diff --git a/hina/classifier.py b/hina/classifier.py
index 9018af6..f41a98f 100644
--- a/hina/classifier.py
+++ b/hina/classifier.py
@@ -92,6 +92,48 @@ def _get_procedure_division(source_upper: str) -> str:
     return source_upper
 
 
+def _detect_matching_structure(source_upper: str) -> float:
+    """结构检测：不依赖变量名 KEY 的模式匹配检测。
+
+    通过分析 COBOL 程序的控制流结构判断是否为匹配程序。
+    返回确信度 0.0~0.55，0.0 表示不是匹配。
+
+    匹配程序的结构性特征:
+      信号 1: READ + AT END + EOF（文件读取循环）
+      信号 2: PERFORM UNTIL + EOF（主循环）
+      信号 3: ELSE 体内 READ（条件性读取——匹配核心）
+      信号 4: IF 比较两个连字号字段（跨文件字段比较）
+      信号 5: 2+ 文件 OPEN INPUT（多文件输入）
+    """
+    import re
+
+    signals = 0
+    # 信号 1: READ + AT END + EOF（文件读取循环）
+    if re.search(r'READ\s+\w+.*AT\s+END.*EOF', source_upper):
+        signals += 1
+    # 信号 2: PERFORM UNTIL + EOF（主循环）
+    if re.search(r'PERFORM\s+UNTIL\s+.*EOF', source_upper):
+        signals += 1
+    # 信号 3: ELSE 体内 READ（条件性读取）
+    if re.search(r'ELSE\s+.*READ\s+', source_upper):
+        signals += 1
+    # 信号 4: IF 比较两个连字号字段（跨文件字段比较）
+    if re.search(r'IF\s+\w+-\w+\s*[=<>]\s*\w+-\w+', source_upper):
+        signals += 1
+    # 信号 5: 2+ 文件 OPEN INPUT
+    if re.search(r'OPEN\s+INPUT\s+\w+\s+\w+', source_upper):
+        signals += 1
+
+    # 确信度: 5 中 5 = 0.55, 5 中 4 = 0.50, 5 中 3 = 0.40
+    if signals >= 5:
+        return 0.55
+    elif signals >= 4:
+        return 0.50
+    elif signals >= 3:
+        return 0.40
+    return 0.0
+
+
 def detect_keyword(source: str) -> list[tuple[str, float, str]]:
     """在 COBOL 源码中搜索 L1_RULES 定义的关键字，返回匹配结果。
 
@@ -135,6 +177,15 @@ def detect_keyword(source: str) -> list[tuple[str, float, str]]:
                     matched = True
                     break
 
+    # ── 结构性匹配检测（不依赖 KEY 变量名）──
+    match_conf = _detect_matching_structure(source_upper)
+    if match_conf > 0:
+        has_more_specific = any(
+            cat != "マッチング" for cat, _, _ in results
+        )
+        if not has_more_specific:
+            results.append(("マッチング", match_conf, "structural_matching"))
+
     return results
 
 
diff --git a/hina/pipeline/pipeline.py b/hina/pipeline/pipeline.py
index 2d1729d..0ed0e16 100644
--- a/hina/pipeline/pipeline.py
+++ b/hina/pipeline/pipeline.py
@@ -166,6 +166,13 @@ def _path_rule_engine(
             r'\b[A-Z]\d{0,2}-[\w-]*KEY\s*[=<>]',  # K01-KEY =
             su
         ))
+        # 注入 has_structural_match: 结构性匹配检测的结果（不依赖变量名 KEY）
+        # 当 detect_keyword 通过结构识别出匹配时，让规则引擎也能利用这个信号
+        features["has_structural_match"] = bool(re.search(
+            r'IF\s+\w+-\w+\s*[=<>]\s*\w+-\w+.*'  # 跨文件字段比较
+            r'(?:PERFORM|END-PERFORM|READ)',        # 含循环/读取
+            su, re.DOTALL
+        ))
 
     # 2. 运行所有混淆组解析器
     resolved_types: dict[str, str] = {}
@@ -205,19 +212,48 @@ def _path_rule_engine(
         final_category = keyword_info["category"]
         final_base_confidence = keyword_info["confidence"]
 
+    # 规则引擎结果优先级: 匹配检测 > 辅助推断
+    # マッチング/項目チェック/キーブレイク/編集処理 是主类型，优先级高
+    # M:N/DIVIDE 是辅助推断，仅当主类型未命中时才采纳
+    _MAIN_TYPE_PRIORITY = {"マッチング", "項目チェック(重複含む)", "項目チェック(重複含まず)",
+                           "キーブレイク", "編集処理(校验)", "二段階マッチング",
+                           "単純マッチング", "混合マッチング", "CSV合并", "CSV拆分",
+                           "純粋マッチング"}
+
     # 如果规则引擎有更高置信度的结果, 则采纳
     # 使用第一轮缓存的结果（M1: 消除冗余重复调用）
     best_resolved_type = None
     best_resolved_conf = 0.0
+    best_is_main = False
     for pair_name, rtype in resolved_types.items():
         cached_conf = resolved_confidences.get(pair_name, 0.0)
-        if cached_conf > best_resolved_conf:
-            best_resolved_conf = cached_conf
-            best_resolved_type = rtype
+        is_main = rtype in _MAIN_TYPE_PRIORITY
 
-    if best_resolved_type and best_resolved_conf > final_base_confidence:
-        final_category = best_resolved_type
-        final_base_confidence = best_resolved_conf
+        if best_resolved_type is None:
+            best_resolved_type = rtype
+            best_resolved_conf = cached_conf
+            best_is_main = is_main
+        elif is_main and not best_is_main:
+            # 主类型覆盖非主类型（即使置信度略低）
+            best_resolved_type = rtype
+            best_resolved_conf = cached_conf
+            best_is_main = True
+        elif cached_conf > best_resolved_conf:
+            best_resolved_type = rtype
+            best_resolved_conf = cached_conf
+            best_is_main = is_main
+
+    if best_resolved_type:
+        final_is_main = final_category in _MAIN_TYPE_PRIORITY
+        if best_resolved_conf > final_base_confidence:
+            # 置信度更高 → 替换
+            final_category = best_resolved_type
+            final_base_confidence = best_resolved_conf
+        elif best_is_main and not final_is_main and final_base_confidence < 0.40:
+            # 主类型替代低确信度的非主类型（如 M:N→マッチング）
+            # 但如果 keyword 已确定具体分类（如编码转换 0.85），不覆盖
+            final_category = best_resolved_type
+            final_base_confidence = max(final_base_confidence, best_resolved_conf)
 
     # 5. 计算 4 因子确信度
     keyword_result_v2 = _build_keyword_result_for_v2(keyword_info)
diff --git a/hina/rule_engine/confusion_groups.py b/hina/rule_engine/confusion_groups.py
index 68d8803..4f8a4f7 100644
--- a/hina/rule_engine/confusion_groups.py
+++ b/hina/rule_engine/confusion_groups.py
@@ -42,11 +42,14 @@ def resolve_matching_vs_keybreak(features: dict) -> dict:
         evidence.append(f"WS-PREV-KEY 存在 + 累加器存在 + IF 分支 → キーブレイク")
         return {"resolved_type": "キーブレイク", "confidence": 0.85, "evidence": evidence}
 
-    # 补充规则: SELECT 文件数 >= 2 且 comparison 至少 1 → 倾向マッチング
+    # 补充规则: SELECT 文件数 >= 2 且 comparison/eqlality 至少 1 → 倾向マッチング
     # 要求必须有实际的 KEY 变量比较（防止计数器比较误判）
+    # 或结构性匹配检测信号（变量名不含 KEY 但结构是匹配）
     has_key_compare = variable_patterns.get("has_prev_key", False) or features.get("has_key_var", False)
-    if file_count >= 2 and comparison_ifs >= 1 and has_key_compare:
-        evidence.append(f"SELECT 文件数 >=2 + comparison IF >=1 + KEY 变量 → マッチング")
+    has_struct_match = features.get("has_structural_match", False) or features.get("has_prev_key", False)
+    effective_ifs = comparison_ifs + equality_ifs
+    if file_count >= 2 and effective_ifs >= 1 and (has_key_compare or has_struct_match):
+        evidence.append(f"SELECT 文件数 >=2 + IF >=1 + KEY/结构证据 → マッチング")
         return {"resolved_type": "マッチング", "confidence": 0.75, "evidence": evidence}
 
     # 回退: 无法明确判定
diff --git a/tests/parametrized/test_statements/test_adversarial.py b/tests/parametrized/test_statements/test_adversarial.py
index 38e38d9..1d28a21 100644
--- a/tests/parametrized/test_statements/test_adversarial.py
+++ b/tests/parametrized/test_statements/test_adversarial.py
@@ -4,8 +4,10 @@ COBOL 迁移专家设计的攻击面:
 - FP: 非匹配程序被误判为マッチング
 - FN: 真实匹配程序未被识别
 - 边界: 注释关键词、旧式命名、多文件非匹配
+- FN: 变量名不含 KEY 但结构是匹配程序
 """
 
+import re
 from pathlib import Path
 import pytest
 
@@ -16,25 +18,23 @@ from hina.classifier import detect_keyword
 FIXTURES = Path(__file__).parents[3] / "test-data" / "cobol" / "adversarial"
 
 # (filename, expect_matching, reason)
-# expect_matching=True → must be マッチング/二段階
-# expect_matching=False → must NOT be マッチング/二段階
 ADVERSARIAL_TESTS = [
     ("ADV-FALSE-KEY.cbl",    False,
-     "FP: WS-KEY 变量但只是简单 ADD 程序，不应触发匹配"),
+     "FP: WS-KEY variable but only simple ADD, should NOT trigger matching"),
     ("ADV-KEY-IN-COMMENT.cbl", False,
-     "FP: KEY 只在 *> 注释中，不应触发匹配"),
+     "FP: KEY only in *> comments, should NOT trigger matching"),
     ("ADV-PREVKEY-FAKE.cbl", False,
-     "FP: WS-PREV-KEY 但无匹配逻辑，不应触发匹配"),
+     "FP: WS-PREV-KEY without matching logic, should NOT trigger"),
     ("ADV-OLD-SCHOOL.cbl",   True,
-     "FN: K01-KEY 旧式命名，应识别为匹配"),
+     "FN: K01-KEY old-school naming, should detect matching"),
     ("ADV-TINY-MATCH.cbl",   True,
-     "FN: 极简匹配程序（1 文件），应识别"),
+     "FN: Minimal matching (1 file), should detect"),
     ("ADV-CALL-MATCH.cbl",   False,
-     "FP: CALL+WS-MAST-KEY，子程序调用应优先"),
+     "FP: CALL+WS-MAST-KEY, subprogram call should win"),
     ("ADV-ASCII-KEY.cbl",    False,
-     "FP: ASCII+WS-KEY，编码转换应优先"),
+     "FP: ASCII+WS-KEY, encoding conversion should win"),
     ("ADV-10FILES.cbl",      False,
-     "FP: 10 文件无 KEY 比较，不应触发匹配"),
+     "FP: 10 files no KEY comparison, should NOT trigger matching"),
 ]
 
 
@@ -44,21 +44,18 @@ ADVERSARIAL_TESTS = [
     ids=[t[0].replace('.cbl','') for t in ADVERSARIAL_TESTS],
 )
 def test_adversarial(filename, expect_matching, reason):
-    """对抗性测试：验证明假阳性/假阴性"""
+    """Adversarial test: false positive / false negative check"""
     path = FIXTURES / filename
     assert path.exists(), f"Missing: {path}"
     src = path.read_text("utf-8")
 
-    # 1. extract_structure must not crash
     struct = extract_structure(src)
     assert struct is not None
 
-    # 2. classify_program must not crash
     result = classify_program(src)
     assert result is not None
     assert result["confidence"] >= 0
 
-    # 3. False positive/negative check
     is_matching = "マッチング" in result["category"] or "二段階" in result["category"]
     if expect_matching:
         assert is_matching, (
@@ -71,10 +68,74 @@ def test_adversarial(filename, expect_matching, reason):
             f"(conf={result['confidence']:.2f}). Reason: {reason}"
         )
 
-    # 4. Keyword detection sanity
     kw = detect_keyword(src)
     if expect_matching:
-        # Matching programs should have at least 1 keyword match
         assert len(kw) >= 1 or result["method"] != "rule_engine_fallback", (
             f"{filename}: matching program with 0 keyword matches"
         )
+
+
+def test_structural_matching_no_keyword():
+    """FN: Matching program without KEY in variable names (CUST-CODE vs ORDR-CODE)
+
+    Real-world COBOL matching programs often use -CODE or -ID instead of -KEY.
+    Structural detection must catch these even without naming hints.
+    """
+    src = """       IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
+       PROGRAM-ID. REALMT.
+       ENVIRONMENT DIVISION.
+       INPUT-OUTPUT SECTION.
+       FILE-CONTROL.
+           SELECT CUST-FILE ASSIGN TO 'CUST.DAT'.
+           SELECT ORDR-FILE ASSIGN TO 'ORDR.DAT'.
+       DATA DIVISION.
+       FILE SECTION.
+       FD CUST-FILE.
+       01 CUST-REC.
+          05 CUST-CODE     PIC X(10).
+          05 CUST-NAME     PIC X(30).
+       FD ORDR-FILE.
+       01 ORDR-REC.
+          05 ORDR-CODE     PIC X(10).
+          05 ORDR-AMT      PIC 9(7)V99.
+       WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.
+       01 WS-CUST-CODE     PIC X(10).
+       01 WS-ORDR-CODE     PIC X(10).
+       01 WS-EOF1          PIC X VALUE 'N'.
+       01 WS-EOF2          PIC X VALUE 'N'.
+       PROCEDURE DIVISION.
+       MAIN.
+           OPEN INPUT CUST-FILE ORDR-FILE.
+           READ CUST-FILE INTO CUST-REC
+               AT END MOVE 'Y' TO WS-EOF1.
+           READ ORDR-FILE INTO ORDR-REC
+               AT END MOVE 'Y' TO WS-EOF2.
+           PERFORM UNTIL WS-EOF1 = 'Y' OR WS-EOF2 = 'Y'
+               IF CUST-CODE = ORDR-CODE
+                   DISPLAY 'MATCH'
+               ELSE IF CUST-CODE < ORDR-CODE
+                   READ CUST-FILE AT END MOVE 'Y' TO WS-EOF1
+               ELSE
+                   READ ORDR-FILE AT END MOVE 'Y' TO WS-EOF2
+               END-IF
+           END-PERFORM.
+           CLOSE CUST-FILE ORDR-FILE.
+           STOP RUN.
+"""
+    result = classify_program(src)
+    kw = detect_keyword(src)
+
+    # Must have structural matching keyword
+    assert any("structural" in k[2] for k in kw), (
+        f"Expected structural matching keyword, got {kw}"
+    )
+
+    # Must be classified as matching
+    assert "マッチング" in result["category"] or "二段階" in result["category"], (
+        f"Expected matching, got '{result['category']}'"
+    )
+
+    # Confidence should be reasonable
+    assert result["confidence"] > 0.30, (
+        f"Confidence too low: {result['confidence']:.2f}"
+    )