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Caveats section for README

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This page introduces developers to using the CMS for creating content in multiple languages.
Please refer to the `i18n` class in `sapphire` for a internationalization, globalization and localization support of built-in datatypes as well as translating templates and PHP code.
Please refer to the [`i18n` class](http://doc.silverstripe.org/framework/en/topics/i18n)
in SilverStripe framework for a internationalization, globalization and
localization support of built-in datatypes as well as translating templates and PHP code.
Translations can be enabled for all subclasses of `[api:DataObject]`, so it can easily be implemented into existing code
with minimal interference.
Warning: If you're upgrading from a SilverStripe version prior to 2.3.2, please migrate your datamodel before using the
extension (see below).
Translations can be enabled for all subclasses of [`DataObject`](http://doc.silverstripe.org/framework/en/topics/datamodel),
so it can easily be implemented into existing code with minimal interference.
## Screenshots
@ -32,6 +31,35 @@ extension (see below).
*CMS: Create a new translation*
## Caveats
There are several ways to model multilingual content in a relational database.
It is important to understand these differences in order to make an informed
decision about which one fits your content model best.
* **Storage in language columns**: Each translated value is stored in a new database column
alongside its original record, e.g. a `Content` column gets extended to `Content_de` and `Content_fr`.
* Advantages: Translation can be limited to certain columns.
* Disadvantages: If applied to complex data like hierarchical pages, it only works if the content structure
is very similar between languages. It would be difficult to e.g. have a new page section just in one language,
and still retain all the framework's features (e.g. permission checks).
* **Storage in language rows**: Each translated record gets copied to a new row in the same table,
retaining the original database column layout.
* Advantages: Allows for flexible structures like page trees per language,
and permission checks per language. Works transparently with most other modules which modify queries
(e.g. the "subsites" module).
* Disadvantages: All-or-nothing approach to column translation (including columns where translation
doesn't make much sense, like numeric values). More complex data model with relational tables.
The Translatable module uses the "Storage in language rows" approach.
Alternatives:
* UncleCheese's [TranslatableDataObject](http://www.leftandmain.com/silverstripe-tips/2012/04/03/translatabledataobject-insanely-simple-translation/) (open source)
* Kreationsbyran's [Multilingual Module 2.0](http://www.kreationsbyran.se/blogg/multilingual-module-2-0-for-silverstripe-cms-3-0/) (commercial)
## Usage
### Configuration
@ -187,7 +215,7 @@ attach this behaviour to custom fields by using Translatable_Transformation as s
### Translating theHomepage
### Translating the Homepage
Every homepage has a distinct URL, the default language is /home, a German translation by default would be /home-de_DE.
They can be accessed like any other translated page. If you want to access different homepages from the "root" without a
@ -362,12 +390,6 @@ Example:
<% end_control %>
### Language Chooser Widget
You can use a widget on your website to provide a list of links for switching languages:
[download](http://silverstripe.org/Language-Chooser-Widget-2/)
### Enabling the _t() function in templates
If you're looking to use [the _t() function](http://doc.silverstripe.com/doku.php?id=i18n#the_t_function) in template
@ -375,29 +397,11 @@ files, you'll need to [set the i18n locale](/topics/translation#setting_the_i18n
(The reasoning is as follows: Translatable doesn't set the i18n locale. Historically these were two separate systems,
but they're reasonably interchangeable for a front-end website. The distinction is mainly valid for the CMS, because you
want the CMS to be in English (`[api:i18n]`), but edit pages in different languages (`[api:Translatable]`).)
### Migrating from 2.1 datamodel
The datamodel of `[api:Translatable]` changed significantly between its original release in SilverStripe 2.1 and SilverStripe
2.3.2. See our [discussion on the
mailinglist](http://groups.google.com/group/silverstripe-dev/browse_thread/thread/91e26e1f78d3c1b4/bd276dd5bbc56283?lnk=gst&q=translatable#bd276dd5bbc56283).
To migrate a database that was built with SilverStripe 2.1.x or 2.2.x, follow these steps:
* Upgrade your SilverStripe installation to at least 2.3.2 (see [upgrading](/installation/upgrading))
* Backup your database content
* Login as an administrator
* Run `http://mysite.com/dev/build`
* Run `http://mysite.com/dev/tasks/MigrateTranslatableTask`
Please see the `[api:MigrateTranslatableTask]` for
limitations of this migration task - not all your data will be preserved.
want the CMS to be in English (`i18n`), but edit pages in different languages (`Translatable`).)
### Setting the i18n locale
You can set the `[api:i18n]` locale value which is used to format dates, currencies and other regionally different values to
You can set the `i18n` locale value which is used to format dates, currencies and other regionally different values to
the same as your current page locale.
:::php
@ -414,7 +418,7 @@ the same as your current page locale.
### Adding a new locale
The `[api:i18n]` logic has lookup tables for common locales in i18n::$common_locales, which is a subset of i18n::$all_locales.
The `i18n` logic has lookup tables for common locales in i18n::$common_locales, which is a subset of i18n::$all_locales.
If your locale is not present here, you can simply add it through `mysite/_config.php`:
:::php