The version of the DB server required for this to work is at least 9.4
The commit also updates the general DBZ build system for:
* custom checkstyle package exclusions - required by the Postgres driver the protobuf code for now
* adds support for debugging Surefire and Failsafe
Adds a small framework for recording the DDL operations on the schema state (e.g., Tables) as they are read and applied from the log, and when restarting the connector task to recover the accumulated schema state. Where and how the DDL operations are recorded is an abstraction called `DatabaseHistory`, with three options: in-memory (primarily for testing purposes), file-based (for embedded cases and perhaps standalone Kafka Connect uses), and Kafka (for normal Kafka Connect deployments).
The `DatabaseHistory` interface methods take several parameters that are used to construct a `SourceRecord`. The `SourceRecord` type was not used, however, since that would result in this interface (and potential extension mechanism) having a dependency on and exposing the Kafka API. Instead, the more general parameters are used to keep the API simple.
The `FileDatabaseHistory` and `MemoryDatabaseHistory` implementations are both fairly simple, but the `FileDatabaseHistory` relies upon representing each recorded change as a JSON document. This is simple, is easily written to files, allows for recovery of data from the raw file, etc. Although this was done initially using Jackson, the code to read and write the JSON documents required a lot of boilerplate. Instead, the `Document` framework developed during Debezium's very early prototype stages was brought back. It provides a very usable API for working with documents, including the ability to compare documents semantically (e.g., numeric values are converted to be able to compare their numeric values rather than just compare representations) and with or without field order.
The `KafkaDatabaseHistory` is a bit more complicated, since it uses a Kafka broker to record all database schema changes on a single topic with single partition, and then upon restart uses it to recover the history from the dedicated topics. This implementation also records the changes as JSON documents, keeping it simple and independent of the Kafka Connect converters.
This initial commit defines several modules for ingesting from JDBC and specifically from PostgreSQL and MySQL. The two latter modules define separate unit tests and integration tests, and prior to running the integration tests create a Docker image with the respective database and start a Docker container. Any *.sql or *.sh files are run on database, allowing the modules to easily create and populate databases used in the tests. The integration tests are then run (using the failsafe maven plugin), and regardless of whether there are any failures the Docker container is always shutdown (at least when running `mvn install`). See the modules' README files for details.
