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Clarify usage of extend within DataExtensions
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Will Rossiter
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## Introduction
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Extensions allow for adding additional functionality to a `[api:DataObject]`.
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In some cases, it can be easier to completely replace the used class throughout the core with your custom
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implementation. Have a look at `[api:Object->useCustomClass()]`.
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Extensions allow for adding additional functionality to a `[api:DataObject]` or
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modifying existing functionality without the hassle of creating a subclass.
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## Usage
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Your extension will need to be a subclass of `[api:DataExtension]` or the `[api:Extension]` class.
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Extensions are defined as subclasses of either `[api:DataExtension]` for
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extending a `[api:DataObject]` subclass or the `[api:Extension]` class for non
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DataObject subclasses (such as Controllers)
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:::php
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<?php
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// mysite/code/MyMemberExtension.php
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class MyMemberExtension extends DataExtension {}
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class MyMemberExtension extends DataExtension {
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This defines your own extension where you can add your own functions, database fields or other properties you want.
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After you create this extension however it does not yet apply it to your object. Next you need to tell SilverStripe what
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}
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This defines your own extension where we can add our own functions, database
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fields or other properties. After this class has been created, it
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does not yet apply it to your object. Next you need to tell SilverStripe what
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class you want to extend.
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### Adding a extension to a built-in class
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Sometimes you will want to add extension to classes that you can't cleanly subclass.
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For example, you might want to add a `MyMemberExtension` class to the `[api:Member]` object.
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For example, you may might want to add a `MyMemberExtension` class to the
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`[api:Member]` object to provide a custom method.
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In order to active this extension, you'd add the following to your [config.yml](/topics/configuration).
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In order to active this extension, you need to add the following to your
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[config.yml](/topics/configuration).
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:::yml
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Member:
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extensions:
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- MyMemberExtension
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Alternatively, you can add extensions through PHP code as well (in your `config.php` file),
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which means they can be used in conditional configuration.
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Alternatively, you can add extensions through PHP code (in your `_config.php`
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file).
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:::php
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Member::add_extension('MyMemberExtension');
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### Extending code to allow for extensions
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If you're providing a module or working on code that may need to be extended by
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other code, it can provide a *hook* which allows an Extension to modify the
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results. This is done through the `[api:Object->extend()]` method.
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:::php
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public function myFunc() {
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$foo = // ..
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$this->extend('alterFoo', $foo);
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return $foo;
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}
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In this example, the myFunc() method adds a hook to allow `DataExtension`
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subclasses added to the instance to define an `alterFoo($foo)` method to modify
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the result of the method.
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The `$foo` parameter is passed by reference, as it is an object.
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### Accessing the original Object from an Extension
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In your extension class you can refer to the source object through the `owner`
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property on the class.
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:::php
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<?php
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class CustomMember extends Member {
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public function alterFoo($foo) {
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// outputs the original class
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var_dump($this->owner);
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}
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}
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### Checking to see if an Object has an Extension
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To see what extensions are currently enabled on an object, you can use
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`[api:Object->getExtensionInstances()]` and `[api:Object->hasExtension($extension)]`.
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## Implementation
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### Adding extra database fields
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Extra database fields can be added with a extension in the same manner as if they
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were placed on the `DataObject` class they're applied to. These will be added to the table of the base object - the extension will actually edit the $db, $has_one, etc static variables on load.
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Extra database fields can be added with a extension in the same manner as if
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they were placed on the `DataObject` class they're applied to. These will be
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added to the table of the base object - the extension will actually edit the
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$db, $has_one, etc static variables on load.
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The function should return a map where the keys are the names of the static variables to update:
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The function should return a map where the keys are the names of the static
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variables to update:
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:::php
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<?php
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class CustomMember extends DataExtension {
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private static $db = array(
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'AvatarURL' => 'Varchar',
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'Position' => 'Varchar',
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);
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private static $has_one = array(
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'RelatedMember' => 'Member',
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'Image' => 'Image',
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);
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}
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### Modifying CMS Fields
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The member class demonstrates an extension that allows you to update the default CMS fields for an
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object in an extension:
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The member class demonstrates an extension that allows you to update the default
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CMS fields for an object in an extension:
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:::php
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public function getCMSFields() {
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// ...
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$this->extend('updateCMSFields', $fields);
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return $fields;
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}
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<?php
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class CustomMember extends DataExtension {
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The `$`fields parameter is passed by reference, as it is an object.
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private static $db = array(
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'Position' => 'Varchar',
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);
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:::php
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public function updateCMSFields(FieldList $fields) {
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$fields->push(new TextField('Position', 'Position Title'));
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$fields->push(new UploadField('Image', 'Profile Image'));
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private static $has_one = array(
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'Image' => 'Image',
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);
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public function updateCMSFields(FieldList $fields) {
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$fields->push(new TextField('Position'));
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$fields->push(new UploadField('Image', 'Profile Image'));
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}
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}
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### Adding/modifying fields prior to extensions
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User code can intervene in the process of extending cms fields by using `beforeUpdateCMSFields`
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in its implementation of `getCMSFields`. This can be useful in cases where user code will add
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fields to a dataobject that should be present in the `$fields` parameter when passed to
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`updateCMSFields` in extensions.
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User code can intervene in the process of extending cms fields by using
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`beforeUpdateCMSFields` in its implementation of `getCMSFields`. This can be
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useful in cases where user code will add fields to a dataobject that should be
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present in the `$fields` parameter when passed to `updateCMSFields` in
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extensions.
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This method is preferred to disabling, enabling, and calling cms field extensions manually.
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This method is preferred to disabling, enabling, and calling cms field
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extensions manually.
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:::php
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function getCMSFields() {
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@ -101,106 +162,132 @@ This method is preferred to disabling, enabling, and calling cms field extension
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### Object extension injection points
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`Object` now has two additional methods, `beforeExtending` and `afterExtending`, each of which takes a
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method name and a callback to be executed immediately before and after `Object::extend()` is called on
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extensions.
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`Object` now has two additional methods, `beforeExtending` and `afterExtending`,
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each of which takes a method name and a callback to be executed immediately
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before and after `Object::extend()` is called on extensions.
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This is useful in many cases where working with modules such as `Translatable` which operate on
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`DataObject` fields that must exist in the `FieldList` at the time that `$this->extend('UpdateCMSFields')`
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is called.
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This is useful in many cases where working with modules such as `Translatable`
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which operate on `DataObject` fields that must exist in the `FieldList` at the
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time that `$this->extend('UpdateCMSFields')` is called.
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<div class="notice" markdown='1'>
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Please note that each callback is only ever called once, and then cleared, so multiple extensions
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to the same function require that a callback is registered each time, if necessary.
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Please note that each callback is only ever called once, and then cleared, so
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multiple extensions to the same function require that a callback is registered
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each time, if necessary.
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</div>
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Example: A class that wants to control default values during object initialisation. The code
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needs to assign a value if not specified in self::$defaults, but before extensions have been called:
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Example: A class that wants to control default values during object
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initialization. The code needs to assign a value if not specified in
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`self::$defaults`, but before extensions have been called:
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:::php
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function __construct() {
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$self = $this;
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$this->beforeExtending('populateDefaults', function() uses ($self) {
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if(empty($self->MyField)) {
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$self->MyField = 'Value we want as a default if not specified in $defaults, but set before extensions';
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}
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});
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parent::__construct();
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}
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### Custom database generation
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Some extensions are designed to transparently add more sophisticated data-collection capabilities to your data object.
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For example, `[api:Versioned]` adds version tracking and staging to any data object that it is applied to. To do this,
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you need to be able to create additional database tables and fields to keep your state stored in.
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Some extensions are designed to transparently add more sophisticated
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data-collection capabilities to your `DataObject`. For example, `[api:Versioned]`
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adds version tracking and staging to any `DataObject` that it is applied to.
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To do this, define an **augmentDatabase()** method on your extension. This will be called when db/build is visited.
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To do this, define an **augmentDatabase()** method on your extension. This will
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be called when the database is rebuilt.
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* You can query ``$this->owner`` for information about the data object, such as the fields it has
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* You can use **DB::requireTable($tableName, $fieldList, $indexList)** to set up your new tables. This function takes
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care of creating, modifying, or leaving tables as required, based on your desired schema.
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* You can query `$this->owner` for information about the data object, such as
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the fields it has
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* You can use **DB::requireTable($tableName, $fieldList, $indexList)** to set
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up your new tables. This function takes care of creating, modifying, or leaving
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tables as required, based on your desired schema.
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### Custom write queries
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If you have customised the generated database, then you probably want to change the way that writes happen. This is
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used by `[api:Versioned]` to get an entry written in ClassName_versions whenever an insert/update happens.
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If you have customised the generated database, then you probably want to change
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the way that writes happen. This isused by `[api:Versioned]` to get an entry
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written in ClassName_versions whenever an insert/update happens.
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To do this, define the **augmentWrite(&$manipulation)** method. This method is passed a manipulation array representing
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the write about to happen, and is able to amend this as desired, since it is passed by reference.
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To do this, define the **augmentWrite(&$manipulation)** method. This method is
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passed a manipulation array representing the write about to happen, and is able
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to amend this as desired, since it is passed by reference.
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### Custom relation queries
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The other queries that you will want to customise are the selection queries, called by get & get_one. For example, the
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Versioned object has code to redirect every request to ClassName_live, if you are browsing the live site.
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The other queries that you will want to customise are the selection queries,
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called by get & get_one. For example, the Versioned object has code to redirect
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every request to ClassName_live, if you are browsing the live site.
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To do this, define the **augmentSQL(SQLQuery &$query)** method. Again, the $query object is passed by reference and can
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be modified as needed by your method. Instead of a manipulation array, we have a `[api:SQLQuery]` object.
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To do this, define the **augmentSQL(SQLQuery &$query)** method. Again, the
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`$query` object is passed by reference and can be modified as needed by your
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method. Instead of a manipulation array, we have a `[api:SQLQuery]` object.
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### Additional methods
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The other thing you may want to do with a extension is provide a method that can be called on the `[api:DataObject]` that is
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being extended. For instance, you may add a publish() method to every `[api:DataObject]` that is extended with `[api:Versioned]`.
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The other thing you may want to do with a extension is provide a method that can
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be called on the `[api:DataObject]` that is being extended. For instance, you
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may add a publish() method to every `[api:DataObject]` that is extended with
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`[api:Versioned]`.
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This is as simple as defining a method called publish() on your extension. Bear in mind, however, that instead of
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$this, you should be referring to $this->owner.
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This is as simple as defining a method called publish() on your extension. Bear
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in mind, however, that instead of $this, you should be referring to
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`$this->owner`.
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* $this = The `[api:DataExtension]` object.
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* $this->owner = The related `[api:DataObject]` object.
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If you want to add your own internal properties, you can add this to the `[api:DataExtension]`, and these will be referred
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to as `$this->propertyName`. Every `[api:DataObject]` has an associated `[api:DataExtension]` instance for each class that it is
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extended by.
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If you want to add your own internal properties, you can add this to the
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`[api:DataExtension]`, and these will be referred to as `$this->propertyName`.
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Every `[api:DataObject]` has an associated `[api:DataExtension]` instance for
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each class that it is extended by.
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:::php
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<?php
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class Customer extends DataObject {
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private static $has_one = array('Account'=>'Account');
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private static $has_one = array(
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'Account' => 'Account'
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);
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private static $extensions = array(
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'CustomerWorkflow'
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);
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private static $extensions = array(
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'CustomerWorkflow'
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);
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}
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class Account extends DataObject {
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private static $db = array(
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'IsMarkedForDeletion'=>'Boolean'
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);
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private static $has_many = array('Customers'=>'Customer');
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private static $db = array(
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'IsMarkedForDeletion'=>'Boolean'
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);
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private static $has_many = array(
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'Customers' => 'Customer'
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);
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}
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class CustomerWorkflow extends DataExtension {
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public function IsMarkedForDeletion() {
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return ($this->owner->Account()->IsMarkedForDeletion == 1) ? true : false;
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}
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public function IsMarkedForDeletion() {
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return ($this->owner->Account()->IsMarkedForDeletion == 1) ? true : false;
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}
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}
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## API Documentation
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`[api:DataExtension]`
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* `[api:Extension]`
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* `[api:DataExtension]`
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## See Also
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* [Injector](injector/)
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* `[api:Object::useCustomClass]`
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