silverstripe-framework/docs/en/topics/testing/create-silverstripe-test.md

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# How To Create a SilverStripe Test
A unit test class will test the behaviour of one of your `[api:DataObjects]`. This simple fragment of `[api:SiteTreeTest]`
provides us the basics of creating unit tests.
:::php
<?php
class SiteTreeTest extends SapphireTest {
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// Define the fixture file to use for this test class
private static $fixture_file = 'SiteTreeTest.yml';
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/**
* Test generation of the URLSegment values.
* - Turns things into lowercase-hyphen-format
* - Generates from Title by default, unless URLSegment is explicitly set
* - Resolves duplicates by appending a number
*/
public function testURLGeneration() {
$expectedURLs = array(
'home' => 'home',
'staff' => 'my-staff',
'about' => 'about-us',
'staffduplicate' => 'my-staff-2',
'product1' => '1-1-test-product',
'product2' => 'another-product',
'product3' => 'another-product-2',
'product4' => 'another-product-3',
);
foreach($expectedURLs as $fixture => $urlSegment) {
$obj = $this->objFromFixture('Page', $fixture);
$this->assertEquals($urlSegment, $obj->URLSegment);
}
}
}
There are a number of points to note in this code fragment:
* Your test is a **subclass of SapphireTest**. Both unit tests and functional tests are a subclass of `[api:SapphireTest]`.
* **static $fixture_file** is defined. The testing framework will automatically set up a new database for **each** of
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your tests. The initial database content will be sourced from the YML file that you list in $fixture_file. The property can take an array of fixture paths.
* Each **method that starts with the word "test"** will be executed by the TestRunner. Define as many as you like; the
database will be rebuilt for each of these.
* **$this->objFromFixture($className, $identifier)** can be used to select one of the objects named in your fixture
file. To identify to the object, we provide a class name and an identifier. The identifier is specified in the YML
file but not saved in the database anywhere. objFromFixture() looks the `[api:DataObject]` up in memory rather than using the
database. This means that you can use it to test the functions responsible for looking up content in the database.
## Assertion commands
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**$this->assertEquals()** is an example of an assertion function.
These functions form the basis of our tests - a test
fails if and only if one or more of the assertions fail.
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See [the PHPUnit manual](http://www.phpunit.de/manual/current/en/api.html#api.assert)
for a listing of all PHPUnit's built-in assertions.
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The `[api:SapphireTest]` class comes with additional assertions which are more
specific to the framework, e.g. `[assertEmailSent](api:SapphireTest->assertEmailSent())`
which can simulate sending emails through the `Email->send()` API without actually
using a mail server (see the [testing emails](email-sending)) guide.
## Fixtures
Often you need to test your functionality with some existing data, so called "fixtures".
These records are inserted on a fresh test database automatically.
[Read more about fixtures](fixtures).