok()
+        .and_then(|p| p.parent().map(|dir| dir.join("device_id")))
+        .unwrap_or_else(|| PathBuf::from("device_id"))
+}
+
+fn get_fallback_id() -> anyhow::Result<String> {
+    let path = fallback_id_path();
+
+    if let Ok(content) = fs::read_to_string(&path) {
         let id = content.trim();
         if !id.is_empty() {
             return Ok(id.to_string());
@@ -23,7 +34,20 @@ fn get_fallback_id() -> anyhow::Result<String> {
 
     let new_id = uuid::Uuid::new_v4().to_string();
 
-    fs::write(path, &new_id).context("Failed to write device_id file")?;
+    fs::write(&path, &new_id).context("Failed to write device_id file")?;
 
     Ok(new_id)
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    /// 路径必须锚定到可执行文件目录（绝对路径），不能是随 CWD 漂移的相对路径
+    #[test]
+    fn test_fallback_id_path_is_absolute() {
+        let path = fallback_id_path();
+        assert!(path.is_absolute(), "path should be absolute: {path:?}");
+        assert_eq!(path.file_name().unwrap(), "device_id");
+    }
+}