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import{_ as s,c as i,o as a,a6 as n}from"./chunks/framework.CZKtKhAm.js";const l="/c/assets/1.CvTjP5jN.png",h="/c/assets/2.BR4TvWzU.png",p="/c/assets/3.hr3pCY5b.png",k="/c/assets/4.CgvWfxq4.png",t="/c/assets/5.DSekQATc.png",e="/c/assets/6.DjtEKfCa.png",r="/c/assets/7.BTWPdsCm.png",E="/c/assets/8.EoNXwZXz.png",d="/c/assets/9.iU-LaFqX.png",g="/c/assets/10.DYoXU9E6.jpg",y="/c/assets/11.DWDH3yqc.png",F="/c/assets/12.BvBjpbbE.png",c="/c/assets/13.CmPe90qp.png",b="/c/assets/14.MepLJvOt.jpg",u="/c/assets/15.CZUo3kuI.png",C="/c/assets/16.t7xuKRuB.png",o="/c/assets/17.Bkm40EoU.png",m="/c/assets/18.D0Mtsawg.png",B="/c/assets/19.C-mmUOKp.png",A="/c/assets/20.BvSSXPdI.png",D="/c/assets/21.uaya_nVR.png",v="/c/assets/22.CA2ak30R.png",q="/c/assets/9.NlBmD7pA.png",I=JSON.parse('{"title":"第一章：数组的概念","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"notes/01_c-basic/05_xdx/index.md","filePath":"notes/01_c-basic/05_xdx/index.md","lastUpdated":1722502319000}'),f={name:"notes/01_c-basic/05_xdx/index.md"},_=n(`<h1 id="第一章-数组的概念" tabindex="-1">第一章：数组的概念 <a class="header-anchor" href="#第一章-数组的概念" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;第一章：数组的概念&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="_1-1-为什么需要数组" tabindex="-1">1.1 为什么需要数组？ <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-1-为什么需要数组" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.1 为什么需要数组？&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="_1-1-1-需求分析-1" tabindex="-1">1.1.1 需求分析 1 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-1-1-需求分析-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.1.1 需求分析 1&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>需要统计某公司 50 个员工的工资情况，例如：计算平均工资、最高工资等。如果使用之前的知识，我们需要声明 50 个变量来分别记录每位员工的工资，即：</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &lt;stdio.h&gt;</span></span>
import{_ as s,c as i,o as a,a6 as n}from"./chunks/framework.CZKtKhAm.js";const l="/c/assets/1.CvTjP5jN.png",h="/c/assets/2.BR4TvWzU.png",p="/c/assets/3.hr3pCY5b.png",k="/c/assets/4.CgvWfxq4.png",t="/c/assets/5.DSekQATc.png",e="/c/assets/6.DjtEKfCa.png",r="/c/assets/7.BTWPdsCm.png",E="/c/assets/8.EoNXwZXz.png",d="/c/assets/9.iU-LaFqX.png",g="/c/assets/10.DYoXU9E6.jpg",y="/c/assets/11.DWDH3yqc.png",F="/c/assets/12.BvBjpbbE.png",c="/c/assets/13.CmPe90qp.png",b="/c/assets/14.MepLJvOt.jpg",u="/c/assets/15.CZUo3kuI.png",C="/c/assets/16.t7xuKRuB.png",o="/c/assets/17.Bkm40EoU.png",m="/c/assets/18.D0Mtsawg.png",B="/c/assets/19.C-mmUOKp.png",A="/c/assets/20.BvSSXPdI.png",D="/c/assets/21.uaya_nVR.png",v="/c/assets/22.CA2ak30R.png",q="/c/assets/9.NlBmD7pA.png",I=JSON.parse('{"title":"第一章：数组的概念","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"notes/01_c-basic/05_xdx/index.md","filePath":"notes/01_c-basic/05_xdx/index.md","lastUpdated":1722502459000}'),f={name:"notes/01_c-basic/05_xdx/index.md"},_=n(`<h1 id="第一章-数组的概念" tabindex="-1">第一章：数组的概念 <a class="header-anchor" href="#第一章-数组的概念" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;第一章：数组的概念&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="_1-1-为什么需要数组" tabindex="-1">1.1 为什么需要数组？ <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-1-为什么需要数组" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.1 为什么需要数组？&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="_1-1-1-需求分析-1" tabindex="-1">1.1.1 需求分析 1 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-1-1-需求分析-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.1.1 需求分析 1&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>需要统计某公司 50 个员工的工资情况，例如：计算平均工资、最高工资等。如果使用之前的知识，我们需要声明 50 个变量来分别记录每位员工的工资，即：</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &lt;stdio.h&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> main</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(){</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
@ -607,7 +607,7 @@ import{_ as s,c as i,o as a,a6 as n}from"./chunks/framework.CZKtKhAm.js";const l
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;所有班级的平均分为：</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">%.2lf\\n</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, totalSum </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">/</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> (row </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">*</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> col));</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br></div></div><h1 id="第四章-字符串-⭐" tabindex="-1">第四章：字符串（⭐） <a class="header-anchor" href="#第四章-字符串-⭐" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;第四章：字符串（⭐）&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="_4-1-概述" tabindex="-1">4.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_4-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;4.1 概述&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>在实际开发中，我们除了经常处理整数、浮点数、字符等，还经常和字符串打交道，如：<code>&quot;Hello World&quot;</code>、<code>&quot;Hi&quot;</code> 等。</li><li>对于整数、浮点数和字符，C 语言中都提供了对应的数据类型。但是，对于字符串，C 语言并没有提供对应的数据类型，而是用<code>字符数组</code>来存储这类文本类型的数据，即字符串：</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">char</span><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;"> str</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">32</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">];</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><ul><li>字符串不像整数、浮点数以及字符那样有固定的大小，字符串是不定长的，如：<code>&quot;Hello World&quot;</code>、<code>&quot;Hi&quot;</code> 等的长度就是不一样的。在 C 语言中，规定了字符串的结尾必须是 <code>\\0</code> ，这种字符串也被称为 <code>C 风格的字符串</code>，如：</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;HelloWorld&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> // 在 C 语言中，底层存储就是 HelloWorld\\0</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><ul><li>其对应的图示，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="`+v+'" alt=""></p><ul><li><code>\\0</code> 在 ASCII 码表中是第 0 个字符，用 NUL 表示，称为空字符串，该字符既不能显示，也不是控制字符，输出该字符不会有任何效果，它在 C 语言中仅作为字符串的结束标志。</li></ul><p><img src="'+q+`" alt=""></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>在现代化的高级编程语言中，都提供了字符串对应的类型，如：Java 中的 String（JDK 11 之前，底层也是通过 <code>char[]</code> 数组来实现的） 。</p></div><h2 id="_4-2-字符数组-字符串-的定义" tabindex="-1">4.2 字符数组（字符串）的定义 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_4-2-字符数组-字符串-的定义" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;4.2 字符数组（字符串）的定义&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="_4-2-1-标准写法" tabindex="-1">4.2.1 标准写法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_4-2-1-标准写法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;4.2.1 标准写法&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>显示在字符串的结尾添加 <code>\\0</code>作为字符串的结束标识。</p></li><li><p>示例：</p></li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &lt;stdio.h&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br></div></div><h1 id="第四章-字符串-⭐" tabindex="-1">第四章：字符串（⭐） <a class="header-anchor" href="#第四章-字符串-⭐" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;第四章：字符串（⭐）&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="_4-1-概述" tabindex="-1">4.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_4-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;4.1 概述&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>在实际开发中，我们除了经常处理整数、浮点数、字符等，还经常和字符串打交道，如：<code>&quot;Hello World&quot;</code>、<code>&quot;Hi&quot;</code> 等。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>像这种<code>&quot;Hello World&quot;</code>、<code>&quot;Hi&quot;</code> ，用双引号引起来的一串字符称为字符串字面值，简称字符串。</p></div><ul><li>对于整数、浮点数和字符，C 语言中都提供了对应的数据类型。但是，对于字符串，C 语言并没有提供对应的数据类型，而是用<code>字符数组</code>来存储这类文本类型的数据，即字符串：</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">char</span><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;"> str</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">32</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">];</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><ul><li>字符串不像整数、浮点数以及字符那样有固定的大小，字符串是不定长的，如：<code>&quot;Hello World&quot;</code>、<code>&quot;Hi&quot;</code> 等的长度就是不一样的。在 C 语言中，规定了字符串的结尾必须是 <code>\\0</code> ，这种字符串也被称为 <code>C 风格的字符串</code>，如：</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;HelloWorld&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> // 在 C 语言中，底层存储就是 HelloWorld\\0</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><ul><li>其对应的图示，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="`+v+'" alt=""></p><ul><li><code>\\0</code> 在 ASCII 码表中是第 0 个字符，用 NUL 表示，称为空字符串，该字符既不能显示，也不是控制字符，输出该字符不会有任何效果，它在 C 语言中仅作为字符串的结束标志。</li></ul><p><img src="'+q+`" alt=""></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>在现代化的高级编程语言中，都提供了字符串对应的类型，如：Java 中的 String（JDK 11 之前，底层也是通过 <code>char[]</code> 数组来实现的） 。</p></div><h2 id="_4-2-字符数组-字符串-的定义" tabindex="-1">4.2 字符数组（字符串）的定义 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_4-2-字符数组-字符串-的定义" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;4.2 字符数组（字符串）的定义&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="_4-2-1-标准写法" tabindex="-1">4.2.1 标准写法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_4-2-1-标准写法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;4.2.1 标准写法&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>显示在字符串的结尾添加 <code>\\0</code>作为字符串的结束标识。</p></li><li><p>示例：</p></li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &lt;stdio.h&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> main</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> // 禁用 stdout 缓冲区</span></span>
@ -657,4 +657,4 @@ import{_ as s,c as i,o as a,a6 as n}from"./chunks/framework.CZKtKhAm.js";const l
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;字符串是：</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">%s\\n</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, str);</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div>`,195),x=[_];function w(P,z,N,S,T,j){return a(),i("div",null,x)}const W=s(f,[["render",w]]);export{I as __pageData,W as default};
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div>`,197),x=[_];function w(P,z,N,T,S,j){return a(),i("div",null,x)}const H=s(f,[["render",w]]);export{I as __pageData,H as default};

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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --depth</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 1</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> \</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --single-branch</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --branch=linux-msft-wsl-${</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">KERNEL_VERSION</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> \</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> https://github.com/microsoft/WSL2-Linux-Kernel.git</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/185.B1eB55rC.gif" alt=""></p><ul><li>编译内核代码：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">cd</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> WSL2-Linux-Kernel</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">make</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -j</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> $(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">nproc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">KCONFIG_CONFIG=Microsoft/config-wsl</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/186.VIcU-hkN.gif" alt=""></p><ul><li>编译 perf 工具：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">cd</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> tools/perf</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">make</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> clean</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">make</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/187.BM9viRZJ.gif" alt=""></p><ul><li>复制到 PATH 变量所指向的路径中：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">cp</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> perf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> /usr/bin/</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/188.DpMBA1SK.gif" alt=""></p><h3 id="_9-4-3-整合" tabindex="-1">9.4.3 整合 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_9-4-3-整合" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;9.4.3 整合&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>CLion 中配置 perf 的路径：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/189.DgXuU6LF.png" alt=""></p><ul><li>在 CLion 中通过 perf 运行代码：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/190.Dnw73s2h.gif" alt=""></p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-39a288b8 data-v-e257564d><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-e257564d><!----><div class="last-updated" data-v-e257564d><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-e257564d data-v-e98dd255>上次更新: <time datetime="2024-08-01T05:48:13.000Z" data-v-e98dd255></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" aria-labelledby="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d>Pager</span><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><!----></div><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link next" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/02_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>下一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>变量和进制</span><!--]--></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-5d98c3a5 data-v-e315a0ad><div class="container" data-v-e315a0ad><p class="message" data-v-e315a0ad>Released under the MIT License.</p><p class="copyright" data-v-e315a0ad>Copyright © 2024 许大仙</p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><h2 id="_3-3-进制的转换" tabindex="-1">3.3 进制的转换 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-3-进制的转换" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.3 进制的转换&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="_3-3-1-概述" tabindex="-1">3.3.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-3-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.3.1 概述&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>不同进制的转换，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/19.uqLiL_yu.png" alt=""></p><ul><li>在计算机中，数据是从右往左的方式排列的；其中，最右边的是低位，最左边的是高位，即：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/20.CkykpHY2.png" alt=""></p><h3 id="_3-3-2-二进制和十进制的转换" tabindex="-1">3.3.2 二进制和十进制的转换 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-3-2-二进制和十进制的转换" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.3.2 二进制和十进制的转换&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="_3-3-2-1-二进制转换为十进制" tabindex="-1">3.3.2.1 二进制转换为十进制 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-3-2-1-二进制转换为十进制" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.3.2.1 二进制转换为十进制&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>规则：从最低位开始，将每个位上的数提取出来，乘以 2 的 （位数 - 1 ）次方，然后求和。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 在学术界，将这种计算规则，称为<code>位权相加法</code>。</li><li>② <code>八进制转换为十进制</code>、<code>十六进制转换为十进制</code>和<code>二进制转换为十进制</code>的算法相同！！！</li></ul></div><ul><li>示例：十进制转十进制</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/21.DV1YbrOP.png" alt=""></p><ul><li>示例：二进制转十进制</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/22.AHNJT9TV.png" alt=""></p><h4 id="_3-3-2-2-十进制转换二进制" tabindex="-1">3.3.2.2 十进制转换二进制 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-3-2-2-十进制转换二进制" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.3.2.2 十进制转换二进制&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>规则：将该数不断除以 2 ，直到商为 0 为止，然后将每步得到的余数倒过来，就是对应的二进制。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 在学术界，将这种计算规则，称为<code>短除法</code>或<code>连续除2取余法</code>。</li><li>② 很好理解，只有不断地除以 2 ，就能保证最大的数字不超过 2 ，这不就是二进制（只能有 0 或 1）吗？</li><li>③ <code>八进制转换为二进制</code>、<code>十六进制转换为二进制</code>和<code>十进制转换为二进制</code>的算法相同！！！</li></ul></div><ul><li>示例：十进制转十进制</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/23.Bs-MOwx2.png" alt=""></p><ul><li>示例：十进制转二进制</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/24.StzjmBz-.png" alt=""></p><h3 id="_3-3-3-二进制转八进制" tabindex="-1">3.3.3 二进制转八进制 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-3-3-二进制转八进制" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.3.3 二进制转八进制&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>规则：每 3 位二进制就是一个八进制。</p></li><li><p>示例：011 101 001 -&gt; 351</p></li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/25.C0wVWaxD.png" alt=""></p><h3 id="_3-3-4-二进制转十六进制" tabindex="-1">3.3.4 二进制转十六进制 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-3-4-二进制转十六进制" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.3.4 二进制转十六进制&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>规则：每 4 位二进制就是一个十六进制。</p></li><li><p>示例：1110 1001 -&gt; 0xE9</p></li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/26.LXJMAihe.png" alt=""></p><h2 id="_3-4-原码、反码和补码" tabindex="-1">3.4 原码、反码和补码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-4-原码、反码和补码" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.4 原码、反码和补码&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="_3-4-1-概述" tabindex="-1">3.4.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-4-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.4.1 概述&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>机器数：一个数在计算机的存储形式是二进制，我们称这些二进制数为机器数。机器数可以是有符号的，用机器数的最高位来存放符号位，0 表示正数，1 表示负数。</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/27._UTCq3PD.png" alt=""></p><ul><li>真值：因为机器数带有符号位，所以机器数的形式值不等于其真实表示的值（真值），以机器数 1000 0001 为例，其真正表示的值（首位是符号位）为 -1，而形式值却是 129 ，因此将带有符号位的机器数的真正表示的值称为机器数的真值。</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/28.BjQ5kBL-.png" alt=""></p><h3 id="_3-4-2-原码" tabindex="-1">3.4.2 原码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-4-2-原码" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.4.2 原码&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>原码的表示与机器数真值表示的一样，即用第一位表示符号，其余位表示数值。</li><li>规则： <ul><li>正数的<code>原码</code>是它本身对应的二进制数，符号位是 0 。</li><li>负数的<code>原码</code>是它本身绝对值对应的二进制数，但是符号位是 1 。</li></ul></li><li>+1 的原码，使用 8 位二进数来表示，就是：</li></ul><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th>十进制数</th><th>原码（8位二进制数）</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>+1</td><td><code>0</code>000 0001</td></tr></tbody></table><ul><li>-1 的原码，使用 8 位二进数来表示，就是：</li></ul><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th>十进制数</th><th>原码（8位二进制数）</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>-1</td><td><code>1</code>000 0001</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><p>按照原码的规则，会出现 <code>+0</code> 和 <code>-0</code> 的情况，即：<code>0</code>000 0000（+0）、<code>1</code>000 0000（-0），显然不符合实际情况；所以，计算机底层虽然存储和计算的都是二进数，但显然不是原码。</p></div><h3 id="_3-4-3-反码" tabindex="-1">3.4.3 反码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-4-3-反码" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.4.3 反码&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>规则：</p><ul><li>正数的反码和它的原码相同。</li><li>负数的反码是在其原码的基础上，符号位不变，其余各位取反。</li></ul></li><li><p>+1 的反码，使用 8 位二进数来表示，就是：</p></li></ul><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th>十进制数</th><th>原码（8位二进制数）</th><th>反码（8位二进制数）</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>+1</td><td><code>0</code>000 0001</td><td><code>0</code>000 0001</td></tr></tbody></table><ul><li>-1 的反码，使用 8 位二进数来表示，就是：</li></ul><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th>十进制数</th><th>原码（8位二进制数）</th><th>反码（8位二进制数）</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>-1</td><td><code>1</code>000 0001</td><td><code>1</code>111 1110</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><p>按照反码的规则，如果是 <code>+0</code>，对应的原码是 <code>0</code>000 0000；那么，其反码还是 <code>0</code>000 0000 ；如果是 <code>-0</code>，对应的原码是 <code>1</code>000 0000，其反码是 <code>1</code>111 1111，显然不符合实际情况；所以，计算机底层虽然存储和计算的都是二进数，但显然不是反码。</p></div><h3 id="_3-4-4-补码" tabindex="-1">3.4.4 补码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-4-4-补码" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.4.4 补码&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>规则：</p><ul><li>正数的补码和它的原码相同。</li><li>负数的补码是在其反码的基础上 + 1 。</li></ul></li><li><p>+1 的补码，使用 8 位二进数来表示，就是：</p></li></ul><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th>十进制数</th><th>原码（8位二进制数）</th><th>反码（8位二进制数）</th><th>补码（8位二进制数）</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>+1</td><td><code>0</code>000 0001</td><td><code>0</code>000 0001</td><td><code>0</code>000 0001</td></tr></tbody></table><ul><li>-1 的补码，使用 8 位二进数来表示，就是：</li></ul><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th>十进制数</th><th>原码（8位二进制数）</th><th>反码（8位二进制数）</th><th>补码（8位二进制数）</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>-1</td><td><code>1</code>000 0001</td><td><code>1</code>111 1110</td><td><code>1</code>111 1111</td></tr></tbody></table><ul><li>如果 0 ，按照 <code>+0</code> 的情况进行处理，即：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/29.COIOzcmT.png" alt=""></p><ul><li>如果 0 ，按照 <code>-0</code> 的情况进行处理，即：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/30.Cu__mjav.png" alt=""></p><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><ul><li>① 补码表示法解决了<code>原码</code>和<code>反码</code>存在的<code>两种</code>零（<code>+0</code> 和 <code>-0</code>）的问题，即：在补码表示法中，只有<code>一个</code>零，即 0000 0000。</li><li>②补码使得<code>加法运算</code>和<code>减法运算</code>可以统一处理，通过将减法运算<code>转换</code>为加法运算，可以简化硬件设计，提高了运算效率。</li><li>③ 计算机底层<code>存储</code>和<code>计算</code>的都是<code>二进数的补码</code>。</li></ul></div><h3 id="_3-4-5-总结" tabindex="-1">3.4.5 总结 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-4-5-总结" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.4.5 总结&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>① 正数的原码、反码和补码都是一样的，三码合一。</li><li>② 负数的反码是在其原码的基础上，按位取反（0 变 1 ，1 变 0 ），符号位不变；负数的补码是其反码 + 1 。</li><li>③ 0 的补码是 0 。</li></ul><h2 id="_3-5-计算机底层为什么使用补码" tabindex="-1">3.5 计算机底层为什么使用补码？ <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-5-计算机底层为什么使用补码" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.5 计算机底层为什么使用补码？&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>如果计算是 <code>2 - 2</code> ，那么可以转换为 <code>2 + (-2)</code>，这样计算机内部在处理<code>减法计算</code>的时候，就会将其转换为<code>加法计算</code>的形式，以简化硬件设计和提高计算效率。</li><li><code>最高位</code>表示<code>符号位</code>，由于符号位的存在，如果使用<code>原码</code>来计算，就会导致<code>计算结果不正确</code>，即：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/31.BX_KzkHt.png" alt=""></p><ul><li><code>补码</code>的设计可以巧妙的让<code>符号位</code>也参与计算，并且可以得到<code>正确的计算结果</code>，即：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/32.COt_QxSP.png" alt=""></p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-39a288b8 data-v-e257564d><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-e257564d><!----><div class="last-updated" data-v-e257564d><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-e257564d data-v-e98dd255>上次更新: <time datetime="2024-08-01T02:00:11.000Z" data-v-e98dd255></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" aria-labelledby="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d>Pager</span><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link prev" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/01_xdx/" 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<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div><h2 id="_2-8-运算符优先级" tabindex="-1">2.8 运算符优先级 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-8-运算符优先级" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.8 运算符优先级&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>C 语言中运算符的优先级，如下所示：</li></ul><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th><strong>优先级</strong></th><th><strong>运算符</strong></th><th><strong>名称或含义</strong></th><th><strong>结合方向</strong></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>1</strong></td><td><code>[]</code></td><td>数组下标</td><td>➡️（从左到右）</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>()</code></td><td>圆括号</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>.</code></td><td>成员选择（对象）</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>-&gt;</code></td><td>成员选择（指针）</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>2</strong></td><td><code>-</code></td><td>负号运算符</td><td>⬅️（从右到左）</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>（类型）</code></td><td>强制类型转换</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>++</code></td><td>自增运算符</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>--</code></td><td>自减运算符</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>*</code></td><td>取值运算符</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>&amp;</code></td><td>取地址运算符</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>!</code></td><td>逻辑非运算符</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>~</code></td><td>按位取反运算符</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>sizeof</code></td><td>长度运算符</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>3</strong></td><td><code>/</code></td><td>除</td><td>➡️（从左到右）</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>*</code></td><td>乘</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>%</code></td><td>余数（取模）</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>4</strong></td><td><code>+</code></td><td>加</td><td>➡️（从左到右）</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>-</code></td><td>减</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>5</strong></td><td><code>&lt;&lt;</code></td><td>左移</td><td>➡️（从左到右）</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>&gt;&gt;</code></td><td>右移</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>6</strong></td><td><code>&gt;</code></td><td>大于</td><td>➡️（从左到右）</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>&gt;=</code></td><td>大于等于</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>&lt;</code></td><td>小于</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>&lt;=</code></td><td>小于等于</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>7</strong></td><td><code>==</code></td><td>等于</td><td>➡️（从左到右）</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>!=</code></td><td>不等于</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>8</strong></td><td><code>&amp;</code></td><td>按位与</td><td>➡️（从左到右）</td></tr><tr><td><strong>9</strong></td><td><code>^</code></td><td>按位异或</td><td>➡️（从左到右）</td></tr><tr><td><strong>10</strong></td><td><code>|</code></td><td>按位或</td><td>➡️（从左到右）</td></tr><tr><td><strong>11</strong></td><td><code>&amp;&amp;</code></td><td>逻辑与</td><td>➡️（从左到右）</td></tr><tr><td><strong>12</strong></td><td><code>||</code></td><td>逻辑或</td><td>➡️（从左到右）</td></tr><tr><td><strong>13</strong></td><td><code>?:</code></td><td>条件运算符</td><td>⬅️（从右到左）</td></tr><tr><td><strong>14</strong></td><td><code>=</code></td><td>赋值运算符</td><td>⬅️（从右到左）</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>/=</code></td><td>除后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>*=</code></td><td>乘后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>%=</code></td><td>取模后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>+=</code></td><td>加后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>-=</code></td><td>减后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>&lt;&lt;=</code></td><td>左移后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>&gt;&gt;=</code></td><td>右移后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>&amp;=</code></td><td>按位与后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>^=</code></td><td>按位异或后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>|=</code></td><td>按位或后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>15</strong></td><td><code>,</code></td><td>逗号运算符</td><td>➡️（从左到右）</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="warning custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">WARNING</p><p></p><ul><li>① 不要过多的依赖运算符的优先级来控制表达式的执行顺序，这样可读性太差，尽量<code>使用小括号来控制</code>表达式的执行顺序。</li><li>② 不要把一个表达式写得过于复杂，如果一个表达式过于复杂，则把它<code>分成几步</code>来完成。</li><li>③ 运算符优先级不用刻意地去记忆，总体上：一元运算符 &gt; 算术运算符 &gt; 关系运算符 &gt; 逻辑运算符 &gt; 三元运算符 &gt; 赋值运算符。</li></ul></div><h1 id="第三章-附录" tabindex="-1">第三章：附录 <a class="header-anchor" href="#第三章-附录" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;第三章：附录&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="_3-1-字符集和字符集编码" tabindex="-1">3.1 字符集和字符集编码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-1-字符集和字符集编码" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.1 字符集和字符集编码&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="_3-3-1-概述" tabindex="-1">3.3.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-3-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.3.1 概述&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>字符集和字符集编码（简称编码）计算机系统中处理文本数据的两个基本概念，它们密切相关但又有区别。</li><li>字符集（Character Set）是一组字符的集合，其中每个字符都被分配了一个<code>唯一的编号</code>（通常是数字）。字符可以是字母、数字、符号、控制代码（如换行符）等。<code>字符集定义了可以表示的字符的范围</code>，但它并不直接定义如何将这些字符存储在计算机中。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>ASCII（美国信息交换标准代码）是最早期和最简单的字符集之一，它只包括了英文字母、数字和一些特殊字符，共 128 个字符。每个字符都分配给了一个从 0 到 127 的数字。</p></div><ul><li>字符集编码（Character Encoding，简称编码）是一种方案或方法，<code>它定义了如何将字符集中的字符转换为计算机存储和传输的数据（通常是一串二进制数字）</code>。简而言之，编码是字符到二进制数据之间的映射规则。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>ASCII编码方案定义了如何将 ASCII 字符集中的每个字符表示为 7 位的二进制数字。例如：大写字母<code>&quot;A&quot;</code>在ASCII 编码中表示为二进制的<code>1000001</code>，十进制的 <code>65</code> 。</p></div><ul><li><code>字符集</code>和<code>字符集编码</code>之间的关系如下：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/29.CGTVELeO.png" alt=""></p><ul><li>Linux 中安装帮助手册：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/30.Bz4_lEH0.gif" alt=""></p><h3 id="_3-3-2-ascii-编码" tabindex="-1">3.3.2 ASCII 编码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-3-2-ascii-编码" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.3.2 ASCII 编码&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>从<code>冯·诺依曼</code>体系结构中，我们知道，计算机中所有的<code>数据</code>和<code>指令</code>都是以<code>二进制</code>的形式表示的；所以，计算机中对于文本数据的数据也是以二进制来存储的，那么对应的流程如下：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/31.CcDWE4nn.png" alt=""></p><ul><li>我们知道，计算机是上个世纪 60 年代在美国研制成功的，为了实现字符和二进制的转换，美国就制定了一套字符编码，即英语字符和二进制位之间的关系，即 ASCII （American Standard Code for Information Interchange）编码： <ul><li>ASCII 编码只包括了英文字符、数字和一些特殊字符，一共 128 个字符，并且每个字符都分配了唯一的数字，范围是 0 - 127。</li><li>ASCII 编码中的每个字符都使用 7 位的二进制数字表示；但是，计算机中的存储的最小单位是 1 B = 8 位，那么最高位统一规定为 0 。</li></ul></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 其实，早期是没有字符集的概念的，只是后来为了解决乱码问题，而产生了字符集的概念。</li><li>② 对于英文体系来说，<code>a-zA-Z0-9</code>以及一些<code>特殊字符</code>一共 <code>128</code> 就可以满足实际存储需求；所以，在也是为什么 ASCII 码使用 7 位二进制（2^7 = 128 ）来存储的。</li></ul></div><ul><li>在操作系统中，就内置了对应的编码表，Linux 也不例外；可以使用如下的命令查看：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">man</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> ascii</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/32.B7y2_JVX.gif" alt=""></p><ul><li>其对应的 ASCII 编码表，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/33.Btcc3rs2.gif" alt=""></p><ul><li>但是，随着计算机的发展，计算机开始了东征之路，由美国传播到东方：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/34.CR4ARW8y.png" alt=""></p><ul><li>先是传播到了欧洲，欧洲在兼容 ASCII 编码的基础上，推出了 ISO8859-1 编码，即： <ul><li>ISO8859-1 编码包括基本的拉丁字母表、数字、标点符号，以及西欧语言中特有的一些字符，如：法语中的 <code>è</code>、德语中的 <code>ü</code> 等。</li><li>ISO 8859-1 为每个字符分配一个单字节（8 位）编码，意味着它可以表示最多 256 （2^8）个不同的字符（编号从 0 到 255）。</li><li>ISO 8859-1 的前 128 个字符与 ASCII 编码完全一致，这使得 ASCII 编码的文本可以无缝转换为 ISO 8859-1 编码。</li></ul></li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/33.Btcc3rs2.gif" alt=""></p><p><img src="/c/assets/36.DOX3ymYP.gif" alt=""></p><ul><li>计算机继续传播到了亚洲，亚洲（双字节）各个国家分别给出了自己国家对应的字符集编码，如： <ul><li>日本推出了 Shift-JIS 编码： <ul><li>单字节 ASCII 范围：0 - 127。</li><li>双字节范围： <ul><li>第一个字节：129 - 159 和 224 - 239 。</li><li>第二个字节：64 - 126 和 128 - 252 。</li></ul></li></ul></li><li>韩国推出了 EUC-KR 编码： <ul><li>单字节 ASCII 范围：0 - 127。</li><li>双字节范围：从 41281 - 65278。</li></ul></li><li>中国推出了 GBK 编码： <ul><li>单字节 ASCII 范围：0 - 127。</li><li>双字节范围：33088 - 65278 。</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 通过上面日本、韩国、中国的编码十进制范围，我们可以看到，虽然这些编码系统在技术上的编码范围存在重叠（特别是在高位字节区域），但因为它们各自支持的字符集完全不同，所以实际上它们并不直接冲突。</li><li>② 但是，如果一个中国人通过 GBK 编码写的文章，通过邮件发送给韩国人，因为韩国和中国在字符集编码上的高位字节有重叠部分，必然会造成歧义。</li></ul></div><h3 id="_3-3-3-unicode-编码" tabindex="-1">3.3.3 Unicode 编码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-3-3-unicode-编码" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.3.3 Unicode 编码&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>在 Unicode 之前，世界上存在着数百种不同的编码系统，每一种编码系统都是为了支持特定语言或一组语言的字符集。这些编码系统，包括：ASCII、ISO 8859 系列、GBK、Shift-JIS、EUC-KR 等，它们各自有不同的字符范围和编码方式。这种多样性虽然在局部范围内解决了字符表示的问题，但也带来了以下几个方面的挑战：</p><ul><li><code>编码冲突</code>：由于不同的编码系统可以为相同的字节值分配不同的字符，因此在不同编码之间转换文本时，如果没有正确处理编码信息，就很容易产生乱码。这种编码冲突在尝试处理多种语言的文本时尤为突出。</li><li><code>编码的复杂性</code>：随着全球化的发展，软件和系统需要支持越来越多的语言，这就要求开发者和系统同时处理多种不同的编码系统。这不仅增加了开发和维护的复杂性，而且也增加了出错的风险。</li><li><code>资源限制</code>：在早期计算机技术中，内存和存储资源相对有限。不同的编码标准要求系统存储多套字符集数据，这无疑增加了对有限资源的消耗。</li><li>……</li></ul></li><li><p>针对上述的种种问题，为了推行全球化，Unicode 应运而生，Unicode 的核心规则和设计原则是建立一个全球统一的字符集，使得世界上所有的文字和符号都能被唯一地识别和使用，无论使用者位于何地或使用何种语言。这套规则包括了字符的编码、表示、处理和转换机制，旨在确保不同系统和软件间能够无缝交换和处理文本数据。</p><ul><li><code>通用字符集 (UCS)</code>：Unicode 为每一个字符分配一个唯一的编号（称为<code>“码点”</code>）。这些码点被组织在一个统一的字符集中，官方称之为 “通用字符集”（Universal Character Set，UCS）。码点通常表示为 <code>U+</code> 后跟一个十六进制数，例如：<code>U+0041</code> 代表大写的英文字母 <code>“A”</code>。</li><li><code>编码平面和区段</code>：Unicode 码点被划分为多个 “平面（Planes）”，每个平面包含 65536（16^4）个码点。目前，Unicode定义了 17 个平面（从 0 到16），每个平面被分配了一个编号，从 “基本多文种平面（BMP）” 的 0 开始，到 16 号平面结束。这意味着 Unicode 理论上可以支持超过 110万（17*65536）个码点。</li></ul></li><li><p>Unicode 仅仅只是字符集，给每个字符设置了唯一的数字编号而已，却没有给出这些数字编号实际如何存储，可以通过如下命令查看：</p></li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/37.Cie9_tkP.gif" alt=""></p><ul><li>为了在计算机系统中表示 Unicode 字符，定义了几种编码方案，这些方案包括 UTF-8、UTF-16 和 UTF-32 等。 <ul><li><strong>UTF-8</strong>：使用 1 - 4 个字节表示每个 Unicode 字符，兼容 ASCII，是网络上最常用的编码。</li><li><strong>UTF-16</strong>：使用 2 - 4 个字节表示每个 Unicode 字符，适合于需要经常处理基本多文种平面之外字符的应用。</li><li><strong>UTF-32</strong>：使用固定的 4 个字节表示每个 Unicode 字符，简化了字符处理，但增加了存储空间的需求。</li></ul></li><li><code>Unicode 字符集</code>和对应的<code>UTF-8 字符编码</code>之间的关系，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/38.DLjH9Ges.png" alt=""></p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-39a288b8 data-v-e257564d><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-e257564d><!----><div class="last-updated" data-v-e257564d><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-e257564d data-v-e98dd255>上次更新: <time 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<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-39a288b8 data-v-e257564d><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-e257564d><!----><div class="last-updated" data-v-e257564d><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-e257564d data-v-e98dd255>上次更新: <time datetime="2024-08-01T02:00:11.000Z" data-v-e98dd255></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" aria-labelledby="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d>Pager</span><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link prev" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/03_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>上一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>数据类型和运算符</span><!--]--></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link next" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/05_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>下一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>数组</span><!--]--></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-5d98c3a5 data-v-e315a0ad><div class="container" data-v-e315a0ad><p class="message" data-v-e315a0ad>Released under the MIT License.</p><p class="copyright" data-v-e315a0ad>Copyright © 2024 许大仙</p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;所有班级的平均分为：</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">%.2lf\n</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, totalSum </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">/</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> (row </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">*</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> col));</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br></div></div><h1 id="第四章-字符串-⭐" tabindex="-1">第四章：字符串（⭐） <a class="header-anchor" href="#第四章-字符串-⭐" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;第四章：字符串（⭐）&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="_4-1-概述" tabindex="-1">4.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_4-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;4.1 概述&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>在实际开发中，我们除了经常处理整数、浮点数、字符等，还经常和字符串打交道，如：<code>&quot;Hello World&quot;</code>、<code>&quot;Hi&quot;</code> 等。</li><li>对于整数、浮点数和字符，C 语言中都提供了对应的数据类型。但是，对于字符串，C 语言并没有提供对应的数据类型，而是用<code>字符数组</code>来存储这类文本类型的数据，即字符串：</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">char</span><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;"> str</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">32</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">];</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><ul><li>字符串不像整数、浮点数以及字符那样有固定的大小，字符串是不定长的，如：<code>&quot;Hello World&quot;</code>、<code>&quot;Hi&quot;</code> 等的长度就是不一样的。在 C 语言中，规定了字符串的结尾必须是 <code>\0</code> ，这种字符串也被称为 <code>C 风格的字符串</code>，如：</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;HelloWorld&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> // 在 C 语言中，底层存储就是 HelloWorld\0</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><ul><li>其对应的图示，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/22.CA2ak30R.png" alt=""></p><ul><li><code>\0</code> 在 ASCII 码表中是第 0 个字符，用 NUL 表示，称为空字符串，该字符既不能显示，也不是控制字符，输出该字符不会有任何效果，它在 C 语言中仅作为字符串的结束标志。</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/9.NlBmD7pA.png" alt=""></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>在现代化的高级编程语言中，都提供了字符串对应的类型，如：Java 中的 String（JDK 11 之前，底层也是通过 <code>char[]</code> 数组来实现的） 。</p></div><h2 id="_4-2-字符数组-字符串-的定义" tabindex="-1">4.2 字符数组（字符串）的定义 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_4-2-字符数组-字符串-的定义" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;4.2 字符数组（字符串）的定义&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="_4-2-1-标准写法" tabindex="-1">4.2.1 标准写法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_4-2-1-标准写法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;4.2.1 标准写法&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>显示在字符串的结尾添加 <code>\0</code>作为字符串的结束标识。</p></li><li><p>示例：</p></li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &lt;stdio.h&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br></div></div><h1 id="第四章-字符串-⭐" tabindex="-1">第四章：字符串（⭐） <a class="header-anchor" href="#第四章-字符串-⭐" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;第四章：字符串（⭐）&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="_4-1-概述" tabindex="-1">4.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_4-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;4.1 概述&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>在实际开发中，我们除了经常处理整数、浮点数、字符等，还经常和字符串打交道，如：<code>&quot;Hello World&quot;</code>、<code>&quot;Hi&quot;</code> 等。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>像这种<code>&quot;Hello World&quot;</code>、<code>&quot;Hi&quot;</code> ，用双引号引起来的一串字符称为字符串字面值，简称字符串。</p></div><ul><li>对于整数、浮点数和字符，C 语言中都提供了对应的数据类型。但是，对于字符串，C 语言并没有提供对应的数据类型，而是用<code>字符数组</code>来存储这类文本类型的数据，即字符串：</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">char</span><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;"> str</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">32</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">];</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><ul><li>字符串不像整数、浮点数以及字符那样有固定的大小，字符串是不定长的，如：<code>&quot;Hello World&quot;</code>、<code>&quot;Hi&quot;</code> 等的长度就是不一样的。在 C 语言中，规定了字符串的结尾必须是 <code>\0</code> ，这种字符串也被称为 <code>C 风格的字符串</code>，如：</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;HelloWorld&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> // 在 C 语言中，底层存储就是 HelloWorld\0</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><ul><li>其对应的图示，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/22.CA2ak30R.png" alt=""></p><ul><li><code>\0</code> 在 ASCII 码表中是第 0 个字符，用 NUL 表示，称为空字符串，该字符既不能显示，也不是控制字符，输出该字符不会有任何效果，它在 C 语言中仅作为字符串的结束标志。</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/9.NlBmD7pA.png" alt=""></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>在现代化的高级编程语言中，都提供了字符串对应的类型，如：Java 中的 String（JDK 11 之前，底层也是通过 <code>char[]</code> 数组来实现的） 。</p></div><h2 id="_4-2-字符数组-字符串-的定义" tabindex="-1">4.2 字符数组（字符串）的定义 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_4-2-字符数组-字符串-的定义" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;4.2 字符数组（字符串）的定义&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="_4-2-1-标准写法" tabindex="-1">4.2.1 标准写法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_4-2-1-标准写法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;4.2.1 标准写法&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>显示在字符串的结尾添加 <code>\0</code>作为字符串的结束标识。</p></li><li><p>示例：</p></li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &lt;stdio.h&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> main</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> // 禁用 stdout 缓冲区</span></span>
@ -679,8 +679,8 @@
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;字符串是：</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">%s\n</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, str);</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-39a288b8 data-v-e257564d><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-e257564d><!----><div class="last-updated" data-v-e257564d><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-e257564d data-v-e98dd255>上次更新: <time datetime="2024-08-01T08:51:59.000Z" data-v-e98dd255></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" aria-labelledby="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d>Pager</span><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link prev" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/04_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>上一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>流程控制</span><!--]--></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link next" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/06_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>下一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>指针</span><!--]--></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-5d98c3a5 data-v-e315a0ad><div class="container" data-v-e315a0ad><p class="message" data-v-e315a0ad>Released under the MIT License.</p><p class="copyright" data-v-e315a0ad>Copyright © 2024 许大仙</p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Address of array: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">%p\n</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;">arr</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">);</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> // 返回整个数组的地址</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Address of pointer: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">%p\n</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;">ptr</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">);</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> // 返回指针变量ptr的地址</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div></li></ol><p>综上所述，通过这些示例和解释，可以看出数组名虽然在某些场合下可以像指针一样使用，但它并不是一个真正的指针变量，而是一个常量，表示数组的首地址。</p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-39a288b8 data-v-e257564d><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-e257564d><!----><div class="last-updated" data-v-e257564d><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-e257564d data-v-e98dd255>上次更新: <time datetime="2024-08-01T07:09:26.000Z" data-v-e98dd255></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" aria-labelledby="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d>Pager</span><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link prev" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/05_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>上一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>数组</span><!--]--></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link next" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/07_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>下一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>函数</span><!--]--></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-5d98c3a5 data-v-e315a0ad><div class="container" data-v-e315a0ad><p class="message" data-v-e315a0ad>Released under the MIT License.</p><p class="copyright" data-v-e315a0ad>Copyright © 2024 许大仙</p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/02_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>变量和进制</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/03_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>数据类型和运算符</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/04_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>流程控制</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/05_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>数组</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/06_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>指针</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/07_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/08_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>预处理器</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/09_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>自定义数据类型</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/10_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>字符串和时间</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/11_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>内存管理</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/12_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>文件操作</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/13_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>调试工具和调试技巧（gdb和make）</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/14_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>常用库函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><div class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C 语言高级</p><!----></div><!----></div></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible has-active" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Linux</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/03_linux/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Linux 初识和安装</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><div class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 核心编程</p><!----></div><!----></div></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><div class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 标准库</p><!----></div><!----></div></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><div class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>QT 桌面开发</p><!----></div><!----></div></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><div class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Linux 高并发服务器开发</p><!----></div><!----></div></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-5d98c3a5 data-v-1428d186><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-1428d186 data-v-39a288b8><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-39a288b8><div class="aside" data-v-39a288b8><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-39a288b8></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-39a288b8><div class="aside-content" data-v-39a288b8><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-39a288b8 data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" class="VPDocAsideOutline" data-v-3f215769 data-v-a5bbad30><div class="content" data-v-a5bbad30><div class="outline-marker" data-v-a5bbad30></div><div aria-level="2" class="outline-title" id="doc-outline-aria-label" role="heading" data-v-a5bbad30>目录</div><ul class="VPDocOutlineItem root" data-v-a5bbad30 data-v-b933a997><!--[--><!--]--></ul></div></nav><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-39a288b8><div class="content-container" data-v-39a288b8><!--[--><!--]--><main class="main" data-v-39a288b8><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _c_notes_03_linux_01_xdx_" data-v-39a288b8><div><h1 id="第一章-linux" tabindex="-1">第一章：Linux <a class="header-anchor" href="#第一章-linux" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;第一章：Linux&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="_1-1-linux-概述" tabindex="-1">1.1 Linux 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-1-linux-概述" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.1 Linux 概述&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>Linux 是一种开源的操作系统，最初由芬兰的林纳斯·托瓦兹（Linus Torvalds）开发。它基于 UNIX 操作系统，并且具有高度的可定制性和灵活性。Linux 操作系统被广泛应用于<code>服务器</code>、嵌入式系统和个人计算机等领域。</li><li>它具有稳定性、安全性和可靠性，并且支持多用户、多任务和多线程。Linux 拥有众多的发行版，如：Ubuntu、Red Hat、Debian 等，每个发行版都有自己的特点和优势。</li><li>由于其开源性质，Linux 操作系统受到了全球开发者的广泛支持和贡献，成为了计算机行业中的重要组成部分。</li></ul><h2 id="_1-2-linux-的发展史" tabindex="-1">1.2 Linux 的发展史 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-linux-的发展史" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.2 Linux 的发展史&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li><p>Linux 的发展历史可以分为以下几个阶段：</p><ul><li>① 初始阶段（1991 - 1994 年）：林纳斯·托瓦兹在 1991 年发布了 Linux 内核的第一个版本，并将其开源。在接下来的几年里，Linux 逐渐吸引了一些开发者的关注和参与，开始逐步完善和扩展功能。</li><li>② 发展阶段（1995 - 2000 年）：在这个阶段，Linux 开始受到更多人的关注和认可。许多开发者和公司开始为 Linux 开发应用程序和驱动程序，为其增加更多的功能和兼容性。同时，一些发行版如：Red Hat、Debian 等也开始出现，为用户提供了更方便的安装和使用方式。</li><li>③ 商业化阶段（2001 - 至今）：随着 Linux 的成熟和广泛应用，越来越多的公司开始将 Linux 作为服务器和嵌入式设备的操作系统。一些大型科技公司，如：IBM、Oracle 等也开始投入大量资源支持 Linux 的发展。同时，一些商业化的 Linux 发行版，如：SUSE、Ubuntu 等也崭露头角，为企业和个人用户提供了更专业的支持和服务。</li><li>④ 社区发展阶段：Linux 的发展一直依赖于全球开发者社区的贡献和支持。Linux 社区不断壮大，吸引了众多的开发者和爱好者参与其中。通过社区的力量，Linux 不断更新迭代，推出了许多新的版本和功能。</li></ul></li><li><p>总的来说，Linux 的发展历程是一个由个人项目逐渐发展为全球开源社区支持的过程。它的成功得益于开源模式的优势，以及全球开发者的共同努力和贡献。</p></li></ul><h2 id="_1-3-linux-的组成-⭐" tabindex="-1">1.3 Linux 的组成（⭐） <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-3-linux-的组成-⭐" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.3 Linux 的组成（⭐）&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li><p>Linux 主要由以下几个组成部分构成：</p><ul><li>① <code>Linux 内核</code>：Linux 内核是整个操作系统的核心，负责管理硬件设备、内存管理、进程调度等核心功能。它是由林纳斯·托瓦兹及其他开发者编写和维护的。</li><li>② <code>Shell 解释器</code>：Shell 解释器是用户与操作系统交互的接口，它接收用户输入的命令并将其解释执行。常见的 Shell 解释器有 Bash、Zsh 等，它们提供了命令行界面和脚本编程功能。</li><li>③ <code>外围的应用程序</code>：命令、应用程序、图形化界面……</li></ul></li><li><p>其图示如下：</p></li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/1.CC6XCSyT.png" alt="image-20240115214505877"></p><ul><li>上述的组成部分共同构成了一个完整的 Linux 操作系统，为用户提供了丰富的功能和灵活性。</li></ul><h2 id="_1-4-linux-发行版本-⭐" tabindex="-1">1.4 Linux 发行版本（⭐） <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-linux-发行版本-⭐" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.4 Linux 发行版本（⭐）&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>Linux <code>发行版本</code>就是：<code>Linux 内核</code> + <code>命令解释器</code> + <code>应用程序（桌面）</code>。</li><li>主流的 Linux 发行版本如下：</li></ul><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th>Linux 系统类别</th><th>Linux 系统</th><th>备注</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Debian 系列</td><td><code>Debian</code></td><td>更新频率较低，较为稳定和安全，可以用于企业生产环境。</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>Ubuntu</code></td><td>桌面美观，使用方便，开发使用。有桌面版和企业版本（服务器版本）。</td></tr><tr><td>Redhat 系列</td><td>RedHat Enterprise Linux（<code>RHEL</code>）</td><td>红帽企业版本</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>CentOS</td><td>基于 Red Hat Enterprise Linux（RHEL）源代码构建的免费开源操作系统。它提供了企业级的稳定性和安全性，广泛用于服务器环境。</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Fedora</td><td>Fedora 是由 Red Hat 赞助的社区驱动的 Linux 发行版，注重最新的软件和技术。它提供了一个先进的桌面环境和开发者工具。</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>Rocky Linux</code></td><td>用来替代 CentOS 系统的，也是基于 Red Hat Enterprise Linux（RHEL）源代码构建的免费开源操作系统。</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>Alma Linux</code></td><td>用来替代 CentOS 系统的，也是基于 Red Hat Enterprise Linux（RHEL）源代码构建的免费开源操作系统。</td></tr><tr><td>其它系列</td><td>SUSE、OpenSUSE</td><td>OpenSUSE 是一个用户友好且功能强大的 Linux 发行版，具有稳定性和灵活性。它提供了多种桌面环境和服务器选项。</td></tr></tbody></table><ul><li>当然，除了以上几个主流的 Linux 发行版，还有许多其他的发行版，如：Arch Linux、Gentoo、Mageia 等，它们各自有着不同的特点和适用场景。</li><li>选择适合自己需求的发行版是根据个人或组织的需求和偏好来决定的。</li></ul><h2 id="_1-5-linux-版本选择-⭐" tabindex="-1">1.5 Linux 版本选择（⭐） <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-5-linux-版本选择-⭐" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.5 Linux 版本选择（⭐）&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>推荐选择 <code>LTS 版</code>或<code>稳定版</code>。</li></ul><div class="warning custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">WARNING</p><p></p><ul><li>LTS 是 <code>&quot;Long-Term Support&quot;</code> 的缩写，意为长期支持。在软件开发领域，LTS 通常用来描述某个版本或发行版的长期支持周期。</li><li>对于 Linux 发行版或其他软件，LTS 版本通常会提供更长时间的支持和维护，以确保稳定性和安全性。这意味着在 LTS 版本的支持周期内，开发者会持续提供安全补丁、错误修复和其他重要更新，以保持系统的稳定性和可靠性。</li><li>LTS 版本通常适用于企业和组织等需要长期稳定性和可靠性的环境。相比于非 LTS 版本，LTS 版本的更新频率较低，更注重于提供长期支持和维护。</li></ul></div><ul><li>本次选择：</li></ul><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th>系统版本</th><th>说明</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><a href="https://cn.ubuntu.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Ubuntu</a></td><td>LTS 18.04 、LTS 20.04 等</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://almalinux.org/zh-hans/get-almalinux/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">AlmaLinux</a></td><td>9.1、9.2、9.3 等</td></tr></tbody></table><h1 id="第二章-工作和学习环境部署-⭐" tabindex="-1">第二章：工作和学习环境部署（⭐） <a class="header-anchor" href="#第二章-工作和学习环境部署-⭐" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;第二章：工作和学习环境部署（⭐）&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="_2-1-服务器" tabindex="-1">2.1 服务器 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-1-服务器" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.1 服务器&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li><code>服务器</code>是一种专门用于提供服务的计算机系统。它通常具有更高的性能、可靠性和稳定性，以满足处理大量请求和提供持续服务的需求。</li><li><code>服务器</code>的主要功能是接收来自客户端的请求，并提供相应的服务或资源。这些服务可以包括：网站托管、数据库管理、文件存储、电子邮件、应用程序运行等。服务器通过网络与客户端进行通信，处理请求并返回相应的数据或结果。</li><li><code>服务器</code>通常采用高性能的硬件配置，如:多核处理器、大容量内存、高速存储设备等，以确保能够处理大量的并发请求。它们还通常具有冗余的设计，包括冗余电源、冗余网络连接和冗余存储等，以提高可靠性和可用性。</li><li><code>服务器</code>可以是物理服务器，即实际的硬件设备，也可以是虚拟服务器，即在物理服务器上通过虚拟化技术创建的虚拟机。无论是物理服务器还是虚拟服务器，它们都扮演着提供服务和资源的角色。</li><li>在企业和组织中，<code>服务器</code>通常由专门的 IT 团队进行管理和维护。他们负责服务器的配置、安全性、性能优化、备份和恢复等工作，以确保服务器的稳定运行和数据的安全性。</li></ul><div class="tip custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">TIP</p><p></p><p>实际工作的时候，<code>Linux</code> 系统会运行在<code>服务器</code>上。</p></div><h2 id="_2-2-虚拟机概述" tabindex="-1">2.2 虚拟机概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-2-虚拟机概述" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.2 虚拟机概述&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>虚拟机（Virtual Machine，简称 VM）是一种软件实现的<code>计算机系统</code>，它在物理计算机上<code>模拟</code>出一个<code>完整的计算环境</code>。虚拟机可以在同一台物理计算机上同时运行多个独立的操作系统和应用程序。</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/2.CwBlEclN.png" alt="2"></p><ul><li>虚拟机的工作原理是通过<code>虚拟化技术</code>将物理计算机的硬件资源（如：处理器、内存、存储等）进行抽象和分配，为每个虚拟机提供一部分资源。每个虚拟机都被视为一个独立的计算机系统，可以运行自己的操作系统和应用程序。</li><li>虚拟机的优势在于它可以提供<code>隔离性</code>和<code>灵活性</code>。通过虚拟机，可以在同一台物理计算机上同时运行多个操作系统，实现资源的共享和最大化利用。同时，虚拟机还可以提供快速部署、快速备份和恢复等功能，方便管理和维护。</li><li>常见的虚拟机软件，包括：<code>VMware</code>、VirtualBox、KVM 等。它们提供了虚拟化平台和管理工具，使用户可以轻松创建、配置和管理虚拟机。虚拟机广泛应用于开发和测试环境、服务器虚拟化、云计算等领域。</li></ul><div class="warning custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">WARNING</p><p></p><p><code>虚拟机软件</code>和<code>虚拟机</code>的概念不同：</p><ul><li>① <code>虚拟机软件</code>是用来模拟硬件一个<code>软件</code>，如：VMware 等。</li><li>② 而<code>虚拟机</code>是通过虚拟机软件模拟出来的<code>计算机硬件</code>，其实是文件的集合，相当于一台没有安装 Windows 操作系统的<code>裸机</code>。</li><li>③ 在现实交谈的时候，我们有时候会模糊<code>虚拟机软件</code>和<code>虚拟机</code>的概念，甚至会使用<code>虚拟机</code>来代替<code>虚拟机软件</code>；此时，就需要根据<code>上下文环境（语境）</code>来判断到底说的是<code>虚拟机软件</code>还是<code>虚拟机</code>了。</li></ul></div><h2 id="_2-3-安装虚拟机软件" tabindex="-1">2.3 安装虚拟机软件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-3-安装虚拟机软件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.3 安装虚拟机软件&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="_2-3-1-前提条件" tabindex="-1">2.3.1 前提条件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-3-1-前提条件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.3.1 前提条件&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>需要在 BIOS 中开启<code>虚拟化</code>功能。</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/3.J5F_cBhK.png" alt="image-20240117085245337"></p><h3 id="_2-3-2-安装步骤" tabindex="-1">2.3.2 安装步骤 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-3-2-安装步骤" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.3.2 安装步骤&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>① 双击打开 VMware 安装程序 。</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/4.CAszmKOt.png" alt="双击打开VMware安装程序.png"></p><ul><li>② 进行下一步安装：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/5.BQfGVEyZ.png" alt="VMware进行下一步安装.png"></p><ul><li>③ 同意许可协议，单击下一步：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/6.CLrc9soN.png" alt="VMware同意许可协议，单击下一步.png"></p><ul><li>④ 根据需要决定是否需要更改软件的安装位置（建议放置于除 C 盘以外任意盘符下）：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/7.DN8V10Y_.png" alt="VMware更改安装位置.png"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/8.D39YC8gl.png" alt="VMware更改安装位置成功.png"></p><ul><li>⑤ 更改成功后，单击确定，下一步继续安装：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/9.17u_HlGd.png" alt="VMware更改成功后，单击确定，下一步继续安装.png"></p><ul><li>⑥ 用户体验设置，如下图所示，单击下一步继续安装：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/10.ClTZ3WGc.png" alt="VMware用户体验设置，如下图所示，单击下一步继续安装.png"></p><ul><li>⑦ 快捷方式设置，单击下一步继续安装：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/11.BEz_Ueiq.png" alt="VMware快捷方式设置，单击下一步继续安装.png"></p><ul><li>⑧ 单击安装按钮：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/12.BX5Yqj5T.png" alt="VMware单击安装按钮.png"></p><ul><li>⑨ VMware 输入许可证：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/13.CXCdllxm.png" alt="VMware单击许可证.png"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/14.BVmXN0Tc.png" alt="VMware输入许可证.png"></p><ul><li>⑩ 安装结束后，单击完成按钮：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/15.DAQyYfi-.png" alt="VMware安装结束后，单击完成按钮.png"></p><ul><li>⑪ 检查虚拟机软件是否安装了虚拟网卡：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/16.Gdhu77aY.png" alt="查看VMware安装的虚拟网卡.png"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/17.DsINmFjQ.png" alt="查看VMware安装的虚拟网卡1.png"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/18.BCiTOjnr.png" alt="查看VMware安装的虚拟网卡2.png"></p><h3 id="_2-3-2-配置网络" tabindex="-1">2.3.2 配置网络 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-3-2-配置网络" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.3.2 配置网络&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>① 打开 VMware 虚拟机软件：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/19.CUjVh_kW.png" alt="image-20240116202917529"></p><ul><li>② 编辑 → 虚拟网络编辑器：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/20.N7tf9IgN.png" alt="image-20240116202955131"></p><ul><li>③ Vmnet8 → 更改设置：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/21.CzUVXQR5.png" alt="image-20240116203207282"></p><ul><li>④ 更改子网 IP 地址为 ：<code>192.168.10.0</code> ，其目的是为了将 IP 固定。</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/22.BzU-TuNg.png" alt="image-20240116203357894"></p><ul><li>⑤ DHCP 设置：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/23.Ct4XJ04a.png" alt="image-20240116203529749"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/24.BbQXeCz0.png" alt="image-20240116203627959"></p><ul><li>⑤ 通过 <code>cmd</code> ，输入 <code>ipconfig</code> 命令，查看是否配置成功：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/25.DJbYcERe.gif" alt=""></p><h2 id="_2-4-创建虚拟机" tabindex="-1">2.4 创建虚拟机 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-4-创建虚拟机" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.4 创建虚拟机&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="_2-4-1-概述" tabindex="-1">2.4.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-4-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.4.1 概述&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>创建虚拟机，本质上就类似购买一台没有安装操作系统的<code>裸机</code>。</li></ul><h3 id="_2-4-2-创建虚拟机" tabindex="-1">2.4.2 创建虚拟机 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-4-2-创建虚拟机" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.4.2 创建虚拟机&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>① 文件 → 新建虚拟机：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/26.C1Uhi5h_.png" alt="image-20240117090352182"></p><ul><li>② 选择<code>自定义</code>类型的配置：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/27.C6VtVWo9.png" alt="image-20240117090443216"></p><ul><li>③ 虚拟机硬件兼容性：下一步即可。</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/28.AcLxveS_.png" alt="image-20240117090529266"></p><ul><li>④ 选择<code>稍后安装操作系统</code>：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/29.BRaVNbyO.png" alt="image-20240117090636337"></p><ul><li>⑤ 选择虚拟机将安装的操作系统：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/30.6rXr5Pik.png" alt="image-20240117090805295"></p><ul><li>⑥ 设置虚拟机的<code>名称</code>和<code>安装位置</code>：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/31.BwNS-NE0.png" alt="image-20240117090944676"></p><div class="warning custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">WARNING</p><p></p><p>一个虚拟机一个安装目录（文件夹），防止引起文件的冲突。</p></div><ul><li>⑦ 虚拟机中处理器的配置：下一步即可。</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/32.Ck0pyuVo.png" alt="image-20240117091051284"></p><ul><li>⑧ 设置虚拟机的<code>内存</code>：至少 2048 MB以上。</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/33.CIADsdCq.png" alt="image-20240117091202131"></p><ul><li>⑨ 设置虚拟机的<code>网络类型</code>：下一步即可。</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/34.BzV_SbBH.png" alt="image-20240117091257738"></p><ul><li>⑩ 设置 I/O 控制器类型：下一步即可。</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/35.Bo4HrWyt.png" alt="image-20240117091402913"></p><ul><li>⑪ 选择磁盘类型：下一步即可。</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/36.BxT6-BCD.png" alt="image-20240117091540264"></p><ul><li>⑫ 选择磁盘：下一步即可。</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/37.D0PjA9j9.png" alt="image-20240117091640870"></p><ul><li>⑬ 选择磁盘容量：调整为 40 GB。</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/38.LpyAfrIN.png" alt="image-20240117091832846"></p><ul><li>⑭ 指定磁盘文件：下一步即可。</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/39.CjHtwv05.png" alt="image-20240117091907233"></p><ul><li>⑮ 创建虚拟机完毕：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/40.LhfUlLI-.png" alt="image-20240117092013264"></p><ul><li>⑯ 查看是否创建虚拟机成功：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/41.B-IGvwPu.png" alt="image-20240117092101810"></p><h3 id="_2-4-3-虚拟机归类-分类" tabindex="-1">2.4.3 虚拟机归类（分类） <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-4-3-虚拟机归类-分类" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.4.3 虚拟机归类（分类）&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>实际情况下，我们可能会创建很多<code>虚拟机</code>，VMware 提供了<code>文件夹</code>的功能来管理虚拟机；其步骤如下所示：</li><li>① 鼠标右键 → 创建文件夹：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/42.Cv35kD3U.png" alt="image-20240117092324545"></p><ul><li>② 修改文件夹的名称：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/43.CbWzg9Wo.png" alt="image-20240117092600931"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/44.D0jAKgHg.png" alt="image-20240117092643086"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/45.N7X5TJ78.png" alt="image-20240117092720769"></p><ul><li>③ 将刚才创建的虚拟机<code>拖</code>到该文件夹下：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/46.Bfq_dWxy.gif" alt=""></p><h3 id="_2-4-4-设置-cd-dvd" tabindex="-1">2.4.4 设置 CD/DVD <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-4-4-设置-cd-dvd" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.4.4 设置 CD/DVD&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>以前，我们在一台裸机上安装操作系统的时候，需要通过 DVD 或 U 盘将操作系统的 ISO 镜像文件，安装到裸机上；</li><li>同理，在使用虚拟机软件的时候，也需要此类步骤；其步骤如下：</li><li>① 编辑虚拟机设置：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/47.BnxhU1Er.png" alt="image-20240117093143947"></p><ul><li>② 选择硬盘上的 ISO 镜像文件：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/48.BAsbyP0b.png" alt="image-20240117093354461"></p><ul><li>③ 查看是否配置成功：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/49.Czjh0en6.png" alt="image-20240117093435976"></p><h2 id="_2-5-安装-linux" tabindex="-1">2.5 安装 Linux <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-5-安装-linux" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.5 安装 Linux&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>① <code>开启此虚拟机</code>：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/50.pb4ZrBK3.png" alt="image-20240117093516070"></p><ul><li>② <code>鼠标点击</code>进去之后，通过键盘上的<code>方向键</code>来选择：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/51.BEihShbE.png" alt="image-20240117093610205"></p><ul><li>注意⚠️：键盘上的<code>方向键</code>在这里</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/52.BSludYI3.png" alt="image-20240117093918602"></p><ul><li>③ 设置操作系统的<code>语言</code>环境为<code>中文</code>：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/53.BTEDiHxD.png" alt="image-20240117094530342"></p><ul><li>④ 设置系统<code>安装目的地</code>：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/54.DJgIi8D8.gif" alt=""></p><ul><li>⑤ 设置<code>软件选择</code>：默认即可</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/55.zm-zQ_F1.gif" alt=""></p><ul><li>⑥ 设置 root 的密码：<code>123456</code>即可</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/56.iRSQZsQa.gif" alt=""></p><div class="warning custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">WARNING</p><p></p><p>学习阶段无所谓设置什么密码，但是生产环境，必须复杂并且经常更换！！！</p></div><ul><li>⑦ 配置<code>网络和主机名</code>：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/57.3eVV4F-7.png" alt="image-20240224223931266"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/58.D-VKF5St.png" alt="image-20240224224038036"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/59.B047UE9Q.png" alt="image-20240224224138061"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/60.KLI33bZr.png" alt="image-20240224224209724"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/61.BBalzc2n.png" alt="image-20240224224245924"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/62.Du3ee2TL.png" alt="image-20240224224344051"></p><ul><li>⑧ 查看<code>配置网络和主机名</code>是否成功：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/63.DeGflip3.png" alt="image-20240224224420273"></p><ul><li>⑨ 点击<code>开始安装</code>：漫长的等待……</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/64.X4Oech2H.gif" alt=""></p><ul><li>⑩ 安装完成之后，会提示<code>重启系统</code>，那就重启吧：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/65.BZJUBf4b.gif" alt=""></p><h2 id="_2-6-远程连接-linux" tabindex="-1">2.6 远程连接 Linux <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-6-远程连接-linux" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.6 远程连接 Linux&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="_2-6-1-查看-linux-的-ip-地址" tabindex="-1">2.6.1 查看 Linux 的 IP 地址 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-6-1-查看-linux-的-ip-地址" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.6.1 查看 Linux 的 IP 地址&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>通过 <code>ifconfig</code> 命令来查看 Linux 的 IP 地址：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">ifconfig</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/66.Du24cqu2.png" alt="image-20240117101543732"></p><h3 id="_2-6-2-远程连接-linux" tabindex="-1">2.6.2 远程连接 Linux <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-6-2-远程连接-linux" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.6.2 远程连接 Linux&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>可以通过 xshell 之类的远程连接工具来连接 Linux ，其步骤如下：</li><li>① 新建会话：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/67.DGRQBd15.png" alt="image-20240117101749340"></p><ul><li>② 输入 Linux 的 IP 地址：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/68.TYMcAvQa.png" alt="image-20240117101906927"></p><ul><li>③ 输入用户名和密码：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/69.C49YAL2E.png" alt="image-20240117102005340"></p><ul><li>④ 接收和保存远程 Linux 的密钥：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/70.Ds8vRWei.png" alt="image-20240117102123845"></p><ul><li>⑤ 查看是否登录成功：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/71.9uHHAi6D.png" alt="image-20240117102159684"></p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-39a288b8 data-v-e257564d><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-e257564d><!----><div class="last-updated" data-v-e257564d><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-e257564d data-v-e98dd255>上次更新: <time datetime="2024-08-01T02:00:11.000Z" 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