Move CMS Howtos

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title: ModelAdmin
summary: Create admin UI's for managing your data records.
# ModelAdmin
[api:ModelAdmin] provides a simple way to utilize the SilverStripe Admin UI with your own data models. It can create
searchables list and edit views of [api:DataObject] subclasses, and even provides import and export of your data.
It uses the framework's knowledge about the model to provide sensible defaults, allowing you to get started in a couple
of lines of code, while still providing a solid base for customization.
<div class="info" markdown="1">
The interface is mainly powered by the [api:GridField] class ([documentation](../forms/fields/gridfield)), which can
also be used in other areas of your application.
</div>
Let's assume we want to manage a simple product listing as a sample data model: A product can have a name, price, and
a category.
**mysite/code/Product.php**
:::php
<?php
class Product extends DataObject {
private static $db = array(
'Name' => 'Varchar',
'ProductCode' => 'Varchar',
'Price' => 'Currency'
);
private static $has_one = array(
'Category' => 'Category'
);
}
**mysite/code/Category.php**
:::php
<?php
class Category extends DataObject {
private static $db = array(
'Title' => 'Text'
);
private static $has_many = array(
'Products' => 'Product'
);
}
To create your own `ModelAdmin`, simply extend the base class, and edit the `$managed_models` property with the list of
DataObject's you want to scaffold an interface for. The class can manage multiple models in parallel, if required.
We'll name it `MyAdmin`, but the class name can be anything you want.
**mysite/code/MyAdmin.php**
:::php
<?php
class MyAdmin extends ModelAdmin {
private static $managed_models = array(
'Product',
'Category'
);
private static $url_segment = 'products';
private static $menu_title = 'My Product Admin';
}
This will automatically add a new menu entry to the SilverStripe Admin UI entitled `My Product Admin` and logged in
users will be able to upload and manage `Product` and `Category` instances through http://yoursite.com/admin/products.
<div class="alert" markdown="1">
After defining these classes, make sure you have rebuilt your SilverStripe database and flushed your cache.
</div>
## Permissions
Each new `ModelAdmin` subclass creates its' own [permission code](../security), for the example above this would be
`CMS_ACCESS_MyAdmin`. Users with access to the Admin UI will need to have this permission assigned through
`admin/security/` or have the `ADMIN` permission code in order to gain access to the controller.
<div class="notice" markdown="1">
For more information on the security and permission system see the [Security Documentation](../security)
</div>
The [api:DataObject] API has more granular permission control, which is enforced in [api:ModelAdmin] by default.
Available checks are `canEdit()`, `canCreate()`, `canView()` and `canDelete()`. Models check for administrator
permissions by default. For most cases, less restrictive checks make sense, e.g. checking for general CMS access rights.
**mysite/code/Category.php**
:::php
<?php
class Category extends DataObject {
// ...
public function canView($member = null) {
return Permission::check('CMS_ACCESS_MyAdmin', 'any', $member);
}
public function canEdit($member = null) {
return Permission::check('CMS_ACCESS_MyAdmin', 'any', $member);
}
public function canDelete($member = null) {
return Permission::check('CMS_ACCESS_MyAdmin', 'any', $member);
}
public function canCreate($member = null) {
return Permission::check('CMS_ACCESS_MyAdmin', 'any', $member);
}
## Searching Records
[api:ModelAdmin] uses the [SearchContext](../search/searchcontext) class to provide a search form, as well as get the
searched results. Every [api:DataObject] can have its own context, based on the fields which should be searchable. The
class makes a guess at how those fields should be searched, e.g. showing a checkbox for any boolean fields in your
`$db` definition.
To remove, add or modify searchable fields, define a new `[api:DataObject::$searchable_fields]` static on your model
class (see [SearchContext](../search/searchcontext) docs for details).
**mysite/code/Product.php**
:::php
<?php
class Product extends DataObject {
private static $searchable_fields = array(
'Name',
'ProductCode'
);
}
<div class="hint" markdown="1">
[SearchContext](../search/searchcontext) documentation has more information on providing the search functionality.
</div>
## Displaying Results
The results are shown in a tabular listing, powered by the [GridField](../forms/fields/gridfield), more specifically
the [api:GridFieldDataColumns] component. This component looks for a [api:DataObject::$summary_fields] static on your
model class, where you can add or remove columns. To change the title, use [api:DataObject::$field_labels].
**mysite/code/Page.php**
:::php
<?php
class Product extends DataObject {
private static $field_labels = array(
'Price' => 'Cost' // renames the column to "Cost"
);
private static $summary_fields = array(
'Name',
'Price'
);
}
The results list are retrieved from [api:SearchContext->getResults], based on the parameters passed through the search
form. If no search parameters are given, the results will show every record. Results are a [api:DataList] instance, so
can be customized by additional SQL filters, joins.
For example, we might want to exclude all products without prices in our sample `MyAdmin` implementation.
**mysite/code/MyAdmin.php**
:::php
<?php
class MyAdmin extends ModelAdmin {
public function getList() {
$list = parent::getList();
// Always limit by model class, in case you're managing multiple
if($this->modelClass == 'Product') {
$list = $list->exclude('Price', '0');
}
return $list;
}
}
You can also customize the search behavior directly on your `ModelAdmin` instance. For example, we might want to have a
checkbox which limits search results to expensive products (over $100).
**mysite/code/MyAdmin.php**
:::php
<?php
class MyAdmin extends ModelAdmin {
public function getSearchContext() {
$context = parent::getSearchContext();
if($this->modelClass == 'Product') {
$context->getFields()->push(new CheckboxField('q[ExpensiveOnly]', 'Only expensive stuff'));
}
return $context;
}
public function getList() {
$list = parent::getList();
$params = $this->request->requestVar('q'); // use this to access search parameters
if($this->modelClass == 'Product' && isset($params['ExpensiveOnly']) && $params['ExpensiveOnly']) {
$list = $list->exclude('Price:LessThan', '100');
}
return $list;
}
}
To alter how the results are displayed (via `[api:GridField]`), you can also overload the `getEditForm()` method. For
example, to add a new component.
**mysite/code/MyAdmin.php**
:::php
<?php
class MyAdmin extends ModelAdmin {
private static $managed_models = array(
'Product',
'Category'
);
// ...
public function getEditForm($id = null, $fields = null) {
$form = parent::getEditForm($id, $fields);
// $gridFieldName is generated from the ModelClass, eg if the Class 'Product'
// is managed by this ModelAdmin, the GridField for it will also be named 'Product'
$gridFieldName = $this->sanitiseClassName($this->modelClass);
$gridField = $form->Fields()->fieldByName($gridFieldName);
// modify the list view.
$gridField->getConfig()->addComponent(new GridFieldFilterHeader());
return $form;
}
}
The above example will add the component to all `GridField`s (of all managed models). Alternatively we can also add it
to only one specific `GridField`:
**mysite/code/MyAdmin.php**
:::php
<?php
class MyAdmin extends ModelAdmin {
private static $managed_models = array(
'Product',
'Category'
);
public function getEditForm($id = null, $fields = null) {
$form = parent::getEditForm($id, $fields);
$gridFieldName = 'Product';
$gridField = $form->Fields()->fieldByName($gridFieldName);
if ($gridField) {
$gridField->getConfig()->addComponent(new GridFieldFilterHeader());
}
return $form;
}
}
## Data Import
The `ModelAdmin` class provides import of CSV files through the [api:CsvBulkLoader] API. which has support for column
mapping, updating existing records, and identifying relationships - so its a powerful tool to get your data into a
SilverStripe database.
By default, each model management interface allows uploading a CSV file with all columns auto detected. To override
with a more specific importer implementation, use the [api:ModelAdmin::$model_importers] static.
## Data Export
Export is available as a CSV format through a button at the end of a results list. You can also export search results.
This is handled through the [api:GridFieldExportButton] component.
To customize the exported columns, create a new method called `getExportFields` in your `ModelAdmin`:
:::php
<?php
class MyAdmin extends ModelAdmin {
// ...
public function getExportFields() {
return array(
'Name' => 'Name',
'ProductCode' => 'Product Code',
'Category.Title' => 'Category'
);
}
}
## Related Documentation
* [GridField](../forms/fields/gridfield)
* [Permissions](../security/permissions)
* [SeachContext](../search/seachcontext)
## API Documentation
* [api:ModelAdmin]
* [api:LeftAndMain]
* [api:GridField]
* [api:DataList]
* [api:CsvBulkLoader]

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# CMS layout
title: Admin Layout
## Overview
# CMS layout
The CMS markup is structured into "panels", which are the base units containing interface components (or other panels),
as declared by the class `cms-panel`. Panels can be made collapsible, and get the ability to be resized and aligned with

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title: WYSIWYG Styles
summary: Add custom CSS properties to the rich-text editor.
# WYSIWYG Styles
SilverStripe lets you customize the style of content in the CMS. This is done by setting up a CSS file called
`editor.css` in either your theme or in your `mysite` folder. This is set through
:::php
HtmlEditorConfig::get('cms')->setOption('ContentCSS', project() . '/css/editor.css');
Will load the `mysite/css/editor.css` file.
Any CSS classes within this file will be automatically added to the `WYSIWYG` editors 'style' dropdown. For instance, to
add the color 'red' as an option within the `WYSIWYG` add the following to the `editor.css`
:::css
.red {
color: red;
}
<div class="notice" markdown="1">
After you have defined the `editor.css` make sure you clear your SilverStripe cache for it to take effect.
</div>
## API Documentation
* [api:HtmlEditorConfig]

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## Extending existing ModelAdmin
Sometimes you'll work with ModelAdmins from other modules. To customize these interfaces, you can always subclass. But there's
also another tool at your disposal: The `[api:Extension]` API.
:::php
class MyAdminExtension extends Extension {
// ...
public function updateEditForm(&$form) {
$form->Fields()->push(/* ... */)
}
}
Now enable this extension through your `[config.yml](/topics/configuration)` file.
:::yml
MyAdmin:
extensions:
- MyAdminExtension
The following extension points are available: `updateEditForm()`, `updateSearchContext()`,
`updateSearchForm()`, `updateList()`, `updateImportForm`.

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title: Customising the Admin Interface
summary: Extend the admin view to provide custom behavior or new features for CMS and admin users.
introduction: The Admin interface can be extended to provide additional functionality to users and custom interfaces for managing data.
The Admin interface is bundled within the SilverStripe Framework but is most commonly used in conjunction with the `CMS`
module. The main class for displaying the interface is a specialized [api:Controller] called [api:LeftAndMain], named
as it is designed around a left hand navigation and a main edit form.
[CHILDREN]
## How to's
[CHILDREN Folder="How_Tos"]

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# Typography
## Introduction
SilverStripe lets you customise the style of content in the CMS.
## Usage
This is done by setting up a CSS file called (projectname)/css/typography.css.
You also need to create a file called (projectname)/css/editor.css with the following content:
:::css
/**
* This support file is used to style the WYSIWYG editor in the CMS
*/
@import "typography.css";
body.mceContentBody {
min-height: 200px;
font-size: 62.5%;
}
body.mceContentBody a.broken {
background-color: #FF7B71;
border: 1px red solid;
}
In typography.css you can define styles of any of the tags that will get created by the editor:
* P, BLOCKQUOTE
* H1-6
* UL, OL, LI
* TABLE
* STRONG, EM, U
* A
It's important to realise that this CSS file is included directly into the CMS system, and if you aren't careful, you
can alter the styling of other parts of the interface. While this is novel, it can be dangerous and is probably not
what you're after.
The way around this is to limit all your styling selectors to elements inside something with `class="typography"`. The
other half of this is to put `class="typography"` onto any area in your template where you would like the styling to be
applied.
**WRONG**
:::css
CSS:
h1, h2 {
color: #F77;
}
Template:
<div>
$Content
</div>
**RIGHT**
:::css
CSS:
.typography h1, .typography h2 {
color: #F77;
}
Template:
<div class="typography">
$Content
</div>
If you would to include different styles for different sections of your site, you can use class names the same as the
name of the data fields. This example sets up different paragraph styles for 2 HTML editor fields called Content and
OtherContent:
:::css
.Content.typography p {
font-size: 12px;
}
.OtherContent.typography p {
font-size: 10px;
}
### Removing the typography class
Sometimes, it's not enough to add a class, you also want to remove the typography class. You can use the
`[api:HTMLEditorField]` method setCSSClass.
This example sets another CSS class typographybis:
:::php
public function getCMSFields() {
...
$htmleditor = new HTMLEditorField("ContentBis", "Content Bis");
$htmleditor->setCSSClass('typographybis');
$fields->addFieldToTab("Root.Content", $htmleditor);
...
return $fields;
}
**Note:** This functionality will be available in the version 2.0.2 of the CMS.

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# ModelAdmin
## Introduction
Provides a simple way to utilize the SilverStripe CMS UI with your own data models,
and create searchable list and edit views of them, and even providing import and export of your data.
It uses the framework's knowledge about the model to provide sensible defaults,
allowing you to get started in a couple of lines of code,
while still providing a solid base for customization.
The interface is mainly powered by the [GridField](/reference/grid-field) class,
which can also be used in other CMS areas (e.g. to manage a relation on a `SiteTree`
record in the standard CMS interface).
## Setup
Let's assume we want to manage a simple product listing as a sample data model:
A product can have a name, price, and a category.
:::php
class Product extends DataObject {
private static $db = array('Name' => 'Varchar', 'ProductCode' => 'Varchar', 'Price' => 'Currency');
private static $has_one = array('Category' => 'Category');
}
class Category extends DataObject {
private static $db = array('Title' => 'Text');
private static $has_many = array('Products' => 'Product');
}
To create your own `ModelAdmin`, simply extend the base class,
and edit the `$managed_models` property with the list of
data objects you want to scaffold an interface for.
The class can manage multiple models in parallel, if required.
We'll name it `MyAdmin`, but the class name can be anything you want.
:::php
class MyAdmin extends ModelAdmin {
private static $managed_models = array('Product','Category'); // Can manage multiple models
private static $url_segment = 'products'; // Linked as /admin/products/
private static $menu_title = 'My Product Admin';
}
This will automatically add a new menu entry to the CMS, and you're ready to go!
Try opening http://localhost/admin/products/?flush=all.
## Permissions
Each new `ModelAdmin` subclass creates its own [permission code](/reference/permission),
for the example above this would be `CMS_ACCESS_MyAdmin`. Users with access to the CMS
need to have this permission assigned through `admin/security/` in order to gain
access to the controller (unless they're admins).
The `DataObject` API has more granular permission control, which is enforced in ModelAdmin by default.
Available checks are `canEdit()`, `canCreate()`, `canView()` and `canDelete()`.
Models check for administrator permissions by default. For most cases,
less restrictive checks make sense, e.g. checking for general CMS access rights.
:::php
class Category extends DataObject {
// ...
public function canView($member = null) {
return Permission::check('CMS_ACCESS_CMSMain', 'any', $member);
}
public function canEdit($member = null) {
return Permission::check('CMS_ACCESS_CMSMain', 'any', $member);
}
public function canDelete($member = null) {
return Permission::check('CMS_ACCESS_CMSMain', 'any', $member);
}
public function canCreate($member = null) {
return Permission::check('CMS_ACCESS_CMSMain', 'any', $member);
}
## Search Fields
ModelAdmin uses the [SearchContext](/reference/searchcontext) class to provide
a search form, as well as get the searched results. Every DataObject can have its own context,
based on the fields which should be searchable. The class makes a guess at how those fields
should be searched, e.g. showing a checkbox for any boolean fields in your `$db` definition.
To remove, add or modify searchable fields, define a new `[api:DataObject::$searchable_fields]`
static on your model class (see [SearchContext](/reference/searchcontext) docs for details).
:::php
class Product extends DataObject {
// ...
private static $searchable_fields = array(
'Name',
'ProductCode'
// leaves out the 'Price' field, removing it from the search
);
}
For a more sophisticated customization, for example configuring the form fields
for the search form, override `DataObject->getCustomSearchContext()` on your model class.
## Result Columns
The results are shown in a tabular listing, powered by the [GridField](/reference/grid-field),
more specifically the `[api:GridFieldDataColumns]` component.
It looks for a `[api:DataObject::$summary_fields]` static on your model class,
where you can add or remove columns. To change the title, use `[api:DataObject::$field_labels]`.
:::php
class Product extends DataObject {
// ...
private static $field_labels = array(
'Price' => 'Cost' // renames the column to "Cost"
);
private static $summary_fields = array(
'Name',
'Price',
// leaves out the 'ProductCode' field, removing the column
);
}
## Results Customization
The results are retrieved from `[api:SearchContext->getResults()]`,
based on the parameters passed through the search form.
If no search parameters are given, the results will show every record.
Results are a `[api:DataList]` instance, so can be customized by additional
SQL filters, joins, etc (see [datamodel](/topics/datamodel) for more info).
For example, we might want to exclude all products without prices in our sample `MyAdmin` implementation.
:::php
class MyAdmin extends ModelAdmin {
// ...
public function getList() {
$list = parent::getList();
// Always limit by model class, in case you're managing multiple
if($this->modelClass == 'Product') {
$list = $list->exclude('Price', '0');
}
return $list;
}
}
You can also customize the search behaviour directly on your `ModelAdmin` instance.
For example, we might want to have a checkbox which limits search results to expensive products (over $100).
:::php
class MyAdmin extends ModelAdmin {
// ...
public function getSearchContext() {
$context = parent::getSearchContext();
if($this->modelClass == 'Product') {
$context->getFields()->push(new CheckboxField('q[ExpensiveOnly]', 'Only expensive stuff'));
}
return $context;
}
public function getList() {
$list = parent::getList();
$params = $this->request->requestVar('q'); // use this to access search parameters
if($this->modelClass == 'Product' && isset($params['ExpensiveOnly']) && $params['ExpensiveOnly']) {
$list = $list->exclude('Price:LessThan', '100');
}
return $list;
}
}
### GridField Customization
To alter how the results are displayed (via `[api:GridField]`), you can also overload the `getEditForm()` method. For example, to add a new component.
:::php
class MyAdmin extends ModelAdmin {
private static $managed_models = array('Product','Category');
// ...
public function getEditForm($id = null, $fields = null) {
$form = parent::getEditForm($id, $fields);
// $gridFieldName is generated from the ModelClass, eg if the Class 'Product'
// is managed by this ModelAdmin, the GridField for it will also be named 'Product'
$gridFieldName = $this->sanitiseClassName($this->modelClass);
$gridField = $form->Fields()->fieldByName($gridFieldName);
$gridField->getConfig()->addComponent(new GridFieldFilterHeader());
return $form;
}
}
The above example will add the component to all `GridField`s (of all managed models). Alternatively we can also add it to only one specific `GridField`:
:::php
class MyAdmin extends ModelAdmin {
private static $managed_models = array('Product','Category');
// ...
public function getEditForm($id = null, $fields = null) {
$form = parent::getEditForm($id, $fields);
$gridFieldName = 'Product';
$gridField = $form->Fields()->fieldByName($gridFieldName);
if ($gridField) {
$gridField->getConfig()->addComponent(new GridFieldFilterHeader());
}
return $form;
}
}
## Managing Relationships
Has-one relationships are simply implemented as a `[api:DropdownField]` by default.
Consider replacing it with a more powerful interface in case you have many records
(through customizing `[api:DataObject->getCMSFields]`).
Has-many and many-many relationships are usually handled via the [GridField](/reference/grid-field) class,
more specifically the `[api:GridFieldAddExistingAutocompleter]` and `[api:GridFieldRelationDelete]` components.
They provide a list/detail interface within a single record edited in your ModelAdmin.
The [GridField](/reference/grid-field) docs also explain how to manage
extra relation fields on join tables through its detail forms.
The autocompleter can also search attributes on relations,
based on the search fields defined through `[api:DataObject::searchableFields()]`.
## Permissions
`ModelAdmin` respects the permissions set on the model, through methods on your `DataObject` implementations:
`canView()`, `canEdit()`, `canDelete()`, and `canCreate`.
In terms of access control to the interface itself, every `ModelAdmin` subclass
creates its own "[permission code](/reference/permissions)", which can be assigned
to groups through the `admin/security` management interface. To further limit
permission, either override checks in `ModelAdmin->init()`, or define
more permission codes through the `ModelAdmin::$required_permission_codes` static.
## Data Import
The `ModelAdmin` class provides import of CSV files through the `[api:CsvBulkLoader]` API.
which has support for column mapping, updating existing records,
and identifying relationships - so its a powerful tool to get your data into a SilverStripe database.
By default, each model management interface allows uploading a CSV file
with all columns autodetected. To override with a more specific importer implementation,
use the `[api:ModelAdmin::$model_importers] static.
## Data Export
Export is also available, although at the moment only to the CSV format,
through a button at the end of a results list. You can also export search results.
It is handled through the `[api:GridFieldExportButton]` component.
To customize the exported columns, create a new method called `getExportFields` in your `ModelAdmin`:
:::php
class MyAdmin extends ModelAdmin {
// ...
public function getExportFields() {
return array(
'Name' => 'Name',
'ProductCode' => 'Product Code',
'Category.Title' => 'Category'
);
}
}
Dot syntax support allows you to select a field on a related `has_one` object.
## Extending existing ModelAdmins
Sometimes you'll work with ModelAdmins from other modules, e.g. the product management
of an ecommerce module. To customize this, you can always subclass. But there's
also another tool at your disposal: The `[api:Extension]` API.
:::php
class MyAdminExtension extends Extension {
// ...
public function updateEditForm(&$form) {
$form->Fields()->push(/* ... */)
}
}
Now enable this extension through your `[config.yml](/topics/configuration)` file.
:::yml
MyAdmin:
extensions:
- MyAdminExtension
The following extension points are available: `updateEditForm()`, `updateSearchContext()`,
`updateSearchForm()`, `updateList()`, `updateImportForm`.
## Customizing the interface
Interfaces like `ModelAdmin` can be customized in many ways:
* JavaScript behaviour (e.g. overwritten jQuery.entwine rules)
* CSS styles
* HTML markup through templates
In general, use your `ModelAdmin->init()` method to add additional requirements
through the [Requirements](/reference/requirements) API.
For an introduction how to customize the CMS templates, see our [CMS Architecture Guide](/reference/cms-architecture).
## Related
* [GridField](../reference/grid-field): The UI component powering ModelAdmin
* [Tutorial 5: Dataobject Relationship Management](../tutorials/5-dataobject-relationship-management)
* `[api:SearchContext]`
* [genericviews Module](http://silverstripe.org/generic-views-module)
* [Presentation about ModelAdmin at SupperHappyDevHouse Wellington](http://www.slideshare.net/chillu/modeladmin-in-silverstripe-23)
* [Reference: CMS Architecture](../reference/cms-architecture)
* [Howto: Extend the CMS Interface](../howto/extend-cms-interface)

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summary: Extend the admin view to provide custom behavior or new features for CMS users.
[CHILDREN]
## How-to
[CHILDREN How_To]