diff --git a/docs/1970s/1974/unix-v5/simh/index.md b/docs/1970s/1974/unix-v5/simh/index.md index bb5d3ac..e9184e9 100644 --- a/docs/1970s/1974/unix-v5/simh/index.md +++ b/docs/1970s/1974/unix-v5/simh/index.md @@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ Now open a terminal and move to the VM folder. Run the following command to star pdp11 ``` -![pdp11](unix-v5-SIMH-2.webp) +![pdp11](./unix-v5-SIMH-2.webp) After the emulator starts, you will get a `@` prompt. Type `unix` and press enter to run the `unix` kernel. @@ -81,7 +81,6 @@ See the [manuals section](/1970s/1974/unix-v5/#manuals) on the [main ! Unix-v5 p ### Windows - Create a file called `unix-v5.bat` with the following content: ```bash diff --git a/docs/1970s/1975/1975.webp b/docs/1970s/1975/1975.webp new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8418c98 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/1970s/1975/1975.webp differ diff --git a/docs/1970s/1975/index.md b/docs/1970s/1975/index.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c5795ba --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/1970s/1975/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +--- +keywords: [1970s, 1975] +image: ./1975.webp +description: "There was one operating system of our interest which was released in the year 1975. It was:" +sidebar_position: 6 +--- + +import DocCardList from '@theme/DocCardList'; + +# 1975 + +![! Unix v6 from 1975](./1975.webp) + +There was one operating system of our interest which was released in the year 1975. It was: + + diff --git a/docs/1970s/1975/unix-v6/index.md b/docs/1970s/1975/unix-v6/index.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b9c9b19 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/1970s/1975/unix-v6/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,77 @@ +--- +keywords: ["Unix v6", "Unix", "PDP-11", "Interdata 7/32", "1970s", "1975"] +image: ./unix-v6.webp +description: "! Unix v6 was an operating system for the DEC PDP-11 computer. It was later ported to Interdata 7/32 computer." +sidebar_position: 1 +--- + +import DocCardList from '@theme/DocCardList'; + +# ! Unix v6 + +![! Unix v6](./unix-v6.webp) + +! Unix v6 was an operating system for the DEC PDP-11 computer. It was later ported to Interdata 7/32 computer. It was developed by Bell Labs. It can be used on SIMH PDP-11 and Interdata 7/32 emulators. + + + +## Manuals + +Here is the manual for ! Unix v6: + +- [! Unix Programmer's Manual, 6th Edition](http://squoze.net/UNIX/v6man/all.pdf) + +There were a bunch of short documents for use with ! Unix v6. Some of them are available today: + +- [Unix for Beginners](http://squoze.net/UNIX/v6/files/doc/beg.pdf) +- [A Tutorial Introduction to the Unix Text Editor](http://squoze.net/UNIX/v6/files/doc/ed.pdf) +- [Programming in C − A Tutorial](http://squoze.net/UNIX/v6/files/doc/ctut.pdf) +- [C Reference Manual](http://squoze.net/UNIX/v6/files/doc/c.pdf) +- [Unix Assembler Reference Manual](http://squoze.net/UNIX/v6/files/doc/as.pdf) +- [The Unix I/O System](http://squoze.net/UNIX/v6/files/doc/iosys.pdf) +- [YACC − Yet Another Compiler-Compiler](http://squoze.net/UNIX/v6/files/doc/yacc.pdf) +- [Setting Up Unix - Sixth Edition](http://squoze.net/UNIX/v6/files/doc/start.pdf) +- [The Unix Time-Sharing System](http://squoze.net/UNIX/v6/files/doc/unix.pdf) + +Many of the other short documents are not available today, but they are available in the volume 2A and 2B of ! Unix v7 manual. While the manual is for v7, most of the information included there applies to every version of Unix. + +- [! Unix Programmer's Manual, 7th Edition, Volume 2A](https://s3.amazonaws.com/plan9-bell-labs/7thEdMan/v7vol2a.pdf) +- [! Unix Programmer's Manual, 7th Edition, Volume 2B](https://s3.amazonaws.com/plan9-bell-labs/7thEdMan/v7vol2b.pdf) + +You may also be interested in the PDP-11 manuals. It was the computer on which ! Unix v6 was supposed to run. You can download them from Bitsavers: + +- [PDP-11 Manuals](http://bitsavers.org/pdf/dec/pdp11/) + +A famous book about the ! Unix v6 source code is "A Commentary on the Sixth Edition Unix Operating System" by J. Lions. You can download the book and the associated source code booklet from here: + +- [A Commentary on the Sixth Edition Unix Operating System](http://www.lemis.com/grog/Documentation/Lions/book.pdf) +- [Source Code Booklet](http://v6.cuzuco.com/v6.pdf) + +### Interdata 7/32-specific Documentation + +These documents were extracted from the Interdata 7/32 Unix port's installation, and converted to PDF. They only cover the differences in the Interdata 7/32 port. For the full manuals, see above. + +- [! Unix Programmer's Manual, 6th Edition](https://archive.org/download/unix_v6_id32_docs/man.pdf) +- [Programming in C − A Tutorial](https://archive.org/download/unix_v6_id32_docs/ctut.pdf) +- [C Reference Manual](https://archive.org/download/unix_v6_id32_docs/cman.pdf) +- [A tour through the Unix C compiler](https://archive.org/download/unix_v6_id32_docs/cdoc.pdf) + - [A new Input-Output package](https://archive.org/download/unix_v6_id32_docs/ios.pdf) + - [New C Compiler Features](https://archive.org/download/unix_v6_id32_docs/newstuff.pdf) + +## Related Pages + +- [VirtualHub Screenshots](https://screenshots.virtualhub.eu.org/1970s/1975/unix-v6/) +- [Run ! Unix v6 in your web browser](http://takahirox.github.io/pdp11-js/unixv6.html) (Instructions on page) +- [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Version_6_Unix) +- [Wikipedia PDP-11 page](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDP-11) +- [Computer History Wiki ! Unix v6 page](https://gunkies.org/wiki/UNIX_Sixth_Edition) +- [Computer History Wiki PDP-11 page](https://gunkies.org/wiki/PDP-11) +- [The Unix Heritage Society (TUHS) wiki page on ! Unix v6](https://wiki.tuhs.org/doku.php?id=systems:6th_edition) +- [Computer History Wiki tutorial on running ! Unix v6 on SIMH](https://gunkies.org/wiki/Installing_UNIX_v6_(PDP-11)_on_SIMH) +- [Tutorial from squoze.net on running ! Unix v6 on SIMH](http://squoze.net/UNIX/v6/installation) + +## Credits + +- The manuals were taken from [http://squoze.net](http://squoze.net/), [this page from Bell Labs](https://s3.amazonaws.com/plan9-bell-labs/7thEdMan/bswv7.html) and [Bitsavers](http://bitsavers.org). + +- The Lions book is available from [http://www.lemis.com/](http://www.lemis.com/) and the associated source code booklet from [http://v6.cuzuco.com/](http://v6.cuzuco.com/). diff --git a/docs/1970s/1975/unix-v6/simh-pdp11/index.md b/docs/1970s/1975/unix-v6/simh-pdp11/index.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..10099c9 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/1970s/1975/unix-v6/simh-pdp11/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,323 @@ +--- +keywords: ["Unix v6", "Unix", "PDP-11", "SIMH", "1970s", "1975"] +image: ./unix-v6-SIMH-PDP-11-23.webp +description: 'We can run ! Unix v6 on the SIMH PDP-11 emulator. First, we need to download the ! Unix v6 tape. You can download the tape needed to run it on the SIMH PDP-11 emulator from the squoze.net website.' +sidebar_position: 1 +sidebar_label: "! Unix v6 on SIMH PDP-11" +--- + +# How to install ! Unix v6 on SIMH PDP-11 emulator? + +![SIMH PDP-11 emulator with ! Unix v6](./unix-v6-SIMH-PDP-11-23.webp) + +We can run ! Unix v6 on the SIMH PDP-11 emulator. First, we need to download the ! Unix v6 tape. + +## Downloads + +You can download the tape needed to run ! Unix v6 on the SIMH PDP-11 emulator from the [squoze.net](http://squoze.net/) website: + +- [! Unix v6 tape](http://squoze.net/UNIX/v6/files/dist.tap) + +## Installing ! Unix v6 + +:::tip + +If you have not already installed SIMH PDP-11 emulator, see [the VirtualHub Setup tutorial on how to do so](https://setup.virtualhub.eu.org/simh-pdp11/) on Linux and Windows. + +::: + +Create a folder somewhere to store the files for this VM and move the `dist.tap` file into it. + +Now we will create a temporary config file for our VM. Create a text file called `pdp11.ini` with the following content in the VM folder: + +```ini +set cpu 11/40 +set tm0 locked +attach tm0 dist.tap +attach rk0 rk0 +attach rk1 rk1 +attach rk2 rk2 +d cpu 100000 012700 +d cpu 100002 172526 +d cpu 100004 010040 +d cpu 100006 012740 +d cpu 100010 060003 +d cpu 100012 000777 +g 100000 +``` + +![Copying pdp11.ini](./unix-v6-SIMH-PDP-11-1.webp) + +Now open a terminal and move to the VM folder. Run the following command to start the emulator: + +```bash +pdp11 +``` + +![Copying pdp11](./unix-v6-SIMH-PDP-11-2.webp) + +After the emulator starts, press `Ctrl` + `e`. You will get a `sim>` prompt. Type `g 0` to start the emulation. + +![g 0](./unix-v6-SIMH-PDP-11-3.webp) + +You will get an `=` prompt. Type `tmrk` and press enter. When asked for disk offset, type `0` and press enter. For tape offset, enter `100` and for count `1`. + +![tmrk (1)](./unix-v6-SIMH-PDP-11-4.webp) + +You will get back to an `=` prompt. Run `tmrk` again. This time, for disk offset, enter `1`, for tape offset `101` and for count `3999`. + +![tmrk (1)](./unix-v6-SIMH-PDP-11-5.webp) + +We have successfully copied the base ! Unix files to our disk. Now press `Ctrl` + `e` and enter `exit` to quit the emulator. + +![copying to disk finished](./unix-v6-SIMH-PDP-11-6.webp) + +Now we modify the `pdp11.ini` file and make it as follow: + +```ini +set cpu 11/40 +set tto 7b +set tm0 locked +attach tm0 dist.tap +attach rk0 rk0 +attach rk1 rk1 +attach rk2 rk2 +dep system sr 173030 +boot rk0 +``` + +![Installation pdp11.ini](./unix-v6-SIMH-PDP-11-7.webp) + +Once again, open a terminal and move to the VM folder. Run the following command to start the emulator: + +```bash +pdp11 +``` + +![Installation pdp11](./unix-v6-SIMH-PDP-11-8.webp) + +At the `@` prompt, type `rkunix` and press enter. ! Unix will start. + +![Installation unix](./unix-v6-SIMH-PDP-11-9.webp) + +Now we will rebuild the kernel to support the devices supported bu SIMH. First run `STTY -LCASE` to make ! Unix use lowercase. Now run the following commands (pressing enter after each lines) to build the mkconf executable: + +```bash +chdir /usr/sys/conf +cc mkconf.c +mv a.out mkconf +``` + +![Building mkconf](./unix-v6-SIMH-PDP-11-10.webp) + +Now we will use mkconf. Run `mkconf` and then type the following, pressing enter after each line: + +```bash +rk +tm +tc +8dc +lp +done +``` + +![mkconf](./unix-v6-SIMH-PDP-11-11.webp) + +We will now build the kernel and move it to root. Run the following commands: + +```bash +as m40.s +mv a.out m40.o +cc -c c.c +as l.s +ld -x a.out m40.o c.o ../lib1 ../lib2 +mv a.out /unix +``` + +![make kernel](./unix-v6-SIMH-PDP-11-12.webp) + +To verify that the kernel is successfully installed in root, run the following command: + +```bash +ls -l /unix +``` + +![verify kernel](./unix-v6-SIMH-PDP-11-13.webp) + +We will configure the device files now. Run the following commands one by one: + +```bash +/etc/mknod /dev/rk0 b 0 0 +/etc/mknod /dev/rk1 b 0 1 +/etc/mknod /dev/rk2 b 0 2 +/etc/mknod /dev/mt0 b 3 0 +/etc/mknod /dev/tap0 b 4 0 +/etc/mknod /dev/rrk0 c 9 0 +/etc/mknod /dev/rrk1 c 9 1 +/etc/mknod /dev/rrk2 c 9 2 +/etc/mknod /dev/rmt0 c 12 0 +/etc/mknod /dev/lp0 c 2 0 +/etc/mknod /dev/tty0 c 3 0 +/etc/mknod /dev/tty1 c 3 1 +/etc/mknod /dev/tty2 c 3 2 +/etc/mknod /dev/tty3 c 3 3 +/etc/mknod /dev/tty4 c 3 4 +/etc/mknod /dev/tty5 c 3 5 +/etc/mknod /dev/tty6 c 3 6 +/etc/mknod /dev/tty7 c 3 7 +chmod 640 /dev/*rk* +chmod 640 /dev/*mt* +chmod 640 /dev/*tap* +``` + +![configure device files](./unix-v6-SIMH-PDP-11-14.webp) + +We will copy the source and documentation of ! Unix v6 from the tape to disks now. Run the following commands: + +```bash +dd if=/dev/mt0 of=/dev/rk1 count=4000 skip=4100 +/etc/mount /dev/rk1 /usr/source +dd if=/dev/mt0 of=/dev/rk2 count=4000 skip=8100 +mkdir /usr/doc +``` + +![copy doc and source](./unix-v6-SIMH-PDP-11-15.webp) + +We will add configuration to mount the source and doc disk to correct location on each boot. To do so, run `cat >> /etc/rc` and then type the following two lines (pressing enter after each line): + +```bash +/etc/mount /dev/rk1 /usr/source +/etc/mount /dev/rk2 /usr/doc +``` + +Then press `Ctrl` + `D`. + +![configure automount of doc and source disks](./unix-v6-SIMH-PDP-11-16.webp) + +Now we will rebuild the `df` command. To configure `df`, run `chdir /usr/source/s1` to change to appropriate directory, and then run `ed df.c`. Then type the following lines, pressing enter after each line (taking care of the whitespace): + +```bash +/rp0/d +.-2a + "/dev/rk0", + "/dev/rk1", +. +w +q +``` + +Then compile `df` by running `cc -s -O df.c`. Then run the following commands to install it in the correct location: + +```bash +cp a.out /bin/df +rm a.out +``` + +![recompile df](./unix-v6-SIMH-PDP-11-17.webp) + +You can check the filesystem by running these commands: + +```bash +icheck /dev/rrk0 +dcheck /dev/rrk0 +icheck /dev/rrk1 +dcheck /dev/rrk1 +icheck /dev/rrk2 +dcheck /dev/rrk2 +``` + +![check filesystem](./unix-v6-SIMH-PDP-11-18.webp) + +At last we will enable multiuser access for ! Unix. Run `ed /etc/ttys`, and type the following lines, pressing enter after each line: + +```bash +1,8s/^0/1/p +w +q +``` + +![multiuser access](./unix-v6-SIMH-PDP-11-19.webp) + +That's it. Now run `sync` a few times, and then press `Ctrl` + `e` to pause the emulation. Enter `exit` to quit the emulator + +We have successfully installed ! Unix v6. Now you can delete the `pdp11.ini` and `dist.tap` file. + +## Running Unix v6 + +Create a fresh `pdp11.ini` file with the following contents: + +```ini +set cpu 11/40 +set cpu idle +set tto 7b +set tm0 locked +attach rk0 rk0 +attach rk1 rk1 +attach rk2 rk2 +attach lpt printer.txt +set dci en +set dci lines=8 +set dco 7b +att dci 5555 +boot rk0 +``` + +![pdp11.ini](./unix-v6-SIMH-PDP-11-21.webp) + +Open a terminal and move to the VM folder. Run the following command to start the emulator: + +```bash +pdp11 +``` + +At the `@` prompt, type `unix` and press enter. ! Unix v6 will start. + +You will be asked to log in. Type `root` and press enter to log in. There is no password. + +![! Unix v6 login](./unix-v6-SIMH-PDP-11-22.webp) + +You can now run `ls` to see the list of files. To change directory, you need to use the `chdir` command, `cd` is not available. + +![! Unix v6 list of files in root](./unix-v6-SIMH-PDP-11-23.webp) + +That's it! We used ! Unix v6. We can create a shell script to make it easy to launch the VM. + +### Linux + +Create a file called `unix-v6.sh` with the following content: + +```bash +#!/bin/bash +pdp11 +``` + +Now make the file executable: + +```bash +chmod +x unix-v6.sh +``` + +Now you can start the VM using the shell script. For example, on KDE you can right-click the file and choose `Run in Konsole` or on GNOME, where you can right-click the file and choose `Run as executable`. The VM will start. + +See the [manuals section](/1970s/1975/unix-v6/#manuals) on the [main ! Unix v6 page](/1970s/1975/unix-v6) to learn how to use it. + +### Windows + +Create a file called `unix-v6.bat` with the following content: + +```bash +pdp11 +``` + +Now you can start the VM by double-clicking the shell script. See the [manuals section](/1970s/1975/unix-v6/#manuals) on the [main ! Unix v6 page](/1970s/1975/unix-v6) to learn how to use it. + +## Credits + +- The tape image above are from the [squoze.net](http://squoze.net/) website. +- This tutorial is based on [Computer History Wiki tutorial on running ! Unix v6 on SIMH](https://gunkies.org/wiki/Installing_UNIX_v6_(PDP-11)_on_SIMH). + +## Video tutorial + +Do you want to follow the tutorial by watching a video? 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b/docs/1970s/1975/unix-v6/unix-v6.webp differ diff --git a/docs/start-here/unix/research-unix.md b/docs/start-here/unix/research-unix.md index 9b673c1..a91ebce 100644 --- a/docs/start-here/unix/research-unix.md +++ b/docs/start-here/unix/research-unix.md @@ -12,3 +12,4 @@ To learn more about Research Unix, see [this Wikipedia page](https://en.wikipedi - [! Unix v1](/1970s/1971/unix-v1/) - [! Unix v4](/1970s/1973/unix-v4/) - [! Unix v5](/1970s/1974/unix-v5/) +- [! Unix v6](/1970s/1975/unix-v6/) diff --git a/package-lock.json b/package-lock.json index bb8488a..8bacde3 100644 --- a/package-lock.json +++ b/package-lock.json @@ -3629,9 +3629,9 @@ "integrity": "sha512-5+fP8P8MFNC+AyZCDxrB2pkZFPGzqQWUzpSeuuVLvm8VMcorNYavBqoFcxK8bQz4Qsbn4oUEEem4wDLfcysGHA==" }, "node_modules/@types/mdast": { - "version": "4.0.3", - "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/mdast/-/mdast-4.0.3.tgz", - "integrity": "sha512-LsjtqsyF+d2/yFOYaN22dHZI1Cpwkrj+g06G8+qtUKlhovPW89YhqSnfKtMbkgmEtYpH2gydRNULd6y8mciAFg==", + "version": "4.0.4", + "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/mdast/-/mdast-4.0.4.tgz", + "integrity": "sha512-kGaNbPh1k7AFzgpud/gMdvIm5xuECykRR+JnWKQno9TAXVa6WIVCGTPvYGekIDL4uwCZQSYbUxNBSb1aUo79oA==", "dependencies": { "@types/unist": "*" } @@ -3652,9 +3652,9 @@ "integrity": "sha512-nG96G3Wp6acyAgJqGasjODb+acrI7KltPiRxzHPXnP3NgI28bpQDRv53olbqGXbfcgF5aiiHmO3xpwEpS5Ld9g==" }, "node_modules/@types/node": { - "version": "20.12.10", - "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/node/-/node-20.12.10.tgz", - 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