<?php

/**
 * Represents a HTTP-request, including a URL that is tokenised for parsing, and a request method
 * (GET/POST/PUT/DELETE). This is used by {@link RequestHandler} objects to decide what to do.
 *
 * Caution: objects of this class are immutable, e.g. echo $request['a']; works as expected,
 * but $request['a'] = '1'; has no effect.
 *
 * The intention is that a single SS_HTTPRequest object can be passed from one object to another, each object calling
 * match() to get the information that they need out of the URL.  This is generally handled by
 * {@link RequestHandler::handleRequest()}.
 *
 * @package framework
 * @subpackage control
 */
class SS_HTTPRequest implements ArrayAccess {

	/**
	 * @var string $url
	 */
	protected $url;

	/**
	 * The non-extension parts of the passed URL as an array, originally exploded by the "/" separator.
	 * All elements of the URL are loaded in here,
	 * and subsequently popped out of the array by {@link shift()}.
	 * Only use this structure for internal request handling purposes.
	 */
	protected $dirParts;

	/**
	 * @var string $extension The URL extension (if present)
	 */
	protected $extension;

	/**
	 * @var string $httpMethod The HTTP method in all uppercase: GET/PUT/POST/DELETE/HEAD
	 */
	protected $httpMethod;

	/**
	 * @var array $getVars Contains alls HTTP GET parameters passed into this request.
	 */
	protected $getVars = array();

	/**
	 * @var array $postVars Contains alls HTTP POST parameters passed into this request.
	 */
	protected $postVars = array();

	/**
	 * HTTP Headers like "Content-Type: text/xml"
	 *
	 * @see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_headers
	 * @var array
	 */
	protected $headers = array();

	/**
	 * Raw HTTP body, used by PUT and POST requests.
	 *
	 * @var string
	 */
	protected $body;

	/**
	 * @var array $allParams Contains an associative array of all
	 * arguments matched in all calls to {@link RequestHandler->handleRequest()}.
	 * It's a "historical record" that's specific to the current call of
	 * {@link handleRequest()}, and is only complete once the "last call" to that method is made.
	 */
	protected $allParams = array();

	/**
	 * @var array $latestParams Contains an associative array of all
	 * arguments matched in the current call from {@link RequestHandler->handleRequest()},
	 * as denoted with a "$"-prefix in the $url_handlers definitions.
	 * Contains different states throughout its lifespan, so just useful
	 * while processed in {@link RequestHandler} and to get the last
	 * processes arguments.
	 */
	protected $latestParams = array();

	/**
	 * @var array $routeParams Contains an associative array of all arguments
	 * explicitly set in the route table for the current request.
	 * Useful for passing generic arguments via custom routes.
	 *
	 * E.g. The "Locale" parameter would be assigned "en_NZ" below
	 *
	 * Director:
	 *   rules:
	 *     'en_NZ/$URLSegment!//$Action/$ID/$OtherID':
	 *       Controller: 'ModelAsController'
	 *       Locale: 'en_NZ'
	 */
	protected $routeParams = array();

	protected $unshiftedButParsedParts = 0;

	/**
	 * Construct a SS_HTTPRequest from a URL relative to the site root.
	 */
	public function __construct($httpMethod, $url, $getVars = array(), $postVars = array(), $body = null) {
		$this->httpMethod = strtoupper($httpMethod);
		$this->setUrl($url);

		$this->getVars = (array) $getVars;
		$this->postVars = (array) $postVars;
		$this->body = $body;
	}

	/**
	 * Allow the setting of a URL
	 *
	 * This is here so that RootURLController can change the URL of the request
	 * without us loosing all the other info attached (like headers)
	 *
	 * @param string The new URL
	 *
	 * @return SS_HTTPRequest The updated request
	 */
	public function setUrl($url) {
		$this->url = $url;

		// Normalize URL if its relative (strictly speaking), or has leading slashes
		if(Director::is_relative_url($url) || preg_match('/^\//', $url)) {
			$this->url = preg_replace(array('/\/+/','/^\//', '/\/$/'),array('/','',''), $this->url);
		}
		if(preg_match('/^(.+)\.([A-Za-z][A-Za-z0-9]*)$/', $this->url, $matches)) {
			$this->url = $matches[1];
			$this->extension = $matches[2];
		}
		if($this->url) $this->dirParts = preg_split('|/+|', $this->url);
		else $this->dirParts = array();

		return $this;
	}

	/**
	 * @return bool
	 */
	public function isGET() {
		return $this->httpMethod == 'GET';
	}

	/**
	 * @return bool
	 */
	public function isPOST() {
		return $this->httpMethod == 'POST';
	}

	/**
	 * @return bool
	 */
	public function isPUT() {
		return $this->httpMethod == 'PUT';
	}

	/**
	 * @return bool
	 */
	public function isDELETE() {
		return $this->httpMethod == 'DELETE';
	}

	/**
	 * @return bool
	 */
	public function isHEAD() {
		return $this->httpMethod == 'HEAD';
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $body
	 * @return SS_HTTPRequest $this
	 */
	public function setBody($body) {
		$this->body = $body;
		return $this;
	}

	/**
	 * @return null|string
	 */
	public function getBody() {
		return $this->body;
	}

	/**
	 * @return array
	 */
	public function getVars() {
		return $this->getVars;
	}

	/**
	 * @return array
	 */
	public function postVars() {
		return $this->postVars;
	}

	/**
	 * Returns all combined HTTP GET and POST parameters
	 * passed into this request. If a parameter with the same
	 * name exists in both arrays, the POST value is returned.
	 *
	 * @return array
	 */
	public function requestVars() {
		return ArrayLib::array_merge_recursive($this->getVars, $this->postVars);
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $name
	 * @return mixed
	 */
	public function getVar($name) {
		if(isset($this->getVars[$name])) return $this->getVars[$name];
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $name
	 * @return mixed
	 */
	public function postVar($name) {
		if(isset($this->postVars[$name])) return $this->postVars[$name];
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $name
	 * @return mixed
	 */
	public function requestVar($name) {
		if(isset($this->postVars[$name])) return $this->postVars[$name];
		if(isset($this->getVars[$name])) return $this->getVars[$name];
	}

	/**
	 * Returns a possible file extension found in parsing the URL
	 * as denoted by a "."-character near the end of the URL.
	 * Doesn't necessarily have to belong to an existing file,
	 * as extensions can be also used for content-type-switching.
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public function getExtension() {
		return $this->extension;
	}

	/**
	 * Checks if the {@link SS_HTTPRequest->getExtension()} on this request matches one of the more common media types
	 * embedded into a webpage - e.g. css, png.
	 *
	 * This is useful for things like determining wether to display a fully rendered error page or not. Note that the
	 * media file types is not at all comprehensive.
	 *
	 * @return bool
	 */
	public function isMedia() {
		return in_array($this->getExtension(), array('css', 'js', 'jpg', 'jpeg', 'gif', 'png', 'bmp', 'ico'));
	}

	/**
	 * Add a HTTP header to the response, replacing any header of the same name.
	 *
	 * @param string $header Example: "Content-Type"
	 * @param string $value Example: "text/xml"
	 */
	public function addHeader($header, $value) {
		$this->headers[$header] = $value;
	}

	/**
	 * @return array
	 */
	public function getHeaders() {
		return $this->headers;
	}

	/**
	 * Remove an existing HTTP header
	 *
	 * @param string $header
	 * @return mixed
	 */
	public function getHeader($header) {
		return (isset($this->headers[$header])) ? $this->headers[$header] : null;
	}

	/**
	 * Remove an existing HTTP header by its name,
	 * e.g. "Content-Type".
	 *
	 * @param string $header
	 * @return SS_HTTPRequest $this
	 */
	public function removeHeader($header) {
		if(isset($this->headers[$header])) unset($this->headers[$header]);
		return $this;
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the URL used to generate the page
	 *
	 * @param bool $includeGetVars whether or not to include the get parameters\
	 * @return string
	 */
	public function getURL($includeGetVars = false) {
		$url = ($this->getExtension()) ? $this->url . '.' . $this->getExtension() : $this->url;

		if ($includeGetVars) {
			// if we don't unset $vars['url'] we end up with /my/url?url=my/url&foo=bar etc

			$vars = $this->getVars();
			unset($vars['url']);

			if (count($vars)) {
				$url .= '?' . http_build_query($vars);
			}
		}
		else if(strpos($url, "?") !== false) {
			$url = substr($url, 0, strpos($url, "?"));
		}

		return $url;
	}

	/**
	 * Returns true if this request an ajax request,
	 * based on custom HTTP ajax added by common JavaScript libraries,
	 * or based on an explicit "ajax" request parameter.
	 *
	 * @return boolean
	 */
	public function isAjax() {
		return (
			$this->requestVar('ajax') ||
			$this->getHeader('X-Requested-With') && $this->getHeader('X-Requested-With') == "XMLHttpRequest"
		);
	}

	/**
	 * Enables the existence of a key-value pair in the request to be checked using
	 * array syntax, so isset($request['title']) will check for $_POST['title'] and $_GET['title']
	 *
	 * @param unknown_type $offset
	 * @return boolean
	 */
	public function offsetExists($offset) {
		if(isset($this->postVars[$offset])) return true;
		if(isset($this->getVars[$offset])) return true;
		return false;
	}

	/**
	 * Access a request variable using array syntax. eg: $request['title'] instead of $request->postVar('title')
	 *
	 * @param unknown_type $offset
	 * @return unknown
	 */
	public function offsetGet($offset) {
		return $this->requestVar($offset);
	}

	/**
	 * @ignore
	 */
	public function offsetSet($offset, $value) {}

	/**
	 * @ignore
	 */
	public function offsetUnset($offset) {}

	/**
	 * Construct an SS_HTTPResponse that will deliver a file to the client.
	 * Caution: Since it requires $fileData to be passed as binary data (no stream support),
	 * it's only advisable to send small files through this method.
	 *
	 * @static
	 * @param $fileData
	 * @param $fileName
	 * @param null $mimeType
	 * @return SS_HTTPResponse
	 */
	public static function send_file($fileData, $fileName, $mimeType = null) {
		if(!$mimeType) {
			$mimeType = HTTP::get_mime_type($fileName);
		}
		$response = new SS_HTTPResponse($fileData);
		$response->addHeader("Content-Type", "$mimeType; name=\"" . addslashes($fileName) . "\"");
		// Note a IE-only fix that inspects this header in HTTP::add_cache_headers().
		$response->addHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename=\"" . addslashes($fileName) . "\"");
		$response->addHeader("Content-Length", strlen($fileData));

		return $response;
	}

	/**
	 * Matches a URL pattern
	 * The pattern can contain a number of segments, separated by / (and an extension indicated by a .)
	 *
	 * The parts can be either literals, or, if they start with a $ they are interpreted as variables.
	 *  - Literals must be provided in order to match
	 *  - $Variables are optional
	 *  - However, if you put ! at the end of a variable, then it becomes mandatory.
	 *
	 * For example:
	 *  - admin/crm/list will match admin/crm/$Action/$ID/$OtherID, but it won't match admin/crm/$Action!/$ClassName!
	 *
	 * The pattern can optionally start with an HTTP method and a space.  For example, "POST $Controller/$Action".
	 * This is used to define a rule that only matches on a specific HTTP method.
	 *
	 * @param $pattern
	 * @param bool $shiftOnSuccess
	 * @return array|bool
	 */
	public function match($pattern, $shiftOnSuccess = false) {
		// Check if a specific method is required
		if(preg_match('/^([A-Za-z]+) +(.*)$/', $pattern, $matches)) {
			$requiredMethod = $matches[1];
			if($requiredMethod != $this->httpMethod) return false;

			// If we get this far, we can match the URL pattern as usual.
			$pattern = $matches[2];
		}

		// Special case for the root URL controller
		if(!$pattern) {
			return ($this->dirParts == array()) ? array('Matched' => true) : false;
		}

		// Check for the '//' marker that represents the "shifting point"
		$doubleSlashPoint = strpos($pattern, '//');
		if($doubleSlashPoint !== false) {
			$shiftCount = substr_count(substr($pattern,0,$doubleSlashPoint), '/') + 1;
			$pattern = str_replace('//', '/', $pattern);
			$patternParts = explode('/', $pattern);


		} else {
			$patternParts = explode('/', $pattern);
			$shiftCount = sizeof($patternParts);
		}

		// Filter out any "empty" matching parts - either from an initial / or a trailing /
		$patternParts = array_values(array_filter($patternParts));

		$arguments = array();
		foreach($patternParts as $i => $part) {
			$part = trim($part);

			// Match a variable
			if(isset($part[0]) && $part[0] == '$') {
				// A variable ending in ! is required
				if(substr($part,-1) == '!') {
					$varRequired = true;
					$varName = substr($part,1,-1);
				} else {
					$varRequired = false;
					$varName = substr($part,1);
				}

				// Fail if a required variable isn't populated
				if($varRequired && !isset($this->dirParts[$i])) return false;

				$arguments[$varName] = isset($this->dirParts[$i]) ? $this->dirParts[$i] : null;
				if($part == '$Controller' && (!ClassInfo::exists($arguments['Controller'])
						|| !is_subclass_of($arguments['Controller'], 'Controller'))) {

					return false;
				}

			// Literal parts with extension
			} else if(isset($this->dirParts[$i]) && $this->dirParts[$i] . '.' . $this->extension == $part) {
				continue;

			// Literal parts must always be there
			} else if(!isset($this->dirParts[$i]) || $this->dirParts[$i] != $part) {
				return false;
			}

		}

		if($shiftOnSuccess) {
			$this->shift($shiftCount);
			// We keep track of pattern parts that we looked at but didn't shift off.
			// This lets us say that we have *parsed* the whole URL even when we haven't *shifted* it all
			$this->unshiftedButParsedParts = sizeof($patternParts) - $shiftCount;
		}

		$this->latestParams = $arguments;

		// Load the arguments that actually have a value into $this->allParams
		// This ensures that previous values aren't overridden with blanks
		foreach($arguments as $k => $v) {
			if($v || !isset($this->allParams[$k])) $this->allParams[$k] = $v;
		}

		if($arguments === array()) $arguments['_matched'] = true;
		return $arguments;
	}

	/**
	 * @return array
	 */
	public function allParams() {
		return $this->allParams;
	}

	/**
	 * Shift all the parameter values down a key space, and return the shifted value.
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public function shiftAllParams() {
		$keys    = array_keys($this->allParams);
		$values  = array_values($this->allParams);
		$value   = array_shift($values);

		// push additional unparsed URL parts onto the parameter stack
		if(array_key_exists($this->unshiftedButParsedParts, $this->dirParts)) {
			$values[] = $this->dirParts[$this->unshiftedButParsedParts];
		}

		foreach($keys as $position => $key) {
			$this->allParams[$key] = isset($values[$position]) ? $values[$position] : null;
		}

		return $value;
	}

	/**
	 * @return array
	 */
	public function latestParams() {
		return $this->latestParams;
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $name
	 * @return string|null
	 */
	public function latestParam($name) {
		if(isset($this->latestParams[$name])) return $this->latestParams[$name];
		else return null;
	}

	/**
	 * @return array
	 */
	public function routeParams() {
		return $this->routeParams;
	}

	/**
	 * @param $params
	 * @return SS_HTTPRequest $this
	 */
	public function setRouteParams($params) {
		$this->routeParams = $params;
		return $this;
	}

	/**
	 * @return array
	 */
	public function params() {
		return array_merge($this->allParams, $this->routeParams);
	}

	/**
	 * Finds a named URL parameter (denoted by "$"-prefix in $url_handlers)
	 * from the full URL, or a parameter specified in the route table
	 *
	 * @param string $name
	 * @return string Value of the URL parameter (if found)
	 */
	public function param($name) {
		$params = $this->params();
		if(isset($params[$name])) return $params[$name];
		else return null;
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the unparsed part of the original URL
	 * separated by commas. This is used by {@link RequestHandler->handleRequest()}
	 * to determine if further URL processing is necessary.
	 *
	 * @return string Partial URL
	 */
	public function remaining() {
		return implode("/", $this->dirParts);
	}

	/**
	 * Returns true if this is a URL that will match without shifting off any of the URL.
	 * This is used by the request handler to prevent infinite parsing loops.
	 *
	 * @param $pattern
	 * @return bool
	 */
	public function isEmptyPattern($pattern) {
		if(preg_match('/^([A-Za-z]+) +(.*)$/', $pattern, $matches)) {
			$pattern = $matches[2];
		}

		if(trim($pattern) == "") return true;
	}

	/**
	 * Shift one or more parts off the beginning of the URL.
	 * If you specify shifting more than 1 item off, then the items will be returned as an array
	 *
	 * @param int $count Shift Count
	 * @return String|Array
	 */
	public function shift($count = 1) {
		$return = array();

		if($count == 1) return array_shift($this->dirParts);

		for($i=0;$i<$count;$i++) {
			$value = array_shift($this->dirParts);

			if($value === null) break;

			$return[] = $value;
		}

		return $return;
	}

	/**
	 * Returns true if the URL has been completely parsed.
	 * This will respect parsed but unshifted directory parts.
	 *
	 * @return bool
	 */
	public function allParsed() {
		return sizeof($this->dirParts) <= $this->unshiftedButParsedParts;
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the client IP address which
	 * originated this request.
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public function getIP() {
		$headerOverrideIP = null;
		if(TRUSTED_PROXY) {
			$headers = (defined('SS_TRUSTED_PROXY_IP_HEADER')) ? array(SS_TRUSTED_PROXY_IP_HEADER) : null;
			if(!$headers) {
				// Backwards compatible defaults
				$headers = array('HTTP_CLIENT_IP', 'HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR');
			}
			foreach($headers as $header) {
				if(!empty($_SERVER[$header])) {
					$headerOverrideIP = $_SERVER[$header];
					break;
				}
			}
		}

		if ($headerOverrideIP) {
			return $this->getIPFromHeaderValue($headerOverrideIP);
		} elseif(isset($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'])) {
			return $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];
		} else {
			return null;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Extract an IP address from a header value that has been obtained. Accepts single IP or comma separated string of
	 * IPs
	 *
	 * @param string $headerValue The value from a trusted header
	 * @return string The IP address
	 */
	protected function getIPFromHeaderValue($headerValue) {
		if (strpos($headerValue, ',') !== false) {
			//sometimes the IP from a load balancer could be "x.x.x.x, y.y.y.y, z.z.z.z" so we need to find the most
			// likely candidate
			$ips = explode(',', $headerValue);
			foreach ($ips as $ip) {
				$ip = trim($ip);
				if (filter_var($ip, FILTER_VALIDATE_IP, FILTER_FLAG_NO_PRIV_RANGE)) {
					return $ip;
				}
			}
		}
		return $headerValue;
	}

	/**
	 * Returns all mimetypes from the HTTP "Accept" header
	 * as an array.
	 *
	 * @param boolean $includeQuality Don't strip away optional "quality indicators", e.g. "application/xml;q=0.9"
	 *                                (Default: false)
	 * @return array
	 */
	public function getAcceptMimetypes($includeQuality = false) {
		$mimetypes = array();
		$mimetypesWithQuality = explode(',',$this->getHeader('Accept'));
		foreach($mimetypesWithQuality as $mimetypeWithQuality) {
			$mimetypes[] = ($includeQuality) ? $mimetypeWithQuality : preg_replace('/;.*/', '', $mimetypeWithQuality);
		}
		return $mimetypes;
	}

	/**
	 * @return string HTTP method (all uppercase)
	 */
	public function httpMethod() {
		return $this->httpMethod;
	}

	/**
	 * Explicitly set the HTTP method for this request.
	 * @param string $method
	 * @return $this
	 */
	public function setHttpMethod($method) {
		if(!self::isValidHttpMethod($method)) {
			user_error('SS_HTTPRequest::setHttpMethod: Invalid HTTP method', E_USER_ERROR);
		}

		$this->httpMethod = strtoupper($method);
		return $this;
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $method
	 * @return bool
	 */
	private static function isValidHttpMethod($method) {
		return in_array(strtoupper($method), array('GET','POST','PUT','DELETE','HEAD'));
	}

	/**
	 * Gets the "real" HTTP method for a request. This method is no longer used to mitigate the risk of web cache
	 * poisoning.
	 *
	 * @see https://www.silverstripe.org/download/security-releases/CVE-2019-19326
	 * @param string $origMethod Original HTTP method from the browser request
	 * @param array $postVars
	 * @return string HTTP method (all uppercase)
	 * @deprecated 3.7.5
	 */
	public static function detect_method($origMethod, $postVars) {
		if(isset($postVars['_method'])) {
			if (!self::isValidHttpMethod($postVars['_method'])) {
				user_error('Director::direct(): Invalid "_method" parameter', E_USER_ERROR);
			}
			return strtoupper($postVars['_method']);
		} else {
			return $origMethod;
		}
	}
}