silverstripe-framework/control/Director.php

<?php
/**
 * Director is responsible for processing URLs, and providing environment information.
 * 
 * The most important part of director is {@link Director::direct()}, which is passed a URL and will execute the
 * appropriate controller.
 * 
 * Director also has a number of static methods that provide information about the environment, such as
 * {@link Director::$environment_type}.
 *
 * @package framework
 * @subpackage control
 * @see Director::direct()
 * @see Director::$rules
 * @see Director::$environment_type
 */
class Director implements TemplateGlobalProvider {
	
	static private $urlParams;

	static private $rules = array();
	
	/**
	 * @var SiteTree
	 */
	private static $current_page;
		
	/**
	 * @config
	 * @var string
	 */
	private static $alternate_base_folder;

	/**
	 * @config
	 * @var array
	 */
	private static $dev_servers = array();
	
	/**
	 * @config
	 * @var array
	 */
	private static $test_servers = array();
	
	/**
	 * @config
	 * @var string
	 */
	private static $alternate_base_url;
	
	/**
	 * @config
	 * @var string
	 */
	private static $environment_type;

	/**
	 * Add URL matching rules to the Director.
	 * 
	 * The director is responsible for turning URLs into Controller objects.
	 *
	 * @deprecated 3.2 Use the "Director.rules" config setting instead
	 * @param $priority The priority of the rules; higher values will get your rule checked first.  We recommend
	 *                  priority 100 for your site's rules.  The built-in rules are priority 10, standard modules are
	 *                  priority 50.
	 */
	public static function addRules($priority, $rules) {
		if ($priority != 100) {
			Deprecation::notice('3.0', 'Priority argument is now ignored - use the default of 100. You should really'
				. ' be setting routes via _config yaml fragments though.', Deprecation::SCOPE_GLOBAL);
		}
		Deprecation::notice('3.2', 'Use the "Director.rules" config setting instead');

		Config::inst()->update('Director', 'rules', $rules);
	}

	/**
	 * Process the given URL, creating the appropriate controller and executing it.
	 * 
	 * Request processing is handled as follows:
	 *  - Director::direct() creates a new SS_HTTPResponse object and passes this to Director::handleRequest().
	 *  - Director::handleRequest($request) checks each of the Director rules and identifies a controller to handle
	 *    this request.
	 *  - Controller::handleRequest($request) is then called.  This will find a rule to handle the URL, and call the
	 *    rule handling method.
	 *  - RequestHandler::handleRequest($request) is recursively called whenever a rule handling method returns a
	 *    RequestHandler object.
	 *
	 * In addition to request processing, Director will manage the session, and perform the output of the actual
	 * response to the browser.
	 * 
	 * @param $url String, the URL the user is visiting, without the querystring.
	 * @uses handleRequest() rule-lookup logic is handled by this.
	 * @uses Controller::run() Controller::run() handles the page logic for a Director::direct() call.
	 */
	public static function direct($url, DataModel $model) {
		// Validate $_FILES array before merging it with $_POST
		foreach($_FILES as $k => $v) {
			if(is_array($v['tmp_name'])) {
				$v = ArrayLib::array_values_recursive($v['tmp_name']);
				foreach($v as $tmpFile) {
					if($tmpFile && !is_uploaded_file($tmpFile)) {
						user_error("File upload '$k' doesn't appear to be a valid upload", E_USER_ERROR);
					}
				}
			} else {
				if($v['tmp_name'] && !is_uploaded_file($v['tmp_name'])) {
					user_error("File upload '$k' doesn't appear to be a valid upload", E_USER_ERROR);
				}
			}
		}
		
		$req = new SS_HTTPRequest(
			(isset($_SERVER['X-HTTP-Method-Override']))
				? $_SERVER['X-HTTP-Method-Override'] 
				: $_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'],
			$url, 
			$_GET, 
			ArrayLib::array_merge_recursive((array)$_POST, (array)$_FILES),
			@file_get_contents('php://input')
		);

		$headers = self::extract_request_headers($_SERVER);
		foreach ($headers as $header => $value) {
			$req->addHeader($header, $value);
		}

		// Only resume a session if its not started already, and a session identifier exists
		if(!isset($_SESSION) && Session::request_contains_session_id()) {
			Session::start();
		}
		// Initiate an empty session - doesn't initialize an actual PHP session until saved (see belwo)
		$session = new Session(isset($_SESSION) ? $_SESSION : null);

		$output = Injector::inst()->get('RequestProcessor')->preRequest($req, $session, $model);
		
		if ($output === false) {
			// @TODO Need to NOT proceed with the request in an elegant manner
			throw new SS_HTTPResponse_Exception(_t('Director.INVALID_REQUEST', 'Invalid request'), 400);
		}

		$result = Director::handleRequest($req, $session, $model);

		// Save session data (and start/resume it if required)
		$session->inst_save();

		// Return code for a redirection request
		if(is_string($result) && substr($result,0,9) == 'redirect:') {
			$url = substr($result, 9);

			if(Director::is_cli()) {
				// on cli, follow SilverStripe redirects automatically
				return Director::direct(
					str_replace(Director::absoluteBaseURL(), '', $url), 
					DataModel::inst()
				);
			} else {
				$response = new SS_HTTPResponse();
				$response->redirect($url);
				$res = Injector::inst()->get('RequestProcessor')->postRequest($req, $response, $model);

				if ($res !== false) {
					$response->output();
				}
			}
		// Handle a controller
		} else if($result) {
			if($result instanceof SS_HTTPResponse) {
				$response = $result;
				
			} else {
				$response = new SS_HTTPResponse();
				$response->setBody($result);
			}
			
			$res = Injector::inst()->get('RequestProcessor')->postRequest($req, $response, $model);
			if ($res !== false) {
				$response->output();
			} else {
				// @TODO Proper response here.
				throw new SS_HTTPResponse_Exception("Invalid response");
			}
			

			//$controllerObj->getSession()->inst_save();
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * Test a URL request, returning a response object.
	 * 
	 * This method is the counterpart of Director::direct() that is used in functional testing.  It will execute the
	 * URL given, and return the result as an SS_HTTPResponse object.
	 * 
	 * @param string $url The URL to visit
	 * @param array $postVars The $_POST & $_FILES variables
	 * @param Session $session The {@link Session} object representing the current session.  By passing the same
	 *                         object to multiple  calls of Director::test(), you can simulate a persisted session.
	 * @param string $httpMethod The HTTP method, such as GET or POST.  It will default to POST if postVars is set,
	 *                           GET otherwise. Overwritten by $postVars['_method'] if present.
	 * @param string $body The HTTP body
	 * @param array $headers HTTP headers with key-value pairs
	 * @param array $cookies to populate $_COOKIE
	 * @param HTTP_Request $request The {@see HTTP_Request} object generated as a part of this request
	 * @return SS_HTTPResponse
	 * 
	 * @uses getControllerForURL() The rule-lookup logic is handled by this.
	 * @uses Controller::run() Controller::run() handles the page logic for a Director::direct() call.
	 */
	public static function test($url, $postVars = null, $session = null, $httpMethod = null, $body = null,
			$headers = null, $cookies = null, &$request = null) {

		Config::nest();

		// These are needed so that calling Director::test() doesnt muck with whoever is calling it.
		// Really, it's some inappropriate coupling and should be resolved by making less use of statics
		$oldStage = Versioned::current_stage();
		$getVars = array();
		
		if(!$httpMethod) $httpMethod = ($postVars || is_array($postVars)) ? "POST" : "GET";
		
		if(!$session) $session = new Session(null);

		// Back up the current values of the superglobals
		$existingRequestVars = isset($_REQUEST) ? $_REQUEST : array();
		$existingGetVars = isset($_GET) ? $_GET : array(); 
		$existingPostVars = isset($_POST) ? $_POST : array();
		$existingSessionVars = isset($_SESSION) ? $_SESSION : array();
		$existingCookies = isset($_COOKIE) ? $_COOKIE : array();
		$existingServer	= isset($_SERVER) ? $_SERVER : array();
		
		$existingRequirementsBackend = Requirements::backend();

		Config::inst()->update('Cookie', 'report_errors', false);
		Requirements::set_backend(new Requirements_Backend());

		// Handle absolute URLs
		if (@parse_url($url, PHP_URL_HOST) != '') {
			$bits = parse_url($url);
			$_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'] = $bits['host'];
			$url = Director::makeRelative($url);
		}

		$urlWithQuerystring = $url;
		if(strpos($url, '?') !== false) {
			list($url, $getVarsEncoded) = explode('?', $url, 2);
			parse_str($getVarsEncoded, $getVars);
		}
		
		// Replace the superglobals with appropriate test values
		$_REQUEST = ArrayLib::array_merge_recursive((array)$getVars, (array)$postVars); 
		$_GET = (array)$getVars; 
		$_POST = (array)$postVars; 
		$_SESSION = $session ? $session->inst_getAll() : array();
		$_COOKIE = (array) $cookies;
		$_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'] = Director::baseURL() . $urlWithQuerystring;

		$request = new SS_HTTPRequest($httpMethod, $url, $getVars, $postVars, $body);
		if($headers) foreach($headers as $k => $v) $request->addHeader($k, $v);
		// TODO: Pass in the DataModel
		$result = Director::handleRequest($request, $session, DataModel::inst());

		// Ensure that the result is an SS_HTTPResponse object
		if(is_string($result)) {
			if(substr($result,0,9) == 'redirect:') {
				$response = new SS_HTTPResponse();
				$response->redirect(substr($result, 9));
				$result = $response;
			} else {
				$result = new SS_HTTPResponse($result);
			}
		}
		
		// Restore the superglobals
		$_REQUEST = $existingRequestVars; 
		$_GET = $existingGetVars; 
		$_POST = $existingPostVars; 
		$_SESSION = $existingSessionVars;   
		$_COOKIE = $existingCookies;
		$_SERVER = $existingServer;

		Requirements::set_backend($existingRequirementsBackend);

		// These are needed so that calling Director::test() doesnt muck with whoever is calling it.
		// Really, it's some inappropriate coupling and should be resolved by making less use of statics
		Versioned::reading_stage($oldStage);

		Config::unnest();
		
		return $result;
	}
		
	/**
	 * Handle an HTTP request, defined with a SS_HTTPRequest object.
	 *
	 * @return SS_HTTPResponse|string
	 */
	protected static function handleRequest(SS_HTTPRequest $request, Session $session, DataModel $model) {
		$rules = Config::inst()->get('Director', 'rules');

		if(isset($_REQUEST['debug'])) Debug::show($rules);

		foreach($rules as $pattern => $controllerOptions) {
			if(is_string($controllerOptions)) {
				if(substr($controllerOptions,0,2) == '->') {
					$controllerOptions = array('Redirect' => substr($controllerOptions,2));
				} else {
					$controllerOptions = array('Controller' => $controllerOptions);
				}
			}

			if(($arguments = $request->match($pattern, true)) !== false) {
				$request->setRouteParams($controllerOptions);
				// controllerOptions provide some default arguments
				$arguments = array_merge($controllerOptions, $arguments);

				// Find the controller name
				if(isset($arguments['Controller'])) $controller = $arguments['Controller'];

				// Pop additional tokens from the tokeniser if necessary
				if(isset($controllerOptions['_PopTokeniser'])) {
					$request->shift($controllerOptions['_PopTokeniser']);
				}

				// Handle redirections
				if(isset($arguments['Redirect'])) {
					return "redirect:" . Director::absoluteURL($arguments['Redirect'], true);

				} else {
					Director::$urlParams = $arguments;
					$controllerObj = Injector::inst()->create($controller);
					$controllerObj->setSession($session);

					try {
						$result = $controllerObj->handleRequest($request, $model);
					} catch(SS_HTTPResponse_Exception $responseException) {
						$result = $responseException->getResponse();
					}
					if(!is_object($result) || $result instanceof SS_HTTPResponse) return $result;

					user_error("Bad result from url " . $request->getURL() . " handled by " .
						get_class($controllerObj)." controller: ".get_class($result), E_USER_WARNING);
				}
			}
		}

		// No URL rules matched, so return a 404 error.
		return new SS_HTTPResponse('No URL rule was matched', 404);
	}
	
	/**
	 * Set url parameters (should only be called internally by RequestHandler->handleRequest()).
	 * 
	 * @param $params array
	 */
	public static function setUrlParams($params) {
		Director::$urlParams = $params;
	}
	
	/**
	 * Return the {@link SiteTree} object that is currently being viewed. If there is no SiteTree object to return,
	 * then this will return the current controller.
	 *
	 * @return SiteTree
	 */
	public static function get_current_page() {
		return self::$current_page ? self::$current_page : Controller::curr();
	}
	
	/**
	 * Set the currently active {@link SiteTree} object that is being used to respond to the request.
	 *
	 * @param SiteTree $page
	 */
	public static function set_current_page($page) {
		self::$current_page = $page;
	}

	/**
	 * Turns the given URL into an absolute URL.
	 * @todo Document how relativeToSiteBase works
	 */
	public static function absoluteURL($url, $relativeToSiteBase = false) {
		if(!isset($_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'])) return false;
		
		if(strpos($url,'/') === false && !$relativeToSiteBase) {
			$url = dirname($_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'] . 'x') . '/' . $url;
		}

		if(substr($url,0,4) != "http") {
			if($url[0] != "/") $url = Director::baseURL()  . $url;
			// Sometimes baseURL() can return a full URL instead of just a path
			if(substr($url,0,4) != "http") $url = self::protocolAndHost() . $url;
		}

		return $url;
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the part of the URL, 'http://www.mysite.com'.
	 * 
	 * @return boolean|string The domain from the PHP environment. Returns FALSE is this environment variable isn't
	 *                        set.
	 */
	public static function protocolAndHost() {
		$alternate = Config::inst()->get('Director', 'alternate_base_url');
		if($alternate) {
			if(preg_match('/^(http[^:]*:\/\/[^\/]+)(\/|$)/', $alternate, $matches)) {
				return $matches[1];
			}
		}

		if(isset($_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'])) {
			return Director::protocol() . $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'];
		} else {
			global $_FILE_TO_URL_MAPPING;
			if(Director::is_cli() && isset($_FILE_TO_URL_MAPPING)) $errorSuggestion = '  You probably want to define '.
				'an entry in $_FILE_TO_URL_MAPPING that covers "' . Director::baseFolder() . '"';
			else if(Director::is_cli()) $errorSuggestion = '  You probably want to define $_FILE_TO_URL_MAPPING in '.
				'your _ss_environment.php as instructed on the "sake" page of the doc.silverstripe.com wiki';
			else $errorSuggestion = "";
			
			user_error("Director::protocolAndHost() lacks sufficient information - HTTP_HOST not set."
				. $errorSuggestion, E_USER_WARNING);
			return false;
			
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Return the current protocol that the site is running under.
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function protocol() {
		return (self::is_https()) ? 'https://' : 'http://';
	}

	/**
	 * Return whether the site is running as under HTTPS.
	 *
	 * @return boolean
	 */
	public static function is_https() {
		if(isset($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTOCOL'])) { 
			if(strtolower($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTOCOL']) == 'https') {
				return true;
			}
		}

		if((!empty($_SERVER['HTTPS']) && $_SERVER['HTTPS'] != 'off')) {
			return true;
		}
		else if(isset($_SERVER['SSL'])) {
			return true;
		}

		return false;
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the root URL for the site.
	 *
	 * It will be automatically calculated unless it is overridden with 
	 * {@link setBaseURL()}.
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function baseURL() {
		$alternate = Config::inst()->get('Director', 'alternate_base_url');

		if($alternate) {
			return $alternate;
		} else {
			$base = BASE_URL;
			
			if($base == '/' || $base == '/.' || $base == '\\') {
				$baseURL = '/';
			} else {
				$baseURL = $base . '/';
			}
			
			if(defined('BASE_SCRIPT_URL')) {
				return $baseURL . BASE_SCRIPT_URL;
			}

			return $baseURL;
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * Sets the root URL for the website.
	 * If the site isn't accessible from the URL you provide, weird things will happen.
	 *
	 * @deprecated 3.2 Use the "Director.alternate_base_url" config setting instead
	 */
	public static function setBaseURL($baseURL) {
		Deprecation::notice('3.2', 'Use the "Director.alternate_base_url" config setting instead');
		Config::inst()->update('Director', 'alternate_base_url', $baseURL);
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the root filesystem folder for the site.
	 * It will be automatically calculated unless it is overridden with {@link setBaseFolder()}.
	 */
	public static function baseFolder() {
		$alternate = Config::inst()->get('Director', 'alternate_base_folder');
		return ($alternate) ? $alternate : BASE_PATH;
	}

	/**
	 * Sets the root folder for the website.
	 * If the site isn't accessible from the folder you provide, weird things will happen.
	 *
	 * @deprecated 3.2 Use the "Director.alternate_base_folder" config setting instead
	 */
	public static function setBaseFolder($baseFolder) {
		Deprecation::notice('3.2', 'Use the "Director.alternate_base_folder" config setting instead');
		Config::inst()->update('Director', 'alternate_base_folder', $baseFolder);
	}

	/**
	 * Turns an absolute URL or folder into one that's relative to the root of 
	 * the site. This is useful when turning a URL into a filesystem reference, 
	 * or vice versa.
	 * 
	 * @param string $url Accepts both a URL or a filesystem path
	 * @return string Either a relative URL if the checks succeeded, or the 
	 * original (possibly absolute) URL.
	 */
	public static function makeRelative($url) {
		// Allow for the accidental inclusion whitespace and // in the URL
		$url = trim(preg_replace('#([^:])//#', '\\1/', $url));

			$base1 = self::absoluteBaseURL();
		$baseDomain = substr($base1, strlen(self::protocol()));

		// Only bother comparing the URL to the absolute version if $url looks like a URL.
		if(preg_match('/^https?[^:]*:\/\//',$url,$matches)) {
			$urlProtocol = $matches[0];
			$urlWithoutProtocol = substr($url, strlen($urlProtocol));

			// If we are already looking at baseURL, return '' (substr will return false)
			if($url == $base1) {
				return '';
			}
			else if(substr($url,0,strlen($base1)) == $base1) {
				return substr($url,strlen($base1));
			}
			else if(substr($base1,-1)=="/" && $url == substr($base1,0,-1)) {
			// Convert http://www.mydomain.com/mysitedir to ''
				return "";
		}
		
			if(substr($urlWithoutProtocol,0,strlen($baseDomain)) == $baseDomain) {
				return substr($urlWithoutProtocol,strlen($baseDomain));
			}
		}
		
		// test for base folder, e.g. /var/www
		$base2 = self::baseFolder();
		if(substr($url,0,strlen($base2)) == $base2) return substr($url,strlen($base2));

		// Test for relative base url, e.g. mywebsite/ if the full URL is http://localhost/mywebsite/
		$base3 = self::baseURL();
		if(substr($url,0,strlen($base3)) == $base3) {
			return substr($url,strlen($base3));
		}
		
		// Test for relative base url, e.g mywebsite/ if the full url is localhost/myswebsite
		if(substr($url,0,strlen($baseDomain)) == $baseDomain) {
			return substr($url, strlen($baseDomain));
		}

		// Nothing matched, fall back to returning the original URL
		return $url;
	}
	
	/**
	 * Returns true if a given path is absolute. Works under both *nix and windows
	 * systems
	 *
	 * @param string $path
	 * @return bool
	 */
	public static function is_absolute($path) {
		if($path[0] == '/' || $path[0] == '\\') return true;
		return preg_match('/^[a-zA-Z]:[\\\\\/]/', $path) == 1;
	}
	
	/**
	 * Checks if a given URL is absolute (e.g. starts with 'http://' etc.).
	 * URLs beginning with "//" are treated as absolute, as browsers take this to mean
	 * the same protocol as currently being used. 
	 * 
	 * Useful to check before redirecting based on a URL from user submissions
	 * through $_GET or $_POST, and avoid phishing attacks by redirecting
	 * to an attackers server.
	 * 
	 * Note: Can't solely rely on PHP's parse_url() , since it is not intended to work with relative URLs
	 * or for security purposes. filter_var($url, FILTER_VALIDATE_URL) has similar problems.
	 * 
	 * @param string $url
	 * @return boolean
	 */
	public static function is_absolute_url($url) {
		// Strip off the query and fragment parts of the URL before checking
		if(($queryPosition = strpos($url, '?')) !== false) {
			$url = substr($url, 0, $queryPosition-1);
		}
		if(($hashPosition = strpos($url, '#')) !== false) {
			$url = substr($url, 0, $hashPosition-1);
		}
		$colonPosition = strpos($url, ':');
		$slashPosition = strpos($url, '/');
		return (
			// Base check for existence of a host on a compliant URL
			parse_url($url, PHP_URL_HOST)
			// Check for more than one leading slash without a protocol.
				// While not a RFC compliant absolute URL, it is completed to a valid URL by some browsers,
				// and hence a potential security risk. Single leading slashes are not an issue though.
			|| preg_match('%^\s*/{2,}%', $url)
			|| (
				// If a colon is found, check if it's part of a valid scheme definition
				// (meaning its not preceded by a slash).
				$colonPosition !== FALSE 
				&& ($slashPosition === FALSE || $colonPosition < $slashPosition)
			)
		);
	}
	
	/**
	 * Checks if a given URL is relative by checking {@link is_absolute_url()}.
	 * 
	 * @param string $url
	 * @return boolean
	 */
	public static function is_relative_url($url) {
		return (!Director::is_absolute_url($url));
	}
	
	/**
	 * Checks if the given URL is belonging to this "site" (not an external link).
	 * That's the case if the URL is relative, as defined by {@link is_relative_url()},
	 * or if the host matches {@link protocolAndHost()}.
	 * 
	 * Useful to check before redirecting based on a URL from user submissions
	 * through $_GET or $_POST, and avoid phishing attacks by redirecting
	 * to an attackers server.
	 * 
	 * @param string $url
	 * @return boolean
	 */
	public static function is_site_url($url) {
		$urlHost = parse_url($url, PHP_URL_HOST);
		$actualHost = parse_url(self::protocolAndHost(), PHP_URL_HOST);
		if($urlHost && $actualHost && $urlHost == $actualHost) {
			return true;
		} else {
			return self::is_relative_url($url);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Takes a $_SERVER data array and extracts HTTP request headers.
	 *
	 * @param  array $data
	 * @return array
	 */
	public static function extract_request_headers(array $server) {
		$headers = array();
	
		foreach($server as $key => $value) {
			if(substr($key, 0, 5) == 'HTTP_') {
				$key = substr($key, 5);
				$key = strtolower(str_replace('_', ' ', $key));
				$key = str_replace(' ', '-', ucwords($key));
				$headers[$key] = $value;
			}
		}
	
		if(isset($server['CONTENT_TYPE'])) $headers['Content-Type'] = $server['CONTENT_TYPE'];
		if(isset($server['CONTENT_LENGTH'])) $headers['Content-Length'] = $server['CONTENT_LENGTH'];
	
		return $headers;
	}

	/**
	 * Given a filesystem reference relative to the site root, return the full file-system path.
	 * 
	 * @param string $file
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function getAbsFile($file) {
		return self::is_absolute($file) ? $file : Director::baseFolder() . '/' . $file;
	}
	
	/**
	 * Returns true if the given file exists.
	 * @param $file Filename specified relative to the site root
	 */
	public static function fileExists($file) {
		// replace any appended query-strings, e.g. /path/to/foo.php?bar=1 to /path/to/foo.php
		$file = preg_replace('/([^\?]*)?.*/','$1',$file);
		return file_exists(Director::getAbsFile($file));
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the Absolute URL of the site root.
	 */
	public static function absoluteBaseURL() {
		return Director::absoluteURL(Director::baseURL());
	}
	
	/**
	 * Returns the Absolute URL of the site root, embedding the current basic-auth credentials into the URL.
	 */
	public static function absoluteBaseURLWithAuth() {
		$s = "";
		$login = "";
		
		if(isset($_SERVER['PHP_AUTH_USER'])) $login = "$_SERVER[PHP_AUTH_USER]:$_SERVER[PHP_AUTH_PW]@";

		return Director::protocol() . $login .  $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'] . Director::baseURL();
	}

	/**
	 * Skip any further processing and immediately respond with a redirect to the passed URL.
	 *
	 * @param string $destURL - The URL to redirect to
	 */
	protected static function force_redirect($destURL) {
		$response = new SS_HTTPResponse(
			"<h1>Your browser is not accepting header redirects</h1>".
			"<p>Please <a href=\"$destURL\">click here</a>",
			301
		);

		HTTP::add_cache_headers($response);
		$response->addHeader('Location', $destURL);

		// TODO: Use an exception - ATM we can be called from _config.php, before Director#handleRequest's try block
		$response->output();
		die;
	}

	/**
	 * Force the site to run on SSL.
	 * 
	 * To use, call from _config.php. For example:
	 * <code>
	 * if(Director::isLive()) Director::forceSSL();
	 * </code>
	 * 
	 * If you don't want your entire site to be on SSL, you can pass an array of PCRE regular expression
	 * patterns for matching relative URLs. For example:
	 * <code>
	 * if(Director::isLive()) Director::forceSSL(array('/^admin/', '/^Security/'));
	 * </code>
	 * 
	 * If you want certain parts of your site protected under a different domain, you can specify
	 * the domain as an argument:
	 * <code>
	 * if(Director::isLive()) Director::forceSSL(array('/^admin/', '/^Security/'), 'secure.mysite.com');
	 * </code>
	 *
	 * Note that the session data will be lost when moving from HTTP to HTTPS.
	 * It is your responsibility to ensure that this won't cause usability problems.
	 * 
	 * CAUTION: This does not respect the site environment mode. You should check this
	 * as per the above examples using Director::isLive() or Director::isTest() for example.
	 * 
	 * @param array $patterns Array of regex patterns to match URLs that should be HTTPS
	 * @param string $secureDomain Secure domain to redirect to. Defaults to the current domain
	 * @return boolean|string String of URL when unit tests running, boolean FALSE if patterns don't match request URI
	 */
	public static function forceSSL($patterns = null, $secureDomain = null) {
		if(!isset($_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'])) return false;
		
		$matched = false;

		if($patterns) {
			// Calling from the command-line?
			if(!isset($_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'])) return;

			$relativeURL = self::makeRelative(Director::absoluteURL($_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']));

			// protect portions of the site based on the pattern
			foreach($patterns as $pattern) {
				if(preg_match($pattern, $relativeURL)) {
					$matched = true;
					break;
				}
			}
		} else {
			// protect the entire site
			$matched = true;
		}

		if($matched && !self::is_https()) {

			// if an domain is specified, redirect to that instead of the current domain
			if($secureDomain) {
				$url = 'https://' . $secureDomain . $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'];
			} else {
				$url = $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'];
			}

			$destURL = str_replace('http:', 'https:', Director::absoluteURL($url));

			// This coupling to SapphireTest is necessary to test the destination URL and to not interfere with tests
			if(class_exists('SapphireTest', false) && SapphireTest::is_running_test()) {
				return $destURL;
			} else {
				self::force_redirect($destURL);
			}
		} else {
			return false;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Force a redirect to a domain starting with "www."
	 */
	public static function forceWWW() {
		if(!Director::isDev() && !Director::isTest() && strpos($_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'], 'www') !== 0) {
			$destURL = str_replace(Director::protocol(), Director::protocol() . 'www.', 
				Director::absoluteURL($_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']));

			self::force_redirect($destURL);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Checks if the current HTTP-Request is an "Ajax-Request"
	 * by checking for a custom header set by jQuery or
	 * wether a manually set request-parameter 'ajax' is present.
	 *
	 * @return boolean
	 */
	public static function is_ajax() {
		if(Controller::has_curr()) {
			return Controller::curr()->getRequest()->isAjax();
		} else {
			return (
				isset($_REQUEST['ajax']) ||
				(isset($_SERVER['HTTP_X_REQUESTED_WITH']) && $_SERVER['HTTP_X_REQUESTED_WITH'] == "XMLHttpRequest")
			);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * Returns true if this script is being run from the command line rather than the webserver.
	 * 
	 * @return boolean
	 */
	public static function is_cli() {
		return (php_sapi_name() == "cli");
	}

	////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
	// Environment type methods
	////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

	/**
	 * Set the environment type of the current site.
	 *
	 * Typically, a SilverStripe site have a number of environments: 
	 *  - development environments, such a copy on your local machine.
	 *  - test sites, such as the one you show the client before going live.
	 *  - the live site itself.
	 * 
	 * The behaviour of these environments often varies slightly.  For example, development sites may have errors
	 * dumped to the screen, and order confirmation emails might be sent to the developer instead of the client.
	 * 
	 * To help with this, SilverStripe supports the notion of an environment type.  The environment type can be dev,
	 * test, or live.
	 * 
	 * You can set it explicitly with Director::set_environment_tpye().  Or you can use 
	 * {@link Director::$dev_servers} and {@link Director::$test_servers} to set it implicitly, based on the
	 * value of $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'].  If the HTTP_HOST value is one of the servers listed, then the environment type
	 * will be test or dev.  Otherwise, the environment type will be live.
	 *
	 * Dev mode can also be forced by putting ?isDev=1 in your URL, which will ask you to log in and then push the
	 * site into dev mode for the remainder of the session. Putting ?isDev=0 onto the URL can turn it back.
	 * 
	 * Test mode can also be forced by putting ?isTest=1 in your URL, which will ask you to log in and then push the
	 * site into test mode for the remainder of the session. Putting ?isTest=0 onto the URL can turn it back.
	 * 
	 * Generally speaking, these methods will be called from your _config.php file.
	 * 
	 * Once the environment type is set, it can be checked with {@link Director::isDev()}, {@link Director::isTest()},
	 * and {@link Director::isLive()}.
	 *
	 * @deprecated 3.2 Use the "Director.environment_type" config setting instead
	 * @param $et string The environment type: dev, test, or live.
	 */
	public static function set_environment_type($et) {
		if($et != 'dev' && $et != 'test' && $et != 'live') {
			user_error("Director::set_environment_type passed '$et'.  It should be passed dev, test, or live",
				E_USER_WARNING);
		} else {
			Deprecation::notice('3.2', 'Use the "Director.environment_type" config setting instead');
			Config::inst()->update('Director', 'environment_type', $et);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * Can also be checked with {@link Director::isDev()}, {@link Director::isTest()}, and {@link Director::isLive()}.
	 * 
	 * @return string 'dev', 'test' or 'live'
	 */
	public static function get_environment_type() {
		if(Director::isLive()) {
			return 'live';
		} elseif(Director::isTest()) {
			return 'test';
		} elseif(Director::isDev()) {
			return 'dev';
		} else {
			return false;
		}
	}

	/*
	 * This function will return true if the site is in a live environment.
	 * For information about environment types, see {@link Director::$environment_type}.
	 */
	public static function isLive() {
		return !(Director::isDev() || Director::isTest());
	}
	
	/**
	 * This function will return true if the site is in a development environment.
	 * For information about environment types, see {@link Director::$environment_type}.
	 * @param $dontTouchDB		If true, the database checks are not performed, which allows certain DB checks
	 *							to not fail before the DB is ready. If false (default), DB checks are included.
	 */
	public static function isDev($dontTouchDB = false) {
		// This variable is used to supress repetitions of the isDev security message below.
		static $firstTimeCheckingGetVar = true;

		$result = false;

		if(isset($_SESSION['isDev']) && $_SESSION['isDev']) $result = true;
		if(Config::inst()->get('Director', 'environment_type') == 'dev') $result = true;

		// Check if we are running on one of the test servers
		$devServers = (array)Config::inst()->get('Director', 'dev_servers');
		if(isset($_SERVER['HTTP_HOST']) && in_array($_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'], $devServers))  {
			return true;
		}

		// Use ?isDev=1 to get development access on the live server
		if(!$dontTouchDB && !$result && isset($_GET['isDev'])) {
			if(Security::database_is_ready()) {
				if($firstTimeCheckingGetVar && !Permission::check('ADMIN')){
					BasicAuth::requireLogin("SilverStripe developer access. Use your CMS login", "ADMIN");
				}
				$_SESSION['isDev'] = $_GET['isDev'];
				$firstTimeCheckingGetVar = false;
				$result = $_GET['isDev'];
			} else {
				if($firstTimeCheckingGetVar && DB::connection_attempted()) {
					echo "<p style=\"padding: 3px; margin: 3px; background-color: orange; 
						color: white; font-weight: bold\">Sorry, you can't use ?isDev=1 until your
						Member and Group tables database are available.  Perhaps your database
						connection is failing?</p>";
					$firstTimeCheckingGetVar = false;
				}
			}
		}

		return $result;
	}
	
	/**
	 * This function will return true if the site is in a test environment.
	 * For information about environment types, see {@link Director::$environment_type}.
	 */
	public static function isTest() {
		// Use ?isTest=1 to get test access on the live server, or explicitly set your environment
		if(isset($_GET['isTest'])) {
			if(Security::database_is_ready()) {
				BasicAuth::requireLogin("SilverStripe developer access. Use your CMS login", "ADMIN");
				$_SESSION['isTest'] = $_GET['isTest'];
			} else {
				return true;
			}
		}
		if(self::isDev()) return false;
		
		if(Config::inst()->get('Director', 'environment_type')) {
			return Config::inst()->get('Director', 'environment_type') == 'test';
		}
		
		// Check if we are running on one of the test servers
		$testServers = (array)Config::inst()->get('Director', 'test_servers');
		if(isset($_SERVER['HTTP_HOST']) && in_array($_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'], $testServers))  {
			return true;
		}
		
		return false;
	}

	/**
	 * @return array Returns an array of strings of the method names of methods on the call that should be exposed
	 * as global variables in the templates.
	 */
	public static function get_template_global_variables() {
		return array(
			'absoluteBaseURL',
			'baseURL',
			'is_ajax',
			'isAjax' => 'is_ajax',
			'BaseHref' => 'absoluteBaseURL',    //@deprecated 3.0
		);
	}
}