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# Import CSV data
## Introduction
CSV import can be easily achieved through PHP's built-in `fgetcsv()` method,
but this method doesn't know anything about your datamodel. In SilverStripe,
this can be handled through the a specialized CSV importer class that can
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be customised to fit your data.
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## The CsvBulkLoader class
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The [CsvBulkLoader ](api:SilverStripe\Dev\CsvBulkLoader ) class facilitate complex CSV-imports by defining column-mappings and custom converters.
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It uses PHP's built-in `fgetcsv()` function to process CSV input, and accepts a file handle as an input.
Feature overview:
* Custom column mapping
* Auto-detection of CSV-header rows
* Duplicate detection based on custom criteria
* Automatic generation of relations based on one or more columns in the CSV-Data
* Definition of custom import methods (e.g. for date conversion or combining multiple columns)
* Optional deletion of existing records if they're not present in the CSV-file
* Results grouped by "imported", "updated" and "deleted"
## Usage
You can use the CsvBulkLoader without subclassing or other customizations, if the column names
in your CSV file match `$db` properties in your dataobject. E.g. a simple import for the
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[Member ](api:SilverStripe\Security\Member ) class could have this data in a file:
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```
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FirstName,LastName,Email
Donald,Duck,donald@disney.com
Daisy,Duck,daisy@disney.com
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```
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The loader would be triggered through the `load()` method:
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```php
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use SilverStripe\Dev\CsvBulkLoader;
$loader = new CsvBulkLoader('Member');
$result = $loader->load('< my-file-path > ');
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```
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By the way, you can import [Member ](api:SilverStripe\Security\Member ) and [Group ](api:SilverStripe\Security\Group ) data through `http://localhost/admin/security`
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interface out of the box.
## Import through ModelAdmin
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The simplest way to use [CsvBulkLoader ](api:SilverStripe\Dev\CsvBulkLoader ) is through a [ModelAdmin ](api:SilverStripe\Admin\ModelAdmin ) interface - you get an upload form out of the box.
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```php
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use SilverStripe\Admin\ModelAdmin;
class PlayerAdmin extends ModelAdmin
{
private static $managed_models = [
'Player'
];
private static $model_importers = [
'Player' => 'CsvBulkLoader',
];
private static $url_segment = 'players';
}
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```
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The new admin interface will be available under `http://localhost/admin/players` , the import form is located
below the search form on the left.
## Import through a custom controller
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You can have more customised logic and interface feedback through a custom controller.
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Let's create a simple upload form (which is used for `MyDataObject` instances).
You'll need to add a route to your controller to make it accessible via URL
(see [director ](/reference/director )).
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```php
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use SilverStripe\Forms\Form;
use SilverStripe\Forms\FieldList;
use SilverStripe\Forms\FileField;
use SilverStripe\Forms\FormAction;
use SilverStripe\Forms\RequiredFields;
use SilverStripe\Dev\CsvBulkLoader;
use SilverStripe\Control\Controller;
class MyController extends Controller
{
private static $allowed_actions = ['Form'];
protected $template = "BlankPage";
public function Link($action = null)
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{
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return Controller::join_links('MyController', $action);
}
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public function Form()
{
$form = new Form(
$this,
'Form',
new FieldList(
new FileField('CsvFile', false)
),
new FieldList(
new FormAction('doUpload', 'Upload')
),
new RequiredFields()
);
return $form;
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}
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public function doUpload($data, $form)
{
$loader = new CsvBulkLoader('MyDataObject');
$results = $loader->load($_FILES['CsvFile']['tmp_name']);
$messages = [];
if($results->CreatedCount()) $messages[] = sprintf('Imported %d items', $results->CreatedCount());
if($results->UpdatedCount()) $messages[] = sprintf('Updated %d items', $results->UpdatedCount());
if($results->DeletedCount()) $messages[] = sprintf('Deleted %d items', $results->DeletedCount());
if(!$messages) $messages[] = 'No changes';
$form->sessionMessage(implode(', ', $messages), 'good');
return $this->redirectBack();
}
}
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```
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Note: This interface is not secured, consider using [Permission::check() ](api:SilverStripe\Security\Permission::check( )) to limit the controller to users
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with certain access rights.
## Column mapping and relation import
We're going to use our knowledge from the previous example to import a more sophisticated CSV file.
Sample CSV Content
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```
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"Number","Name","Birthday","Team"
11,"John Doe",1982-05-12,"FC Bayern"
12,"Jane Johnson", 1982-05-12,"FC Bayern"
13,"Jimmy Dole",,"Schalke 04"
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```
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Datamodel for Player
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```php
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use SilverStripe\ORM\DataObject;
class Player extends DataObject
{
private static $db = [
'PlayerNumber' => 'Int',
'FirstName' => 'Text',
'LastName' => 'Text',
'Birthday' => 'Date',
];
private static $has_one = [
'Team' => 'FootballTeam'
];
}
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```
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Datamodel for FootballTeam:
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```php
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use SilverStripe\ORM\DataObject;
class FootballTeam extends DataObject
{
private static $db = [
'Title' => 'Text',
];
private static $has_many = [
'Players' => 'Player'
];
}
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```
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Sample implementation of a custom loader. Assumes a CSV-file in a certain format (see below).
* Converts property names
* Splits a combined "Name" fields from the CSV-data into `FirstName` and `Lastname` by a custom importer method
* Avoids duplicate imports by a custom `$duplicateChecks` definition
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* Creates `Team` relations automatically based on the `Gruppe` column in the CSV data
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```php
use SilverStripe\Dev\CsvBulkLoader;
class PlayerCsvBulkLoader extends CsvBulkLoader
{
public $columnMap = [
'Number' => 'PlayerNumber',
'Name' => '->importFirstAndLastName',
'Birthday' => 'Birthday',
'Team' => 'Team.Title',
];
public $duplicateChecks = [
'Number' => 'PlayerNumber'
];
public $relationCallbacks = [
'Team.Title' => [
'relationname' => 'Team',
'callback' => 'getTeamByTitle'
]
];
public static function importFirstAndLastName(& $obj, $val, $record)
{
$parts = explode(' ', $val);
if(count($parts) != 2) return false;
$obj->FirstName = $parts[0];
$obj->LastName = $parts[1];
}
public static function getTeamByTitle(& $obj, $val, $record)
{
return FootballTeam::get()->filter('Title', $val)->First();
}
}
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```
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Building off of the ModelAdmin example up top, use a custom loader instead of the default loader by adding it to `$model_importers` . In this example, `CsvBulkLoader` is replaced with `PlayerCsvBulkLoader` .
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```php
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use SilverStripe\Admin\ModelAdmin;
class PlayerAdmin extends ModelAdmin
{
private static $managed_models = [
'Player'
];
private static $model_importers = [
'Player' => 'PlayerCsvBulkLoader',
];
private static $url_segment = 'players';
}
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```
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## Related
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* [CsvParser ](api:SilverStripe\Dev\CsvParser )
* [ModelAdmin ](api:SilverStripe\Admin\ModelAdmin )