diff --git a/cobol_testgen/runner.py b/cobol_testgen/runner.py
index edb1d49..01b8d1a 100644
--- a/cobol_testgen/runner.py
+++ b/cobol_testgen/runner.py
@@ -995,6 +995,117 @@ def run_all(program_name: str, outdir: str, temp_dir: str,
     return results, merged_gcov
 
 
+# ── 外部（黑盒）数据组执行 ──
+
+
+def run_external_groups(program_name: str, outdir: str, temp_dir: str,
+                        fields_dict: list[dict], fd_fields: dict,
+                        select_info: dict, open_dir: dict,
+                        roles: dict, field_to_fd: dict,
+                        groups: list, source_dir: str,
+                        data_fields: list[dict] | None = None,
+                        multi_write_fds: set | None = None,
+                        java_src_dir: str | None = None
+                        ) -> tuple[list, list[dict]]:
+    """跑外部（黑盒）数据组：编译一次 → 逐组写输入/执行/Java 比对。
+
+    groups: list[BlackBoxGroup]（具备 label/records/term_types 属性）。
+    Returns: (results, java_reports)
+    """
+    from .output import output_input_files
+
+    fd_field_dicts = _build_fd_field_dicts(fd_fields, fields_dict)
+    log_dir = os.path.join(outdir, 'logs')
+    work_dir = Path(temp_dir).resolve()
+    work_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+    sub_dir = _resolve_sub_dir(source_dir)
+    cpy_dir = _resolve_cpy_dir(source_dir)
+    sub_o = compile_sub_modules(sub_dir, str(work_dir), cpy_dir, log_dir=log_dir)
+    exe_path = compile_program(program_name, source_dir, str(work_dir), sub_o,
+                               cpy_dir, log_dir=log_dir)
+
+    java_cfg = None
+    if str(os.environ.get('COBOL_JAVA_RUN', '1')).lower() not in ('0', 'off', 'false'):
+        _jsrc = (java_src_dir
+                 or os.environ.get('COBOL_JAVA_SRC_DIR')
+                 or str(Path(source_dir).parent / 'JavaSrc'))
+        java_cfg = _discover_java(_jsrc, program_name)
+        if java_cfg:
+            logger.info(f"  发现 Java 对应程序: {java_cfg['main_class']}")
+        else:
+            logger.info(f"  未发现 Java 对应程序（{_jsrc}），跳过 Java 运行/比对")
+
+    results = []
+    java_reports = []
+    for grp in groups:
+        label = grp.label
+        records = grp.records or []
+        term_types = grp.term_types or ['normal'] * len(records)
+        if not records:
+            logger.warning(f"  黑盒组 {label}: 无记录，跳过")
+            continue
+
+        base = Path(outdir) / 'black_box' / label
+        src_in_dir = base / 'cobol' / 'input'
+        dst_out_dir = base / 'cobol' / 'output'
+        if src_in_dir.exists():
+            shutil.rmtree(str(src_in_dir), ignore_errors=True)
+
+        output_input_files(
+            records, src_in_dir, f'{program_name}_{label}', roles,
+            fd_fields, field_to_fd, open_dir,
+            term_types=term_types,
+            data_fields=data_fields or fields_dict,
+            select_info=select_info,
+            drop_secondary_tail=False,
+        )
+
+        if src_in_dir.is_dir():
+            for src in sorted(src_in_dir.iterdir()):
+                if src.is_file() and src.suffix.lower() != '.json':
+                    shutil.copy2(str(src), str(work_dir / src.name))
+
+        _clean_gcda(str(work_dir))
+        group = GroupInfo(
+            name=f'{program_name}_black_box_{label}',
+            records=records,
+            expected_outputs=[{}] * len(records),
+            fd_field_dicts=fd_field_dicts,
+            open_dir=open_dir,
+            select_info=select_info,
+            multi_write_fds=multi_write_fds or set(),
+        )
+        r = run_group(group, exe_path, str(work_dir), log_dir=log_dir)
+        results.append(r)
+        logger.info(f"  组 '{group.name}': returncode={r.returncode}, "
+                    f"{'✓' if r.passed else '✗'}")
+
+        dst_out_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        for fd_name in fd_field_dicts:
+            if (open_dir or {}).get(fd_name, '') not in ('OUTPUT', 'I-O'):
+                continue
+            sel = select_info.get(fd_name, {})
+            assign = sel.get('assign', fd_name) if isinstance(sel, dict) else fd_name
+            src = os.path.join(str(work_dir), assign)
+            if os.path.exists(src):
+                shutil.copy2(src, str(dst_out_dir / assign))
+
+        if java_cfg:
+            jrep = _run_java_scene(
+                program_name, label,
+                base / 'java' / 'output',
+                str(work_dir),
+                src_in_dir, dst_out_dir,
+                fd_field_dicts, open_dir, select_info,
+                java_cfg, log_dir=log_dir, label=label,
+            )
+            jrep['section'] = 'black_box'
+            java_reports.append(jrep)
+
+    return results, java_reports
+
+
 # ── run_and_compare（被 --run 调用，SOURCE 兼容）──