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id="第一章-变量-⭐" tabindex="-1">第一章：变量（⭐） <a class="header-anchor" href="#第一章-变量-⭐" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;第一章：变量（⭐）&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="_1-1-程序中变化的数据" tabindex="-1">1.1 程序中变化的数据 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-1-程序中变化的数据" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.1 程序中变化的数据&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>在生活中，我们使用最多的不是固定的数据，而是会变化的数据： <ul><li>① 购物车商品的<code>数量</code>、<code>价格</code>等。</li><li>② 一首歌<code>播放的时间</code>、<code>进度条</code>、<code>歌词的展示</code>等。</li><li>③ 微信聊天中<code>消息条数</code>、<code>时间</code>、<code>语音的长度</code>、<code>头像</code>、<code>名称</code>等。</li><li>④ 游戏中技能的<code>冷却时间</code>、<code>血量</code>、<code>蓝量</code>、<code>buff 时间</code>、<code>金币的数量</code>等。</li><li>……</li></ul></li></ul><ul><li>下图是一个<code>购物车</code>中<code>变化</code>的<code>数据</code>，即：</li></ul><p><img src="'+l+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>那么，在实际开发中，我们就会使用<code>变量</code>来<code>保存</code>和<code>操作</code>这些<code>变化</code>的<code>数据</code>。</li></ul><h2 id="_1-2-变量" tabindex="-1">1.2 变量 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-变量" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.2 变量&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>变量的定义：变量是程序中不可或缺的组成单位，最基本的存储单元。其实，变量就是一个存储数据的临时空间，可以向其中存储不同类型的数据，如：整数、小数、字符、字符串等，并且变量中的数据在程序运行的时候可以动态改变。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li><code>变量</code>：用来<code>存储数据</code>的<code>容器</code>。</li><li><code>数据</code>：可以是一个用来计算的<code>数字</code>，如：上文购物车中的<code>价格</code>等；也可以是一句话中的<code>关键词</code>或<code>其它任意格式的数据</code>。</li><li>变量的<code>特别</code>之处就在于<code>它存放的数据是可以改变</code>的。</li></ul></div><ul><li>我们可以将<code>变量</code>想象为一个<code>容器</code>，盒子中<code>装的</code>就是我们想要的<code>数据</code>，并且我们需要<code>给</code>盒子<code>取</code>一个<code>特别的名称</code>；通过这个<code>特别的名称</code>，我们可以<code>给</code>盒子<code>添加数据</code>或<code>移除数据</code>，这个<code>特别的名称</code>就是<code>变量名</code>。</li></ul><p><img src="'+e+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① <code>变量</code>是内存中的一个<code>存储区域</code>，该区域的数据可以在<code>同一类型</code>范围内<code>不断变化</code>。</li><li>② 通过<code>变量名</code>，可以<code>操作</code>这块内存区域，向其中<code>存储数据</code>或<code>获取数据</code>以及<code>移除数据</code>。</li><li>③ 变量的构成包含三个要素：<code>数据类型</code>、<code>变量名</code>、<code>需要存储的数据</code>。</li><li>④ 在生活中，我们会经常说：这件衣服的价格是 <code>100（整型）</code> 元，这双鞋子的价格是 <code>250.5（小数，浮点类型）</code> 元，<code>今天天气真好（字符串类型）</code>之类的话；在计算机科学中，这些都是数据，并且它们是有类型，即：数据类型。（数据类型用于定义变量所能存储的数据的种类以及可以对这些数据进行的操作的一种分类，每种数据类型都有特定的属性和用途，它们决定了变量在内存中如何表示和存储，以及变量可以执行哪些操作）</li></ul></div><h2 id="_1-3-变量的声明和使用" tabindex="-1">1.3 变量的声明和使用 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-3-变量的声明和使用" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.3 变量的声明和使用&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>① 变量必须先声明，后使用。</li><li>② 可以先声明变量再赋值，也可以在声明变量的同时进行赋值。</li><li>③ 变量的值可以在同一类型范围内不断变化。</li></ul><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><ul><li>① 在实际开发中，我们通常都会在声明变量的同时，给其赋值，这被称为初始化。</li><li>② 如果不在声明变量的同时，进行初始化，默认情况下，系统会赋予的随机值，我们也称为垃圾值。</li></ul></div><ul><li>示例：先声明，再使用</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &lt;stdio.h&gt;</span></span>
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id="第一章-变量-⭐" tabindex="-1">第一章：变量（⭐） <a class="header-anchor" href="#第一章-变量-⭐" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;第一章：变量（⭐）&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="_1-1-程序中变化的数据" tabindex="-1">1.1 程序中变化的数据 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-1-程序中变化的数据" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.1 程序中变化的数据&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>在生活中，我们使用最多的不是固定的数据，而是会变化的数据： <ul><li>① 购物车商品的<code>数量</code>、<code>价格</code>等。</li><li>② 一首歌<code>播放的时间</code>、<code>进度条</code>、<code>歌词的展示</code>等。</li><li>③ 微信聊天中<code>消息条数</code>、<code>时间</code>、<code>语音的长度</code>、<code>头像</code>、<code>名称</code>等。</li><li>④ 游戏中技能的<code>冷却时间</code>、<code>血量</code>、<code>蓝量</code>、<code>buff 时间</code>、<code>金币的数量</code>等。</li><li>……</li></ul></li></ul><ul><li>下图是一个<code>购物车</code>中<code>变化</code>的<code>数据</code>，即：</li></ul><p><img src="'+l+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>那么，在实际开发中，我们就会使用<code>变量</code>来<code>保存</code>和<code>操作</code>这些<code>变化</code>的<code>数据</code>。</li></ul><h2 id="_1-2-变量" tabindex="-1">1.2 变量 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-变量" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.2 变量&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>变量的定义：变量是程序中不可或缺的组成单位，最基本的存储单元。其实，变量就是一个存储数据的临时空间，可以向其中存储不同类型的数据，如：整数、小数、字符、字符串等，并且变量中的数据在程序运行的时候可以动态改变。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li><code>变量</code>：用来<code>存储数据</code>的<code>容器</code>。</li><li><code>数据</code>：可以是一个用来计算的<code>数字</code>，如：上文购物车中的<code>价格</code>等；也可以是一句话中的<code>关键词</code>或<code>其它任意格式的数据</code>。</li><li>变量的<code>特别</code>之处就在于<code>它存放的数据是可以改变</code>的。</li></ul></div><ul><li>我们可以将<code>变量</code>想象为一个<code>容器</code>，盒子中<code>装的</code>就是我们想要的<code>数据</code>，并且我们需要<code>给</code>盒子<code>取</code>一个<code>特别的名称</code>；通过这个<code>特别的名称</code>，我们可以<code>给</code>盒子<code>添加数据</code>或<code>移除数据</code>，这个<code>特别的名称</code>就是<code>变量名</code>。</li></ul><p><img src="'+e+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① <code>变量</code>是内存中的一个<code>存储区域</code>，该区域的数据可以在<code>同一类型</code>范围内<code>不断变化</code>。</li><li>② 通过<code>变量名</code>，可以<code>操作</code>这块内存区域，向其中<code>存储数据</code>或<code>获取数据</code>以及<code>移除数据</code>。</li><li>③ 变量的构成包含三个要素：<code>数据类型</code>、<code>变量名</code>、<code>需要存储的数据</code>。</li><li>④ 在生活中，我们会经常说：这件衣服的价格是 <code>100（整型）</code> 元，这双鞋子的价格是 <code>250.5（小数，浮点类型）</code> 元，<code>今天天气真好（字符串类型）</code>之类的话；在计算机科学中，这些都是数据，并且它们是有类型，即：数据类型。（数据类型用于定义变量所能存储的数据的种类以及可以对这些数据进行的操作的一种分类，每种数据类型都有特定的属性和用途，它们决定了变量在内存中如何表示和存储，以及变量可以执行哪些操作）</li></ul></div><h2 id="_1-3-变量的声明和使用" tabindex="-1">1.3 变量的声明和使用 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-3-变量的声明和使用" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.3 变量的声明和使用&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>① 变量必须先声明，后使用。</li><li>② 可以先声明变量再赋值，也可以在声明变量的同时进行赋值。</li><li>③ 变量的值可以在同一类型范围内不断变化。</li></ul><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><ul><li>① 在实际开发中，我们通常都会在声明变量的同时，给其赋值，这被称为初始化。</li><li>② 如果不在声明变量的同时，进行初始化，默认情况下，系统会赋予的随机值，我们也称为垃圾值。</li></ul></div><ul><li>示例：先声明，再使用</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &lt;stdio.h&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> main</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ import{_ as s,c as i,o as a,a6 as n}from"./chunks/framework.hMCIpNYY.js";const l
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;c3 = </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">%d\\n</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, c3);</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br></div></div><h2 id="_1-4-浅谈变量周边概念" tabindex="-1">1.4 浅谈变量周边概念 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-浅谈变量周边概念" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.4 浅谈变量周边概念&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="_1-4-1-数据类型" tabindex="-1">1.4.1 数据类型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-1-数据类型" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.4.1 数据类型&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>数据是放在内存中的，变量是给这块内存起的名字，有了变量就可以找到并使用这份数据。但是，该如何使用？</li><li>我们知道，对于数字、文字、符号、图形、音频、视频等数据都是以二进制的形式被加载进内存中，进而被计算机中的 CPU 所识别，它们本质上没有任何区别。那么，对于 <code>00010000</code> 这个二进制数字，我们是理解为数字 16 ？还是理解为图像中的某个像素的颜色？如果没有特别指明，我们并不清楚。</li><li>换言之，内存中的数据有多种解释方式；那么，我们在存储之前就必须明确指定，如： <code>int num = 10;</code> 中的 <code>int</code> 就是数据类型，用来限定 <code>num</code> （内存中的某个区域）中存储的是整数，而不是图像中某个像素的颜色。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>总结：</p><ul><li>① 数据类型用来说明数据的类型，确定了数据的解释方式，让计算机和程序员不会产生歧义。</li><li>② C 语言中很多基本的数据类型，如：char、short、int、long 等；如果需要，也可以组成更加复杂的数据类型（后续讲解）。</li></ul></div><h3 id="_1-4-2-连续定义多个变量" tabindex="-1">1.4.2 连续定义多个变量 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-2-连续定义多个变量" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.4.2 连续定义多个变量&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>为了让程序的书写更加简洁，C 语言支持多个变量的连续定义，如下所示：</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> a,b,c;</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">float</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> m</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">3.14</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">,n</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">4.14</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 连续定义的多个变量以逗号<code>,</code>分隔，并且要拥有相同的数据类型。变量可以初始化，也可以不初始化。</li><li>② 很多 C 语言程序员喜欢这么写；但是，本人不是很喜欢，因为连续定义可能会导致代码的可读性降低，特别是在声明时变量之间用逗号分隔，容易导致混淆。</li></ul></div><h3 id="_1-4-3-数据的长度" tabindex="-1">1.4.3 数据的长度 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-3-数据的长度" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.4.3 数据的长度&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>所谓数据长度，就是指的是数据占用多少个字节。占用的字节越多，能存储的数据就越多；对于数字而言，值就会越大。反之，能存储的数字就有限。</li><li>多个数据在内存中是连续存储的，彼此之间是没有明显的界限的。如果不指明数据的长度，那么计算机就不知道何时才能存取结束。假设我们保存了一个整数 1000 ，它占用 4 个字节的内存，而读取它的时候却读取了 3 个字节或5 个字节；那么，显示是不正确的。</li><li>所以，在定义变量的时候还要指明数据的长度，而这恰恰是数据类型的另外一个作用，即：<code>数据类型除了指明数据的解释方式，还指明了数据的长度</code>。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>总结：在 C 语言中，每一种数据类型所占用的字节数都是固定的，知道了数据类型，也就知道了数据的长度。</p></div><ul><li>在 32 位环境中，各种数据类型的长度，如下所示：</li></ul><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th>数据类型</th><th>长度（字节）</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>char</code></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td><code>short</code></td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td><code>int</code></td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td><code>long</code></td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td><code>long long</code></td><td>8</td></tr><tr><td><code>float</code></td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td><code>double</code></td><td>8</td></tr><tr><td><code>long double</code></td><td>8</td></tr><tr><td><code>pointer</code>（指针）</td><td>4</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>C 语言有多少种数据类型，每种数据类型长度是多少、该如何使用，这是每一位 C 程序员都必须要掌握的。当然，不必担心，后续还会一一讲解的。</p></div><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><p>数据类型只需要在定义变量时指明，而且必须指明；使用变量时无需再指明，因为此时的数据类型已经确定了。</p></div><h2 id="_1-5-从计算机底层看变量" tabindex="-1">1.5 从计算机底层看变量 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-5-从计算机底层看变量" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.5 从计算机底层看变量&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="_1-5-1-内存条的内部结构" tabindex="-1">1.5.1 内存条的内部结构 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-5-1-内存条的内部结构" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.5.1 内存条的内部结构&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>如果只看内存条的外观，无非就是一些集成电路和颗粒而已，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="`+t+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>并且，我们只需要将内存条插入到计算机主板对应的内存条插槽上，就可以正常工作，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="'+p+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>在家用的台式机主板上，通常有 4 个插槽或 2 个插槽，例如：本人的计算机就支持 4 个插槽，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="'+h+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 上图中的外形规格是 DIMM，所以我们通常也以 DIMM 也表示内存条。</li><li>② DIMM 是内存条的物理形式，安装在主板的内存插槽中。</li><li>③ 常见的 DIMM 类型包括 UDIMM（非缓冲 DIMM）、RDIMM（缓冲 DIMM）和 LRDIMM（负载减少DIMM）。</li></ul></div><ul><li>我们可以通过 <a href="https://www.cpuid.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">CPU-Z</a> 这个软件，查看 CPU 的一些指标信息，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="'+d+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 通过 CPU-Z 表明本人的台式机是支持双通道的，<code>channel</code> 在<code>计算机</code>中可以<code>翻译</code>为<code>信道</code>或<code>通道</code>。</li><li>② 通道是内存控制器与内存模块之间的通信路径。</li><li>③ 多通道内存可以提高数据传输带宽。例如：双通道内存系统同时使用两个通道来传输数据，从而提高性能。</li><li>④ 现代主板通常支持双通道（Dual Channel）、四通道（Quad Channel）甚至八通道（Octa Channel）。</li></ul></div><ul><li>对于家用台式机而言，如果将内存条的插槽从左到右依次编号，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="'+k+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>其中，<code>槽1</code> 和 <code>槽2</code> 是一个通道，<code>槽3</code> 和 <code>槽4</code> 是一个通道；所以，通常是这么建议的： <ul><li>如果只有 1 根内存条，就插到 <code>槽2</code> 中。</li><li>如果有 2 根内存条，就分别插入到 <code>槽2</code> 和 <code>槽4</code> 中。</li><li>如果有 4 根内存条，就全插满即可。</li></ul></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>组成双通道配置的内存条需要遵循一些基本要求来确保它们能够正常以双通道模式运行：</p><ul><li>① <strong>相同容量</strong>：理想情况下，组成双通道的内存条应该具有相同的容量。这样可以确保它们在处理数据时的一致性和兼容性。</li><li>② <strong>匹配的速度规格</strong>：内存条应该具有相同的速度规格，即它们的频率（如：DDR4-2400、DDR4-3200等）应该相同。不同速度的内存条可以一起工作，但系统会以所有内存条中最慢的那个的速度运行。</li><li>③ <strong>相同的时序</strong>：内存条的时序（如：CL16-18-18-38）应该匹配。时序参数影响内存的响应速度和稳定性，不匹配的时序可能会降低性能或导致系统不稳定。</li><li>④ <strong>相同的制造商和型号</strong>（推荐）：虽然不是强制性要求，但选择相同制造商和型号的内存条可以最大限度地减少兼容性问题。不同制造商的内存条可能在微小的规格和性能上有差异，这有可能影响双通道配置的效能。</li></ul></div><ul><li>内存条表面会有内存颗粒，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="'+c+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>上图中的内存条有 8 个内存颗粒；但是，高端服务器上的内存条通常会存在 9 个内存颗粒，最后 1 个内存颗粒专门用来做 ECC 校验。</p></div><ul><li>一个内存条有两面，高端的内存条两面都有内存颗粒，我们将每个面称为 Rank 。那么，如果内存条有两个面，就是存在 Rank0 和 Rank1 ，即：</li></ul><p><img src="'+r+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>内存条表面的黑色颗粒，我们称为 chip（芯片） ，即：</li></ul><p><img src="'+o+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 内存颗粒是内存条上的 DRAM 芯片，每个芯片包含多个存储单元。</li><li>② 内存颗粒存储数据并与内存控制器进行数据交换。</li></ul></div><ul><li>在 chip 中还有 8 个 bank，每个 bank 就是数据存储的实体，这些 bank 组成了一个二维矩阵，只要声明了 column 和 row 就可以从每个 bank 中取出 8bit （1 Bytes）的数据，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="'+u+'" alt="img" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>综上所示，内存条的分层结构就是 <code>Channel &gt; DIMM &gt; Rank -&gt; Chip -&gt; Bank -&gt; Row/Column</code>。</li></ul><h3 id="_1-5-2-变量的作用" tabindex="-1">1.5.2 变量的作用 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-5-2-变量的作用" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.5.2 变量的作用&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>如果我们希望计算 10 和 20 的和；那么，在计算机中需要怎么做？</p><ul><li>① 首先，计算 10 和 20 的运算，一定在 CPU 中进行，因为在计算机中的各个部件中，只有 CPU 有运算器（ALU）。</li><li>② 其次，我们需要将 10 和 20 交给 CPU ；由于 CPU 只能和内存进行交互，那么我们必须将 10 和 20 存储到内存中。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>即使 10 和 20 是存储在文件中的，也需要先加载进内存，然后再交给 CPU 进行运算。</p></div><ul><li>③ 最后，只需要告诉 CPU 做何种运算，如：加、减、乘、除等。</li></ul></li><li><p>其中，最为重要的问题就是如何将数据存储到内存中？答案就是通过<code>变量</code>。</p></li></ul><p><img src="'+E+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>我们知道，计算机底层是使用二进制来表示指令和数据的；但是，如果我们的代码都是这样的，即：</li></ul><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span>0000,0000,000000010000 代表 LOAD A, 16</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br></div></div><h2 id="_1-4-浅谈变量周边概念" tabindex="-1">1.4 浅谈变量周边概念 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-浅谈变量周边概念" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.4 浅谈变量周边概念&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="_1-4-1-数据类型" tabindex="-1">1.4.1 数据类型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-1-数据类型" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.4.1 数据类型&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>数据是放在内存中的，变量是给这块内存起的名字，有了变量就可以找到并使用这份数据。但是，该如何使用？</li><li>我们知道，对于数字、文字、符号、图形、音频、视频等数据都是以二进制的形式被加载进内存中，进而被计算机中的 CPU 所识别，它们本质上没有任何区别。那么，对于 <code>00010000</code> 这个二进制数字，我们是理解为数字 16 ？还是理解为图像中的某个像素的颜色？如果没有特别指明，我们并不清楚。</li><li>换言之，内存中的数据有多种解释方式；那么，我们在存储之前就必须明确指定，如： <code>int num = 10;</code> 中的 <code>int</code> 就是数据类型，用来限定 <code>num</code> （内存中的某个区域）中存储的是整数，而不是图像中某个像素的颜色。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>总结：</p><ul><li>① 数据类型用来说明数据的类型，确定了数据的解释方式，让计算机和程序员不会产生歧义。</li><li>② C 语言中很多基本的数据类型，如：char、short、int、long 等；如果需要，也可以组成更加复杂的数据类型（后续讲解）。</li></ul></div><h3 id="_1-4-2-连续定义多个变量" tabindex="-1">1.4.2 连续定义多个变量 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-2-连续定义多个变量" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.4.2 连续定义多个变量&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>为了让程序的书写更加简洁，C 语言支持多个变量的连续定义，如下所示：</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> a,b,c;</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">float</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> m</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">3.14</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">,n</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">4.14</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 连续定义的多个变量以逗号<code>,</code>分隔，并且要拥有相同的数据类型。变量可以初始化，也可以不初始化。</li><li>② 很多 C 语言程序员喜欢这么写；但是，本人不是很喜欢，因为连续定义可能会导致代码的可读性降低，特别是在声明时变量之间用逗号分隔，容易导致混淆。</li></ul></div><h3 id="_1-4-3-数据的长度" tabindex="-1">1.4.3 数据的长度 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-3-数据的长度" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.4.3 数据的长度&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>所谓数据长度，就是指的是数据占用多少个字节。占用的字节越多，能存储的数据就越多；对于数字而言，值就会越大。反之，能存储的数字就有限。</li><li>多个数据在内存中是连续存储的，彼此之间是没有明显的界限的。如果不指明数据的长度，那么计算机就不知道何时才能存取结束。假设我们保存了一个整数 1000 ，它占用 4 个字节的内存，而读取它的时候却读取了 3 个字节或5 个字节；那么，显示是不正确的。</li><li>所以，在定义变量的时候还要指明数据的长度，而这恰恰是数据类型的另外一个作用，即：<code>数据类型除了指明数据的解释方式，还指明了数据的长度</code>。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>总结：在 C 语言中，每一种数据类型所占用的字节数都是固定的，知道了数据类型，也就知道了数据的长度。</p></div><ul><li>在 32 位环境中，各种数据类型的长度，如下所示：</li></ul><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th>数据类型</th><th>长度（字节）</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>char</code></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td><code>short</code></td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td><code>int</code></td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td><code>long</code></td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td><code>long long</code></td><td>8</td></tr><tr><td><code>float</code></td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td><code>double</code></td><td>8</td></tr><tr><td><code>long double</code></td><td>8</td></tr><tr><td><code>pointer</code>（指针）</td><td>4</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① C 语言有多少种数据类型，每种数据类型长度是多少、该如何使用，这是每一位 C 程序员都必须要掌握的。</li><li>② 当然，不必担心，后续还会一一讲解的。</li></ul></div><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><ul><li>① 数据类型只需要在定义变量时指明，而且必须指明。</li><li>② 使用变量时无需再指明，因为此时的数据类型已经确定了。</li></ul></div><h2 id="_1-5-从计算机底层看变量" tabindex="-1">1.5 从计算机底层看变量 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-5-从计算机底层看变量" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.5 从计算机底层看变量&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="_1-5-1-内存条的内部结构" tabindex="-1">1.5.1 内存条的内部结构 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-5-1-内存条的内部结构" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.5.1 内存条的内部结构&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>如果只看内存条的外观，无非就是一些集成电路和颗粒而已，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="`+t+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>并且，我们只需要将内存条插入到计算机主板对应的内存条插槽上，就可以正常工作，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="'+p+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>在家用的台式机主板上，通常有 4 个插槽或 2 个插槽，例如：本人的计算机就支持 4 个插槽，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="'+h+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 上图中的外形规格是 DIMM，所以我们通常也以 DIMM 也表示内存条。</li><li>② DIMM 是内存条的物理形式，安装在主板的内存插槽中。</li><li>③ 常见的 DIMM 类型包括 UDIMM（非缓冲 DIMM）、RDIMM（缓冲 DIMM）和 LRDIMM（负载减少DIMM）。</li></ul></div><ul><li>我们可以通过 <a href="https://www.cpuid.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">CPU-Z</a> 这个软件，查看 CPU 的一些指标信息，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="'+d+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 通过 CPU-Z 表明本人的台式机是支持双通道的，<code>channel</code> 在<code>计算机</code>中可以<code>翻译</code>为<code>信道</code>或<code>通道</code>。</li><li>② 通道是内存控制器与内存模块之间的通信路径。</li><li>③ 多通道内存可以提高数据传输带宽。例如：双通道内存系统同时使用两个通道来传输数据，从而提高性能。</li><li>④ 现代主板通常支持双通道（Dual Channel）、四通道（Quad Channel）甚至八通道（Octa Channel）。</li></ul></div><ul><li>对于家用台式机而言，如果将内存条的插槽从左到右依次编号，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="'+k+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>其中，<code>槽1</code> 和 <code>槽2</code> 是一个通道，<code>槽3</code> 和 <code>槽4</code> 是一个通道；所以，通常是这么建议的： <ul><li>如果只有 1 根内存条，就插到 <code>槽2</code> 中。</li><li>如果有 2 根内存条，就分别插入到 <code>槽2</code> 和 <code>槽4</code> 中。</li><li>如果有 4 根内存条，就全插满即可。</li></ul></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>组成双通道配置的内存条需要遵循一些基本要求来确保它们能够正常以双通道模式运行：</p><ul><li>① <strong>相同容量</strong>：理想情况下，组成双通道的内存条应该具有相同的容量。这样可以确保它们在处理数据时的一致性和兼容性。</li><li>② <strong>匹配的速度规格</strong>：内存条应该具有相同的速度规格，即它们的频率（如：DDR4-2400、DDR4-3200等）应该相同。不同速度的内存条可以一起工作，但系统会以所有内存条中最慢的那个的速度运行。</li><li>③ <strong>相同的时序</strong>：内存条的时序（如：CL16-18-18-38）应该匹配。时序参数影响内存的响应速度和稳定性，不匹配的时序可能会降低性能或导致系统不稳定。</li><li>④ <strong>相同的制造商和型号</strong>（推荐）：虽然不是强制性要求，但选择相同制造商和型号的内存条可以最大限度地减少兼容性问题。不同制造商的内存条可能在微小的规格和性能上有差异，这有可能影响双通道配置的效能。</li></ul></div><ul><li>内存条表面会有内存颗粒，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="'+c+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>上图中的内存条有 8 个内存颗粒；但是，高端服务器上的内存条通常会存在 9 个内存颗粒，最后 1 个内存颗粒专门用来做 ECC 校验。</p></div><ul><li>一个内存条有两面，高端的内存条两面都有内存颗粒，我们将每个面称为 Rank 。那么，如果内存条有两个面，就是存在 Rank0 和 Rank1 ，即：</li></ul><p><img src="'+r+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>内存条表面的黑色颗粒，我们称为 chip（芯片） ，即：</li></ul><p><img src="'+o+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 内存颗粒是内存条上的 DRAM 芯片，每个芯片包含多个存储单元。</li><li>② 内存颗粒存储数据并与内存控制器进行数据交换。</li></ul></div><ul><li>在 chip 中还有 8 个 bank，每个 bank 就是数据存储的实体，这些 bank 组成了一个二维矩阵，只要声明了 column 和 row 就可以从每个 bank 中取出 8bit （1 Bytes）的数据，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="'+u+'" alt="img" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>综上所示，内存条的分层结构就是 <code>Channel &gt; DIMM &gt; Rank -&gt; Chip -&gt; Bank -&gt; Row/Column</code>。</li></ul><h3 id="_1-5-2-变量的作用" tabindex="-1">1.5.2 变量的作用 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-5-2-变量的作用" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.5.2 变量的作用&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>如果我们希望计算 10 和 20 的和；那么，在计算机中需要怎么做？</p><ul><li>① 首先，计算 10 和 20 的运算，一定在 CPU 中进行，因为在计算机中的各个部件中，只有 CPU 有运算器（ALU）。</li><li>② 其次，我们需要将 10 和 20 交给 CPU ；由于 CPU 只能和内存进行交互，那么我们必须将 10 和 20 存储到内存中。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>即使 10 和 20 是存储在文件中的，也需要先加载进内存，然后再交给 CPU 进行运算。</p></div><ul><li>③ 最后，只需要告诉 CPU 做何种运算，如：加、减、乘、除等。</li></ul></li><li><p>其中，最为重要的问题就是如何将数据存储到内存中？答案就是通过<code>变量</code>。</p></li></ul><p><img src="'+E+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>我们知道，计算机底层是使用二进制来表示指令和数据的；但是，如果我们的代码都是这样的，即：</li></ul><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span>0000,0000,000000010000 代表 LOAD A, 16</span></span>
<span class="line"><span>0000,0001,000000000001 代表 LOAD B, 1</span></span>
<span class="line"><span>0001,0001,000000010000 代表 STORE B, 16</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><ul><li>这样，直接使用<code>内存地址</code>来编写代码（机器语言）实现是太难阅读、修改和维护了；于是，我们就使用了汇编语言来编写代码，并通过编译器来将汇编语言翻译为机器语言，即：</li></ul><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span>LOAD A, 16 -- 编译 --&gt; 0000,0000,000000010000</span></span>
<span class="line"><span>LOAD B, 1 -- 编译 --&gt; 0000,0001,000000000001</span></span>

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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">[boot]</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">systemd=true</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">EOF</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/177.FJeffiE3.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>③ 重启 WSL 实例：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">wsl</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --shutdown</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 在 win 中的 cmd 或 PowerShell 执行该命令</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/178.Bee0LcNX.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>④ 查看是否启用成功：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">ps</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -p</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 1</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> comm=</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/179.BDqd1eDo.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-39a288b8 data-v-e257564d><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-e257564d><!----><div class="last-updated" data-v-e257564d><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-e257564d data-v-e98dd255>上次更新: <time datetime="2024-08-27T03:11:14.000Z" data-v-e98dd255></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" aria-labelledby="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d>Pager</span><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link prev" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/00_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>上一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>编程基础</span><!--]--></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link next" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/02_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>下一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>变量和进制</span><!--]--></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-5d98c3a5 data-v-e315a0ad><div class="container" data-v-e315a0ad><p class="message" data-v-e315a0ad>Released under the MIT License.</p><p class="copyright" data-v-e315a0ad>Copyright © 2024 许大仙</p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;c3 = </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">%d\n</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, c3);</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br></div></div><h2 id="_1-4-浅谈变量周边概念" tabindex="-1">1.4 浅谈变量周边概念 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-浅谈变量周边概念" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.4 浅谈变量周边概念&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="_1-4-1-数据类型" tabindex="-1">1.4.1 数据类型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-1-数据类型" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.4.1 数据类型&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>数据是放在内存中的，变量是给这块内存起的名字，有了变量就可以找到并使用这份数据。但是，该如何使用？</li><li>我们知道，对于数字、文字、符号、图形、音频、视频等数据都是以二进制的形式被加载进内存中，进而被计算机中的 CPU 所识别，它们本质上没有任何区别。那么，对于 <code>00010000</code> 这个二进制数字，我们是理解为数字 16 ？还是理解为图像中的某个像素的颜色？如果没有特别指明，我们并不清楚。</li><li>换言之，内存中的数据有多种解释方式；那么，我们在存储之前就必须明确指定，如： <code>int num = 10;</code> 中的 <code>int</code> 就是数据类型，用来限定 <code>num</code> （内存中的某个区域）中存储的是整数，而不是图像中某个像素的颜色。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>总结：</p><ul><li>① 数据类型用来说明数据的类型，确定了数据的解释方式，让计算机和程序员不会产生歧义。</li><li>② C 语言中很多基本的数据类型，如：char、short、int、long 等；如果需要，也可以组成更加复杂的数据类型（后续讲解）。</li></ul></div><h3 id="_1-4-2-连续定义多个变量" tabindex="-1">1.4.2 连续定义多个变量 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-2-连续定义多个变量" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.4.2 连续定义多个变量&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>为了让程序的书写更加简洁，C 语言支持多个变量的连续定义，如下所示：</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> a,b,c;</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">float</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> m</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">3.14</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">,n</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">4.14</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 连续定义的多个变量以逗号<code>,</code>分隔，并且要拥有相同的数据类型。变量可以初始化，也可以不初始化。</li><li>② 很多 C 语言程序员喜欢这么写；但是，本人不是很喜欢，因为连续定义可能会导致代码的可读性降低，特别是在声明时变量之间用逗号分隔，容易导致混淆。</li></ul></div><h3 id="_1-4-3-数据的长度" tabindex="-1">1.4.3 数据的长度 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-3-数据的长度" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.4.3 数据的长度&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>所谓数据长度，就是指的是数据占用多少个字节。占用的字节越多，能存储的数据就越多；对于数字而言，值就会越大。反之，能存储的数字就有限。</li><li>多个数据在内存中是连续存储的，彼此之间是没有明显的界限的。如果不指明数据的长度，那么计算机就不知道何时才能存取结束。假设我们保存了一个整数 1000 ，它占用 4 个字节的内存，而读取它的时候却读取了 3 个字节或5 个字节；那么，显示是不正确的。</li><li>所以，在定义变量的时候还要指明数据的长度，而这恰恰是数据类型的另外一个作用，即：<code>数据类型除了指明数据的解释方式，还指明了数据的长度</code>。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>总结：在 C 语言中，每一种数据类型所占用的字节数都是固定的，知道了数据类型，也就知道了数据的长度。</p></div><ul><li>在 32 位环境中，各种数据类型的长度，如下所示：</li></ul><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th>数据类型</th><th>长度（字节）</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>char</code></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td><code>short</code></td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td><code>int</code></td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td><code>long</code></td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td><code>long long</code></td><td>8</td></tr><tr><td><code>float</code></td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td><code>double</code></td><td>8</td></tr><tr><td><code>long double</code></td><td>8</td></tr><tr><td><code>pointer</code>（指针）</td><td>4</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>C 语言有多少种数据类型，每种数据类型长度是多少、该如何使用，这是每一位 C 程序员都必须要掌握的。当然，不必担心，后续还会一一讲解的。</p></div><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><p>数据类型只需要在定义变量时指明，而且必须指明；使用变量时无需再指明，因为此时的数据类型已经确定了。</p></div><h2 id="_1-5-从计算机底层看变量" tabindex="-1">1.5 从计算机底层看变量 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-5-从计算机底层看变量" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.5 从计算机底层看变量&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="_1-5-1-内存条的内部结构" tabindex="-1">1.5.1 内存条的内部结构 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-5-1-内存条的内部结构" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.5.1 内存条的内部结构&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>如果只看内存条的外观，无非就是一些集成电路和颗粒而已，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/3.6recRAvz.jpeg" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>并且，我们只需要将内存条插入到计算机主板对应的内存条插槽上，就可以正常工作，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/4.DcyDw4rB.jpg" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>在家用的台式机主板上，通常有 4 个插槽或 2 个插槽，例如：本人的计算机就支持 4 个插槽，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/5.q20QOAIA.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 上图中的外形规格是 DIMM，所以我们通常也以 DIMM 也表示内存条。</li><li>② DIMM 是内存条的物理形式，安装在主板的内存插槽中。</li><li>③ 常见的 DIMM 类型包括 UDIMM（非缓冲 DIMM）、RDIMM（缓冲 DIMM）和 LRDIMM（负载减少DIMM）。</li></ul></div><ul><li>我们可以通过 <a href="https://www.cpuid.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">CPU-Z</a> 这个软件，查看 CPU 的一些指标信息，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/6.CmrWpBzQ.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 通过 CPU-Z 表明本人的台式机是支持双通道的，<code>channel</code> 在<code>计算机</code>中可以<code>翻译</code>为<code>信道</code>或<code>通道</code>。</li><li>② 通道是内存控制器与内存模块之间的通信路径。</li><li>③ 多通道内存可以提高数据传输带宽。例如：双通道内存系统同时使用两个通道来传输数据，从而提高性能。</li><li>④ 现代主板通常支持双通道（Dual Channel）、四通道（Quad Channel）甚至八通道（Octa Channel）。</li></ul></div><ul><li>对于家用台式机而言，如果将内存条的插槽从左到右依次编号，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/7.CocAjZjO.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>其中，<code>槽1</code> 和 <code>槽2</code> 是一个通道，<code>槽3</code> 和 <code>槽4</code> 是一个通道；所以，通常是这么建议的： <ul><li>如果只有 1 根内存条，就插到 <code>槽2</code> 中。</li><li>如果有 2 根内存条，就分别插入到 <code>槽2</code> 和 <code>槽4</code> 中。</li><li>如果有 4 根内存条，就全插满即可。</li></ul></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>组成双通道配置的内存条需要遵循一些基本要求来确保它们能够正常以双通道模式运行：</p><ul><li>① <strong>相同容量</strong>：理想情况下，组成双通道的内存条应该具有相同的容量。这样可以确保它们在处理数据时的一致性和兼容性。</li><li>② <strong>匹配的速度规格</strong>：内存条应该具有相同的速度规格，即它们的频率（如：DDR4-2400、DDR4-3200等）应该相同。不同速度的内存条可以一起工作，但系统会以所有内存条中最慢的那个的速度运行。</li><li>③ <strong>相同的时序</strong>：内存条的时序（如：CL16-18-18-38）应该匹配。时序参数影响内存的响应速度和稳定性，不匹配的时序可能会降低性能或导致系统不稳定。</li><li>④ <strong>相同的制造商和型号</strong>（推荐）：虽然不是强制性要求，但选择相同制造商和型号的内存条可以最大限度地减少兼容性问题。不同制造商的内存条可能在微小的规格和性能上有差异，这有可能影响双通道配置的效能。</li></ul></div><ul><li>内存条表面会有内存颗粒，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/8.CHZSlb-7.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>上图中的内存条有 8 个内存颗粒；但是，高端服务器上的内存条通常会存在 9 个内存颗粒，最后 1 个内存颗粒专门用来做 ECC 校验。</p></div><ul><li>一个内存条有两面，高端的内存条两面都有内存颗粒，我们将每个面称为 Rank 。那么，如果内存条有两个面，就是存在 Rank0 和 Rank1 ，即：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/9.RD2M_pYn.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>内存条表面的黑色颗粒，我们称为 chip（芯片） ，即：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/10.CmNKK_Ug.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 内存颗粒是内存条上的 DRAM 芯片，每个芯片包含多个存储单元。</li><li>② 内存颗粒存储数据并与内存控制器进行数据交换。</li></ul></div><ul><li>在 chip 中还有 8 个 bank，每个 bank 就是数据存储的实体，这些 bank 组成了一个二维矩阵，只要声明了 column 和 row 就可以从每个 bank 中取出 8bit （1 Bytes）的数据，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/11.CbGZ55Dj.png" alt="img" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>综上所示，内存条的分层结构就是 <code>Channel &gt; DIMM &gt; Rank -&gt; Chip -&gt; Bank -&gt; Row/Column</code>。</li></ul><h3 id="_1-5-2-变量的作用" tabindex="-1">1.5.2 变量的作用 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-5-2-变量的作用" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.5.2 变量的作用&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>如果我们希望计算 10 和 20 的和；那么，在计算机中需要怎么做？</p><ul><li>① 首先，计算 10 和 20 的运算，一定在 CPU 中进行，因为在计算机中的各个部件中，只有 CPU 有运算器（ALU）。</li><li>② 其次，我们需要将 10 和 20 交给 CPU ；由于 CPU 只能和内存进行交互，那么我们必须将 10 和 20 存储到内存中。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>即使 10 和 20 是存储在文件中的，也需要先加载进内存，然后再交给 CPU 进行运算。</p></div><ul><li>③ 最后，只需要告诉 CPU 做何种运算，如：加、减、乘、除等。</li></ul></li><li><p>其中，最为重要的问题就是如何将数据存储到内存中？答案就是通过<code>变量</code>。</p></li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/12.DpTBR420.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>我们知道，计算机底层是使用二进制来表示指令和数据的；但是，如果我们的代码都是这样的，即：</li></ul><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span>0000,0000,000000010000 代表 LOAD A, 16</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br></div></div><h2 id="_1-4-浅谈变量周边概念" tabindex="-1">1.4 浅谈变量周边概念 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-浅谈变量周边概念" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.4 浅谈变量周边概念&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="_1-4-1-数据类型" tabindex="-1">1.4.1 数据类型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-1-数据类型" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.4.1 数据类型&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>数据是放在内存中的，变量是给这块内存起的名字，有了变量就可以找到并使用这份数据。但是，该如何使用？</li><li>我们知道，对于数字、文字、符号、图形、音频、视频等数据都是以二进制的形式被加载进内存中，进而被计算机中的 CPU 所识别，它们本质上没有任何区别。那么，对于 <code>00010000</code> 这个二进制数字，我们是理解为数字 16 ？还是理解为图像中的某个像素的颜色？如果没有特别指明，我们并不清楚。</li><li>换言之，内存中的数据有多种解释方式；那么，我们在存储之前就必须明确指定，如： <code>int num = 10;</code> 中的 <code>int</code> 就是数据类型，用来限定 <code>num</code> （内存中的某个区域）中存储的是整数，而不是图像中某个像素的颜色。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>总结：</p><ul><li>① 数据类型用来说明数据的类型，确定了数据的解释方式，让计算机和程序员不会产生歧义。</li><li>② C 语言中很多基本的数据类型，如：char、short、int、long 等；如果需要，也可以组成更加复杂的数据类型（后续讲解）。</li></ul></div><h3 id="_1-4-2-连续定义多个变量" tabindex="-1">1.4.2 连续定义多个变量 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-2-连续定义多个变量" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.4.2 连续定义多个变量&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>为了让程序的书写更加简洁，C 语言支持多个变量的连续定义，如下所示：</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> a,b,c;</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">float</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> m</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">3.14</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">,n</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">4.14</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 连续定义的多个变量以逗号<code>,</code>分隔，并且要拥有相同的数据类型。变量可以初始化，也可以不初始化。</li><li>② 很多 C 语言程序员喜欢这么写；但是，本人不是很喜欢，因为连续定义可能会导致代码的可读性降低，特别是在声明时变量之间用逗号分隔，容易导致混淆。</li></ul></div><h3 id="_1-4-3-数据的长度" tabindex="-1">1.4.3 数据的长度 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-3-数据的长度" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.4.3 数据的长度&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>所谓数据长度，就是指的是数据占用多少个字节。占用的字节越多，能存储的数据就越多；对于数字而言，值就会越大。反之，能存储的数字就有限。</li><li>多个数据在内存中是连续存储的，彼此之间是没有明显的界限的。如果不指明数据的长度，那么计算机就不知道何时才能存取结束。假设我们保存了一个整数 1000 ，它占用 4 个字节的内存，而读取它的时候却读取了 3 个字节或5 个字节；那么，显示是不正确的。</li><li>所以，在定义变量的时候还要指明数据的长度，而这恰恰是数据类型的另外一个作用，即：<code>数据类型除了指明数据的解释方式，还指明了数据的长度</code>。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>总结：在 C 语言中，每一种数据类型所占用的字节数都是固定的，知道了数据类型，也就知道了数据的长度。</p></div><ul><li>在 32 位环境中，各种数据类型的长度，如下所示：</li></ul><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th>数据类型</th><th>长度（字节）</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>char</code></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td><code>short</code></td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td><code>int</code></td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td><code>long</code></td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td><code>long long</code></td><td>8</td></tr><tr><td><code>float</code></td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td><code>double</code></td><td>8</td></tr><tr><td><code>long double</code></td><td>8</td></tr><tr><td><code>pointer</code>（指针）</td><td>4</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① C 语言有多少种数据类型，每种数据类型长度是多少、该如何使用，这是每一位 C 程序员都必须要掌握的。</li><li>② 当然，不必担心，后续还会一一讲解的。</li></ul></div><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><ul><li>① 数据类型只需要在定义变量时指明，而且必须指明。</li><li>② 使用变量时无需再指明，因为此时的数据类型已经确定了。</li></ul></div><h2 id="_1-5-从计算机底层看变量" tabindex="-1">1.5 从计算机底层看变量 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-5-从计算机底层看变量" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.5 从计算机底层看变量&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="_1-5-1-内存条的内部结构" tabindex="-1">1.5.1 内存条的内部结构 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-5-1-内存条的内部结构" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.5.1 内存条的内部结构&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>如果只看内存条的外观，无非就是一些集成电路和颗粒而已，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/3.6recRAvz.jpeg" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>并且，我们只需要将内存条插入到计算机主板对应的内存条插槽上，就可以正常工作，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/4.DcyDw4rB.jpg" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>在家用的台式机主板上，通常有 4 个插槽或 2 个插槽，例如：本人的计算机就支持 4 个插槽，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/5.q20QOAIA.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 上图中的外形规格是 DIMM，所以我们通常也以 DIMM 也表示内存条。</li><li>② DIMM 是内存条的物理形式，安装在主板的内存插槽中。</li><li>③ 常见的 DIMM 类型包括 UDIMM（非缓冲 DIMM）、RDIMM（缓冲 DIMM）和 LRDIMM（负载减少DIMM）。</li></ul></div><ul><li>我们可以通过 <a href="https://www.cpuid.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">CPU-Z</a> 这个软件，查看 CPU 的一些指标信息，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/6.CmrWpBzQ.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 通过 CPU-Z 表明本人的台式机是支持双通道的，<code>channel</code> 在<code>计算机</code>中可以<code>翻译</code>为<code>信道</code>或<code>通道</code>。</li><li>② 通道是内存控制器与内存模块之间的通信路径。</li><li>③ 多通道内存可以提高数据传输带宽。例如：双通道内存系统同时使用两个通道来传输数据，从而提高性能。</li><li>④ 现代主板通常支持双通道（Dual Channel）、四通道（Quad Channel）甚至八通道（Octa Channel）。</li></ul></div><ul><li>对于家用台式机而言，如果将内存条的插槽从左到右依次编号，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/7.CocAjZjO.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>其中，<code>槽1</code> 和 <code>槽2</code> 是一个通道，<code>槽3</code> 和 <code>槽4</code> 是一个通道；所以，通常是这么建议的： <ul><li>如果只有 1 根内存条，就插到 <code>槽2</code> 中。</li><li>如果有 2 根内存条，就分别插入到 <code>槽2</code> 和 <code>槽4</code> 中。</li><li>如果有 4 根内存条，就全插满即可。</li></ul></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>组成双通道配置的内存条需要遵循一些基本要求来确保它们能够正常以双通道模式运行：</p><ul><li>① <strong>相同容量</strong>：理想情况下，组成双通道的内存条应该具有相同的容量。这样可以确保它们在处理数据时的一致性和兼容性。</li><li>② <strong>匹配的速度规格</strong>：内存条应该具有相同的速度规格，即它们的频率（如：DDR4-2400、DDR4-3200等）应该相同。不同速度的内存条可以一起工作，但系统会以所有内存条中最慢的那个的速度运行。</li><li>③ <strong>相同的时序</strong>：内存条的时序（如：CL16-18-18-38）应该匹配。时序参数影响内存的响应速度和稳定性，不匹配的时序可能会降低性能或导致系统不稳定。</li><li>④ <strong>相同的制造商和型号</strong>（推荐）：虽然不是强制性要求，但选择相同制造商和型号的内存条可以最大限度地减少兼容性问题。不同制造商的内存条可能在微小的规格和性能上有差异，这有可能影响双通道配置的效能。</li></ul></div><ul><li>内存条表面会有内存颗粒，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/8.CHZSlb-7.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>上图中的内存条有 8 个内存颗粒；但是，高端服务器上的内存条通常会存在 9 个内存颗粒，最后 1 个内存颗粒专门用来做 ECC 校验。</p></div><ul><li>一个内存条有两面，高端的内存条两面都有内存颗粒，我们将每个面称为 Rank 。那么，如果内存条有两个面，就是存在 Rank0 和 Rank1 ，即：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/9.RD2M_pYn.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>内存条表面的黑色颗粒，我们称为 chip（芯片） ，即：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/10.CmNKK_Ug.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 内存颗粒是内存条上的 DRAM 芯片，每个芯片包含多个存储单元。</li><li>② 内存颗粒存储数据并与内存控制器进行数据交换。</li></ul></div><ul><li>在 chip 中还有 8 个 bank，每个 bank 就是数据存储的实体，这些 bank 组成了一个二维矩阵，只要声明了 column 和 row 就可以从每个 bank 中取出 8bit （1 Bytes）的数据，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/11.CbGZ55Dj.png" alt="img" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>综上所示，内存条的分层结构就是 <code>Channel &gt; DIMM &gt; Rank -&gt; Chip -&gt; Bank -&gt; Row/Column</code>。</li></ul><h3 id="_1-5-2-变量的作用" tabindex="-1">1.5.2 变量的作用 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-5-2-变量的作用" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.5.2 变量的作用&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>如果我们希望计算 10 和 20 的和；那么，在计算机中需要怎么做？</p><ul><li>① 首先，计算 10 和 20 的运算，一定在 CPU 中进行，因为在计算机中的各个部件中，只有 CPU 有运算器（ALU）。</li><li>② 其次，我们需要将 10 和 20 交给 CPU ；由于 CPU 只能和内存进行交互，那么我们必须将 10 和 20 存储到内存中。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>即使 10 和 20 是存储在文件中的，也需要先加载进内存，然后再交给 CPU 进行运算。</p></div><ul><li>③ 最后，只需要告诉 CPU 做何种运算，如：加、减、乘、除等。</li></ul></li><li><p>其中，最为重要的问题就是如何将数据存储到内存中？答案就是通过<code>变量</code>。</p></li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/12.DpTBR420.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>我们知道，计算机底层是使用二进制来表示指令和数据的；但是，如果我们的代码都是这样的，即：</li></ul><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span>0000,0000,000000010000 代表 LOAD A, 16</span></span>
<span class="line"><span>0000,0001,000000000001 代表 LOAD B, 1</span></span>
<span class="line"><span>0001,0001,000000010000 代表 STORE B, 16</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><ul><li>这样，直接使用<code>内存地址</code>来编写代码（机器语言）实现是太难阅读、修改和维护了；于是，我们就使用了汇编语言来编写代码，并通过编译器来将汇编语言翻译为机器语言，即：</li></ul><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span>LOAD A, 16 -- 编译 --&gt; 0000,0000,000000010000</span></span>
<span class="line"><span>LOAD B, 1 -- 编译 --&gt; 0000,0001,000000000001</span></span>
@ -292,8 +292,8 @@
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;b=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">%u\n</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, num);</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> // b=4294967286</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br></div></div><ul><li>其实，C 语言的底层逻辑很简单，C 语言压根不关心你定义的是有符号数还是无符号数，它只关心内存（如果定义的是有符号数，那就按照有符号数的规则来存储；如果定义的是无符号数，那就按照无符号数的规则来存储）。换言之，有符号数可以按照无符号数的规则来输出，无符号数也可以按照有符号数的规则来输出，至于输出结果对不对，那是程序员的事情，和 C 语言没有任何关系。</li></ul><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><ul><li>① 实际开发中，<code>printf</code> 函数中的常量、变量或表达式，需要和格式占位符一一对应；否则，将会出现数据错误的现象。</li><li>② 正因为上述的原因，很多现代化的编程语言，如：Java 等，直接取消了无符号的概念。但是，很多数据库是使用 C 语言开发的，如：MySQL 等，就提供了创建数据表的字段为无符号类型的功能，即：<code>UNSIGNED</code>（正整数） ，不要感觉困惑！！！</li><li>③ 对于 <code>1000 0000 …… 0000 0000</code> 这个特殊的补码，无法按照上述的方法转换为原码，所以计算机直接规定这个补码对应的值就是 <code>-2³¹</code>，至于为什么，下节我们会详细分析。</li></ul></div></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-39a288b8 data-v-e257564d><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-e257564d><!----><div class="last-updated" data-v-e257564d><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-e257564d data-v-e98dd255>上次更新: <time datetime="2024-08-26T06:06:37.000Z" data-v-e98dd255></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" aria-labelledby="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d>Pager</span><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link prev" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/01_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>上一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>C 语言入门</span><!--]--></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link next" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/03_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>下一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>数据类型和运算符</span><!--]--></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-5d98c3a5 data-v-e315a0ad><div class="container" data-v-e315a0ad><p class="message" data-v-e315a0ad>Released under the MIT License.</p><p class="copyright" data-v-e315a0ad>Copyright © 2024 许大仙</p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br></div></div><ul><li>其实，C 语言的底层逻辑很简单，C 语言压根不关心你定义的是有符号数还是无符号数，它只关心内存（如果定义的是有符号数，那就按照有符号数的规则来存储；如果定义的是无符号数，那就按照无符号数的规则来存储）。换言之，有符号数可以按照无符号数的规则来输出，无符号数也可以按照有符号数的规则来输出，至于输出结果对不对，那是程序员的事情，和 C 语言没有任何关系。</li></ul><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><ul><li>① 实际开发中，<code>printf</code> 函数中的常量、变量或表达式，需要和格式占位符一一对应；否则，将会出现数据错误的现象。</li><li>② 正因为上述的原因，很多现代化的编程语言，如：Java 等，直接取消了无符号的概念。但是，很多数据库是使用 C 语言开发的，如：MySQL 等，就提供了创建数据表的字段为无符号类型的功能，即：<code>UNSIGNED</code>（正整数） ，不要感觉困惑！！！</li><li>③ 对于 <code>1000 0000 …… 0000 0000</code> 这个特殊的补码，无法按照上述的方法转换为原码，所以计算机直接规定这个补码对应的值就是 <code>-2³¹</code>，至于为什么，下节我们会详细分析。</li></ul></div></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-39a288b8 data-v-e257564d><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-e257564d><!----><div class="last-updated" data-v-e257564d><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-e257564d data-v-e98dd255>上次更新: <time datetime="2024-08-27T09:23:39.000Z" data-v-e98dd255></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" aria-labelledby="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d>Pager</span><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link prev" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/01_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>上一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>C 语言入门</span><!--]--></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link next" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/03_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>下一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>数据类型和运算符</span><!--]--></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-5d98c3a5 data-v-e315a0ad><div class="container" data-v-e315a0ad><p class="message" data-v-e315a0ad>Released under the MIT License.</p><p class="copyright" data-v-e315a0ad>Copyright © 2024 许大仙</p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br></div></div><ul><li>像 <code>&quot;我&quot;</code>、<code>&quot;爱你&quot;</code>、<code>&quot;你&quot;</code>、<code>&quot;是好人&quot;</code>就是需要被处理的窄字符串，当程序运行的时候，它们会被加载进内存。并且，这些字符串中是包含中文的，所以一定不会使用 ASCII 编码。</li><li>其实，对于代码中需要被处理的窄字符串，不同的编译器差别还是挺大的： <ul><li>微软的 MSVC 编译器使用本地编码来保存这些字符。对于简体中文版的 Windows，使用的是 GBK 编码。</li><li>GCC、LLVM/Clang 编译器使用和源文件相同的编码来保存这些字符：如果源文件使用的是 UTF-8 编码，那么这些字符也使用 UTF-8 编码；如果源文件使用的是 GBK 编码，那么这些字符也使用 GBK 编码。</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="_3-3-4-总结" tabindex="-1">3.3.4 总结 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-3-4-总结" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.3.4 总结&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>① 对于 <code>char</code> 类型的窄字符，在 C 语言中，使用的是 <code>ASCII</code> 编码。</li><li>② 对于 <code>wchar_t</code> 类型的<code>宽字符</code>和<code>宽字符串</code>，在 C 语言中，使用的 <code>UTF-16</code> 编码或者 <code>UTF-32</code> 编码，它们都是基于 Unicode 字符集的。</li><li>③ 对于 <code>char</code> 类型的<code>窄字符串</code>，微软的 MSVC 编译器使用本地编码，GCC、LLVM/Clang 使用和源文件编码相同的编码。</li><li>④ 处理窄字符和处理宽字符使用的函数也不一样，如下所示： <ul><li><code>&lt;stdio.h&gt;</code> 头文件中的 <code>putchar</code>、<code>puts</code>、<code>printf</code> 函数只能用来处理窄字符。</li><li><code>&lt;wchar.h&gt;</code> 头文件中的 <code>putwchar</code>、<code>wprintf</code> 函数只能用来处理宽字符。</li></ul></li></ul><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><ul><li>① C 语言作为一门较为底层和古老的语言，对于字符的处理，之所以有这么多种方式，是因为历史遗留的原因和早期计算机资源有限的背景密切相关。</li><li>② 现代化的编程语言，如：C++ 、Java、Python 等都对字符串处理进行了改进和抽象，如：C++ 中的 <code>std::string</code> 和 Java 中的 <code>String</code>。并且，现代编程语言通常会自动管理内存，这样开发者就不需要手动处理字符串的内存分配和释放，从而减少了内存泄漏和缓冲区溢出等问题。当然，现代编程语言通常内置了对各种字符编码的支持，能够方便地处理不同语言的字符，如：Java 的 <code>String</code> 类和 Python 的 <code>str</code> 类型都默认支持 Unicode，可以轻松处理中文等多字节字符。</li></ul></div><h3 id="_3-3-5-编码字符集和运行字符集" tabindex="-1">3.3.5 编码字符集和运行字符集 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-3-5-编码字符集和运行字符集" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.3.5 编码字符集和运行字符集&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>源文件使用的字符集，通常称为<code>编码字符集</code>，即：写代码的时候所使用的字符集。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>源文件需要保存到硬盘，或者在网络上传输，使用的编码要尽量节省存储空间，同时要方便跨国交流，所以一般使用 UTF-8，这就是选择编码字符集的标准。</p></div><ul><li>程序中的字符或者字符串使用的字符集，通常称为<code>运行字符集</code>，即：程序运行时所使用的字符集。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>程序中的字符或者字符串，在程序运行后必须被载入到内存，才能进行后续的处理，对于这些字符来说，要尽量选用能够提高处理速度的编码，如：UTF-16 和 UTF-32 编码就能够快速定位（查找）字符。</p></div><ul><li><code>编码字符集</code>是站在<code>存储</code>和<code>传输</code>的角度，而<code>运行字符集</code>是站在<code>处理</code>或者<code>操作</code>的角度，所以它们并不一定相同。</li></ul></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-39a288b8 data-v-e257564d><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-e257564d><!----><div class="last-updated" data-v-e257564d><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-e257564d data-v-e98dd255>上次更新: <time datetime="2024-08-27T06:59:36.000Z" data-v-e98dd255></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" aria-labelledby="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d>Pager</span><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link prev" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/02_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>上一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>变量和进制</span><!--]--></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link next" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/04_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>下一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>大话小数</span><!--]--></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-5d98c3a5 data-v-e315a0ad><div class="container" data-v-e315a0ad><p class="message" data-v-e315a0ad>Released under the MIT License.</p><p class="copyright" data-v-e315a0ad>Copyright © 2024 许大仙</p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/03_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>数据类型和运算符</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/04_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>大话小数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/05_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>流程控制</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/06_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>数组</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/07_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>指针</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/08_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/09_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>预处理器</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/10_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>自定义数据类型</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/11_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>内存管理</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/12_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>文件操作</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-basic/13_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>调试工具和调试技巧（gdb和make）</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/14_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>常用库函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C 语言高级</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-advance/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>变量和内存分布</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-advance/02_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>指针强化</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-advance/03_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>结构体和文件的高级用法</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-advance/04_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>链表和回调函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-advance/05_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>编译过程和面向接口</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>项目构建工具</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><section class="VPSidebarItem level-1 collapsible collapsed" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h3 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>meson</h3><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-2 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/03_build/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>meson 入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section><section class="VPSidebarItem level-1 collapsible collapsed" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h3 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Cmake</h3><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-2 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/03_build/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Cmake 入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/03_build/01_${commonDirectoryName}/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Conan </p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><section class="VPSidebarItem level-1 collapsible collapsed" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h3 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Gradle</h3><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-2 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/03_build/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Gradle 入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Linux</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/04_linux/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Linux 初识和安装</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 基础</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/02_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>变量、数据类型、运算符</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/03_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>流程控制</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/04_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>数组</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/05_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>指针</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/06_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/07_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>自定义数据类型</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/08_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>类和对象</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/09_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 引用</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/10_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>继承和派生</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/11_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 多态和虚函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/12_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>运算符重载</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/13_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>模板</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/14_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 异常</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/15_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>面向对象进阶</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/16_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>文件操作和 IO 流</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/17_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>STL（标准模板库）</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><div class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 高级</p><!----></div><!----></div></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><div class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>QT 桌面开发</p><!----></div><!----></div></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><div class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Linux 高并发服务器开发</p><!----></div><!----></div></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-5d98c3a5 data-v-1428d186><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-1428d186 data-v-39a288b8><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-39a288b8><div class="aside" data-v-39a288b8><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-39a288b8></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-39a288b8><div class="aside-content" data-v-39a288b8><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-39a288b8 data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" class="VPDocAsideOutline" data-v-3f215769 data-v-a5bbad30><div class="content" data-v-a5bbad30><div class="outline-marker" data-v-a5bbad30></div><div aria-level="2" class="outline-title" id="doc-outline-aria-label" role="heading" data-v-a5bbad30>目录</div><ul class="VPDocOutlineItem root" data-v-a5bbad30 data-v-b933a997><!--[--><!--]--></ul></div></nav><!--[--><!--]--><div 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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-39a288b8 data-v-e257564d><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-e257564d><!----><div class="last-updated" data-v-e257564d><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-e257564d data-v-e98dd255>上次更新: <time datetime="2024-08-27T03:11:14.000Z" data-v-e98dd255></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" aria-labelledby="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d>Pager</span><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link prev" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/04_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>上一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>大话小数</span><!--]--></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link next" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/06_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>下一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>数组</span><!--]--></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-5d98c3a5 data-v-e315a0ad><div class="container" data-v-e315a0ad><p class="message" data-v-e315a0ad>Released under the MIT License.</p><p class="copyright" data-v-e315a0ad>Copyright © 2024 许大仙</p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br></div></div><div class="warning custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">WARNING</p><p></p><p>在上述示例中，<code>arr</code> 和 <code>&amp;arr</code> 的值是一样的，但是对应的含义是不同的。</p><ul><li>① <code>arr</code> 是数组名，在大多数情况下会转换为数组第一个元素的地址，即：<code>arr</code> 等价于 <code>&amp;arr[0]</code>，其数据类型是 <code>int *</code>。</li><li>② <code>&amp;arr</code>是数组名的地址，即整个数组的地址，它指向数组本身，并不是数组第一个元素的地址，<code>&amp;arr</code> 的数据类型是 <code>int(*)[3]</code>。</li></ul></div></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-39a288b8 data-v-e257564d><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-e257564d><!----><div class="last-updated" data-v-e257564d><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-e257564d data-v-e98dd255>上次更新: <time datetime="2024-08-27T03:11:14.000Z" data-v-e98dd255></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" aria-labelledby="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d>Pager</span><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link prev" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/05_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>上一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>流程控制</span><!--]--></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link next" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/07_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>下一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>指针</span><!--]--></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-5d98c3a5 data-v-e315a0ad><div class="container" data-v-e315a0ad><p class="message" data-v-e315a0ad>Released under the MIT License.</p><p class="copyright" data-v-e315a0ad>Copyright © 2024 许大仙</p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Address of array: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">%p\n</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;">arr</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">);</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> // 返回整个数组的地址</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Address of pointer: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">%p\n</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;">ptr</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">);</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> // 返回指针变量ptr的地址</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div></li></ol><p>综上所述，通过这些示例和解释，可以看出数组名虽然在某些场合下可以像指针一样使用，但它并不是一个真正的指针变量，而是一个常量，表示数组的首地址。</p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-39a288b8 data-v-e257564d><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-e257564d><!----><div class="last-updated" data-v-e257564d><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-e257564d data-v-e98dd255>上次更新: <time datetime="2024-08-27T03:11:14.000Z" data-v-e98dd255></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" aria-labelledby="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d>Pager</span><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link prev" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/06_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>上一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>数组</span><!--]--></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link next" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/08_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>下一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>函数</span><!--]--></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-5d98c3a5 data-v-e315a0ad><div class="container" data-v-e315a0ad><p class="message" data-v-e315a0ad>Released under the MIT License.</p><p class="copyright" data-v-e315a0ad>Copyright © 2024 许大仙</p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>预处理器</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/10_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>自定义数据类型</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/11_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>内存管理</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/12_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>文件操作</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-basic/13_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>调试工具和调试技巧（gdb和make）</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/14_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>常用库函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h2 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level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>项目构建工具</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><section class="VPSidebarItem level-1 collapsible collapsed" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h3 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>meson</h3><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-2 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/03_build/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>meson 入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section><section class="VPSidebarItem level-1 collapsible collapsed" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h3 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Cmake</h3><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-2 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/03_build/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Cmake 入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/03_build/01_${commonDirectoryName}/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Conan </p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><section class="VPSidebarItem level-1 collapsible collapsed" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h3 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Gradle</h3><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-2 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/03_build/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Gradle 入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Linux</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/04_linux/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Linux 初识和安装</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 基础</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/02_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>变量、数据类型、运算符</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/03_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>流程控制</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/04_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>数组</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/05_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>指针</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/06_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/07_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>自定义数据类型</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/08_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>类和对象</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/09_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 引用</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/10_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>继承和派生</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/11_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 多态和虚函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/12_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>运算符重载</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/13_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>模板</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/14_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 异常</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/15_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>面向对象进阶</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/16_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>文件操作和 IO 流</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/17_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>STL（标准模板库）</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><div class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 高级</p><!----></div><!----></div></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><div class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>QT 桌面开发</p><!----></div><!----></div></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><div class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Linux 高并发服务器开发</p><!----></div><!----></div></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-5d98c3a5 data-v-1428d186><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-1428d186 data-v-39a288b8><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-39a288b8><div class="aside" data-v-39a288b8><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-39a288b8></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-39a288b8><div class="aside-content" data-v-39a288b8><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-39a288b8 data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" class="VPDocAsideOutline" data-v-3f215769 data-v-a5bbad30><div class="content" data-v-a5bbad30><div class="outline-marker" data-v-a5bbad30></div><div aria-level="2" class="outline-title" id="doc-outline-aria-label" role="heading" data-v-a5bbad30>目录</div><ul class="VPDocOutlineItem root" data-v-a5bbad30 data-v-b933a997><!--[--><!--]--></ul></div></nav><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-39a288b8><div class="content-container" data-v-39a288b8><!--[--><!--]--><main class="main" data-v-39a288b8><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _c_notes_about_" data-v-39a288b8><div><h3 id="后端技术栈" tabindex="-1">后端技术栈 <a class="header-anchor" href="#后端技术栈" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;后端技术栈&quot;">​</a></h3><p><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-Spring-6DB33F?logo=Spring&amp;logoColor=FFF" alt="Spring" style="display:inline-block;">  <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-Spring%20Boot-6DB33F?logo=Spring-Boot&amp;logoColor=FFF" alt="Spring Boot" style="display:inline-block;">  <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-MySQL-4479A1?logo=MySQL&amp;logoColor=FFF" alt="MySQL" style="display:inline-block;">  <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-MariaDB-A9A9A9?logo=MariaDB&amp;logoColor=003545" alt="MariaDB" style="display:inline-block;">  <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-PostgreSQL-C0C0C0?logo=PostgreSQL&amp;logoColor=4169E1" alt="PostgreSQL" style="display:inline-block;">  <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-Oracle-C0C0C0?logo=Oracle&amp;logoColor=F80000" alt="Oracle" style="display:inline-block;">  <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-Microsoft%20SQL%20Server-D3D3D3?logo=Microsoft-SQL-Server&amp;logoColor=CC2927" alt="Microsoft SQL Server" style="display:inline-block;">  <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-Redis-DC382D?logo=Redis&amp;logoColor=FFF" alt="Redis" style="display:inline-block;">  <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-MongoDB-47A248?logo=MongoDB&amp;logoColor=FFF" alt="MongoDB" style="display:inline-block;">  <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-RabbitMQ-FF6600?logo=RabbitMQ&amp;logoColor=FFF" alt="RabbitMQ" style="display:inline-block;">  <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-Solr-D9411E?logo=Apache-Solr&amp;logoColor=FFF" alt="Solr" style="display:inline-block;">  <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-ElasticSearch-005571?logo=ElasticSearch&amp;logoColor=FFF" alt="ElasticSearch" style="display:inline-block;">  <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-Logstash-A9A9A9?logo=Logstash&amp;logoColor=005571" alt="Logstash" style="display:inline-block;">  <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-Kibana-A9A9A9?logo=Kibana&amp;logoColor=005571" alt="Kibana" style="display:inline-block;">  <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-Kafka-C0C0C0?logo=Apache-Kafka&amp;logoColor=231F20" alt="Kafka" style="display:inline-block;">  <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-Consul-F24C53?logo=Consul&amp;logoColor=FFF" alt="Consul" style="display:inline-block;">  <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-Tomcat-F8DC75?logo=Apache-Tomcat&amp;logoColor=000" alt="Tomcat" style="display:inline-block;">  <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-JUnit5-25A162?logo=JUnit5&amp;logoColor=FFF" alt="JUnit5" style="display:inline-block;">  <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-Liquibase-2962FF?logo=Liquibase&amp;logoColor=FFF" alt="Liquibase" style="display:inline-block;">  <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-Maven-C71A36?logo=Apache-Maven&amp;logoColor=FFF" alt="Maven" style="display:inline-block;">  <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-Gradle-D3D3D3?logo=Gradle&amp;logoColor=02303A" alt="Gradle" style="display:inline-block;">  <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-Spring%20Security-6DB33F?logo=Spring-Security&amp;logoColor=FFF" alt="Spring Security" style="display:inline-block;">  <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-Hibernate-59666C?logo=Hibernate&amp;logoColor=FFF" alt="Hibernate" style="display:inline-block;">  <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-JSON-000?logo=JSON&amp;logoColor=FFF" alt="JSON" style="display:inline-block;">  <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-JWT-000?logo=JSON-Web-Tokens&amp;logoColor=FFF" alt="JWT" style="display:inline-block;">  <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-Java-F78C40?logo=OpenJDK&amp;logoColor=FFF" alt="Java" style="display:inline-block;">  <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-Python-A9A9A9?logo=Python&amp;logoColor=3776AB" alt="Python" style="display:inline-block;">  <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-Android-C0C0C0?logo=Android&amp;logoColor=3DDC84" alt="Android" style="display:inline-block;">  <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-Go-DCDCDC?logo=Go&amp;logoColor=00ADD8" alt="Go" style="display:inline-block;">  <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-GraphQL-FFF?logo=GraphQL&amp;logoColor=E10098" alt="GraphQL" style="display:inline-block;">  </p><h3 id="前端技术栈" tabindex="-1">前端技术栈 <a class="header-anchor" href="#前端技术栈" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;前端技术栈&quot;">​</a></h3><p><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-Vue3-C0C0C0?logo=Vue.js&amp;logoColor=4FC08D" alt="Vue3" style="display:inline-block;">  <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-TypeScript-C0C0C0?logo=TypeScript&amp;logoColor=3178C6" alt="TypeScript" style="display:inline-block;">  <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-Ant%20Design-C0C0C0?logo=Ant-Design&amp;logoColor=0170FE" alt="Ant Design" style="display:inline-block;">  <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-Node.js-D3D3D3?logo=Node.js&amp;logoColor=339933" alt="Node.js" style="display:inline-block;">  <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-Vite-D3D3D3?logo=Vite&amp;logoColor=646CFF" alt="Vite" style="display:inline-block;">  <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-Webpack-D3D3D3?logo=Webpack&amp;logoColor=8DD6F9" alt="Webpack" style="display:inline-block;">  <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-NPM-C0C0C0?logo=npm&amp;logoColor=CB3837" alt="NPM" style="display:inline-block;">  <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-Axios-C0C0C0?logo=Axios&amp;logoColor=5A29E4" alt="Axios" style="display:inline-block;">  <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-ESLint-C0C0C0?logo=ESLint&amp;logoColor=4B32C3" alt="ESLint" style="display:inline-block;">  <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-jQuery-0769AD?logo=jQuery&amp;logoColor=FFF" alt="jQuery" style="display:inline-block;">  <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-Bootstrap-7952B3?logo=Bootstrap&amp;logoColor=FFF" alt="BootStrap" style="display:inline-block;">  <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-ECharts-C0C0C0?logo=Apache-ECharts&amp;logoColor=AA344D" alt="ECharts" style="display:inline-block;">  <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-JavaScript-A9A9A9?logo=JavaScript&amp;logoColor=F7DF1E" alt="JavaScript" style="display:inline-block;">  <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-HTML5-A9A9A9?logo=HTML5&amp;logoColor=E34F26" alt="HTML5" style="display:inline-block;">  <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-CSS3-A9A9A9?logo=CSS3&amp;logoColor=1572B6" alt="CSS3" style="display:inline-block;">  <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-Tailwind%20CSS-FFF?logo=Tailwind-CSS&amp;logoColor=06B6D4" alt="Tailwind CSS" style="display:inline-block;">  <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-Less-D3D3D3?logo=Less&amp;logoColor=1D365D" alt="Less" style="display:inline-block;">  </p><h3 id="devops" tabindex="-1">DevOps <a class="header-anchor" href="#devops" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;DevOps&quot;">​</a></h3><p><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-Git-F05032?logo=Git&amp;logoColor=FFF" alt="Git" style="display:inline-block;">  <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-GitHub-181717?logo=GitHub&amp;logoColor=FFF" alt="GitHub" style="display:inline-block;">  <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-Gitee-C71D23?logo=Gitee&amp;logoColor=FFF" alt="Gitee" style="display:inline-block;">  <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-GitLab-FC6D26?logo=GitLab&amp;logoColor=FFF" alt="gitlab" style="display:inline-block;">  <img 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link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/06_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>数组</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/07_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>指针</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/08_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/09_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>预处理器</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/10_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>自定义数据类型</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/11_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>内存管理</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/12_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>文件操作</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-basic/13_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>调试工具和调试技巧（gdb和make）</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/14_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>常用库函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C 语言高级</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-advance/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>变量和内存分布</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-advance/02_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>指针强化</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" 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level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>项目构建工具</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><section class="VPSidebarItem level-1 collapsible collapsed" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h3 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>meson</h3><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-2 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/03_build/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>meson 入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section><section class="VPSidebarItem level-1 collapsible collapsed" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h3 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Cmake</h3><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-2 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/03_build/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Cmake 入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/03_build/01_${commonDirectoryName}/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Conan </p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><section class="VPSidebarItem level-1 collapsible collapsed" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h3 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Gradle</h3><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-2 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/03_build/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Gradle 入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Linux</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/04_linux/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Linux 初识和安装</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 基础</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/02_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>变量、数据类型、运算符</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/03_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>流程控制</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/04_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>数组</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/05_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>指针</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/06_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/07_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>自定义数据类型</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/08_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>类和对象</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/09_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 引用</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/10_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>继承和派生</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/11_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 多态和虚函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/12_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>运算符重载</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/13_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>模板</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/14_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 异常</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/15_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>面向对象进阶</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/16_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>文件操作和 IO 流</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/17_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>STL（标准模板库）</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><div class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 高级</p><!----></div><!----></div></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><div class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>QT 桌面开发</p><!----></div><!----></div></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><div class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Linux 高并发服务器开发</p><!----></div><!----></div></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-5d98c3a5 data-v-1428d186><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-1428d186 data-v-39a288b8><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-39a288b8><div class="aside" data-v-39a288b8><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-39a288b8></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-39a288b8><div class="aside-content" data-v-39a288b8><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-39a288b8 data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" class="VPDocAsideOutline" data-v-3f215769 data-v-a5bbad30><div class="content" data-v-a5bbad30><div class="outline-marker" data-v-a5bbad30></div><div aria-level="2" class="outline-title" id="doc-outline-aria-label" role="heading" data-v-a5bbad30>目录</div><ul class="VPDocOutlineItem root" data-v-a5bbad30 data-v-b933a997><!--[--><!--]--></ul></div></nav><!--[--><!--]--><div 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