# SilverStripe Integration for Behat [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/silverstripe-labs/silverstripe-behat-extension.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/silverstripe-labs/silverstripe-behat-extension) ## Overview [Behat](http://behat.org) is a testing framework for behaviour-driven development. Because it primarily interacts with your website through a browser, you don't need any specific integration tools to get it going with a basic SilverStripe website, simply follow the [standard Behat usage instructions](http://docs.behat.org/). This extension comes in handy if you want to go beyond interacting with an existing website and database, for example make changes to your database content which would need to be rolled back to a "clean slate" later on. It provides the following helpers: * Provide access to SilverStripe classes in your Behat contexts * Set up a temporary database automatically * Reset the database content on every scenario * Prebuilt Contexts for SilverStripe's login forms and other common tasks * Creating of member fixtures with predefined permissions * YML fixture definitions inside your Behat scenarios * Waiting for jQuery Ajax responses (rather than fixed wait timers) * Captures JavaScript errors and logs them through Selenium * Saves screenshots to filesystem whenever an assertion error is detected In order to achieve this, the extension makes one basic assumption: Your Behat tests are run from the same application as the tested SilverStripe codebase, on a locally hosted website from the same codebase. This is important because we need access to the underlying SilverStripe PHP classes. You can of course use a remote browser to do the actual testing. Note: The extension has only been tested with the `selenium2` Mink driver. ## Installation Simply [install SilverStripe through Composer](http://doc.silverstripe.org/framework/en/installation/composer). Skip this step if adding the module to an existing project. composer create-project silverstripe/installer my-test-project 4.x-dev Switch to the newly created webroot, and add the SilverStripe Behat extension. cd my-test-project composer require --dev silverstripe/behat-extension:"@stable" Now get the latest Selenium2 server (requires [Java](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk8-downloads-2133151.html)): composer require --dev se/selenium-server-standalone:"2.x@stable" Download [Firefox 31.0 ESR](https://ftp.mozilla.org/pub/firefox/releases/31.8.0esr/) (Extended Support Release). This version is older than your currently installed Firefox. It's important to have a browser that's [supported by Selenium-Webdriver](http://docs.seleniumhq.org/docs/01_introducing_selenium.jsp#selenium-webdriver). Even newer Firefox ESR versions are likely to break with the Selenium version we're running. Now install the SilverStripe project as usual by opening it in a browser and following the instructions. Protip: You can skip this step by using `[SS_DATABASE_CHOOSE_NAME]` in a global [`_ss_environment.php`](http://doc.silverstripe.org/framework/en/topics/environment-management) file one level above the webroot. Unless you have [`$_FILE_TO_URL_MAPPING`](http://doc.silverstripe.org/framework/en/topics/commandline#configuration) set up, you also need to specify the URL for your webroot. Either add it to the existing `behat.yml` configuration file in your project root, or set is as an environment variable in your terminal session: export BEHAT_PARAMS="extensions[SilverStripe\BehatExtension\MinkExtension][base_url]=http://localhost/" ## Usage ### Prevent Firefox from Automatically Updating The moment you open Firefox, it's going to try and update itself out of the stone age. To prevent this, open a new tab and go to `about:config`. There, change the following settings to `false`: - `app.update.auto` - `app.update.enabled` - `app.update.silent` Firefox will already have started the update, so close and delete it. The settings you changed should be stored as preferences, apart from the application files you've just deleted. Reinstall that ancient version. The next time you open it, and go to "About Firefox", you should see a button desperately pleading with you to "check for updates". Don't click that if you know what's good for you... ### Starting the Selenium Server You can run the server locally in a separate Terminal session: vendor/bin/selenium-server-standalone In some cases it may be necessary to start a specific version of Firefox vendor/bin/selenium-server-standalone -Dwebdriver.firefox.bin="/Applications/Firefox31.app/Contents/MacOS/firefox-bin" ### Running the Tests Now you can run the tests (for example for the `framework` module): vendor/bin/behat @framework Or even run a single scenario by it's name (supports regular expressions): vendor/bin/behat --name 'My scenario title' @framework This will start a Firefox browser by default. Other browsers and profiles can be configured in `behat.yml`. For example, if you want to start a Chrome Browser you can following the instructions provided [here](docs/chrome-behat.md). ### Running with stand-alone command If running with `silverstripe/serve` and `chromedriver`, you can also use the following command which will automatically start and stop these services for individual tests. vendor/bin/behat-ss @framework This automates: - starting server - starting chromedriver - running behat - shutting down chromedriver - shutting down server Make sure you set `SS_BASE_URL` to `http://localhost:8080` in `.env` ## Tutorials * [Tutorial: Testing Form Submissions](docs/tutorial.md) * [Tutorial: Webservice Mocking with Phockito and TestSession](docs/webservice-mocking.md) * [Tutorial: Setting up Behat on CircleCI](docs/circleci-tutorial.md) ## Configuration The SilverStripe installer already comes with a YML configuration which is ready to run tests on a locally hosted Selenium server, located in the project root as `behat.yml`. You should ensure that you have configured SS_BASE_URL in your `.env`. Generic Mink configuration settings are placed in `SilverStripe\BehatExtension\MinkExtension`, which is a subclass of `Behat\MinkExtension\Extension`. Overview of settings (all in the `extensions.SilverStripe\BehatExtension\Extension` path): * `ajax_steps`: Because SilverStripe uses AJAX requests quite extensively, we had to invent a way to deal with them more efficiently and less verbose than just Optional `ajax_steps` is used to match steps defined there so they can be "caught" by [special AJAX handlers](http://blog.scur.pl/2012/06/ajax-callback-support-behat-mink/) that tweak the delays. You can either use a pipe delimited string or a list of substrings that match step definition. * `ajax_timeout`: Milliseconds after which an Ajax request is regarded as timed out, and the script continues with its assertions to avoid a deadlock (Default: 5000). * `screenshot_path`: Absolute path used to store screenshot of a last known state of a failed step. Screenshot names within that directory consist of feature file filename and line number that failed. Example: behat.yml default: suites: framework: paths: - %paths.modules.framework%/tests/behat/features contexts: - SilverStripe\Framework\Tests\Behaviour\FeatureContext - SilverStripe\Framework\Tests\Behaviour\CmsFormsContext - SilverStripe\Framework\Tests\Behaviour\CmsUiContext - SilverStripe\BehatExtension\Context\BasicContext - SilverStripe\BehatExtension\Context\EmailContext - SilverStripe\BehatExtension\Context\LoginContext - SilverStripe\BehatExtension\Context\FixtureContext: - %paths.modules.framework%/tests/behat/features/files/ extensions: SilverStripe\BehatExtension\MinkExtension: default_session: selenium2 javascript_session: selenium2 selenium2: browser: firefox SilverStripe\BehatExtension\Extension: screenshot_path: %paths.base%/artifacts/screenshots ## Module Initialization You're all set to start writing features now! Simply create `*.feature` files anywhere in your codebase, and run them as shown above. We recommend the folder structure of `tests/behat/features`, since its consistent with the common location of SilverStripe's PHPUnit tests. Behat tests rely on a `FeatureContext` class which contains step definitions, and can be composed of other subcontexts, e.g. for SilverStripe-specific CMS steps (details on [behat.org](http://docs.behat.org/quick_intro.html#the-context-class-featurecontext)). Since step definitions are quite domain specific, its likely that you'll need your own context. The SilverStripe Behat extension provides an initializer script which generates a template in the recommended folder structure: vendor/bin/behat --init @mymodule --namespace="MyVendor\MyModule" Note: namespace is mandatory You'll now have a class located in `mymodule/tests/behat/src/FeatureContext.php`, which will have a psr-4 class mapping added to composer.json by default. Also a folder for your features with `mymodule/tests/behat/features` will be created. A `mymodule/behat.yml` is built, with a default suite named after the module. ## Available Step Definitions The extension comes with several `BehatContext` subclasses come with some extra step defintions. Some of them are just helpful in general website testing, other's are specific to SilverStripe. To find out all available steps (and the files they are defined in), run the following: vendor/bin/behat @mymodule --definitions=i Note: There are more specific step definitions in the SilverStripe `framework` module for interacting with the CMS interfaces (see `framework/tests/behat/features/bootstrap`). In addition to the dynamic list, a cheatsheet of available steps can be found at the end of this guide. ## Fixtures Since each test run creates a new database, you can't rely on existing state unless you explicitly define it. ### Database Defaults The easiest way to get default data is through `DataObject->requireDefaultRecords()`. Many modules already have this method defined, e.g. the `blog` module automatically creates a default `BlogHolder` entry in the page tree. Sometimes these defaults can be counterproductive though, so you need to "opt-in" to them, via the `@database-defaults` tag placed at the top of your feature definition. The defaults are reset after each scenario automatically. ### Inline Definition If you need more flexibility and transparency about which records are being created, use the inline definition syntax. The following example shows some syntax variations: Feature: Do something with pages As an site owner I want to manage pages Background: # Creates a new page without data. Can be accessed later under this identifier Given a "page" "Page 1" # Uses a custom RegistrationPage type And an "error page" "Register" # Creates a page with inline properties And a "page" "Page 2" with "URLSegment"="page-1" and "Content"="my page 1" # Field names can be tabular, and based on DataObject::$field_labels And the "page" "Page 3" has the following data | Content | | | My Property | foo | | My Boolean | bar | # Pages are published by default, can be explicitly unpublished And the "page" "Page 1" is not published # Create a hierarchy, and reference a record created earlier And the "page" "Page 1.1" is a child of a "page" "Page 1" # Specific page type step And a "page" "My Redirect" which redirects to a "page" "Page 1" And a "member" "Website User" with "FavouritePage"="=>Page.Page 1" @javascript Scenario: View a page in the tree Given I am logged in with "ADMIN" permissions And I go to "/admin/pages" Then I should see "Page 1" in CMS Tree * Fixtures are created where you defined them. If you want the fixtures to be created before every scenario, define them in [Background](http://docs.behat.org/guides/1.gherkin.html#backgrounds). If you want them to be created only when a particular scenario runs, define them there. * Fixtures are cleared between scenarios. * The basic syntax works for all `DataObject` subclasses, but some specific notations like "is not published" requires extensions like `Hierarchy` to be applied to the class * Record types, identifiers, property names and property values need to be quoted * Record types (class names) can use more natural notation ("registration page" instead of "Registration Page") * Record types support the `$singular_name` notation which is also used to reference the types throughout the CMS. Record property names support the `$field_labels` notation in the same fashion. * Property values may also use a `=>` symbol to indicate relationships between records. The notation is `=>.`. For `has_many` or `many_many` relationships, multiple relationships can be separated by a comma. ## Writing Behat Tests ### Directory Structure As a convention, SilverStripe Behat tests live in a `tests/behat` subfolder of your module. You can create it with the following commands: mkdir -p mymodule/tests/behat/features/ mkdir -p mymodule/tests/behat/src/ ### FeatureContext The generic [Behat usage instructions](http://docs.behat.org/) apply here as well. The only major difference is the base class from which to extend your own `FeatureContext`: It should be `SilverStripeContext` rather than `BehatContext`. Example: mymodule/tests/behat/src/FeatureContext.php get(TestSessionEnvironment::class); $state = $env->getState(); if(isset($state->session['loggedInAs'])) { $member = \Member::get()->byID($state->session['loggedInAs']); } else { $member = null; } ## FAQ ### FeatureContext not found This is most likely a problem with Composer's autoloading generator. Check that you have "SilverStripe" mentioned in the `vendor/composer/autoload_classmap.php` file, and call `composer dump-autoload` if not. ### How do I wait for asynchronous actions in my steps? Sometimes you want to wait for an AJAX request or CSS animation to complete before calling the next step/assertion. Mink provides a [wait() method](http://mink.behat.org/en/latest/guides/session.html) for this purpose - just let the execution wait until a JavaScript expression satisfies your criteria. It's pretty common to make this expression a CSS selector. The Behat tests come with built-in support to wait for any pending `jQuery.ajax()` requests, check `BasicContext->handleAjaxBeforeStep()` and the `ajax_steps` configuration option. ### Why does the module need to know about the framework path on the filesystem? Sometimes SilverStripe needs to know the URL of your site. When you're visiting your site in a web browser this is easy to work out, but if you're executing scripts on the command-line, it has no way of knowing. To work this out, this module is using [file to URL mapping](http://doc.silverstripe.org/framework/en/topics/commandline#configuration). ### How does the module interact with the SS database? The module creates temporary database on init and is switching to the alternative database session before every scenario by using `/dev/tests/setdb` TestRunner endpoint. It also populates this temporary database with the default records if necessary. It is possible to include your own fixtures, it is explained further. ### Why do tests pass in a fresh installation, but fail in my own project? Because we're testing the interface directly, any changes to the viewed elements have the potential to disrupt testing. By building a test database from scratch, we're trying to minimize this impact. Some examples where things can go wrong nevertheless: * Thirdparty SilverStripe modules which install default data * Changes to the default interface language * Configurations which remove admin areas or specific fields Currently there's no way to exclude offending modules from a test run. You either have to adjust the tests to work around these changes, or run tests on a "sandbox" projects without these modules. ### How do I debug when something goes wrong? First, read the console output. Behat will tell you which steps have failed. SilverStripe Behaviour Testing Framework also notifies you about some events. It tries to catch some JavaScript errors and AJAX errors as well although it is limited to errors that occur after the page is loaded. Screenshot will be taken by the module every time the step is marked as failed. Refer to configuration section above to know how to set up the screenshot path. If you are unable to debug using the information collected with the above methods, it is possible to delay the step execution by adding the following step: And I put a breakpoint This will stop the execution of the tests until you press the return key in the terminal. This is very useful when you want to look at the error or developer console inside the browser or if you want to interact with the session page manually. ### Can I set breakpoints through XDebug? If you have [XDebug](http://xdebug.org) set up, breakpoints are your friend. The problem is that you can only connect the debugger to the PHP execution in the CLI, or in the browser, not both at the same time. First of all, ensure that `xdebug.remote_autostart` is set to `Off`, otherwise you'll always have an active debugging session in CLI, never in the browser. Then you can choose to enable XDebug for the current CLI run: XDEBUG_CONFIG="idekey=macgdbp" vendor/bin/behat Or you can use the `TESTSESSION_PARAMS` environment variable to pass additional parameters to `dev/testsession/start`, and debug in the browser instead. TESTSESSION_PARAMS="XDEBUG_SESSION_START=macgdbp" vendor/bin/behat @app The `macgdbp` IDE key needs to match your `xdebug.idekey` php.ini setting. ### How do I set up continuous integration through Travis? Check out the [travis.yml](https://github.com/silverstripe/silverstripe-framework/blob/master/.travis.yml) in `silverstripe/framework` for a good example on how to set up Behat tests through [travis-ci.org](http://travis-ci.org). Note that the [Travis CI Environment](https://docs.travis-ci.com/user/ci-environment#Firefox) does not default to the latest [Firefox ESR](https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/organizations/all/) release, but an older version. (31.0 in January 2017). You should try to run your tests locally with the same Firefox version, and [download the correct Firefox release](https://ftp.mozilla.org/pub/firefox/releases/)). Alternatively, [configure Travis](https://docs.travis-ci.com/user/firefox/) to use a newer version. Don't forget to disable auto-updates in your Firefox settings. ## Cheatsheet This is a manually categorized list of available commands when both the `cms` and `framework` modules are installed. It's based on the `vendor/bin/behat -di @cms` output. ### Basics Then /^(?:|I )should see "(?P(?:[^"]|\\")*)"$/ - Checks, that page contains specified text. Then /^(?:|I )should not see "(?P(?:[^"]|\\")*)"$/ - Checks, that page doesn't contain specified text. Then /^(?:|I )should see text matching (?P"(?:[^"]|\\")*")$/ - Checks, that page contains text matching specified pattern. Then /^(?:|I )should not see text matching (?P"(?:[^"]|\\")*")$/ - Checks, that page doesn't contain text matching specified pattern. Then /^the response should contain "(?P(?:[^"]|\\")*)"$/ - Checks, that HTML response contains specified string. Then /^the response should not contain "(?P(?:[^"]|\\")*)"$/ - Checks, that HTML response doesn't contain specified string. Then /^(?:|I )should see "(?P(?:[^"]|\\")*)" in the "(?P[^"]*)" element$/ - Checks, that element with specified CSS contains specified text. Then /^(?:|I )should not see "(?P(?:[^"]|\\")*)" in the "(?P[^"]*)" element$/ - Checks, that element with specified CSS doesn't contain specified text. Then /^the "(?P[^"]*)" element should contain "(?P(?:[^"]|\\")*)"$/ - Checks, that element with specified CSS contains specified HTML. Then /^(?:|I )should see an? "(?P[^"]*)" element$/ - Checks, that element with specified CSS exists on page. Then /^(?:|I )should not see an? "(?P[^"]*)" element$/ - Checks, that element with specified CSS doesn't exist on page. Then /^(?:|I )should be on "(?P[^"]+)"$/ - Checks, that current page PATH is equal to specified. Then /^the (?i)url(?-i) should match (?P"([^"]|\\")*")$/ - Checks, that current page PATH matches regular expression. Then /^the response status code should be (?P\d+)$/ - Checks, that current page response status is equal to specified. Then /^the response status code should not be (?P\d+)$/ - Checks, that current page response status is not equal to specified. Then /^(?:|I )should see (?P\d+) "(?P[^"]*)" elements?$/ - Checks, that (?P\d+) CSS elements exist on the page Then /^print last response$/ - Prints last response to console. Then /^show last response$/ - Opens last response content in browser. Then /^I should be redirected to "([^"]+)"/ Given /^I wait (?:for )?([\d\.]+) second(?:s?)$/ Then /^the "([^"]*)" table should contain "([^"]*)"$/ Then /^the "([^"]*)" table should not contain "([^"]*)"$/ Given /^I click on "([^"]*)" in the "([^"]*)" table$/ ### Navigation Given /^(?:|I )am on homepage$/ - Opens homepage. When /^(?:|I )go to homepage$/ - Opens homepage. Given /^(?:|I )am on "(?P[^"]+)"$/ - Opens specified page. When /^(?:|I )go to "(?P[^"]+)"$/ - Opens specified page. When /^(?:|I )reload the page$/ - Reloads current page. When /^(?:|I )move backward one page$/ - Moves backward one page in history. When /^(?:|I )move forward one page$/ - Moves forward one page in history ### Forms When /^(?:|I )press "(?P