silverstripe-framework/docs/en/04_Changelogs/4.0.0.md

# 4.0.0 (unreleased)

## Introduction

This version introduces many breaking changes, which in most projects can be managed through a combination
of automatic upgrade processes as well as manual code review. This document reviews these changes and will
guide developers in preparing existing 3.x code for compatibility with 4.0

* [Highlights of Major Changes](#overview)
* [Upgrading Guide](#upgrading)
  * [Standard Upgrade](#upgrading-primary)
  * [API Specific Upgrades](#upgrading-specifics)
* [API Changes](#api-changes)
  * [General and Core API](#overview-general)
  * [ORM API](#overview-orm)
  * [Filesystem API](#overview-filesystem)
  * [Template and Form API](#overview-template)
* [Commit History](#commit-history)

## <a name="overview"></a>Highlights of major changes

* Minimum version dependencies have increased; PHP 5.5 and Internet Explorer 10 (or other modern browser)
  is required.
* All code earlier marked as deprecated for 4.0 has now been removed. See
  [deprecation documentation](/contributing/release_process) for information on code deprecation.
* All SilverStripe classes are now namespaced, and some have been renamed. This has major implications for
  arrangement of templates, as well as other references to classes via string literals or configuration.
  Automatic upgrading tools have been developed to cope with the bulk of these changes (see 
  [upgrading notes](#upgrading)).
* Asset storage has been abstracted, and a new concept of `DBFile` references via database column references
  now exists in addition to references via the existing `File` dataobject. File security and protected files
  are now a core feature.
* A new front-end development process has been developed for the construction of javascript based components,
  prominently featuring ReactJS to develop highly functional CMS content areas. A new standard form schema
  API has been developed to allow back-end PHP constructed forms to scaffold themselves within ReactJS
  powered sections.
* CMS CSS has been re-developed using bootstrap 4 as a base 
  ([blog post](https://www.silverstripe.org/blog/a-frameworks-framework-why-silverstripe-4-will-use-bootstrap/))
* Asset admin has been replaced with a purely ReactJS powered upgrade, and split out
  module called [asset-admin](https://github.com/silverstripe/silverstripe-asset-admin/). You'll need to add this to your `composer.json` to retain file management capabilities for your CMS authors.
* Versioning is now a much more powerful feature, with the addition of campaigns to allow batches of related
  or inter-dependent objects to be published as a single act. Dependencies between versioned objects can be
  declared using the new ownership API, so that developers can ensure that relational consistency is
  maintained during publishing. This new system can be managed via the new "Campaigns" CMS section ([blog post](https://www.silverstripe.org/blog/campaigns-in-silverstripe-4/))
* Template variable casting (e.g. `<h1>$Title</h1>`) is enforced by default, which will ensure safe HTML encode
  unless explicitly opted out.
* Themes are now configured to cascade, where you can specify a list of themes, and have the template engine
  search programatically through a prioritised list when resolving template and CSS file paths.

## <a name="upgrading"></a>Upgrading

The below sections describe how to go about updating an existing site to be prepared for upgrade to 4.0.
Most of these upgrading tasks will involve manual code review, although in some cases there are
some automated processes that users can run to 

### <a name="upgrading-primary"></a>Standard Upgrade

This section describes the processes which every project upgrading to 4.0 should follow. This should be followed
as a standard first point of upgrade.

#### Upgrade references to renamed and namespaced classes

Nearly all core PHP classes have been namespaced. For example, `DataObject` is now called `SilverStripe\ORM\DataObject`.
We have developed an [upgrader tool](https://github.com/silverstripe/silverstripe-upgrader/) to (semi-)automatically update your 3.x code to the new naming. Here's an example how to upgrade your `mysite` folder:
	
	composer global require silverstripe/upgrader
	cd ~/Project/Root
	~/.composer/vendor/bin/upgrade-code upgrade ./mysite --write


If you want to do a dry-run, omit the `--write` option to see a preview of a diff of
all changed project files.

This will resolve the majority of upgrading work, but we strongly recommend reviewing the diff
running some regression testing on your functionality. SilverStripe core classes can be referenced
in your PHP files, but also in YAML configuration and SilverStripe templates.
For a full list of renamed classes, check the `.upgrade.yml` definitions in each module.

The rename won't affect class-based permission codes or database table names.

#### Upgrade template locations and references

Templates are now much more strict about their locations. You can no longer put a template in an arbitrary
folder and have it be found. Case is now also checked on case-sensitive filesystems.

Either include the folder in the template name (`renderWith('MyEmail.ss')` => `renderWith('emails/MyEmail.ss')`),
move the template into the correct directory, or both. This also affects `<% include %>` statements in templates.

When using `<% include %>` template tag you should continue to leave out the `Includes` folder. 
`<% include Sidebar %>` will match only match `Includes/Sidebar.ss`, not `Sidebar.ss`.
Please refer to our [template syntax](/developer_guides/templates/syntax) for details.

Core template locations have moved - if you're including or overriding these
(e.g. for FormField templates) please adjust to the new paths. The `forms` folder
no longer exists, and instead template locations will be placed in paths that match
the `SilverStripe\Forms` namespace.

### <a name="upgrading-specifics"></a>API Specific Upgrades

The below sections deal with upgrades to specific parts of various API. Projects which rely on certain
API should be upgraded as appropriate using any of the relevant processes documented below.

#### Compatibility with the new front-end building tools

If you are using Requirements from 3.x then your scripts should continue to work as they did before.
The new front-end tooling is intended only for those wishing to customise the CMS look and feel, or behaviour.

Those wishing to customise the CMS should read about how to
[customise the admin interface](/developer_guides/customising_the_admin_interface/).

#### Upgrade static references to asset paths

All static files (images, javascript, stylesheets, fonts) used for the CMS and forms interfaces
in `framework` and `cms` have moved locations. These assets are now placed in a `client/` subfolder,
to account for a structural change where both javascript and styles are co-located in component-specific folders.
This will affect you if you have used `Requirements::block()` on files in the `framework/` or `cms/` folder.
Care should also be taken when referencing images in these folders from your own stylesheets (`url()`),
or via SilverStripe templates (`<img>` tags).

`Requirements` now throws an exception then a file is not found, rather than
failing silently, so check your `Requirements` are pointing to files that exist.

```
framework/javascript       => admin/client/dist/
framework/javascript/lang  => admin/client/lang/
framework/images           => admin/client/dist/images/
framework/css              => admin/client/dist/css/
framework/scss             => admin/client/src/styles/
admin/javascript/          => admin/client/src/
admin/javascript/src/      => admin/client/src/legacy/ (mostly)
admin/javascript/lang/     => admin/client/lang/
admin/scss/                => admin/client/styles/legacy/
admin/css/                 => admin/client/dist/css/
admin/css/screen.css       => admin/client/dist/css/bundle.css
admin/images/              => admin/client/dist/images/
admin/images/sprites/src/  => admin/client/src/sprites/
admin/images/sprites/dist/ => admin/client/dist/sprites/
admin/font/                => admin/client/dist/font/
```

Most JavaScript files in `framework/javascript` have been removed,
and are bundled through [Webpack](http://webpack.github.io/) into a combined file instead.
If you have referenced these files elsewhere, please consider
running the ES6 source files in `admin/client/src/legacy`
through your own transpiling and bundle process.

This also includes JavaScript i18n support, and the removal of the `i18n::js_i18n`
configuration option used in `Requirements::add_i18n_javascript()`.

SilverStripe core is moving away from `Requirements::combine_files` in favour of Webpack as of
4.0. `Requirements::combine_files` is being considered for deprecation in future versions.

All JavaScript thirdparty dependencies have either been moved to NPM (see `package.json`),
or moved into the `framework/admin/thirdparty` folder. If you are hotlinking to any
of these files, please consider packaging your own versions in your projects and modules.
For CMS modules, you can also use many library globals which the core bundles already expose
(see [Build Tooling](/contributing/build_tooling)).

One commonly linked thirdparty dependency is `jquery.js` bundled with SilverStripe: 

```
framework/thirdparty/jquery/jquery.js => framework/admin/thirdparty/jquery/jquery.js
```

#### Explicit text casting is now enforced on all template variables
 
Now whenever a `$Variable` is used in a template, regardless of whether any casts or methods are
suffixed to the reference, it will be cast to either an explicit DBField for that field, or
the value declared by the `default_cast` on the parent object.
 
The default value of `default_cast` is `Text`, meaning that now many cases where a field was
left un-uncoded, this will now be safely encoded via `Convert::raw2xml`. In cases where
un-cast fields were used to place raw HTML into templates, this will now encode this until
explicitly cast for that field.
 
You can resolve this in your model by adding an explicit cast to HTML for those fields.


Before:


	:::php
	class MyObject extends ViewableData {
		public function getSomeHTML {
			$title = Convert::raw2xml($this->Title);
			return "<h1>{$title}</h1>";
		}
	}


After:


	:::php
	class MyObject extends ViewableData {
		private static $casting = [
			'SomeHTML' => 'HTMLText'
		];
		
		public function getSomeHTML {
			$title = Convert::raw2xml($this->Title);
			return "<h1>{$title}</h1>";
		}
	}


If you need to encode a field (such as HTMLText) for use in html attributes, use `.ATT`
instead, or if used in an actual XML file use `.CDATA` (see [template casting](/developer_guides/templates/casting)).

#### Upgrade code that uses SQLQuery

Where your code once used SQLQuery you should now use SQLSelect in all cases, as this has been removed (check the [3.2.0](3.2.0) upgrading notes).

#### New asset storage mechanism

File system has been abstracted into an abstract interface. By default, the out of the box filesystem
uses [Flysystem](http://flysystem.thephpleague.com/) with a local storage mechanism (under the assets directory).

Because the filesystem now uses the sha1 of file contents in order to version multiple versions under the same
filename, the default storage paths in 4.0 will not be the same as in 3.

In order to retain existing file paths in line with framework version 3 you should set the
`\SilverStripe\Filesystem\Flysystem\FlysystemAssetStore.legacy_paths` config to true.
Note that this will not allow you to utilise certain file versioning features in 4.0.


	:::yaml
	\SilverStripe\Filesystem\Flysystem\FlysystemAssetStore:
	  legacy_paths: true


See our ["File Management" guide](/developer_guides/files/file_management) for more information.

#### Migrating File DataObject from 3.x to 4.0

Since the structure of `File` dataobjects has changed, a new task `MigrateFileTask` has been added to assist
in migration of legacy files. Migration can be invoked by either this task, or can be configured to automatically
run during dev build by setting the `File.migrate_legacy_file` config to true. However, it's recommended that
this task is run manually during an explicit migration process, as this process could potentially consume
large amounts of memory and run for an extended time.


	:::yaml
	File:
	  migrate_legacy_file: true


This task will also support migration of existing File DataObjects to file versioning. Any
pre-existing File DataObjects will be automatically published to the live stage, to ensure
that previously visible assets remain visible to the public site.

If additional security or visibility rules should be applied to File dataobjects, then
make sure to correctly extend `canView` via extensions.

Note that pre-existing security solutions for 3.x (such as
[secure assets module](https://github.com/silverstripe/silverstripe-secureassets))
are incompatible with core file security.


#### Upgrade code which acts on `Image`

As all image-specific manipulations has been refactored from `Image` into an `ImageManipulations` trait, which 
is applied to both `File` and `DBFile`. These both implement a common interface `AssetContainer`, which
has the `getIsImage()` method. In some cases, it may be preferable to invoke this method to detect
if the asset is an image or not, rather than checking the subclass, as the asset may also be a `DBFile` with
an image filter applied, rather than an instance of the `Image` dataobject.

In addition, a new file category `image/supported` has been added, which is a subset of the `image` category.
This is the subset of all image types which may be assigned to the `[api:Image]` dataobject, and may have
manipulations applied to it. This should be used as the file type restriction on any `[api:UploadField]` which
is intended to upload images for manipulation.

Before:


	:::php
	if($file instanceof Image) {
		$upload = new UploadField();
		$upload->setAllowedFileCategories('image');
	}


After:


	:::php
	if($file->getIsImage()) {
		$upload = new UploadField();
		$upload->setAllowedFileCategories('image/supported');
	}


In cases where image-only assets may be assigned to relationships then your datamodel should specify explicitly
an `Image` datatype, or refer to `DBFile('image/supported')`.

E.g.


	:::php
	class MyObject extends DataObject {
		private static $has_one = array(
			"ImageObject" => "Image"
		);
		private static $db = array(
			"ImageField" => "DBFile('image/supported')"
		);
	}


#### Upgrading code that writes to `File` dataobjects, or writes files to the 'assets' folder

In the past all that was necessary to write a `File` DataObject to the database was to ensure a physical file
existed in the assets folder, and that the Filename of the DataObject was set to the same location.

Since the storage of physical files is no longer a standard location, it's necessary to delegate the writing of such
files to the asset persistence layer. As a wrapper for an individual file, you can use any of the `setFrom*`
methods to assign content from a local (e.g. temporary) file, a stream, or a string of content.
You would need to upgrade your code as below.

Before:


	:::php
	function importTempFile($tmp) {
		copy($tmp, ASSETS_PATH . '/imported/' . basename($tmp));
		$file = new File();
		$file->setFilename('assets/imported/'.basename($tmp));
		$file->write();
	}


After:


	:::php
	function importTempFile($tmp) {
	    Versioned::reading_stage('Stage');
		$file = new File();
		$file->setFromLocalFile($tmp, 'imported/'.basename($tmp));
		$file->write();
		$file->doPublish();
	}


Note that 'assets' is no longer present in the new code, and the path beneath what was once assets is now
used to generate the 'filename' value. This is because there is no longer an assumption that files are
stored in the assets folder.

There are other important considerations in working with File dataobjects which differ from legacy:

* File synchronisation is no longer automatic. This is due to the fact that there is no longer a 1-to-1 relationship
  between physical files and File DataObjects.
* Folder DataObjects are now purely logical DataObjects, and perform no actual filesystem folder creation on write.
* All Files are versioned, which means that by default, new File records will not be visibile
  to the public site. You will need to make sure to invoke `->doPublish()` on any File DataObject
  you wish visitors to be able to see.

You can disable File versioning by adding the following to your _config.php


    :::php
    File::remove_extension('Versioned');


#### Upgrading code performs custom image manipulations

As file storage and handling has been refactored into the abstract interface, many other components which were
once specific to Image.php have now been moved into a shared `ImageManipulation` trait. Manipulations of file content,
which are used to generate what are now called "variants" of assets, is now a generic api available to both `File`
and `DBFile` classes through this trait.

Custom manipulations, applied via extensions, must be modified to use the new API.
For instance, code which sizes images to a fixed width should be updated as below:

Before:


	:::php
	// in MyImageExtension.php
	class MyImageExtension extends DataExtension {
		public function GalleryThumbnail($height) {
			return $this->getFormattedImage('GalleryThumbnail', $height);
		}
		public function generateGalleryThumbnail(Image_Backend $backend, $height) {
			return $backend->paddedResize(300, $height);
		}
	}

	// in _config.php
	Image::add_extension('MyImageExtension');


Now image manipulations are implemented with a single method via a callback generator:


	:::php
	// in MyImageExtension.php
	class MyImageExtension extends Extension {
		public function GalleryThumbnail($height) {
			// Generates the manipulation key
			$variant = $this->owner->variantName(__FUNCTION__, $height);

			// Instruct the backend to search for an existing variant with this key,
			// and include a callback used to generate this image if it doesn't exist
			return $this->owner->manipulateImage($variant, function(Image_Backend $backend) use ($height) {
				return $backend->paddedResize(300, $height);
			});
		}
	}

	// in _config.php
	File::add_extension('MyImageExtension');
	SilverStripe\Filesystem\Storage\DBFile::add_extension('MyImageExtension');


There are a few differences in this new API:

* The extension is no longer specific to DataObjects, so it uses the generic 'Extension' class instead of 'DataExtension'
* This extension is added to both `DBFile` and `File`, or order to make this manipulation available to non-dataobject
  file references as well, but it could be applied to either independently.
* A helper method `variantName` is invoked in order to help generate a unique variant key. Custom code may use another
  generation mechanism.
* Non-image files may also have manipulations, however the specific `manipulateImage` should not be used in this case.
  A generic `manipulate` method may be used, although the callback for this method both is given, and should return,
  an `AssetStore` instance and file tuple (Filename, Hash, and Variant) rather than an Image_Backend.

#### Upgrading code that uses composite db fields.

The `CompositeDBField` interface has been replaced with an abstract class, `DBComposite`. In many cases, custom code
that handled saving of content into composite fields can be removed, as it is now handled by the base class.

The below describes the minimum amount of effort required to implement a composite DB field.

	:::php
	<?
	class MyAddressField extends DBComposite {

		private static $composite_db = array(
			'Street' => 'Varchar(200)',
			'Suburb' => 'Varchar(100)',
			'City' => 'Varchar(100)',
			'Country' => 'Varchar(100)'
		);

		public function scaffoldFormField($title = null) {
			new AddressFormField($this->getName(), $title);
		}
	}


#### Upgrading code that references `DataObject::database_fields` or `DataObject::db`

These methods have been updated to include base fields (such as ID, ClassName, Created, and LastEdited), as
well as composite DB fields.

`DataObject::database_fields` does not have a second parameter anymore, and can be called directly on an object
or class. E.g. `Member::database_fields()`.
If user code requires the list of fields excluding base fields, then use custom_database_fields instead, or
make sure to call `unset($fields['ID']);` if this field should be excluded.

`DataObject:db()` will return all logical fields, including foreign key ids and composite DB Fields, alongside
any child fields of these composites. This method can now take a second parameter $includesTable, which 
when set to true (with a field name as the first parameter), will also include the table prefix in
`Table.ClassName(args)` format.


#### Upgrade code that uses SQLQuery

SQLQuery is still implemented, but now extends the new SQLSelect class and has some methods
deprecated. Previously this class was used for both selecting and deleting, but these
have been superceded by the specialised SQLSelect and SQLDelete classes.

Take care for any code or functions which expect an object of type `SQLQuery`, as
these references should be replaced with `SQLSelect`. Legacy code which generates
`SQLQuery` can still communicate with new code that expects `SQLSelect` as it is a
subclass of `SQLSelect`, but the inverse is not true.

#### Upgrade code that references table names

A major change in 4.0.0 is that now tables and class names can differ from model to model. In order to
fix a table name, to prevent it being changed (for instance, when applying a namespace to a model)
the `table_name` config can be applied to any DataObject class.


	:::php
	namespace SilverStripe\BannerManager;
	class BannerImage extends \DataObject {
		private static $table_name = 'BannerImage';
	}


In order to ensure you are using the correct table for any class a new [api:DataObjectSchema] service
is available to manage these mappings (see [versioned documentation](/developer_guides/model/data_model_and_orm)).


	:::php
	public function countDuplicates($model, $fieldToCheck) {
		$table = DataObject::getSchema()->tableForField($model, $field);
		$query = new SQLSelect();
		$query->setFrom("\"{$table}\"");
		$query->setWhere(["\"{$table}\".\"{$field}\"" => $model->$fieldToCheck]);
		return $query->count();
	}


#### Upgrade implementations of augmentSQL

Since this method now takes a `SQLSelect` as a first parameter, existing code referencing the deprecated `SQLQuery`
type will raise a PHP error.

Before:

	:::php
	function augmentSQL(SQLQuery &$query, DataQuery &$dataQuery = null) {
		$locale = Translatable::get_current_locale();
		if(!preg_match('/("|\'|`)Locale("|\'|`)/', implode(' ', $query->getWhere())))  {
			$qry = sprintf('"Locale" = \'%s\'', Convert::raw2sql($locale));
			$query->addWhere($qry); 
		}
	}

After:

	:::php
	function augmentSQL(SQLSelect $query, DataQuery $dataQuery = null) {
		$locale = Translatable::get_current_locale();
		if(!preg_match('/("|\'|`)Locale("|\'|`)/', implode(' ', $query->getWhereParameterised($parameters))))  {
			$query->addWhere(array(
				'"Locale"' => $locale
			));
		}
	}


#### Upgrade code that modifies the behaviour of ErrorPage

ErrorPage has been updated to use a configurable asset backend, similar to the `AssetStore` described above.
This replaces the `ErrorPage.static_filepath` config that was used to write local files.

As a result, error pages may be cached either to a local filesystem, or an external Flysystem store
(which is configured via setting a new Flysystem backend with YAML).

`ErrorPage::get_filepath_for_errorcode()` has been removed, because the local path for a specific code is
no longer assumed. Instead you should use `ErrorPage::get_content_for_errorcode` which retrieves the
appropriate content for that error using one of the methods above.

In order to retrieve the actual filename (which is used to identify an error page regardless of base
path), you can use `ErrorPage::get_error_filename()` instead. Unlike the old `get_filepath_for_errorcode`
method, there is no $locale parameter.

In case that user code must customise this filename, such as for extensions which provide a locale value
for any error page, the extension point `updateErrorFilename` can be used. This extension point should
also be used to replace any `alternateFilepathForErrorcode` used.


	:::php
	class MyErrorPageExtension extends SiteTreeExtension {
		public function updateErrorFilename(&$name, &$statuscode) {
			if($this->owner->exists()) {
				$locale = $this->Locale;
			} else {
				$locale = Translatable::get_current_locale();
			}
			$name = "error-{$statusCode}-{$locale}.html";
		}
	}


	:::yaml
	ErrorPage:
	  extensions:
	    - MyErrorPageExtension

#### Upgrading asset web.config, .htaccess, or other server configuration

Server configuration files for `/assets` are no longer static, and are regenerated via a set of
standard silverstripe templates on flush. These templates include:

 * `Assets_HTAccess.ss`: Template for public permissions on the Apache server.
 * `Assets_WebConfig.ss`: Template for public permissions on the IIS server.
 * `Protected_HTAccess.ss`: Template for the protected store on the Apache server (should deny all requests).
 * `Protected_WebConfig.ss`: Template for the protected store on the IIS server (should deny all requests).

You will need to make sure that these files are writable via the web server, and that any necessary
configuration customisation is done via overriding these templates.

If upgrading from an existing installation, make sure to invoke `?flush=all` at least once.

See our ["File Security" guide](/developer_guides/files/file_security) for more information.

#### `ListboxField` is now multiple-only

Previously, this field would operate as either a single select (default) or multi-select by setting
`setMultiple` to either true or false.

Now this field should only be used for multi-selection. Single-selection should be done using
a regular `DropdownField`.

#### `GroupedDropdownField::setDisabled` now only accepts a list of values.

Where previously you could specify a list of grouped values in the same way as `setSource`, this
method now only accepts either a non-associative array of values (not titles) or an `SS_List`
of items to disable.

#### Upgrading TinyMCE to 4.0

 Please see the [tinymce upgrading guide](http://archive.tinymce.com/wiki.php/Tutorial:Migration_guide_from_3.x)
 to assist with upgrades to customisations to tinymce 3.
 
 In Framework 4.0 the user interface for TinyMCE has been trimmed down considerably, with certain toolbar
 buttons removed from the default cms configuration. These include:
 * Strikethrough
 * Styles dropdown
 * Block quotes
 * Horizontal Rule
 * Undo / Redo
 * Cut / Paste as word
 * Select all
 * Fullscreen
 
However, these function may be enabled on a case by case basis through modifification of the default
tinymce config, or by creating custom configurations.

The optional `ss_macron` plugin for inserting Māori diacritical marks
has been removed from core. You can configure the built-in `charmap` plugin instead:
    
    :::php
    $editor = HtmlEditorConfig::get('cms');
    $editor->enablePlugins('charmap');
    $editor->addButtonsToLine(1, 'charmap');
    $editor->setOption('charmap_append', [
        ['256','A - macron'],
        ['274','E - macron'],
        ['298','I - macron'], 
        ['332','O - macron'], 
        ['362','U - macron'], 
        ['257','a - macron'], 
        ['275','e - macron'], 
        ['299','i - macron'], 
        ['333','o - macron'], 
        ['363','u - macron']
    ]);
 
For more information on available options and plugins please refer to the
[tinymce documentation](https://www.tinymce.com/docs/configure/)

#### Upgrading DataObjects with the `Versioned` extension

In most cases, versioned models with the default versioning parameters will not need to be changed. However,
there are now additional restrictions on the use of custom stage names.

Rather than declaring the list of stages a model has, the constructor for `Versioned` will take a single mode
parameter, which declares whether or not the model is versioned and has a draft and live stage, or alternatively
if it only has versioning without staging.


	:::php
	/**
	 * This model has staging and versioning. Stages will be "Stage" and "Live"
	 */
	class MyStagedModel extends DataObject {
		private staic $extensions = array(
			"Versioned('StagedVersioned')"
		);
	}
	
	/**
	 * This model has versioning only, and will not has a draft or live stage, nor be affected by the current stage.
	 */
	class MyVersionedModel extends DataObject {
		private static $extensions = array(
			"Versioned('Versioned')"
		);
	}


Additionally, the following api methods have been added:

 * `Versioned::publishRecursive` Publishes this object, and all owned objects
 * `Versioned::publishSingle` Publishes this object, but not owned objects
 * `Versioned::copyVersionToStage` Replaces the old `publish` method.
 
These methods are deprecated:

 * `Versioned::publish` Replaced by `Versioned::copyVersionToStage`
 * `Versioned::doPublish` Replaced by `Versioned::publishRecursive`

#### Implementation of ownership API

In order to support the recursive publishing of dataobjects, a new API has been developed to allow
developers to declare dependencies between objects. See the
[versioned documentation](/developer_guides/model/versioning) for more information.

By default all versioned dataobjects will automatically publish objects that they own.

#### ChangeSet batch publishing

ChangeSet objects have been added, which allow groups of objects to be published in
a single atomic transaction.
This API will utilise the ownership API to ensure that changes to any object include
all necessary changes to owners or owned entities within the same changeset.

#### New `[image]` shortcode in `HTMLText` fields

The new Ownership API relies on relationships between objects.
Many of these relationships are already made explicit through `has_one`, `has_many` and `many_many`.
Images inserted into `HTMLText` fields (through a WYSIWYG editor) need to be tracked as well.
Instead of `<img>` tags, the field will insert `[image]` shortcodes which point to the database identifier
of the `Image` record rather than its path on the filesystem. The shortcode will be automatically replaced
when the field is rendered. Newly inserted images will automatically receive the shortcode and ownership tracking,
and existing `<img>` will continue to work.  

#### Upgrading references to DBField and subclasses

A major change in 4.0 is the introduction of namespaced DBField subclasses. Now as a standard, all DBField subclasses have a `DB` prefix, are namespaced, and have an associative alias which omits the DB prefix.

This means that for the most part, code that worked in 3.0 won't need to be changed, although if you have any hard class literals which reference the old classes, they will need to be updated to point to the new namespaced classes.

An exception to this is any classes which once had the `SS_` prefix, which will now be instead prefixed with `DB`, and have an un-aliased prefix. For example `SS_Datetime` is now `DBDateTime`, and has the alias `DateTime` which may be used in config.

Before:

	class MyObject extends DataObject {
	    private static $db = array(
	        'Number' => 'Int',
	        'Time' => 'SS_Datetime'
	    );

	    /**
	     * @param Int $val
	     * @return Varchar
	     */
	    public function TextNumber() {
	        return new Varchar('TextNumber', 'Number is ' . $this->Number);
	    }
	}

After:

	use SilverStripe\ORM\FieldType\DBVarchar;

	class MyObject extends DataObject {
	    private static $db = array(
	        'Number' => 'Int',
	        'Time' => 'Datetime'
	    );

	    /**
	     * @param Int $val
	     * @return Varchar
	     */
	    public function TextNumber() {
	        return new DBVarchar('TextNumber', 'Number is ' . $this->Number);
	    }
	}

Note that string references to SS_Datetime passed to injector, or used in config values, will still work, and will refer to the updated class names.

#### Upgrading from deprecated RestfulService

Install Guzzle to get an API consuming library.
`composer require guzzlehttp/guzzle` or add `guzzlehttp/guzzle: "^6.0"` to your composer.json.

For information on how to use Guzzle, please see the extensive [Guzzle documentation](http://docs.guzzlephp.org/en/latest/)

In case you want to keep using RestfulService, you can use `Firesphere/silverstripe-restfulservice`, but it is unmaintained and deprecated.

#### Upgrading from deprecated Oembed

Instead of Oembed, the framework now relies on [oscarotero/Embed](https://github.com/oscarotero/Embed) to handle getting the shortcode-data for embedding. 
If you have custom embedding-code relying on Oembed, please refer to the documentation provided by oscarotero.

#### Admin URL can now be configured via custom Director routing rule

The default `admin/` URL to access the CMS interface can now be changed via a custom Director routing rule for 
`AdminRootController`. If your website or module has hard coded `admin` URLs in PHP, templates or JavaScript, make sure 
to update those with the appropriate function or config call. See 
[CMS architecture](/developer_guides/customising_the_admin_interface/cms-architecture#the-admin-url) for language 
specific functions.

## <a name="api-changes"></a>API Changes

### <a name="overview-general"></a>General and Core API

#### <a name="overview-general-api"></a>General and Core API Additions / Changes

* Minimum PHP version raised to 5.5.0
* Minimum CMS browser requirement raised from Internet Explorer 8 to Internet Explorer 10
* Updated PHPUnit from 3.7 to 4.8 ([upgrade notes](https://github.com/sebastianbergmann/phpunit/wiki/Release-Announcement-for-PHPUnit-4.0.0#backwards-compatibility-issues)). 
  Please remove any PHPUnit related `require_once()` calls (e.g. in `FeatureContext` 
  definitions of the [behat-extension](https://github.com/silverstripe-labs/silverstripe-behat-extension) module).
  Run `composer require --dev 'phpunit/phpunit:~4.8'` on existing projects to pull in the new dependency.
* Admin URL can now be configured via custom Director routing rule
* `Controller::init` visibility changed to protected. Use `Controller::doInit()` instead.
* `Object::useCustomClass` has been removed. You should use the config API with Injector instead.
* `Object::invokeWithExtensions` now has the same method signature as `Object::extend` and behaves the same way.
* `ServiceConfigurationLocator` is now an interface not a class.
* `i18nTextCollectorTask` merge is now true by default.
* `Object` has been broken up into various traits, each of which can be added to other objects independently:
  * `Configurable` Provides Config API helper methods
  * `Injectable` Provides Injector API helper methods
  * `Extensible` Allows extensions to be applied
* `SiteTree.alternatePreviewLink` is deprecated. Use `updatePreviewLink` instead.
* `Injector` dependencies no longer automatically inherit from parent classes.
* `$action` parameter to `Controller::Link()` method is standardised.
* Moved test database cleanup task from `sake dev/tests/cleanupdb` to `sake dev/tasks/CleanupTestDatabasesTask`

#### <a name="overview-general-removed"></a>General and Core Removed API

* `CMSMain::buildbrokenlinks()` action is removed.
* `SS_Log::add_writer()` method is removed.
* Removed `CMSBatchAction_Delete`
* Removed `CMSBatchAction_DeleteFromLive`
* Removed `CMSMain.enabled_legacy_actions` config.
* Removed ability to run tests via web requests (`http://mydomain.com/dev/tests`), use the standard CLI
  command instead (`vendor/bin/phpunit`).
* Removed `dev/jstests/` controller (no replacement)
* Removed `TestRunner` and `JSTestRunner` APIs
* Removed `PhpUnitWrapper`, `PhpUnitWrapper_3_4`, `PhpUnitWrapper_3_5`, `PhpUnitWrapper_Generic`, `SapphireTestSuite` APIs
* Removed `SapphireTest::skipTest()`, use `markTestSkipped()` in a `setUp()` method instead
* Removed the `History.js` javascript library.
* `debugmethods` querystring argument has been removed from debugging.
* `ErrorPage.static_filepath` config has been removed.
* `ErrorPage::get_filepath_for_errorcode` has been removed
* `ErrorPage::alternateFilepathForErrorcode` extension point has been removed
* Removed `Config_LRU`
* Removed `SilverStripeInjectionCreator`
* Removed `i18n::get_translatable_modules` method.
* Removed `i18nTextCollector_Writer_Php`
* Removed `i18nSSLegacyAdapter`
* Removed `FunctionalTest::stat`
* Removed `LeftAndMainMarkingFilter`
* Removed `Controller::getFormOwner`
* The Spyc YAML library has been removed from /thirdparty. Please load it yourself, or use the
  Symfony YAML component that’s automatically installed by composer.
* `RestfulService` has been removed. Use Guzzle instead. See Upgrading notes.
* Our self-maintained `Oembed` implementation has been removed, in favour of introducing
  [oscarotero/Embed](https://github.com/oscarotero/Embed) as a dependency.
  
#### <a name="overview-general-deprecated"></a>General and Core Deprecated API

A very small number of methods were chosen for deprecation, and will be removed in 5.0 rather than 4.0

* `ClassInfo::baseDataClass` - Use `DataObject::getSchema()->baseDataClass()` instead.
* `ClassInfo::table_for_object_field` - Use `DataObject::getSchema()->tableForField()` instead

### <a name="overview-orm"></a>ORM API

#### <a name="overview-orm-api"></a>ORM API Additions / Changes

* Deprecate `SQLQuery` in favour `SQLSelect`
* `DataList::filter` by null now internally generates "IS NULL" or "IS NOT NULL" conditions appropriately on queries
* `DataObject` constructor now has an additional parameter, which must be included in subclasses.
* `DataObject::database_fields` now returns all fields on that table.
* `DataObject::db` now returns composite fields.
* `DataObject::ClassName` field has been refactored into a `DBClassName` type field.
* `DataObject::can` has new method signature with `$context` parameter.
* `DBHTMLText` no longer enables shortcodes by default. Two injector aliases have been created for this
  class which can be used to select the correct behaviour:
  * `HTMLText`: `DBHTMLText` with shortcodes enabled
  * `HTMLFragment`: `DBHTMLText` without shortcodes enabled (as default)
* Changes to `DBString` formatting:
  * `NoHTML` is renamed to `Plain`
  * `LimitWordCountXML` is removed. Use `LimitWordCount` instead.
  * `BigSummary` is removed. Use `Summary` instead.
  * Most limit methods on `DBHTMLText` now plain text rather than attempt to manipulate the underlying HTML.
  * `FormField::Title` and `FormField::RightTitle` are now cast as plain text by default (but can be overridden).
* Removed `DataList::applyFilterContext` private method
* Search filter classes (e.g. `ExactMatchFilter`) are now registered with `Injector`
  via a new `DataListFilter.` prefix convention.
  see [search filter documentation](/developer_guides/model/searchfilters) for more information.
* `Versioned` API has some breaking changes:
  * Versioned constructor now only allows a single string to declare whether staging is enabled or not. The
    number of names of stages are no longer able to be specified. See below for upgrading notes for models
    with custom stages.
  * `reading_stage` is now `set_stage` and throws an error if setting an invalid stage.
  * `current_stage` is now `get_stage`
  * `getVersionedStages` is gone.
  * `get_live_stage` is removed. Use the `Versioned::LIVE` constant instead.
  * `getDefaultStage` is removed. Use the `Versioned::DRAFT` constant instead.
  * `$versionableExtensions` is now `private static` instead of `protected static`
  * `hasStages` is addded to check if an object has a given stage.
  * `stageTable` is added to get the table for a given class and stage.
  * Any extension declared via `versionableExtensions` config on Versioned dataobject must now 
    `VersionableExtension` interface at a minimum. `Translatable` has been removed from default
    `versionableExtensions`
* A lot of standard versioned API has been refactored from `SiteTree` into `Versioned` extension. Now
  all versioned DataObjects have `canPublish()`, `canArchive()`, `canUnpublish()`, `doPublish()`, `doArchive()`
  `doUnpublish()`, `isPublished()` and `isonDraft()` out of the box. However, `do*()` methods will no longer
  automatically check `can*()` permissions, and must be done by usercode before invocation.
* `ChangeSet` and `ChangeSetItem` have been added for batch publishing of versioned dataobjects.
* `DataObject.table_name` config can now be used to customise the database table for any record.
* `DataObjectSchema` class added to assist with mapping between classes and tables.
 
#### <a name="overview-orm-removed"></a>ORM Removed API

* Removed `DataList::getRelation`, as it was mutable. Use `DataList::applyRelation` instead, which is immutable.
* Removed `DataList::applyFilterContext` private method
* `Member` Field 'RememberLoginToken' removed, replaced with 'RememberLoginHashes' has_many relationship
* Removed `UpgradeSiteTreePermissionSchemaTask`
* Removed `EncryptAllPasswordsTask`
* Removed `DBString::LimitWordCountXML()` method. Use `LimitWordCount` for XML safe version.
 
### <a name="overview-filesystem"></a>Filesystem API

#### <a name="overview-filesystem-api"></a>Filesystem API Additions / Changes

* Image manipulations have been moved into a new `[api:ImageManipulation]` trait.
* `CMSFileAddController` removed.
* `UploadField::setAllowedFileCategories('image')` now excludes non-resizeable images. 'unresizeable_image' is
  can be used to validate these types.
* `Image_Backend` API now loads and saves from `AssetContainer` instances rather than local files.
* The following File categories have been renamed: 'zip' to 'archive', 'doc' to 'document', and 'mov' to 'video'
* `File::updateLinks` no longer takes urls as parameters. All file links are now identified either by
  the `DataObject::ID` in a `data-fileid` property, or via shortcodes. This is necessary because file
  urls are no longer able to identify assets.
* Extension point `HtmlEditorField::processImage` has been removed, and moved to `Image::regenerateImageHTML`
* `Upload::load` now stores assets directly without saving into a `File` dataobject.
* Protected file storage is now a core Framework API. See [/developer_guides/files/file_security] for
  more information.
* `File` is now versioned, and should be published before they can be used on the frontend.
  See section on [Migrating File DataObject from 3.x to 4.0](#migrating-file-dataobject-from-3x-to-40)
  below for upgrade notes.
* New filesystem abstraction including new `DBFile` database field to hold file references.
* `ShortcodeHandler` interface to help generate standard handlers for HTML shortcodes in the editor.
* `AssetNameGenerator` interface, including a `DefaultAssetNameGenerator` implementation, which is used to generate
  renaming suggestions based on an original given filename in order to resolve file duplication issues.
* `GeneratedAssetHandler` API now used to store and manage generated files (such as those used for error page
  cache or combined files).
* `Requirements_Minifier` API can be used to declare any new mechanism for minifying combined required files.
  By default this api is provided by the `JSMinifier` class, but user code can substitute their own.
* `AssetField` formfield to provide an `UploadField` style uploader for the new `DBFile` database field.
* `AssetControlExtension` is applied by default to all DataObjects, in order to support the management
  of linked assets and file protection.
* `ProtectedFileController` class is used to serve up protected assets.

#### <a name="overview-filesystem-removed"></a>Filesystem removed API

The following image manipulations previously deprecated has been removed:

* `Image::SetRatioSize` superceded by `Fit`
* `Image::SetWidth` superceded by `ScaleWidth`
* `Image::SetHeight` superceded by `ScaleHeight`
* `Image::SetSize` superceded by `Pad`
* `Image::PaddedImage` superceded by `Pad`
* `Image::CroppedImage` superceded by `Fill`
* `Image::AssetLibraryPreview` superceded by `PreviewThumbnail`
* `Image::AssetLibraryThumbnail` superceded by `CMSThumbnail`

The following `File` methods have been removed. Since there is no longer any assumed local path for any file,
methods which dealt with such paths may no longer be relied on.

* `File::deletedatabaseOnly`
* `File::link_shortcode_handler` renamed to `handle_shortcode`
* `File::setParentID`
* `File::getFullPath`
* `File::getRelativePath`
* `File::Content` database field is removed

Image manipulations have been moved out of Image.php and now available to any File or DBFile which has the
appropriate mime types. The following file manipulations classes and methods have been removed:

* `Image_Cached` class
* `Image::regenerateFormattedImages` method
* `Image::getGeneratedImages` method
* `Image::deleteFormattedImages` method
* `AssetAdmin::deleteunusedthumbnails` method
* `AssetAdmin::getUnusedThumbnails` method

Many `Folder` api have also been removed:

* `Folder_UnusedAssetsField` class
* `Folder::syncChildren` method
* `Folder::constructChild` method
* `Folder::addUploadToFolder` method

The following filesystem synchronisation methods and tasks are also removed

* `RegenerateCachedImagesTask` class
* `CleanImageManipulationCache` class
* `Filesystem::sync` method
* `AssetAdmin::doSync` method

### <a name="overview-template"></a>Template and Form API

#### <a name="overview-template-api"></a>Template and Form API Additions / Changes

* Upgrade of TinyMCE to version 4.
* Templates now use a standard template lookup system via `SSViewer::get_templates_by_class`
  which builds a candidate list for a given class. Actual resolution of existing templates
  for any list of candidates is actually performed by `SSViewer::chooseTemplate`
* `HtmlEditorConfig` is now an abstract class, with a default implementation `TinyMCEConfig` for the built in
  TinyMCE editor.
* `HtmlEditorField::setEditorConfig` may now take an instance of a `HtmlEditorConfig` class, as well as a
  standard config identifier name.
* `HeaderField` requires a `$name` constructor argument (`new HeaderField('MyName', 'My Title')`
* `default_cast` is now enforced on all template variables. See upgrading notes below.
* FormField templates no longer look in the 'forms' folder for templates. As all form fields are
  now namespaced, the path for these templates will now match the namespace of the given class instead.
* `$module` parameter in `themedCSS` and `themedJavascript` removed.
* Theme selector has been removed from SiteConfig. Please use `SSViewer.themes` config instead.
* `FormAction::setValidationExempt` can be used to turn on or off form validation for individual actions
* GridField edit form now has improved support for versioned DataObjects, with basic publishing
  actions available when editing records.
* `PopoverField` added to provide popup-menu behaviour in react forms (currently not available for
  non-react forms).
  
The following methods and properties on `Requirements_Backend` have been renamed:

* `Requirements_Backund::$combine_files` made protected and renamed `$combinedFiles`
* `Requirements_Backend::$combine_js_with_min` made protected and renamed `$minifyCombinedFiles`
* `Requirements_Backend::$write_header_comments` made protected and renamed `$writeHeaderComment`
* `Requirements_Backend::$write_js_to_body` made protected and renamed to `$writeJavascriptToBody`
* `Requirements_Backend::$force_js_to_bottom` renamed to `$forceJSToBottom`
* `get_combined_files_enabled` renamed to `getCombinedFilesEnabled`
* `set_combined_files_enabled` renamed to `setCombinedFilesEnabled`
* `get_suffix_requirements` renamed to `getSuffixRequirements`
* `set_suffix_requirements` renamed to `setSuffixRequirements`
* `get_custom_scripts` renamed to `getCustomScripts`
* `unblock_all` renamed to `unblockAll`
* `include_in_response` renamed to `includeInResponse`
* `combine_files` renamed to `combineFiles`
* `get_combine_files` renamed to `getCombinedFiles`
* `clear_combined_files` renamed to `clearCombinedFiles`
* `process_combined_files` renamed to `processCombinedFiles`
* `set_write_js_to_body` renamed to `setWriteJavascriptToBody`
* `set_force_js_to_bottom` renamed to `setForceJSToBottom`

New methods on `Requirements` are added to access these:

* `get_minify_combined_js_files`
* `set_minify_combined_js_files`
* `get_force_js_to_bottom`
* `get_write_js_to_body`
 
Some methods on `Requirements` have had their method signatures changed:

* `includeInHTML` has had the first parameter $template removed as it was previously deprecated.

A new config `Requirements_Backend.combine_in_dev` has been added in order to allow combined files to be
forced on during development. If this is off, combined files is only enabled in live environments.

#### <a name="overview-template-removed"></a>Template and Form Removed API

* Removed `TabularStyle`
* Removed `NestedForm`
* Removed `FieldList` methods:
  * `getTabPathRewrites`
  * `setTabPathRewrites`
  * `rewriteTabPath`
* Removed `Form` methods:
  * `transformTo`
  * `callfieldmethod`
  * `single_field_required`
  * `current_action`
  * `set_current_action`
* Removed `ReportAdminForm.ss` template
* `FormField::dontEscape()` has been removed. Escaping is now managed on a class by class basis.
* Removed `PermissionCheckboxSetField::getAssignedPermissionCodes()` (never implemented)
* `Requirements::delete_combined_files()` and `Requirements::delete_combined_files()` methods have been removed
 as they are obsolete.