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tests/audio.md
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tests/audio.md
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## alsa
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ALSA is part of the kernel.
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What is PCM or a PCM device?\
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse-code_modulation
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#### aplay
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`aplay` is part of the package `alsa-utils` on Fedora.
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```
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aplay -l
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```
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List all soundcards and digital audio devices.
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```
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aplay -L
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```
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-L, --list-pcms\
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List all PCMs defined\
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(there is also `default`)
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You can use `aplay` to play audio files.\
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Without argument it works on wav/raw files:
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```
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aplay example.wav
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```
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With `-f` there are different formats available, but you would need to be an audio expert to understand what these mean.
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***
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speaker-test is another useful binary from `alsa-utils`:
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```
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speaker-test -l 1
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```
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This will produce some noise on the default playback device for 10 seconds\
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and print some info about it on the screen.\
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See `man speaker-test` for more.
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Also useful:
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```
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amixer
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```
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```
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amixer info
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```
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You can also specify the device
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```
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amixer -D default
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```
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(and you can also specify the card with `-c`)
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```
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amixer controls
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```
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There is also the package `alsa-topology-utils` which provides the command `alsatplg`.
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#### configuration
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```
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$ cat /etc/alsa/alsactl.conf
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#
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# ALSA library configuration file for alsactl tool
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# (/usr/share/alsa tree is not necessary for alsactl)
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#
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ctl.hw {
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@args [ CARD ]
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@args.CARD {
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type string
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default "0"
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}
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type hw
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card $CARD
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}
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```
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And there is stuff here:
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```
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/etc/alsa/conf.d $ ls
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50-pipewire.conf 99-pipewire-default.conf
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```
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#### select default soundcard and/or pcm device
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https://www.alsa-project.org/wiki/Setting_the_default_device
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=> that works
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Find your desired card with:
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```
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cat /proc/asound/cards
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```
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and then create /etc/asound.conf with following:
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```
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defaults.pcm.card 1
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defaults.ctl.card 1
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```
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Replace "1" with number of your card determined above.
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you can test with `speaker-test -l 1` or with the minimal pcm example code
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**Note: The problem is, that your USB headset might be card 0 one time and when you replug it another time it might be card 1.**
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***
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#### audioservers
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`pulseaudio` and `pipewire` are audio servers.\
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They are on top of alsa.
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## how to figure out if you are using pulseaudio or pipewire?
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```
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$ ps -ef | grep -i "pipe"
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bf 2079 1856 0 19:09 ? 00:00:10 /usr/bin/pipewire
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bf 2082 1856 0 19:09 ? 00:00:13 /usr/bin/pipewire-pulse
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```
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pipewire doesnt seem to have a systemd unit
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But there seems to a compatibility layer involved since `pulseaudio volume control` (or pavucontrol) does change my audio output volume.
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***
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## pipewire
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https://docs.pipewire.org/
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`/usr/share/pipewire/pipewire.conf`
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The program `qpwgraph` is supposed to be a gui help for pipewire.\
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Seems very chaotic though.
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#### pipewire - record audio
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If you use `pipewire` you can test your input device by recording like this:
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```
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pw-cat -r recordme
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```
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#### pipe audio to pipewire
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```
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cat Hitman_Budapest_Bath_Hotel.mp3 | paplay
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```
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***
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## pulseaudio
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#### installation
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```
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sudo pacman -S pulseaudio
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sudo pacman -S pavucontrol
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sudo reboot
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```
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#### pulseaudio commands
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```
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pactl info
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```
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```
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paplay <audiofile>
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```
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#### testing pulseaudio
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```
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pactl load-module module-sine frequency=440
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```
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stop the sound with
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```
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pactl unload-module module-sine
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```
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btw, to see all loaded modules:
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```
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pactl list modules
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```
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---
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#### ffmpeg
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Puts the audio of a .mp4 Video into a .mp3 file:
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```
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ffmpeg -i input.mp4 output.mp3
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```
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Converting to .webm works the same way:
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```
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ffmpeg -i input.mp4 output.webm
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```
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Reducing the resolution of a video:
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```
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ffmpeg -i <input> -vf scale=480x360,setdar=4:3 <output>
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```
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---
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#### play sounds on the command line
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Make sure "system sounds" are almost as high as the other sounds in `pulse audio volume control`.
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```
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mpg123 -q /path/to/myfile.mp3
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```
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or directly with pulseaudio:
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```
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paplay /usr/share/sounds/freedesktop/stereo/alarm-clock-elapsed.oga
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```
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---
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#### test microphone
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part of the `libpulse` package:
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```
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parecord file.mp3
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```
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```
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pacman -F parecord
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extra/libpulse 16.1-6 [installed]
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usr/bin/parecord
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usr/share/bash-completion/completions/parecord
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```
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The `pulseaudio-utils` package has the `parec` command:
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```
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parec --format=s16le --channels=2 --rate=44100 | pacat
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```
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This will record from your microphone and output it a couple of seconds later.
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## Volume problem in movies
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In movies the volume is always inappropriate, shootings and music is very loud,
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quiet conversations you want to hear are unhearable silent.
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In my experience while using headphones this problem is less dominant but still exists.
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***
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Using OpenShot:
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Imported movie, separate audio command took forever so I quit.
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Tried it another time. Waited 2 minutes switched to browser in the meantime.
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Then it worked.
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But how do I just cut the audio without cutting the video clip too?
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=> don't use short cut, use the mouse, left click to select the clip,
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right click on the clip -> slice -> keep both sides
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Then select the clip, right click and put the volume to 10% or delete the audio clip.
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=> this works ok, but the performance is a little slow, maybe reduce the quality of the video
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before doing this!
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Exporting was a problem at 720p 30fps medium quality.
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Took 1 hour and the file is now 4.3GB big which is way too much.
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The problem was the original file was 720X320 at 24 fps and the new file is 720x1980 at 30fps.
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So I chose the wrong export option.
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Rendering/exporting video has to be done in advanced mode.
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You need to view the video and audio settings of the original video in file browser (video bitrate,
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audio bitrate, sample rate, codec, dimensions).
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The file size of the exported video is ok now, but I still have problems with the resolution.
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The video is squished together and the black frames on bottom and top are bigger than orignal
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even though I selected the same resolution.
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Außerdem Audiotrack verschoben...
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***
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VLC Media Player:
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Tools -> Effects and Filters (ctrl + E)
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=> try experimenting with enabling equalizer and/or enabling compressor
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==> doesn't really seem to help, maybe you have to change some settings
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===> changed settings, doesn't help
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----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Try that didn't get me anywhere:
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sudo apt install pulseaudio-equalizer
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command to start the program:
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qpaeq
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Error
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solution: https://linuxhint.com/install-pulseaudio-equalizer-linux-mint/
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sudo vim /etc/pulse/default.pa
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Add the below-given lines at the bottom of the/etc/pulse/default.pa file.
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load-module module-equalizer-sink
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load-module module-dbus-protocol
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Next, kill the PulseAudio service and restart it:
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$ pulseaudio --kill && pulseaudio --start
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Now, open the PulseAudio with the command:
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$ qpaeq
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=> Ok, jetzt funktioniert zwar das Programm, aber ich kann mit dem Programm nichts anfangen.
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Scheint auch keine Dateien zu manipulieren sondern nur generell den Output.
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***
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#### audacity
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```
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sudo apt install audacity
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```
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Cut out audio: Select a range with the mouse and hit <kbd>del</kbd>
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Keep everything but the selected: select a range with the mouse and go to `edit -> remove special -> trim audio`. (or <kbd>ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>t</kbd>\
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Then put it on the beginning of the track with `tracks -> align tracks -> start to zero`
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#### location of sound files that applications use
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chatgpt:\
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The location of sound files used by a Linux application can vary depending on the application and the specific Linux distribution being used. However, there are a few common locations where sound files are typically stored:
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1. /usr/share/sounds: This directory contains system sounds that are used by many Linux applications, such as notifications and alerts.
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1. /usr/share/sounds/{application-name}: Some applications may have their own subdirectory within /usr/share/sounds where they store their sound files.
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1. ~/.local/share/sounds: This directory contains sound files for user-specific applications, such as media players or games.
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1. /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/pulseaudio: This directory contains system sounds for the PulseAudio sound server, which is used by many Linux distributions.
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1. /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/gstreamer-1.0: This directory contains sound files used by GStreamer, a popular multimedia framework used by many Linux applications.
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For example this file existed both on Arch Linux and on Fedora:
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```
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$ paplay /usr/share/sounds/freedesktop/stereo/alarm-clock-elapsed.oga
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```
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## troubleshooting
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#### no audio input from headset
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I had no audio input from my headset.
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The solution was to go into `pulse audio volume control` or `pavucontrol`.\
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"Input devices" -> And set your headset as `fallback`
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With `pipewire` you can test it with `pw-cat -r myfile`, go into `nnn` and hit enter on the file.
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***
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#### no sound issue on Ubuntu
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I had the issue that no sound was working on Ubuntu anymore because of various system problems.
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Then I did
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```
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sudo apt reinstall alsa-base
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```
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```
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sudo apt reinstall pulseaudio
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```
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```
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reboot
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```
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And sound was working again.
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Loading…
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