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@ -1 +1 @@
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id="第一章-开发环境的安装和配置-⭐" tabindex="-1">第一章：开发环境的安装和配置（⭐） <a class="header-anchor" href="#第一章-开发环境的安装和配置-⭐" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;第一章：开发环境的安装和配置（⭐）&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="_1-1-什么是编译器" tabindex="-1">1.1 什么是编译器？ <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-1-什么是编译器" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.1 什么是编译器？&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>要开发 C/C++ 程序，需要安装 C/C++ 编译器，目前有两种主流实现，即： <ul><li>GCC（GNU Compiler Collection）：全平台实现，即支持 Windows、MacOS、Linux 等。</li><li>MSVC（Microsoft Visual C++）：只支持 Windows 系统。</li></ul></li><li>GCC 在 Windows 上的版本有很多，如：<a href="https://www.mingw-w64.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">MinGW-w64</a>、<a href="https://cygwin.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Gygwin</a>、<a href="https://www.msys2.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">MSYS2</a>。它们之间的区别，如下所示：</li></ul><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th>特性</th><th>MinGW-w64</th><th>Cygwin</th><th>MSYS2</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>简介</strong></td><td>Minimalist GNU for Windows</td><td>POSIX 兼容环境和工具集</td><td>结合了 MinGW 和 Cygwin 的工具集</td></tr><tr><td><strong>编译器</strong></td><td>提供 GCC 编译器</td><td>提供 POSIX 兼容环境，包含大量工具</td><td>提供 MinGW-w64 工具链和 Cygwin 环境</td></tr><tr><td><strong>生成文件</strong></td><td>Windows 原生可执行文件</td><td>POSIX 兼容的可执行文件</td><td>可以生成 Windows 原生可执行文件或 POSIX 文件</td></tr><tr><td><strong>依赖</strong></td><td>无需额外依赖</td><td>依赖 Cygwin DLL</td><td>根据使用工具链决定（MinGW-w64 无依赖，Cygwin 有依赖）</td></tr><tr><td><strong>工具和库</strong></td><td>基本的编译工具</td><td>丰富的 Unix 工具和库</td><td>丰富的工具和库，强大的包管理系统</td></tr><tr><td><strong>性能</strong></td><td>性能较好</td><td>可能较低，因为通过兼容层调用系统</td><td>取决于使用的工具链（MinGW-w64 性能较好）</td></tr><tr><td><strong>复杂度</strong></td><td>简单易用</td><td>设置和使用相对复杂</td><td>较为灵活，复杂度介于 MinGW-w64 和 Cygwin 之间</td></tr><tr><td><strong>适用场景</strong></td><td>开发 Windows 原生应用</td><td>运行和开发 Unix 程序</td><td>混合使用 Unix 工具和开发 Windows 原生应用</td></tr><tr><td><strong>优点</strong></td><td>轻量级，直接生成 Windows 应用</td><td>完整的 POSIX 兼容环境，丰富的工具</td><td>灵活的环境，强大的包管理系统</td></tr><tr><td><strong>缺点</strong></td><td>工具和库较少</td><td>生成文件依赖 Cygwin DLL，性能可能较低</td><td>环境较大，占用更多空间，复杂性比 MinGW-w64 高</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① MinGW-w64 、Cygwin 以及 MSYS2 任选其一安装即可。</li><li>② 目前的 Win10 和 Win11 版本支持 WSL2 （Windows Sub Linux 2 ，即 Windows 的子系统 Linux），可以实现在 Windows 系统上安装一个 Linux ，然后再运行 Linux 中的 GCC 工具链。</li><li>③ 本人的操作系统是 Win11 ，安装和配置都将以该系统为基础作为演示，后续不再赘述！！！</li></ul></div><h2 id="_1-2-编译器的安装和配置" tabindex="-1">1.2 编译器的安装和配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-编译器的安装和配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.2 编译器的安装和配置&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="_1-2-2-mingw-w64-的安装和配置" tabindex="-1">1.2.2 MinGW-w64 的安装和配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-2-mingw-w64-的安装和配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.2.2 MinGW-w64 的安装和配置&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="_1-2-2-1-安装" tabindex="-1">1.2.2.1 安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-2-1-安装" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.2.2.1 安装&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>下载到本地：略。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>下载地址在<a href="https://github.com/niXman/mingw-builds-binaries/releases/download/13.2.0-rt_v11-rev1/x86_64-13.2.0-release-posix-seh-ucrt-rt_v11-rev1.7z" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">这里</a>。</p></div><p><img src="'+l+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>解压到指定的目录，即：</li></ul><p><img src="'+e+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>本人的解压目录是：<code>D:\\develop\\mingw64</code> 。</p></div><h4 id="_1-2-2-2-配置-path-环境变量" tabindex="-1">1.2.2.2 配置 path 环境变量 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-2-2-配置-path-环境变量" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.2.2.2 配置 path 环境变量&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>配置环境变量，以便任意目录都可以执行 gcc 命令，即：</li></ul><p><img src="'+p+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+t+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+r+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+c+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+h+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>因为，本人安装 MinGW-w64 的目录是 <code>D:\\develop\\mingw64</code>，所以本人需要配置的 path 环境变量就是<code>D:\\develop\\mingw64\\bin</code>。</p></div><p><img src="'+d+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>测试是否安装成功：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --version</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+o+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_1-2-3-cygwin-的安装和配置" tabindex="-1">1.2.3 Cygwin 的安装和配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-3-cygwin-的安装和配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.2.3 Cygwin 的安装和配置&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="_1-2-3-1-安装" tabindex="-1">1.2.3.1 安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-3-1-安装" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.2.3.1 安装&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>下载到本地：略。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>下载地址在<a href="https://www.cygwin.com/install.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">这里</a>。</p></div><p><img src="'+k+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>点击安装：</li></ul><p><img src="'+u+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+g+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+b+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+m+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+E+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+C+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+y+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+F+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>默认是最小化安装，没有 GCC，需要选择 gcc-core、gcc-g++、make、gdb、binutils 。</p></div><p><img src="'+_+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+v+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+B+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+f+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+A+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+D+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+x+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+q+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+w+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h4 id="_1-2-3-2-配置-path-环境变量" tabindex="-1">1.2.3.2 配置 path 环境变量 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-3-2-配置-path-环境变量" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.2.3.2 配置 path 环境变量&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>和 <code>1.2.2.2 配置 path 环境变量</code> 步骤相同：略。</li></ul><h3 id="_1-2-4-msys2-推荐" tabindex="-1">1.2.4 MSYS2（推荐） <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-4-msys2-推荐" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.2.4 MSYS2（推荐）&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="_1-2-4-1-安装" tabindex="-1">1.2.4.1 安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-4-1-安装" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.2.4.1 安装&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>下载到本地：略。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>下载地址在<a href="https://www.msys2.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">这里</a>。</p></div><p><img src="'+S+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>点击安装：</li></ul><p><img src="'+L+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+z+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+P+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+T+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>可能很多人，会遇到安装到 <code>50%</code> 就一直卡死在那边，不用慌，关闭它，再次重新安装即可。</p></div><p><img src="'+W+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>出现命令终端：</li></ul><p><img src="'+M+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>如果没有出现命令终端，也不要慌，去 Win11 操作系统的<code>开始</code>菜单，那边找一下，就能找到。</p></div><ul><li>替换清华镜像源（可选）：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sed</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -i</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> \\</span></span>
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id="第一章-开发环境的安装和配置-⭐" tabindex="-1">第一章：开发环境的安装和配置（⭐） <a class="header-anchor" href="#第一章-开发环境的安装和配置-⭐" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;第一章：开发环境的安装和配置（⭐）&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="_1-1-什么是编译器" tabindex="-1">1.1 什么是编译器？ <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-1-什么是编译器" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.1 什么是编译器？&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>要开发 C/C++ 程序，需要安装 C/C++ 编译器，目前有两种主流实现，即： <ul><li>GCC（GNU Compiler Collection）：全平台实现，即支持 Windows、MacOS、Linux 等。</li><li>MSVC（Microsoft Visual C++）：只支持 Windows 系统。</li></ul></li><li>GCC 在 Windows 上的版本有很多，如：<a href="https://www.mingw-w64.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">MinGW-w64</a>、<a href="https://cygwin.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Gygwin</a>、<a href="https://www.msys2.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">MSYS2</a>。它们之间的区别，如下所示：</li></ul><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th>特性</th><th>MinGW-w64</th><th>Cygwin</th><th>MSYS2</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>简介</strong></td><td>Minimalist GNU for Windows</td><td>POSIX 兼容环境和工具集</td><td>结合了 MinGW 和 Cygwin 的工具集</td></tr><tr><td><strong>编译器</strong></td><td>提供 GCC 编译器</td><td>提供 POSIX 兼容环境，包含大量工具</td><td>提供 MinGW-w64 工具链和 Cygwin 环境</td></tr><tr><td><strong>生成文件</strong></td><td>Windows 原生可执行文件</td><td>POSIX 兼容的可执行文件</td><td>可以生成 Windows 原生可执行文件或 POSIX 文件</td></tr><tr><td><strong>依赖</strong></td><td>无需额外依赖</td><td>依赖 Cygwin DLL</td><td>根据使用工具链决定（MinGW-w64 无依赖，Cygwin 有依赖）</td></tr><tr><td><strong>工具和库</strong></td><td>基本的编译工具</td><td>丰富的 Unix 工具和库</td><td>丰富的工具和库，强大的包管理系统</td></tr><tr><td><strong>性能</strong></td><td>性能较好</td><td>可能较低，因为通过兼容层调用系统</td><td>取决于使用的工具链（MinGW-w64 性能较好）</td></tr><tr><td><strong>复杂度</strong></td><td>简单易用</td><td>设置和使用相对复杂</td><td>较为灵活，复杂度介于 MinGW-w64 和 Cygwin 之间</td></tr><tr><td><strong>适用场景</strong></td><td>开发 Windows 原生应用</td><td>运行和开发 Unix 程序</td><td>混合使用 Unix 工具和开发 Windows 原生应用</td></tr><tr><td><strong>优点</strong></td><td>轻量级，直接生成 Windows 应用</td><td>完整的 POSIX 兼容环境，丰富的工具</td><td>灵活的环境，强大的包管理系统</td></tr><tr><td><strong>缺点</strong></td><td>工具和库较少</td><td>生成文件依赖 Cygwin DLL，性能可能较低</td><td>环境较大，占用更多空间，复杂性比 MinGW-w64 高</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① MinGW-w64 、Cygwin 以及 MSYS2 任选其一安装即可。</li><li>② 目前的 Win10 和 Win11 版本支持 WSL2 （Windows Sub Linux 2 ，即 Windows 的子系统 Linux），可以实现在 Windows 系统上安装一个 Linux ，然后再运行 Linux 中的 GCC 工具链。</li><li>③ 本人的操作系统是 Win11 ，安装和配置都将以该系统为基础作为演示，后续不再赘述！！！</li></ul></div><h2 id="_1-2-编译器的安装和配置" tabindex="-1">1.2 编译器的安装和配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-编译器的安装和配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.2 编译器的安装和配置&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="_1-2-2-mingw-w64-的安装和配置" tabindex="-1">1.2.2 MinGW-w64 的安装和配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-2-mingw-w64-的安装和配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.2.2 MinGW-w64 的安装和配置&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="_1-2-2-1-安装" tabindex="-1">1.2.2.1 安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-2-1-安装" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.2.2.1 安装&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>下载到本地：略。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>下载地址在<a href="https://github.com/niXman/mingw-builds-binaries/releases/download/13.2.0-rt_v11-rev1/x86_64-13.2.0-release-posix-seh-ucrt-rt_v11-rev1.7z" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">这里</a>。</p></div><p><img src="'+l+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>解压到指定的目录，即：</li></ul><p><img src="'+e+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>本人的解压目录是：<code>D:\\develop\\mingw64</code> 。</p></div><h4 id="_1-2-2-2-配置-path-环境变量" tabindex="-1">1.2.2.2 配置 path 环境变量 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-2-2-配置-path-环境变量" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.2.2.2 配置 path 环境变量&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>配置环境变量，以便任意目录都可以执行 gcc 命令，即：</li></ul><p><img src="'+p+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+t+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+r+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+c+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+h+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>因为，本人安装 MinGW-w64 的目录是 <code>D:\\develop\\mingw64</code>，所以本人需要配置的 path 环境变量就是<code>D:\\develop\\mingw64\\bin</code>。</p></div><p><img src="'+d+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>测试是否安装成功：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --version</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+o+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_1-2-3-cygwin-的安装和配置" tabindex="-1">1.2.3 Cygwin 的安装和配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-3-cygwin-的安装和配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.2.3 Cygwin 的安装和配置&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="_1-2-3-1-安装" tabindex="-1">1.2.3.1 安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-3-1-安装" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.2.3.1 安装&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>下载到本地：略。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>下载地址在<a href="https://www.cygwin.com/install.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">这里</a>。</p></div><p><img src="'+k+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>点击安装：</li></ul><p><img src="'+u+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+g+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+b+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+m+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+E+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+C+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+y+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+F+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>默认是最小化安装，没有 GCC，需要选择 gcc-core、gcc-g++、make、gdb、binutils 。</p></div><p><img src="'+_+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+v+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+B+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+f+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+A+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+D+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+x+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+q+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+w+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h4 id="_1-2-3-2-配置-path-环境变量" tabindex="-1">1.2.3.2 配置 path 环境变量 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-3-2-配置-path-环境变量" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.2.3.2 配置 path 环境变量&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>和 <code>1.2.2.2 配置 path 环境变量</code> 步骤相同：略。</li></ul><h3 id="_1-2-4-msys2-推荐" tabindex="-1">1.2.4 MSYS2（推荐） <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-4-msys2-推荐" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.2.4 MSYS2（推荐）&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="_1-2-4-1-安装" tabindex="-1">1.2.4.1 安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-4-1-安装" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.2.4.1 安装&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>下载到本地：略。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>下载地址在<a href="https://www.msys2.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">这里</a>。</p></div><p><img src="'+S+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>点击安装：</li></ul><p><img src="'+L+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+z+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+P+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+T+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>可能很多人，会遇到安装到 <code>50%</code> 就一直卡死在那边，不用慌，关闭它，再次重新安装即可。</p></div><p><img src="'+W+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>出现命令终端：</li></ul><p><img src="'+M+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>如果没有出现命令终端，也不要慌，去 Win11 操作系统的<code>开始</code>菜单，那边找一下，就能找到。</p></div><ul><li>替换清华镜像源（可选）：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sed</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -i</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> \\</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;s#https\\?://mirror.msys2.org/#https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/msys2/#g&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> \\</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">*</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><p><img src="`+O+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装 gcc 等相关开发包：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">pacman</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -Syu</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --noconfirm</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 更新包管理器</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">pacman</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -Sy</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> base-devel</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --noconfirm</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 安装开发工具包</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">pacman</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -Sy</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> mingw-w64-ucrt-x86_64-toolchain</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --noconfirm</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 安装开发 gcc 相关工具链</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>也许，你会看到其他人的安装命令是 <code>pacman -Sy mingw-w64-x86_64-toolchain --noconfirm</code>，此处解释下两者的区别：</p><ul><li>① <code>mingw-w64-x86_64-toolchain</code> 使用更传统的 MSVCRT，适合需要经典 MinGW 环境的项目或依赖较老 C 运行时的应用。</li><li>② <code>mingw-w64-ucrt-x86_64-toolchain</code> 使用 Microsoft 的 UCRT，更适合现代 Windows 开发，提供更好的兼容性和性能。</li></ul></div><p><img src="'+U+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h4 id="_1-2-4-2-配置-path-环境变量" tabindex="-1">1.2.4.2 配置 path 环境变量 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-4-2-配置-path-环境变量" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.2.4.2 配置 path 环境变量&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>和 <code>1.2.2.2 配置 path 环境变量</code> 步骤相同：略。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>本人需要配置的 path 环境变量是 <code>C:\\msys64\\ucrt64\\bin</code> 。</p></div><h2 id="_1-3-什么是-ide-集成开发环境" tabindex="-1">1.3 什么是 IDE（集成开发环境）？ <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-3-什么是-ide-集成开发环境" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.3 什么是 IDE（集成开发环境）？&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li><p>在实际开发中，除了<code>编译器</code>是必须安装的工具之外，我们往往还需要很多其他的辅助软件，如下所示：</p><ul><li>编辑器：用来编写代码，并且给代码着色，以方便阅读。</li><li>代码提示器：输入部分代码，即可提示全部代码，加速代码的编写过程。</li><li>调试器：观察程序的每一个运行步骤，发现程序的逻辑错误。</li><li>项目管理工具：对程序涉及到的所有资源进行管理，包括：源文件、图片、视频、第三方库等。</li><li>漂亮的界面：各种按钮、面板、菜单、窗口等控件整齐排布，操作更方便。</li></ul></li><li><p>这些工具通常被打包在一起，统一安装和发布，如：Visual Studio、CLion 以及 VS Code ，通常统称为集成开发环境（IDE，Integrated Development Environment）。</p></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① IDE（集成开发环境）就是一系列开发工具的组合套装。这就好比台式机，核心部件是主机。主机就相当于 IDE 的代码编辑器和编译器，有了它们，开发者就可以进行基本的编程工作。然而，正如我们在购买台式机时，通常还会附带显示器、键盘、鼠标、U盘、摄像头等外围设备，IDE 也同样提供了一系列额外的工具和插件，比如：调试器、版本控制集成、代码补全、代码重构工具等。这些“外围设备”让开发过程更加高效、直观，并且能够满足更多的开发需求，使得 IDE 成为一个完整的开发环境。</li><li>② 严格来讲， VS Code 属于编辑器，而不是 IDE；但是，可以通过安装各种插件，来完成 IDE 的功能；而 Visual Studio 和 CLion 属于 IDE。</li><li>③ 在实际开发中，使用 IDE 进行编程并不是一种非常丢人的事情。而使用编辑器，如：<code>记事本</code>、<code>vi/vim</code> 等，进行编程，也并不是一件非常骄傲的事情。可能有些人会在网上发布这样的言论：“学习编程，刚开始需要使用<code>记事本</code>或 <code>vi/vim</code>等简单的编辑器软件，不要使用 IDE ”，目的可能是为了让初学者熟悉编程的基础概念和语法，并避免依赖 IDE 的辅助功能。但是，这种方法或许可以起到锻炼基础技能的功能，但这并不意味着 IDE 就不适合初学者。事实上，许多 IDE 还提供了初学者友好的界面和工具，可以帮助新手更快地入门和理解编程。</li></ul></div><h2 id="_1-43-ide-的安装和配置" tabindex="-1">1.43 IDE 的安装和配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-43-ide-的安装和配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.43 IDE 的安装和配置&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="_1-4-1-clion" tabindex="-1">1.4.1 CLion <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-1-clion" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.4.1 CLion&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="_1-4-1-1-概述" tabindex="-1">1.4.1.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-1-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.4.1.1 概述&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><a href="https://www.jetbrains.com/clion/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">CLion</a> 是一款由 JetBrains 推出的跨平台 C/C++ 集成开发环境（IDE），它具有智能编辑器、CMake 构建支持、调试器、单元测试、代码分析等功能，可以极大提高 C/C++ 开发效率。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 本次，演示的 CLion 的安装版本是 2024.1.4 ，后续版本可能会更新，但是操作几乎不会发生太多变化！！！</li><li>② CLion 作为一个 IDE，本身就携带了各个平台（操作系统）的 C 语言编译器，如：Windows 中就是 MinGW；但是，CLion 中自带的 C 语言编译器版本可能并非我们实际开发所想要的，这也是在 Windows 中，为什么推荐使用 MSYS2 的原因所在。</li></ul></div><h4 id="_1-4-1-2-安装" tabindex="-1">1.4.1.2 安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-1-2-安装" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.4.1.2 安装&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>鼠标双击，进入安装：</li></ul><p><img src="'+R+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>下一步：</li></ul><p><img src="'+N+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>下一步：</li></ul><p><img src="'+I+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>下一步：</li></ul><p><img src="'+V+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装：</li></ul><p><img src="'+G+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装完成：</li></ul><p><img src="'+X+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h4 id="_1-4-1-3-配置" tabindex="-1">1.4.1.3 配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-1-3-配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.4.1.3 配置&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>打开 CLion ：</li></ul><p><img src="'+$+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装中文插件（可选）：</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>对于以中文、韩语和日语为母语的开发者，CLion 在 2024.2 之后的版本就绑定了本地化插件，即不需要再安装本地化插件了。</p></div><p><img src="'+H+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+K+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>配置新 UI ：</li></ul><p><img src="'+Q+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+Y+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>新 UI 配置自定义字体（可选）：</li></ul><p><img src="'+j+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>配置<code>自动保存</code>功能：</li></ul><p><img src="'+J+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>配置<code>文件编码</code> 为 UTF-8：</li></ul><p><img src="'+Z+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>配置<code>控制台编码</code>为 UTF-8：</li></ul><p><img src="'+ss+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>配置<code>显示方法分隔符</code>功能：</li></ul><p><img src="'+as+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>配置<code>编辑器</code>的字体（可选）：</li></ul><p><img src="'+is+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>检测 GCC 工具链是否安装成功：</li></ul><p><img src="'+ns+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_1-4-2-vs-code" tabindex="-1">1.4.2 VS Code <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-2-vs-code" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.4.2 VS Code&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="_1-4-2-1-概述" tabindex="-1">1.4.2.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-2-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.4.2.1 概述&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><a href="https://code.visualstudio.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Visual Studio Code (VS Code)</a> 是一个免费的开源代码编辑器，适用于 Windows、MacOS 和 Linux 平台。它支持语法高亮、智能代码补全（IntelliSense）、内置调试工具和Git集成。用户可以通过扩展来添加更多功能，如：支持新的编程语言、主题和调试工具。VS Code 还支持在微软 Azure 上进行部署和托管，适用于各种编程语言和框架。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① Visual Studio Code 需要安装对应的插件，才能运行 C/C++ 代码。</li><li>② Visual Studio Code 除了开源免费的优点之外，还有一个优点就是插件巨多（几乎所有主流的编程语言都提供有对应的插件），这也是很多程序员喜欢使用它的原因。</li></ul></div><h4 id="_1-4-2-2-安装" tabindex="-1">1.4.2.2 安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-2-2-安装" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.4.2.2 安装&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>鼠标双击，进入安装：</li></ul><p><img src="'+ls+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>同意协议：</li></ul><p><img src="'+es+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>下一步：</li></ul><p><img src="'+ps+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>下一步：</li></ul><p><img src="'+ts+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>下一步：</li></ul><p><img src="'+rs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装：</li></ul><p><img src="'+cs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装过程：</li></ul><p><img src="'+hs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装完成：</li></ul><p><img src="'+ds+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h4 id="_1-4-2-3-配置" tabindex="-1">1.4.2.3 配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-2-3-配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.4.2.3 配置&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>安装<code>中文</code>插件：</li></ul><p><img src="'+os+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+ks+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装 <code>C/C++</code> 插件：</li></ul><p><img src="'+us+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+gs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_1-4-3-microsoft-visual-studio" tabindex="-1">1.4.3 Microsoft Visual Studio <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-3-microsoft-visual-studio" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.4.3 Microsoft Visual Studio&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="_1-4-3-1-概述" tabindex="-1">1.4.3.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-3-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.4.3.1 概述&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><a href="https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Visual Studio</a>（简称 VS）是由微软公司发布的集成开发环境。它包括了整个软件生命周期中所需要的大部分工具，如：UML 工具、代码管控工具、项目版本控制 Git 等。</li><li>Visual Studio 支持 C/C++、C#、F#、VB 等多种程序语言的开发和测试，可以用于生成 Web 应用程序，也可以生成桌面应用程序，功能十分强大，但下载和安装很可能耗时数小时，还可能会塞满磁盘。</li><li>Visual Studio 有三种版本：社区版（免费，不支持企业使用），专业版（收费）和企业版（收费）。企业版拥有面向架构师的功能、高级调试和测试，这些功能是另外两种版本所没有的。</li><li>Visual Studio 旨在成为世界上最好的 IDE（集成开发环境），号称“宇宙第一强大 IDE”。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>本次，演示的 Visual Studio 的安装版本是 Visual Studio 2022 ，后续版本可能会更新，但是操作几乎不会发生太多变化！！！</p></div><h4 id="_1-4-3-2-安装" tabindex="-1">1.4.3.2 安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-3-2-安装" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.4.3.2 安装&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>鼠标双击，进入安装：</li></ul><p><img src="'+bs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>继续：</li></ul><p><img src="'+ms+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>等待：</li></ul><p><img src="'+Es+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>工作负荷（使用 C++ 的桌面开发）：</li></ul><p><img src="'+Cs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>单个组件：</li></ul><p><img src="'+ys+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>语言包：</li></ul><p><img src="'+Fs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装位置（修改默认的安装位置）：</li></ul><p><img src="'+_s+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>如果不是第一次安装，可能会出现<code>共享组件、工具和 SDK</code>不可以修改，即：</li></ul><p><img src="'+vs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>此时，就需要打开<code>注册表编辑器</code>，将如下图中的除了第一个选项，全部删除，然后关闭再重新安装，即：</li></ul><p><img src="'+Bs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>开始安装：</li></ul><p><img src="'+fs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装中：</li></ul><p><img src="'+As+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装完成，然后关闭：</li></ul><p><img src="'+Ds+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h4 id="_1-4-3-3-配置" tabindex="-1">1.4.3.3 配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-3-3-配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.4.3.3 配置&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>在开始菜单处，启动 VS ：</li></ul><p><img src="'+xs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>登录或跳过该选项（有微软账号就注册，没有就暂时跳过）：</li></ul><p><img src="'+qs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>继续：</li></ul><p><img src="'+ws+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>注册 VS ：</li></ul><p><img src="'+Ss+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>填写注册码：</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① Pro 版本：<code>TD244-P4NB7-YQ6XK-Y8MMM-YWV2J</code></li><li>② Enterprise 版本：<code>VHF9H-NXBBB-638P6-6JHCY-88JWH</code></li></ul></div><p><img src="'+Ls+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+zs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h1 id="第二章-c-语言入门-helloworld-⭐" tabindex="-1">第二章：C 语言入门（HelloWorld，⭐） <a class="header-anchor" href="#第二章-c-语言入门-helloworld-⭐" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;第二章：C 语言入门（HelloWorld，⭐）&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="_2-1-手动版" tabindex="-1">2.1 手动版 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-1-手动版" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.1 手动版&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>① 新建一个 <code>HelloWorld.c</code> 的文件：</li></ul><p><img src="'+Ps+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>② 通过<code>记事本</code>等软件打开该文件，输入如下的代码，并保存：</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &lt;stdio.h&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">*</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><p><img src="`+U+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装 gcc 等相关开发包：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">pacman</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -Syu</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --noconfirm</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 更新包管理器</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">pacman</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -Sy</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> base-devel</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --noconfirm</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 安装开发工具包</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">pacman</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -Sy</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> mingw-w64-ucrt-x86_64-toolchain</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --noconfirm</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 安装开发 gcc 相关工具链</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>也许，你会看到其他人的安装命令是 <code>pacman -Sy mingw-w64-x86_64-toolchain --noconfirm</code>，此处解释下两者的区别：</p><ul><li>① <code>mingw-w64-x86_64-toolchain</code> 使用更传统的 MSVCRT，适合需要经典 MinGW 环境的项目或依赖较老 C 运行时的应用。</li><li>② <code>mingw-w64-ucrt-x86_64-toolchain</code> 使用 Microsoft 的 UCRT，更适合现代 Windows 开发，提供更好的兼容性和性能。</li></ul></div><p><img src="'+O+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h4 id="_1-2-4-2-配置-path-环境变量" tabindex="-1">1.2.4.2 配置 path 环境变量 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-4-2-配置-path-环境变量" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.2.4.2 配置 path 环境变量&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>和 <code>1.2.2.2 配置 path 环境变量</code> 步骤相同：略。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>本人需要配置的 path 环境变量是 <code>C:\\msys64\\ucrt64\\bin</code> 。</p></div><h2 id="_1-3-什么是-ide-集成开发环境" tabindex="-1">1.3 什么是 IDE（集成开发环境）？ <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-3-什么是-ide-集成开发环境" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.3 什么是 IDE（集成开发环境）？&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li><p>在实际开发中，除了<code>编译器</code>是必须安装的工具之外，我们往往还需要很多其他的辅助软件，如下所示：</p><ul><li>编辑器：用来编写代码，并且给代码着色，以方便阅读。</li><li>代码提示器：输入部分代码，即可提示全部代码，加速代码的编写过程。</li><li>调试器：观察程序的每一个运行步骤，发现程序的逻辑错误。</li><li>项目管理工具：对程序涉及到的所有资源进行管理，包括：源文件、图片、视频、第三方库等。</li><li>漂亮的界面：各种按钮、面板、菜单、窗口等控件整齐排布，操作更方便。</li></ul></li><li><p>这些工具通常被打包在一起，统一安装和发布，如：Visual Studio、CLion 以及 VS Code ，通常统称为集成开发环境（IDE，Integrated Development Environment）。</p></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① IDE（集成开发环境）就是一系列开发工具的组合套装。这就好比台式机，核心部件是主机。主机就相当于 IDE 的代码编辑器和编译器，有了它们，开发者就可以进行基本的编程工作。然而，正如我们在购买台式机时，通常还会附带显示器、键盘、鼠标、U盘、摄像头等外围设备，IDE 也同样提供了一系列额外的工具和插件，比如：调试器、版本控制集成、代码补全、代码重构工具等。这些“外围设备”让开发过程更加高效、直观，并且能够满足更多的开发需求，使得 IDE 成为一个完整的开发环境。</li><li>② 严格来讲， VS Code 属于编辑器，而不是 IDE；但是，可以通过安装各种插件，来完成 IDE 的功能；而 Visual Studio 和 CLion 属于 IDE。</li><li>③ 在实际开发中，使用 IDE 进行编程并不是一种非常丢人的事情。而使用编辑器，如：<code>记事本</code>、<code>vi/vim</code> 等，进行编程，也并不是一件非常骄傲的事情。可能有些人会在网上发布这样的言论：“学习编程，刚开始需要使用<code>记事本</code>或 <code>vi/vim</code>等简单的编辑器软件，不要使用 IDE ”，目的可能是为了让初学者熟悉编程的基础概念和语法，并避免依赖 IDE 的辅助功能。但是，这种方法或许可以起到锻炼基础技能的功能，但这并不意味着 IDE 就不适合初学者。事实上，许多 IDE 还提供了初学者友好的界面和工具，可以帮助新手更快地入门和理解编程。</li></ul></div><h2 id="_1-4-ide-的安装和配置" tabindex="-1">1.4 IDE 的安装和配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-ide-的安装和配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.4 IDE 的安装和配置&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="_1-4-1-clion" tabindex="-1">1.4.1 CLion <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-1-clion" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.4.1 CLion&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="_1-4-1-1-概述" tabindex="-1">1.4.1.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-1-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.4.1.1 概述&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><a href="https://www.jetbrains.com/clion/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">CLion</a> 是一款由 JetBrains 推出的跨平台 C/C++ 集成开发环境（IDE），它具有智能编辑器、CMake 构建支持、调试器、单元测试、代码分析等功能，可以极大提高 C/C++ 开发效率。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 本次，演示的 CLion 的安装版本是 2024.1.4 ，后续版本可能会更新，但是操作几乎不会发生太多变化！！！</li><li>② CLion 作为一个 IDE，本身就携带了各个平台（操作系统）的 C 语言编译器，如：Windows 中就是 MinGW；但是，CLion 中自带的 C 语言编译器版本可能并非我们实际开发所想要的，这也是在 Windows 中，为什么推荐使用 MSYS2 的原因所在。</li></ul></div><h4 id="_1-4-1-2-安装" tabindex="-1">1.4.1.2 安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-1-2-安装" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.4.1.2 安装&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>鼠标双击，进入安装：</li></ul><p><img src="'+I+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>下一步：</li></ul><p><img src="'+N+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>下一步：</li></ul><p><img src="'+R+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>下一步：</li></ul><p><img src="'+V+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装：</li></ul><p><img src="'+G+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装完成：</li></ul><p><img src="'+X+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h4 id="_1-4-1-3-配置" tabindex="-1">1.4.1.3 配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-1-3-配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.4.1.3 配置&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>打开 CLion ：</li></ul><p><img src="'+$+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装中文插件（可选）：</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>对于以中文、韩语和日语为母语的开发者，CLion 在 2024.2 之后的版本就绑定了本地化插件，即不需要再安装本地化插件了。</p></div><p><img src="'+H+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+K+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>配置新 UI ：</li></ul><p><img src="'+Q+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+Y+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>新 UI 配置自定义字体（可选）：</li></ul><p><img src="'+j+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>配置<code>自动保存</code>功能：</li></ul><p><img src="'+J+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>配置<code>文件编码</code> 为 UTF-8：</li></ul><p><img src="'+Z+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>配置<code>控制台编码</code>为 UTF-8：</li></ul><p><img src="'+ss+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>配置<code>显示方法分隔符</code>功能：</li></ul><p><img src="'+as+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>配置<code>编辑器</code>的字体（可选）：</li></ul><p><img src="'+is+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>检测 GCC 工具链是否安装成功：</li></ul><p><img src="'+ns+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_1-4-2-vs-code" tabindex="-1">1.4.2 VS Code <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-2-vs-code" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.4.2 VS Code&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="_1-4-2-1-概述" tabindex="-1">1.4.2.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-2-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.4.2.1 概述&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><a href="https://code.visualstudio.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Visual Studio Code (VS Code)</a> 是一个免费的开源代码编辑器，适用于 Windows、MacOS 和 Linux 平台。它支持语法高亮、智能代码补全（IntelliSense）、内置调试工具和Git集成。用户可以通过扩展来添加更多功能，如：支持新的编程语言、主题和调试工具。VS Code 还支持在微软 Azure 上进行部署和托管，适用于各种编程语言和框架。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① Visual Studio Code 需要安装对应的插件，才能运行 C/C++ 代码。</li><li>② Visual Studio Code 除了开源免费的优点之外，还有一个优点就是插件巨多（几乎所有主流的编程语言都提供有对应的插件），这也是很多程序员喜欢使用它的原因。</li></ul></div><h4 id="_1-4-2-2-安装" tabindex="-1">1.4.2.2 安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-2-2-安装" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.4.2.2 安装&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>鼠标双击，进入安装：</li></ul><p><img src="'+ls+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>同意协议：</li></ul><p><img src="'+es+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>下一步：</li></ul><p><img src="'+ps+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>下一步：</li></ul><p><img src="'+ts+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>下一步：</li></ul><p><img src="'+rs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装：</li></ul><p><img src="'+cs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装过程：</li></ul><p><img src="'+hs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装完成：</li></ul><p><img src="'+ds+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h4 id="_1-4-2-3-配置" tabindex="-1">1.4.2.3 配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-2-3-配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.4.2.3 配置&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>安装<code>中文</code>插件：</li></ul><p><img src="'+os+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+ks+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装 <code>C/C++</code> 插件：</li></ul><p><img src="'+us+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+gs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_1-4-3-microsoft-visual-studio" tabindex="-1">1.4.3 Microsoft Visual Studio <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-3-microsoft-visual-studio" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.4.3 Microsoft Visual Studio&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="_1-4-3-1-概述" tabindex="-1">1.4.3.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-3-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.4.3.1 概述&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><a href="https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Visual Studio</a>（简称 VS）是由微软公司发布的集成开发环境。它包括了整个软件生命周期中所需要的大部分工具，如：UML 工具、代码管控工具、项目版本控制 Git 等。</li><li>Visual Studio 支持 C/C++、C#、F#、VB 等多种程序语言的开发和测试，可以用于生成 Web 应用程序，也可以生成桌面应用程序，功能十分强大，但下载和安装很可能耗时数小时，还可能会塞满磁盘。</li><li>Visual Studio 有三种版本：社区版（免费，不支持企业使用），专业版（收费）和企业版（收费）。企业版拥有面向架构师的功能、高级调试和测试，这些功能是另外两种版本所没有的。</li><li>Visual Studio 旨在成为世界上最好的 IDE（集成开发环境），号称“宇宙第一强大 IDE”。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>本次，演示的 Visual Studio 的安装版本是 Visual Studio 2022 ，后续版本可能会更新，但是操作几乎不会发生太多变化！！！</p></div><h4 id="_1-4-3-2-安装" tabindex="-1">1.4.3.2 安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-3-2-安装" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.4.3.2 安装&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>鼠标双击，进入安装：</li></ul><p><img src="'+bs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>继续：</li></ul><p><img src="'+ms+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>等待：</li></ul><p><img src="'+Es+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>工作负荷（使用 C++ 的桌面开发）：</li></ul><p><img src="'+Cs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>单个组件：</li></ul><p><img src="'+ys+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>语言包：</li></ul><p><img src="'+Fs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装位置（修改默认的安装位置）：</li></ul><p><img src="'+_s+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>如果不是第一次安装，可能会出现<code>共享组件、工具和 SDK</code>不可以修改，即：</li></ul><p><img src="'+vs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>此时，就需要打开<code>注册表编辑器</code>，将如下图中的除了第一个选项，全部删除，然后关闭再重新安装，即：</li></ul><p><img src="'+Bs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>开始安装：</li></ul><p><img src="'+fs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装中：</li></ul><p><img src="'+As+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装完成，然后关闭：</li></ul><p><img src="'+Ds+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h4 id="_1-4-3-3-配置" tabindex="-1">1.4.3.3 配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-3-3-配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.4.3.3 配置&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>在开始菜单处，启动 VS ：</li></ul><p><img src="'+xs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>登录或跳过该选项（有微软账号就注册，没有就暂时跳过）：</li></ul><p><img src="'+qs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>继续：</li></ul><p><img src="'+ws+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>注册 VS ：</li></ul><p><img src="'+Ss+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>填写注册码：</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① Pro 版本：<code>TD244-P4NB7-YQ6XK-Y8MMM-YWV2J</code></li><li>② Enterprise 版本：<code>VHF9H-NXBBB-638P6-6JHCY-88JWH</code></li></ul></div><p><img src="'+Ls+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+zs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_1-5-什么是工程-项目" tabindex="-1">1.5 什么是工程/项目 ？ <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-5-什么是工程-项目" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.5 什么是工程/项目 ？&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="_1-5-1-概述" tabindex="-1">1.5.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-5-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.5.1 概述&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>一个真正的软件往往包含多项功能，每一项功能都需要几十行、几千行甚至几万行的代码，如果我们将这些代码都放到一个源文件中，不但打开的速度极慢，代码的编写和维护也会变得非常困难。</li><li>在实际开发中，随着软件规模的增加，代码的复杂性也会显著提升，为了提高代码的易读性、维护性等，程序员会将代码按照功能分别放到不同的源文件中。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>需要说明的是，一个真正的软件除了源代码之外，往往还会包括图片、视频、音频、库（框架）等其它资源，这些也是一个个的文件。</p></div><ul><li>为了有效的管理这些种类繁杂、数目众多的文件，我们会将这些文件按照功能放到不同的目录中进行统一管理，并且这个目录下只存放与当前程序有关的资源。其实，这就是工程或项目。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>总结：</p><ul><li>① 随着软件规模的增加，代码的复杂性也会显著提升。将代码分割成多个模块或文件并分别管理，可以减少每个文件的复杂度，使代码更易读、易理解、易维护。工程提供了一个结构化的环境，将这些文件组织在一个系统化的目录结构中。</li><li>② 除了代码，软件开发还涉及到各种资源的管理，如：图片、音频、视频、配置文件等。工程能够帮助开发者将这些资源合理地分类存放，并与代码一同管理，确保它们在开发、编译和运行时能被正确引用。</li></ul></div><ul><li>许多 IDE 都提供了工程或项目的概念，其目的就是为了帮助开发者合理的管理软件开发中所需要的资源，如：图片、视频、音频、库（框架）等。</li></ul><p><img src="'+Ps+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_1-5-2-工程类型-项目类型" tabindex="-1">1.5.2 工程类型/项目类型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-5-2-工程类型-项目类型" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.5.2 工程类型/项目类型&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>程序或软件是一个非常宽泛的概念，它可以细分为很多种类，如下所示：</p><ul><li>控制台程序（Console Application）：控制台程序是一种不具备图形用户界面的程序，它通过文本方式与用户交互，通常运行在命令行窗口（黑底白字的终端），如：Unix/Linux 中的<code>ls</code>命令、Windows 中的<code>cmd.exe</code>等。</li><li>GUI 程序（Graphical User Interface Program）：GUI 程序是一种具有图形用户界面的程序，通过窗口、按钮、菜单等图形控件与用户交互，如：微信、QQ 等。</li><li>静态库和动态库： <ul><li>静态库指的是在编译时包含到程序中的库，程序不依赖外部文件运行，如：在 C/C++ 中，静态库通常以<code>.lib</code>（Windows）或<code>.a</code>（Unix/Linux）为扩展名。</li><li>动态库指的是在运行时加载的库，允许多个程序共享，并且程序在运行时依赖这些库，如： 在Windows中，动态库通常以<code>.dll</code>为扩展名；在 Unix/Linux 中，以<code>.so</code>为扩展名。</li></ul></li></ul></li><li><p>不同类型的程序（控制台程序、GUI 程序、静态库、动态库等）需要不同的配置和文件结构，因此在 IDE 中创建项目时，选择正确的工程类型非常重要。不同的工程类型决定了 IDE 为你生成的初始文件、目录结构，以及预设的一些编译和链接参数。</p></li></ul><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><ul><li>① 控制台程序适合初学者，因为它更简单，没有复杂的界面元素，开发时可以专注于逻辑和代码本身。</li><li>② 而 GUI 程序则涉及到用户界面设计和事件驱动编程，更适合有一定编程基础的人进行学习和开发。</li></ul></div><h1 id="第二章-c-语言入门-helloworld-⭐" tabindex="-1">第二章：C 语言入门（HelloWorld，⭐） <a class="header-anchor" href="#第二章-c-语言入门-helloworld-⭐" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;第二章：C 语言入门（HelloWorld，⭐）&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="_2-1-手动版" tabindex="-1">2.1 手动版 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-1-手动版" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.1 手动版&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>① 新建一个 <code>HelloWorld.c</code> 的文件：</li></ul><p><img src="'+Ts+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>② 通过<code>记事本</code>等软件打开该文件，输入如下的代码，并保存：</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &lt;stdio.h&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> main</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(){</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Hello World&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><p><img src="`+Ts+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>③ 通过 <code>gcc</code> 命令编译该文件：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.c</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.exe</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+Ws+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>④ 执行：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">./HelloWorld.exe</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+Ms+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_2-2-vs-code-版" tabindex="-1">2.2 VS Code 版 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-2-vs-code-版" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.2 VS Code 版&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>① 新建一个<code>空</code>文件夹（目录），用于存放代码：</li></ul><p><img src="'+Os+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>② 通过 <code>vscode</code> 打开该目录：</li></ul><p><img src="'+Us+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>③ 在 <code>vscode</code> 中新建 <code>HelloWorld.c</code> 文件：</li></ul><p><img src="'+Rs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>④ 设置 VSCode 中 C/C++ 的代码格式为行尾风格（可选）：</li></ul><p><img src="'+Ns+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+Is+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑤ 编写如下的代码，并保存：</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &lt;stdio.h&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><p><img src="`+Ws+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>③ 通过 <code>gcc</code> 命令编译该文件：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.c</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.exe</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+Ms+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>④ 执行：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">./HelloWorld.exe</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+Us+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_2-2-vs-code-版" tabindex="-1">2.2 VS Code 版 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-2-vs-code-版" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.2 VS Code 版&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>① 新建一个<code>空</code>文件夹（目录），用于存放代码：</li></ul><p><img src="'+Os+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>② 通过 <code>vscode</code> 打开该目录：</li></ul><p><img src="'+Is+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>③ 在 <code>vscode</code> 中新建 <code>HelloWorld.c</code> 文件：</li></ul><p><img src="'+Ns+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>④ 设置 VSCode 中 C/C++ 的代码格式为行尾风格（可选）：</li></ul><p><img src="'+Rs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+Vs+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑤ 编写如下的代码，并保存：</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &lt;stdio.h&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> main</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(){</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Hello World&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><p><img src="`+Vs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑥ 通过 <code>gcc</code> 命令编译该文件：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.c</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.exe</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+Gs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑦ 执行：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">./HelloWorld.exe</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+Xs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑧ 安装 Code Runner 插件（步骤略），实现右键直接编译执行（可选）：</li></ul><p><img src="'+$s+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_2-3-vs-版" tabindex="-1">2.3 VS 版 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-3-vs-版" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.3 VS 版&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>① 新建空项目：</li></ul><p><img src="'+Hs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+Ks+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+Qs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+Ys+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>② 打开<code>解决方案资源管理器</code>：</li></ul><p><img src="'+js+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+Js+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>③ 新建 <code>HelloWorld.c</code> 文件：</li></ul><p><img src="'+Zs+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>④ 编写如下代码，并保存：</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &lt;stdio.h&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><p><img src="`+Gs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑥ 通过 <code>gcc</code> 命令编译该文件：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.c</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.exe</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+Xs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑦ 执行：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">./HelloWorld.exe</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+$s+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑧ 安装 Code Runner 插件（步骤略），实现右键直接编译执行（可选）：</li></ul><p><img src="'+Hs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_2-3-vs-版" tabindex="-1">2.3 VS 版 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-3-vs-版" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.3 VS 版&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>① 新建空项目：</li></ul><p><img src="'+Ks+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+Qs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+Ys+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+js+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>② 打开<code>解决方案资源管理器</code>：</li></ul><p><img src="'+Js+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+Zs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>③ 新建 <code>HelloWorld.c</code> 文件：</li></ul><p><img src="'+sa+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>④ 编写如下代码，并保存：</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &lt;stdio.h&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> main</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(){</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Hello World&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><p><img src="`+sa+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑤ 编译和执行：</li></ul><p><img src="'+aa+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_2-4-clion-版" tabindex="-1">2.4 CLion 版 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-4-clion-版" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.4 CLion 版&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>① 新建空项目：</li></ul><p><img src="'+ia+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+na+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+la+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>② 编写如下代码，并保存：</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &lt;stdio.h&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><p><img src="`+aa+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑤ 编译和执行：</li></ul><p><img src="'+ia+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_2-4-clion-版" tabindex="-1">2.4 CLion 版 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-4-clion-版" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.4 CLion 版&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>① 新建空项目：</li></ul><p><img src="'+na+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+la+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+ea+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>② 编写如下代码，并保存：</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &lt;stdio.h&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> main</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(){</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Hello World&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><p><img src="`+ea+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>③ 编译和运行：</li></ul><p><img src="'+pa+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>④ 默认情况下，一个项目只能有一个 c 源文件包含 main 函数，但是 CLion 可以有多个，如下：</li></ul><p><img src="'+ta+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑤ 如果之后，有中文乱码问题，那么请做如下步骤：</li></ul><p><img src="'+ra+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+ca+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>内容如下所示：</p><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span>-Dfile.encoding=UTF-8</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><p><img src="`+pa+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>③ 编译和运行：</li></ul><p><img src="'+ta+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>④ 默认情况下，一个项目只能有一个 c 源文件包含 main 函数，但是 CLion 可以有多个，如下：</li></ul><p><img src="'+ra+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑤ 如果之后，有中文乱码问题，那么请做如下步骤：</li></ul><p><img src="'+ca+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+ha+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>内容如下所示：</p><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span>-Dfile.encoding=UTF-8</span></span>
<span class="line"><span>-Dconsole.encoding=UTF-8</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div></div><h1 id="第三章-五花八门的-c-语言编译器-⭐" tabindex="-1">第三章：五花八门的 C 语言编译器（⭐） <a class="header-anchor" href="#第三章-五花八门的-c-语言编译器-⭐" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;第三章：五花八门的 C 语言编译器（⭐）&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="_3-1-概述" tabindex="-1">3.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.1 概述&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>由于 C 语言的历史比较久，而且早期没有规范，整个计算机产业也都处于拓荒的年代，所以就涌现了很多款 C 语言编译器，它们各有特点，适用于不同的平台。</li></ul><h2 id="_3-2-桌面操作系统" tabindex="-1">3.2 桌面操作系统 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-2-桌面操作系统" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.2 桌面操作系统&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>目前而言，主流的桌面操作系统就是 Windows、Linux 和 MacOS 。</li><li>对于 Windows 而言，使用的最多的 C/C++ 编译器是 <code>MSVC</code> （Microsoft Visual C++），被集成在 Visual Studio 开发环境中，其特点如下： <ul><li>① 兼容性: 与 Windows 操作系统和 Windows API 深度集成，生成的二进制文件为 PE 格式。</li><li>② 调试工具: 提供强大的调试工具，如：Visual Studio Debugger。</li><li>③ 优化: 支持各种编译器优化，特别是针对 Windows 平台的优化。</li><li>④ 库支持: 提供丰富的 Windows 专用库，如：<s>MFC（Microsoft Foundation Class Library）</s>。</li></ul></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>MSVC 不开源，我们可以使用 Visual Studio Community 社区版，但是如果想使用 Visual Studio Community 社区版生成出来的应用进行商用，就需要好好阅读微软的许可证和说明书了。</p></div><ul><li>对于 Linux 而言，使用的最多的 C/C++ 编译器是 <code>GCC</code>（支持多种架构和语言），并且很多 Linux 发行版本都将 GCC 作为默认的编译器，其特点如下所示： <ul><li>① 广泛支持: 支持各种 Linux 发行版，是大多数开源项目的默认编译器。</li><li>② 强大的优化: 提供各种编译优化选项，适合多种性能需求的开发。</li><li>③ 丰富的工具链: 和 GDB（GNU 调试器）、Make、Autoconf 等工具无缝集成。</li></ul></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>目前而言，GCC 已经属于跨平台的项目了，支持 Windows、Linux 和 MacOS ，在 Windows 上 GCC 的移植项目，如：MinGW、Cygwin 以及 MSYS2，其差别如下所示：</p><ul><li>① MinGW 提供了 GCC 编译器的 Windows 版本，可以生成 Windows 兼容的本地代码。</li><li>② Cygwin 是一个在 Windows 上运行的类 Unix 环境，它提供了一套完整的 POSIX 兼容工具，包括 GCC 编译器。</li><li>③ MSYS2 是一个在 Windows 上运行的轻量级、开源的 Unix-like 环境，它为 Windows 用户提供了类似于 Linux 的开发环境。MSYS2 是 MinGW 和 Cygwin 的后继者，旨在提供更现代化和更强大的开发工具集。</li></ul></div><ul><li>对于 MacOS 而言，使用的最多的 C/C++ 编译器是 <code>Clang/LLVM</code>，其特点如下： <ul><li>① Xcode 集成: 深度集成到 Xcode 中，支持 Apple 的所有平台（macOS、iOS、tvOS、watchOS）的开发。</li><li>② 优化和兼容: 生成的代码针对 Apple 的硬件进行优化，并兼容 GCC 的大部分功能。</li><li>③ 现代化: Clang 提供了对 C 语言标准的全面支持，并且以其快速的编译速度和易读的错误报告而著称。</li></ul></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>在 MacOS 中，尽管 Clang 是默认编译器；但是，也可以 Homebrew 等包管理器来安装 GCC ，以便开发 C/C++ 项目。</p></div><h2 id="_3-3-嵌入式系统" tabindex="-1">3.3 嵌入式系统 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-3-嵌入式系统" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.3 嵌入式系统&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li><p>在嵌入式系统开发中，可用的 C 语言编译器以及工具链非常丰富， 有很多是免费或开源的，如下所示：</p><ul><li><code>GCC (GNU Compiler Collection)</code>： <ul><li>简介：GCC 是最广泛使用的开源编译器集合之一，支持多种处理器架构，包括 ARM、AVR、MIPS、RISC-V 等。</li><li>开源或免费：完全开源且免费，受到广泛的社区支持。</li></ul></li><li><code>Clang/LLVM</code>： <ul><li>简介：Clang 是基于 LLVM 架构的开源编译器，支持多种架构，并且与 GCC 兼容。</li><li>开源或免费：开源且免费，具有快速的编译速度和现代化的代码分析工具。</li></ul></li><li><code>SDCC (Small Device C Compiler)</code>： <ul><li>简介: SDCC 是一个开源的跨平台 C 编译器，主要用于 8 位和 16 位微控制器，如：8051、Z80、PIC 等。</li><li>开源或免费：完全开源且免费，适合教育和小型项目开发。</li></ul></li><li><code>MPLAB XC Compilers</code>： <ul><li>简介：MPLAB XC 是由 Microchip 提供的编译器系列，专门用于其 PIC 和 dsPIC 微控制器。</li><li>开源或免费：提供免费版本（使用标准优化级别），但也有付费版本提供更高级的优化。</li></ul></li><li><code>ARM GCC</code>： <ul><li>简介：ARM GCC 是 GCC 的一个专门版本，针对 ARM Cortex-M 系列微控制器进行了优化。</li><li>开源或免费：完全开源且免费，广泛用于工业、教育和开源项目中。</li></ul></li><li><code>PlatformIO</code> ： <ul><li>简介：PlatformIO 是一个开源的嵌入式开发生态系统，支持多种开发板、框架和编译器。</li><li>开源或免费：基本功能免费，部分高级功能和插件需要订阅服务。</li></ul></li><li><code>Eclipse</code> ： <ul><li>简介：Eclipse 是一个开源的集成开发环境（IDE），可以通过插件支持嵌入式开发。</li><li>开源或免费：Eclipse 和 GCC 都是开源免费的，适合跨平台开发。</li></ul></li><li><code>Arduino IDE</code>： <ul><li>简介：Arduino IDE 是一个简单易用的开源开发环境，广泛用于 Arduino 开发板和其他兼容开发板。</li><li>开源或免费：完全开源且免费，非常适合教育和入门级开发。</li></ul></li><li>...</li></ul></li><li><p>这些编译器以及工具链各有优势，开发者应根据目标硬件平台、项目需求和开发环境选择最适合的编译器。</p></li></ul><h2 id="_3-4-c-语言为什么有那么多的编译器" tabindex="-1">3.4 C 语言为什么有那么多的编译器？ <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-4-c-语言为什么有那么多的编译器" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.4 C 语言为什么有那么多的编译器？&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>C 语言并没有一个官方机构，也不属于哪个公司，它只有一个制定标准的委员会，任何其他组织或者个人都可以开发 C 语言的编译器，而这个编译器要遵守哪个 C 语言标准，是 100% 遵守还是部分遵守，并没有强制性的措施，也没有任何约束。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 各个厂商可以根据自己的利益和喜好来开发编译器。</li><li>② 市场和用户的选择通常是推动编译器开发者遵循标准的主要动力。</li></ul></div><ul><li>并且，不同硬件平台之间也存在差异，这会导致内存管理方式、寄存器、指令集等都有所不同，为了确保 C 语言程序能在这些硬件平台运行，就得针对该平台开发/定制不同的编译器。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 上述的情况，在单片机和嵌入式领域更加常见。</li><li>② 总体而言，C 语言具有开放性，并且要适应不同的硬件平台，这使得不同厂商可以根据自己的需求来进行个性化开发/定制。</li></ul></div><ul><li>这也导致了一个非常棘手的问题，有的编译器遵守较新的 C 语言标准，有的编译器只能遵守较老的 C 语言标准，有的编译器还进行了很多扩展。比如： <ul><li>GCC、LLVM/Clang 更新非常及时，能够支持最新的 C 语言标准。</li><li>MSVC 更新比较缓慢，迟迟不能支持新标准，例如：VC6.0、VS2010 都在使用 C89 标准，VS2015 部分支持 C99 标准。</li></ul></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>微软官方给出的答复：最新的标准已经在 C++ 中支持了，C 语言就没必要再重复了。</p></div><ul><li>初学者经常会遇到这种情况，有些代码在 MSVC 下能够正常运行，拿到 GCC 下就不行了，一堆报错信息； 或者反过来，在 GCC 上能运行的代码在 MSVC 下不能运行。这是因为不同的编译器支持的标准不同，每个编译器都进行了自己的扩展，假如你使用了 MSVC 自己的扩展函数，那么拿到 GCC 下肯定是不支持的。</li></ul><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><ul><li>① 在学习的时候，无所谓使用那个 C 语言编译器了。</li><li>② 但是，如果要开发实际项目（开源或商业），最好使用 GCC 编译器，因为其功能最强大、开源、跨平台、免费，支持最新的 C 语言标准。</li></ul></div><h1 id="第四章-注释-⭐" tabindex="-1">第四章：注释（⭐） <a class="header-anchor" href="#第四章-注释-⭐" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;第四章：注释（⭐）&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="_4-1-概述" tabindex="-1">4.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_4-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;4.1 概述&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>编程语言中，<code>注释</code>是一种<code>特殊</code>的文本，它不会被编译器执行，而仅用于代码的解释和文档说明。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 注释是一个程序员必须有具有的良好编程习惯。</li><li>② 在实际开发中，程序员可以将自己的思路通过<code>注释</code>整理出来，然后再用<code>代码</code>去实现。</li></ul></div><h2 id="_4-2-单行注释" tabindex="-1">4.2 单行注释 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_4-2-单行注释" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;4.2 单行注释&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>C 语言中的单行注释的格式，如下所示：</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;">// 单行注释</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>在 CLion 中的快捷键是 <code>Ctrl + /</code> 。</p></div><ul><li>示例：</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &lt;stdio.h&gt;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> // 这是编译预处理指令</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> main</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">() {</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> // 定义主函数</span></span>
@ -78,16 +78,16 @@ import{_ as s,c as a,o as i,a6 as n}from"./chunks/framework.CZRoMP2i.js";const l
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;">// 编译器将在系统的标准头文件目录中查找文件。</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &lt;filename&gt;</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;">// 用于包含用户自定义的头文件。</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;">// 编译器首先在当前目录中查找文件，如果未找到，再在标准头文件目录中查找。</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;filename&quot;</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><h1 id="第六章-clion-高级配置-⭐" tabindex="-1">第六章：CLion 高级配置（⭐） <a class="header-anchor" href="#第六章-clion-高级配置-⭐" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;第六章：CLion 高级配置（⭐）&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="_6-1-安装和配置-wsl2" tabindex="-1">6.1 安装和配置 WSL2 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_6-1-安装和配置-wsl2" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;6.1 安装和配置 WSL2&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="_6-1-1-概述" tabindex="-1">6.1.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_6-1-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;6.1.1 概述&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>WSL2，全称为 Windows Subsystem for Linux 2，是微软提供的一种技术，允许用户在 Windows 操作系统上运行 Linux 内核。WSL2 是 WSL1 的升级版，它引入了一个真正的 Linux 内核来代替 WSL1 中使用的兼容层，从而提供更高的性能和更广泛的系统调用支持。</li><li>和传统的虚拟化技术的对比，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="`+ha+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>WSL2 的功能，如下所示：</p><ul><li>① <strong>真实的 Linux 内核</strong>：WSL2 使用了微软开发的轻量级虚拟机，它包含了一个完整的 Linux 内核。这意味着 WSL2 能够运行更多的 Linux 应用程序，并且支持更多的系统调用。</li><li>② <strong>文件系统性能提升</strong>：WSL2 的文件系统性能比 WSL1 有显著提升。对于 I/O 密集型的操作，如：编译代码或数据库操作，WSL2 能够提供更快的速度。</li><li>③ <strong>兼容性增强</strong>：由于使用了真实的 Linux 内核，WSL2 对 Linux 应用程序的兼容性大幅提高。许多在 WSL1 上不能运行或需要调整的应用程序，可以在 WSL2 上直接运行。</li><li>④ <strong>网络功能改进</strong>：WSL2 提供了更好的网络集成，能够更容易地与 Windows 上的其他网络资源进行交互。</li><li>⑤ <strong>资源使用优化</strong>：WSL2 使用轻量级虚拟机，比传统的虚拟机占用更少的资源，同时提供了类似的隔离和安全性。</li></ul></div><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>WSL2 的用途，如下所示：</p><ul><li>① <strong>开发环境</strong>：WSL2 为开发者提供了一个原生的 Linux 开发环境，而无需离开 Windows 。这对于需要在 Linux 上开发、测试或运行应用程序的开发者非常有帮助。</li><li>② <strong>学习和实验</strong>：用户可以使用 WSL2 在 Windows 上学习和实验 Linux 命令行工具和应用程序，而无需设置双重引导系统或安装虚拟机。</li><li>③ <strong>多平台开发</strong>：对于跨平台开发者来说，WSL2 允许他们在一个操作系统上同时进行 Windows 和 Linux 平台的开发和测试，提高工作效率。</li><li>④ <strong>运行 Linux 工具和应用程序</strong>：WSL2 支持在 Windows 上直接运行各种 Linux 工具和应用程序，如：Docker、数据库、编程语言环境等。</li></ul></div><h3 id="_6-1-2-wsl2-的安装" tabindex="-1">6.1.2 WSL2 的安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_6-1-2-wsl2-的安装" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;6.1.2 WSL2 的安装&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>① BIOS 或 UEFI 中，开启虚拟化：步骤略。</li></ul><p><img src="'+da+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>② 查看是否开启了虚拟化：</li></ul><p><img src="'+oa+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>③ 启用适用于 Linux 的 Windows 子系统：</li></ul><div class="language-powershell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">powershell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">dism.exe</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> /</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">online </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">/</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">enable-feature</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> /</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">featurename:Microsoft</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">-</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">Windows</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">-</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">Subsystem</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">-</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">Linux </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">/</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">all </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">/</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">norestart</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><p>以管理员身份打开 PowerShell 并运行，执行完上述命令之后，如果提示需要重启计算机，那就重启计算机。</p></div><p><img src="'+ka+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>④ 启用虚拟机功能：</li></ul><div class="language-powershell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">powershell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">dism.exe</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> /</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">online </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">/</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">enable-feature</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> /</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">featurename:VirtualMachinePlatform </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">/</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">all </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">/</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">norestart</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><p>以管理员身份打开 PowerShell 并运行，执行完上述命令之后，如果提示需要重启计算机，那就重启计算机。</p></div><p><img src="'+ua+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑤ 更新 Linux 内核包：</li></ul><div class="language-powershell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">powershell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">wsl </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">--</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">update</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>wsl2 的最新 Linux 内核包托管在 GitHub 上，某些国家可能会污染 Github 相关的域名，那么就需要手动下载，然后安装即可，下载地址在<a href="https://wslstorestorage.blob.core.windows.net/wslblob/wsl_update_x64.msi" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">这里</a>。</p></div><p><img src="'+ga+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑥ 将 wsl2 设置为默认版本：</li></ul><div class="language-powershell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">powershell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">wsl </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">--</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">set-default</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">-</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">version </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">2</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+ba+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑦ 查看官方在线支持的 Linux 版本：</li></ul><div class="language-powershell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">powershell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">wsl </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">--</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">list </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">--</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">online</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+ma+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑧ 安装指定版本的 Linux ：</li></ul><div class="language-powershell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">powershell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">wsl </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">--</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">install Ubuntu</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">-</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">24.04</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>官方支持的 Linux 版本，托管在 Github 上，某些国家可能会污染 Github 的域名；此时，要么走科学上网，要么在 <code>Microsoft Store</code> 中搜索并安装。</p></div><p><img src="'+Ea+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑨ 在 Microsoft Store 中搜索并安装（可选）：</li></ul><p><img src="'+Ca+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑩ 查询本地安装的 Linux 版本：</li></ul><div class="language-powershell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">powershell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">wsl </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">--</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">list</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+ya+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_6-1-3-配置-wsl2" tabindex="-1">6.1.3 配置 WSL2 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_6-1-3-配置-wsl2" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;6.1.3 配置 WSL2&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>本人的安装的是 AlmaLinux9 ，所以需要执行如下命令，以便安装 cmake 相关工具链：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> dnf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> update</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 更新包管理器 </span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;filename&quot;</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><h1 id="第六章-clion-高级配置-⭐" tabindex="-1">第六章：CLion 高级配置（⭐） <a class="header-anchor" href="#第六章-clion-高级配置-⭐" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;第六章：CLion 高级配置（⭐）&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="_6-1-安装和配置-wsl2" tabindex="-1">6.1 安装和配置 WSL2 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_6-1-安装和配置-wsl2" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;6.1 安装和配置 WSL2&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="_6-1-1-概述" tabindex="-1">6.1.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_6-1-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;6.1.1 概述&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>WSL2，全称为 Windows Subsystem for Linux 2，是微软提供的一种技术，允许用户在 Windows 操作系统上运行 Linux 内核。WSL2 是 WSL1 的升级版，它引入了一个真正的 Linux 内核来代替 WSL1 中使用的兼容层，从而提供更高的性能和更广泛的系统调用支持。</li><li>和传统的虚拟化技术的对比，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="`+da+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>WSL2 的功能，如下所示：</p><ul><li>① <strong>真实的 Linux 内核</strong>：WSL2 使用了微软开发的轻量级虚拟机，它包含了一个完整的 Linux 内核。这意味着 WSL2 能够运行更多的 Linux 应用程序，并且支持更多的系统调用。</li><li>② <strong>文件系统性能提升</strong>：WSL2 的文件系统性能比 WSL1 有显著提升。对于 I/O 密集型的操作，如：编译代码或数据库操作，WSL2 能够提供更快的速度。</li><li>③ <strong>兼容性增强</strong>：由于使用了真实的 Linux 内核，WSL2 对 Linux 应用程序的兼容性大幅提高。许多在 WSL1 上不能运行或需要调整的应用程序，可以在 WSL2 上直接运行。</li><li>④ <strong>网络功能改进</strong>：WSL2 提供了更好的网络集成，能够更容易地与 Windows 上的其他网络资源进行交互。</li><li>⑤ <strong>资源使用优化</strong>：WSL2 使用轻量级虚拟机，比传统的虚拟机占用更少的资源，同时提供了类似的隔离和安全性。</li></ul></div><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>WSL2 的用途，如下所示：</p><ul><li>① <strong>开发环境</strong>：WSL2 为开发者提供了一个原生的 Linux 开发环境，而无需离开 Windows 。这对于需要在 Linux 上开发、测试或运行应用程序的开发者非常有帮助。</li><li>② <strong>学习和实验</strong>：用户可以使用 WSL2 在 Windows 上学习和实验 Linux 命令行工具和应用程序，而无需设置双重引导系统或安装虚拟机。</li><li>③ <strong>多平台开发</strong>：对于跨平台开发者来说，WSL2 允许他们在一个操作系统上同时进行 Windows 和 Linux 平台的开发和测试，提高工作效率。</li><li>④ <strong>运行 Linux 工具和应用程序</strong>：WSL2 支持在 Windows 上直接运行各种 Linux 工具和应用程序，如：Docker、数据库、编程语言环境等。</li></ul></div><h3 id="_6-1-2-wsl2-的安装" tabindex="-1">6.1.2 WSL2 的安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_6-1-2-wsl2-的安装" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;6.1.2 WSL2 的安装&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>① BIOS 或 UEFI 中，开启虚拟化：步骤略。</li></ul><p><img src="'+oa+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>② 查看是否开启了虚拟化：</li></ul><p><img src="'+ka+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>③ 启用适用于 Linux 的 Windows 子系统：</li></ul><div class="language-powershell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">powershell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">dism.exe</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> /</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">online </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">/</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">enable-feature</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> /</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">featurename:Microsoft</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">-</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">Windows</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">-</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">Subsystem</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">-</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">Linux </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">/</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">all </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">/</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">norestart</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><p>以管理员身份打开 PowerShell 并运行，执行完上述命令之后，如果提示需要重启计算机，那就重启计算机。</p></div><p><img src="'+ua+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>④ 启用虚拟机功能：</li></ul><div class="language-powershell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">powershell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">dism.exe</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> /</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">online </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">/</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">enable-feature</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> /</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">featurename:VirtualMachinePlatform </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">/</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">all </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">/</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">norestart</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><p>以管理员身份打开 PowerShell 并运行，执行完上述命令之后，如果提示需要重启计算机，那就重启计算机。</p></div><p><img src="'+ga+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑤ 更新 Linux 内核包：</li></ul><div class="language-powershell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">powershell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">wsl </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">--</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">update</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>wsl2 的最新 Linux 内核包托管在 GitHub 上，某些国家可能会污染 Github 相关的域名，那么就需要手动下载，然后安装即可，下载地址在<a href="https://wslstorestorage.blob.core.windows.net/wslblob/wsl_update_x64.msi" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">这里</a>。</p></div><p><img src="'+ba+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑥ 将 wsl2 设置为默认版本：</li></ul><div class="language-powershell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">powershell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">wsl </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">--</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">set-default</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">-</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">version </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">2</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+ma+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑦ 查看官方在线支持的 Linux 版本：</li></ul><div class="language-powershell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">powershell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">wsl </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">--</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">list </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">--</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">online</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+Ea+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑧ 安装指定版本的 Linux ：</li></ul><div class="language-powershell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">powershell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">wsl </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">--</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">install Ubuntu</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">-</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">24.04</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>官方支持的 Linux 版本，托管在 Github 上，某些国家可能会污染 Github 的域名；此时，要么走科学上网，要么在 <code>Microsoft Store</code> 中搜索并安装。</p></div><p><img src="'+Ca+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑨ 在 Microsoft Store 中搜索并安装（可选）：</li></ul><p><img src="'+ya+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑩ 查询本地安装的 Linux 版本：</li></ul><div class="language-powershell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">powershell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">wsl </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">--</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">list</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+Fa+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_6-1-3-配置-wsl2" tabindex="-1">6.1.3 配置 WSL2 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_6-1-3-配置-wsl2" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;6.1.3 配置 WSL2&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>本人的安装的是 AlmaLinux9 ，所以需要执行如下命令，以便安装 cmake 相关工具链：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> dnf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> update</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 更新包管理器 </span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> dnf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> groupinstall</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;Development Tools&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 安装开发工具包</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> dnf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> gcc-c++</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 安装GCC相关工具链</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> dnf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> cmake</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 安装 cmake</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> dnf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> make</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 安装 make</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> dnf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> gdb</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 安装 gdb</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><p><img src="`+Fa+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>可以通过 CLion 测试是否安装成功：</li></ul><p><img src="'+_a+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_6-1-4-配置-wsl2" tabindex="-1">6.1.4 配置 WSL2 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_6-1-4-配置-wsl2" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;6.1.4 配置 WSL2&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>本人的安装的是 Ubuntu 24.04，所以需要执行如下命令，以便安装 cmake 相关工具链：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> update</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> upgrade</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 更新包管理器</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> dnf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> gdb</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 安装 gdb</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><p><img src="`+_a+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>可以通过 CLion 测试是否安装成功：</li></ul><p><img src="'+va+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_6-1-4-配置-wsl2" tabindex="-1">6.1.4 配置 WSL2 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_6-1-4-配置-wsl2" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;6.1.4 配置 WSL2&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>本人的安装的是 Ubuntu 24.04，所以需要执行如下命令，以便安装 cmake 相关工具链：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> update</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> upgrade</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 更新包管理器</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> build-essential</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 安装开发工具包</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> g++</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 安装 GCC 相关工具链</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> cmake</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 安装 cmake</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> gdb</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 安装 gdb</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><p><img src="`+va+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>可以通过 CLion 测试是否安装成功：</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>默认仓库中的 GDB 的版本会很高，CLion 会不支持，那么就需要手动下载源码，自行编译，本次不再演示！！！</p></div><p><img src="'+Ba+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_6-2-切换-clion-中的-cmake-的工具链" tabindex="-1">6.2 切换 CLion 中的 cmake 的工具链 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_6-2-切换-clion-中的-cmake-的工具链" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;6.2 切换 CLion 中的 cmake 的工具链&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>可以在 CLoin 中切换 cmake 的工具链，以便支持不同平台的 cmake ，即：</li></ul><p><img src="'+fa+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_6-3-修改-cmakelists-txt-文件" tabindex="-1">6.3 修改 CMakeLists.txt 文件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_6-3-修改-cmakelists-txt-文件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;6.3 修改 CMakeLists.txt 文件&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>前文也提到了，在一个 C 语言项目中，只能有一个 main() 函数；但是，我们可以修改 <code>CMakeLists.txt</code> 文件的内容，以便其支持在一个 C 语言项目中，可以有多个包含 main() 函数的文件，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="'+Aa+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li><code>CMakeLists.txt</code> 的内容，如下所示：</li></ul><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span>cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.10)</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> gdb</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 安装 gdb</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><p><img src="`+Ba+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>可以通过 CLion 测试是否安装成功：</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>默认仓库中的 GDB 的版本会很高，CLion 会不支持，那么就需要手动下载源码，自行编译，本次不再演示！！！</p></div><p><img src="'+fa+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_6-2-切换-clion-中的-cmake-的工具链" tabindex="-1">6.2 切换 CLion 中的 cmake 的工具链 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_6-2-切换-clion-中的-cmake-的工具链" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;6.2 切换 CLion 中的 cmake 的工具链&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>可以在 CLoin 中切换 cmake 的工具链，以便支持不同平台的 cmake ，即：</li></ul><p><img src="'+Aa+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_6-3-修改-cmakelists-txt-文件" tabindex="-1">6.3 修改 CMakeLists.txt 文件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_6-3-修改-cmakelists-txt-文件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;6.3 修改 CMakeLists.txt 文件&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>前文也提到了，在一个 C 语言项目中，只能有一个 main() 函数；但是，我们可以修改 <code>CMakeLists.txt</code> 文件的内容，以便其支持在一个 C 语言项目中，可以有多个包含 main() 函数的文件，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="'+Da+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li><code>CMakeLists.txt</code> 的内容，如下所示：</li></ul><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span>cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.10)</span></span>
<span class="line"><span></span></span>
<span class="line"><span># 项目名称和版本号</span></span>
<span class="line"><span>project(c-study VERSION 1.0 LANGUAGES C)</span></span>
@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ import{_ as s,c as a,o as i,a6 as n}from"./chunks/framework.CZRoMP2i.js";const l
<span class="line"><span> target_sources(\${EXECUTABLE_NAME} PRIVATE \${MODULE_SOURCES})</span></span>
<span class="line"><span> endif ()</span></span>
<span class="line"><span> endif ()</span></span>
<span class="line"><span>endforeach ()</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br></div></div><h2 id="_6-4-配置-clang-format-文件" tabindex="-1">6.4 配置 .clang-format 文件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_6-4-配置-clang-format-文件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;6.4 配置 .clang-format 文件&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>配置 <code>.clang-format</code> 格式化文件，以便写代码的时候，可以自动保存并格式化 C 程序代码，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="`+Da+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li><code>.clang-format</code> 的内容，如下所示：</li></ul><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span>BasedOnStyle: Google</span></span>
<span class="line"><span>endforeach ()</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br></div></div><h2 id="_6-4-配置-clang-format-文件" tabindex="-1">6.4 配置 .clang-format 文件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_6-4-配置-clang-format-文件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;6.4 配置 .clang-format 文件&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>配置 <code>.clang-format</code> 格式化文件，以便写代码的时候，可以自动保存并格式化 C 程序代码，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="`+xa+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li><code>.clang-format</code> 的内容，如下所示：</li></ul><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span>BasedOnStyle: Google</span></span>
<span class="line"><span>IndentWidth: 4</span></span>
<span class="line"><span>UseTab: Never</span></span>
<span class="line"><span>ColumnLimit: 0</span></span>
@ -182,10 +182,10 @@ import{_ as s,c as a,o as i,a6 as n}from"./chunks/framework.CZRoMP2i.js";const l
<span class="line"><span>SpacesInParentheses: false</span></span>
<span class="line"><span>SpacesInAngles: false</span></span>
<span class="line"><span>SpacesInContainerLiterals: false</span></span>
<span class="line"><span>SpacesInCStyleCastParentheses: false</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br></div></div><ul><li>CLion 中配置<code>保存</code>的时候<code>自动格式化</code>，即：</li></ul><p><img src="`+xa+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_6-5-配置-gitignore-文件" tabindex="-1">6.5 配置 .gitignore 文件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_6-5-配置-gitignore-文件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;6.5 配置 .gitignore 文件&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>需要在项目中，配置 <code>.gitignore</code> 文件，以便在提交代码到 Git 仓库的时候，忽略某些文件或目录，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="'+qa+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li><code>.gitignore</code> 文件的内容，如下所示：</li></ul><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span>.vscode</span></span>
<span class="line"><span>SpacesInCStyleCastParentheses: false</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br></div></div><ul><li>CLion 中配置<code>保存</code>的时候<code>自动格式化</code>，即：</li></ul><p><img src="`+qa+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_6-5-配置-gitignore-文件" tabindex="-1">6.5 配置 .gitignore 文件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_6-5-配置-gitignore-文件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;6.5 配置 .gitignore 文件&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>需要在项目中，配置 <code>.gitignore</code> 文件，以便在提交代码到 Git 仓库的时候，忽略某些文件或目录，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="'+wa+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li><code>.gitignore</code> 文件的内容，如下所示：</li></ul><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span>.vscode</span></span>
<span class="line"><span>.idea</span></span>
<span class="line"><span>cmake-build-*</span></span>
<span class="line"><span>build</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><h2 id="_6-6-演示" tabindex="-1">6.6 演示 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_6-6-演示" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;6.6 演示&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>我们可以在项目中，临时创建或复制一个文件，看上述配置是否生效，即：</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>如果是复制并粘贴一个文件到项目中，请点击<code>重新加载 CMake 项目</code>！！！</p></div><p><img src="`+wa+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h1 id="第七章-c-语言的编译过程-⭐" tabindex="-1">第七章：C 语言的编译过程（⭐） <a class="header-anchor" href="#第七章-c-语言的编译过程-⭐" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;第七章：C 语言的编译过程（⭐）&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="_7-1-概述" tabindex="-1">7.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_7-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;7.1 概述&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>C 程序的编译过程，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="'+Sa+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>过程 ① ：编写（编辑）源代码，即：编写 C 语言源程序代码，并以文件的形式存储在磁盘中。</li></ul><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><p>源程序需要以 <code>.c</code> 作为扩展名。</p></div><ul><li>过程 ② ：编译，即：将 C 语言源程序转换为<code>目标程序（或目标文件）</code>。如果程序没有错误，没有任何提示，就会生成一个扩展名为 <code>.obj</code>或 <code>.o</code> 的二进制文件。C 语言中的每条可执行语句经过编译之后，最终都会转换为二进制的机器指令。</li></ul><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><ul><li><p>① 其实，<code>编译阶段</code>包含了<code>预处理</code>、<code>编译</code>和<code>汇编</code>。</p></li><li><p>② <code>预处理</code>是编译过程的第一个阶段。在这个阶段，预处理器处理源代码中的指令（例如：<code>#include</code>、<code>#define</code>等），主要任务包括：</p><ul><li><p>头文件包含：将头文件的内容插入到源文件中。例如：<code>#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;</code>会被替换为<code>stdio.h</code>文件的内容。</p></li><li><p>宏展开：替换宏定义。例如：<code>#define PI 3.14</code>会将代码中的<code>PI</code>替换为<code>3.14</code>。</p></li><li><p>条件编译：根据条件指令（如：<code>#ifdef</code>、<code>#ifndef</code>）有选择地编译代码。</p></li><li><p>删除代码中的注释，但是不会进行语法检查。</p></li><li><p>预处理完成后，生成一个扩展名为<code>.i</code>的中间文件。</p></li></ul></li><li><p>③ <code>编译</code>是将预处理后的源代码转换为汇编代码的过程。在这个阶段，编译器会检查代码的语法和语义，将其转换为目标机器的汇编语言，生成一个扩展名为<code>.s</code>的汇编文件。</p></li><li><p>④ <code>汇编</code>是将汇编代码转换为机器代码（也称为目标代码或目标文件）的过程。在这个阶段，汇编器将汇编指令转换为二进制机器指令，生成一个扩展名为<code>.o</code>或 <code>.obj</code>的目标文件。</p></li></ul></div><ul><li>过程 ③ ：链接（连接），即：将编译形成的目标文件 <code>*.obj</code> 或 <code>*.o</code>和库函数以及其他目录文件<code>链接</code>，形成一个统一的二进制文件 <code>*.exe</code>。</li></ul><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><ul><li>为什么需要链接库文件？</li><li>因为我们的 C 程序会使用 C 程序库中的内容，如：<code>&lt;stdio.h&gt;</code> 中的 <code>printf()</code> 函数，这些函数不是程序员自己写的，而是 C 程序库中提供的，因此需要链接。其实，在链接过程中，还会加入启动代码，这个启动代码（和系统相关，Linux 下主要有 crt0.c、crti.c 等，它们设置堆栈后，再调用 main() 函数）负责初始化程序运行时的环境。</li></ul></div><ul><li>过程 ④ ：执行，即：有了可执行的 <code>*.exe</code>文件，我们就可以在控制台上执行运行此 <code>*.exe</code> 文件。</li></ul><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><p>如果<code>修改</code>了源代码，还需要重新<code>编译</code>、<code>链接</code>，并生成新的 <code>*.exe</code>文件，再执行，方能生效。</p></div><h2 id="_7-2-gcc-编译器的介绍" tabindex="-1">7.2 GCC 编译器的介绍 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_7-2-gcc-编译器的介绍" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;7.2 GCC 编译器的介绍&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>编辑器，如：vim 、vscode 等，是指我们用它来编写源程序的（编辑代码），而我们写的代码语句，电脑是不懂的，我们需要把它转成电脑能懂的语句，编译器就是这样的转化工具。换言之，我们用编辑器编写程序，由编译器编译后才可以运行！</li><li>编译器是将易于编写、阅读和维护的高级计算机语言翻译为计算机能解读、运行的低级机器语言的程序。</li><li>gcc（GNU Compiler Collection，GNU 编译器套件），是由 GNU 开发的编程语言编译器。gcc 原本作为 GNU 操作系统的官方编译器，现已被大多数类 Unix 操作系统（如：Linux、BSD、Mac OS X 等）采纳为标准的编译器，gcc 同样适用于微软的 Windows 。</li><li>gcc 最初用于编译 C 语言，随着项目的发展， gcc 已经成为了能够编译 C、C++、Java、Ada、fortran、Object C、Object C++、Go 语言的编译器大家族。</li></ul><h2 id="_7-3-通过-gcc-直接生成可执行文件" tabindex="-1">7.3 通过 gcc 直接生成可执行文件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_7-3-通过-gcc-直接生成可执行文件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;7.3 通过 gcc 直接生成可执行文件&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>示例：进行预处理、编译、汇编和链接</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.c</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.exe</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+La+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_7-4-通过-gcc-分步编译" tabindex="-1">7.4 通过 gcc 分步编译 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_7-4-通过-gcc-分步编译" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;7.4 通过 gcc 分步编译&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="_7-3-1-概述" tabindex="-1">7.3.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_7-3-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;7.3.1 概述&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>预处理命令：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -E</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 源文件.c</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 源文件.i</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 通常以 .i 结尾表示这个文件是一个中间状态</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><ul><li>编译（预处理和编译）命令：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -S</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 源文件.i</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 源文件.s</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 在 Linux 中，通常以 .s 结尾；在 Windows 中，通常以 .asm 结尾</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><ul><li>汇编（预处理、编译和汇编）命令：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -c</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 源文件.s</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 源文件.o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 在 Linux 中，通常以 .o 结尾；在 Windows 中，通常以 .obj 结尾</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><ul><li>链接（预处理、编译、汇编和链接）命令：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 源文件.o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 源文件.exe</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 在 Linux 中，通常以 .out 结尾；在 Windows 中，通常以 .exe 结尾</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><h3 id="_7-4-2-应用示例" tabindex="-1">7.4.2 应用示例 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_7-4-2-应用示例" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;7.4.2 应用示例&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>示例：只进行预处理</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -E</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.c</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.i</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+za+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>示例：只进行预处理和编译</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -S</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.i</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.s</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+Pa+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>示例：只进行预处理、编译和汇编</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -c</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.s</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.o</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+Ta+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>示例：进行预处理、编译、汇编和链接</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.exe</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+Wa+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h1 id="第八章-附录" tabindex="-1">第八章：附录 <a class="header-anchor" href="#第八章-附录" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;第八章：附录&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="_8-1-wsl2-代理问题" tabindex="-1">8.1 WSL2 代理问题 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-1-wsl2-代理问题" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;8.1 WSL2 代理问题&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>在安装和配置 WSL2 之后，可能会出现如下的提示，即：</li></ul><p><img src="'+Ma+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>那么，只需要修改 <code>%USERPROFILE%\\.wslconfig</code>文件，内容如下：</li></ul><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span>[wsl2]</span></span>
<span class="line"><span>build</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><h2 id="_6-6-演示" tabindex="-1">6.6 演示 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_6-6-演示" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;6.6 演示&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>我们可以在项目中，临时创建或复制一个文件，看上述配置是否生效，即：</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>如果是复制并粘贴一个文件到项目中，请点击<code>重新加载 CMake 项目</code>！！！</p></div><p><img src="`+Sa+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h1 id="第七章-c-语言的编译过程-⭐" tabindex="-1">第七章：C 语言的编译过程（⭐） <a class="header-anchor" href="#第七章-c-语言的编译过程-⭐" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;第七章：C 语言的编译过程（⭐）&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="_7-1-概述" tabindex="-1">7.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_7-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;7.1 概述&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>C 程序的编译过程，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="'+La+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>过程 ① ：编写（编辑）源代码，即：编写 C 语言源程序代码，并以文件的形式存储在磁盘中。</li></ul><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><p>源程序需要以 <code>.c</code> 作为扩展名。</p></div><ul><li>过程 ② ：编译，即：将 C 语言源程序转换为<code>目标程序（或目标文件）</code>。如果程序没有错误，没有任何提示，就会生成一个扩展名为 <code>.obj</code>或 <code>.o</code> 的二进制文件。C 语言中的每条可执行语句经过编译之后，最终都会转换为二进制的机器指令。</li></ul><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><ul><li><p>① 其实，<code>编译阶段</code>包含了<code>预处理</code>、<code>编译</code>和<code>汇编</code>。</p></li><li><p>② <code>预处理</code>是编译过程的第一个阶段。在这个阶段，预处理器处理源代码中的指令（例如：<code>#include</code>、<code>#define</code>等），主要任务包括：</p><ul><li><p>头文件包含：将头文件的内容插入到源文件中。例如：<code>#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;</code>会被替换为<code>stdio.h</code>文件的内容。</p></li><li><p>宏展开：替换宏定义。例如：<code>#define PI 3.14</code>会将代码中的<code>PI</code>替换为<code>3.14</code>。</p></li><li><p>条件编译：根据条件指令（如：<code>#ifdef</code>、<code>#ifndef</code>）有选择地编译代码。</p></li><li><p>删除代码中的注释，但是不会进行语法检查。</p></li><li><p>预处理完成后，生成一个扩展名为<code>.i</code>的中间文件。</p></li></ul></li><li><p>③ <code>编译</code>是将预处理后的源代码转换为汇编代码的过程。在这个阶段，编译器会检查代码的语法和语义，将其转换为目标机器的汇编语言，生成一个扩展名为<code>.s</code>的汇编文件。</p></li><li><p>④ <code>汇编</code>是将汇编代码转换为机器代码（也称为目标代码或目标文件）的过程。在这个阶段，汇编器将汇编指令转换为二进制机器指令，生成一个扩展名为<code>.o</code>或 <code>.obj</code>的目标文件。</p></li></ul></div><ul><li>过程 ③ ：链接（连接），即：将编译形成的目标文件 <code>*.obj</code> 或 <code>*.o</code>和库函数以及其他目录文件<code>链接</code>，形成一个统一的二进制文件 <code>*.exe</code>。</li></ul><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><ul><li>为什么需要链接库文件？</li><li>因为我们的 C 程序会使用 C 程序库中的内容，如：<code>&lt;stdio.h&gt;</code> 中的 <code>printf()</code> 函数，这些函数不是程序员自己写的，而是 C 程序库中提供的，因此需要链接。其实，在链接过程中，还会加入启动代码，这个启动代码（和系统相关，Linux 下主要有 crt0.c、crti.c 等，它们设置堆栈后，再调用 main() 函数）负责初始化程序运行时的环境。</li></ul></div><ul><li>过程 ④ ：执行，即：有了可执行的 <code>*.exe</code>文件，我们就可以在控制台上执行运行此 <code>*.exe</code> 文件。</li></ul><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><p>如果<code>修改</code>了源代码，还需要重新<code>编译</code>、<code>链接</code>，并生成新的 <code>*.exe</code>文件，再执行，方能生效。</p></div><h2 id="_7-2-gcc-编译器的介绍" tabindex="-1">7.2 GCC 编译器的介绍 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_7-2-gcc-编译器的介绍" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;7.2 GCC 编译器的介绍&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>编辑器，如：vim 、vscode 等，是指我们用它来编写源程序的（编辑代码），而我们写的代码语句，电脑是不懂的，我们需要把它转成电脑能懂的语句，编译器就是这样的转化工具。换言之，我们用编辑器编写程序，由编译器编译后才可以运行！</li><li>编译器是将易于编写、阅读和维护的高级计算机语言翻译为计算机能解读、运行的低级机器语言的程序。</li><li>gcc（GNU Compiler Collection，GNU 编译器套件），是由 GNU 开发的编程语言编译器。gcc 原本作为 GNU 操作系统的官方编译器，现已被大多数类 Unix 操作系统（如：Linux、BSD、Mac OS X 等）采纳为标准的编译器，gcc 同样适用于微软的 Windows 。</li><li>gcc 最初用于编译 C 语言，随着项目的发展， gcc 已经成为了能够编译 C、C++、Java、Ada、fortran、Object C、Object C++、Go 语言的编译器大家族。</li></ul><h2 id="_7-3-通过-gcc-直接生成可执行文件" tabindex="-1">7.3 通过 gcc 直接生成可执行文件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_7-3-通过-gcc-直接生成可执行文件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;7.3 通过 gcc 直接生成可执行文件&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>示例：进行预处理、编译、汇编和链接</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.c</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.exe</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+za+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_7-4-通过-gcc-分步编译" tabindex="-1">7.4 通过 gcc 分步编译 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_7-4-通过-gcc-分步编译" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;7.4 通过 gcc 分步编译&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="_7-3-1-概述" tabindex="-1">7.3.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_7-3-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;7.3.1 概述&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>预处理命令：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -E</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 源文件.c</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 源文件.i</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 通常以 .i 结尾表示这个文件是一个中间状态</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><ul><li>编译（预处理和编译）命令：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -S</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 源文件.i</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 源文件.s</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 在 Linux 中，通常以 .s 结尾；在 Windows 中，通常以 .asm 结尾</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><ul><li>汇编（预处理、编译和汇编）命令：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -c</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 源文件.s</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 源文件.o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 在 Linux 中，通常以 .o 结尾；在 Windows 中，通常以 .obj 结尾</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><ul><li>链接（预处理、编译、汇编和链接）命令：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 源文件.o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 源文件.exe</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 在 Linux 中，通常以 .out 结尾；在 Windows 中，通常以 .exe 结尾</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><h3 id="_7-4-2-应用示例" tabindex="-1">7.4.2 应用示例 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_7-4-2-应用示例" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;7.4.2 应用示例&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>示例：只进行预处理</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -E</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.c</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.i</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+Pa+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>示例：只进行预处理和编译</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -S</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.i</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.s</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+Ta+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>示例：只进行预处理、编译和汇编</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -c</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.s</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.o</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+Wa+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>示例：进行预处理、编译、汇编和链接</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.exe</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+Ma+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h1 id="第八章-附录" tabindex="-1">第八章：附录 <a class="header-anchor" href="#第八章-附录" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;第八章：附录&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="_8-1-wsl2-代理问题" tabindex="-1">8.1 WSL2 代理问题 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-1-wsl2-代理问题" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;8.1 WSL2 代理问题&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>在安装和配置 WSL2 之后，可能会出现如下的提示，即：</li></ul><p><img src="'+Ua+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>那么，只需要修改 <code>%USERPROFILE%\\.wslconfig</code>文件，内容如下：</li></ul><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span>[wsl2]</span></span>
<span class="line"><span>networkingMode=mirrored</span></span>
<span class="line"><span>dnsTunneling=true</span></span>
<span class="line"><span>firewall=true</span></span>
@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ import{_ as s,c as a,o as i,a6 as n}from"./chunks/framework.CZRoMP2i.js";const l
<span class="line"><span>[experimental]</span></span>
<span class="line"><span># requires dnsTunneling but are also OPTIONAL</span></span>
<span class="line"><span>bestEffortDnsParsing=true</span></span>
<span class="line"><span>useWindowsDnsCache=true</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><p><img src="`+Oa+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>在命令行中，执行如下的命令：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">wsl</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --shutdown</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+Ua+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>此时，再打开终端，就没有这种提示了：</li></ul><p><img src="'+Ra+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_8-2-clion-调试问题" tabindex="-1">8.2 CLion 调试问题 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-2-clion-调试问题" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;8.2 CLion 调试问题&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>在 CLion 中进行 run（运行）程序的时候，对于 <code>printf</code> 函数或 <code>scanf</code> 函数很正常，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="'+Na+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>但是，当我们 debug（调试） 的时候，对于 <code>printf</code> 函数或 <code>scanf</code> 函数会一直没有输出，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="'+Ia+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>原因是 <code>scanf</code> 函数并不是直接让用户从键盘输入数据，而是先检查缓冲区，处理缓冲区中的数据；当遇到 <code>scanf</code> 函数时，程序会先检查输入缓冲区中是否有数据，所以解决方案就是<code>禁用缓冲区</code>，如下所示：</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &lt;stdio.h&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span>useWindowsDnsCache=true</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><p><img src="`+Oa+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>在命令行中，执行如下的命令：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">wsl</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --shutdown</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+Ia+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>此时，再打开终端，就没有这种提示了：</li></ul><p><img src="'+Na+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_8-2-clion-调试问题" tabindex="-1">8.2 CLion 调试问题 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-2-clion-调试问题" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;8.2 CLion 调试问题&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>在 CLion 中进行 run（运行）程序的时候，对于 <code>printf</code> 函数或 <code>scanf</code> 函数很正常，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="'+Ra+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>但是，当我们 debug（调试） 的时候，对于 <code>printf</code> 函数或 <code>scanf</code> 函数会一直没有输出，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="'+Va+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>原因是 <code>scanf</code> 函数并不是直接让用户从键盘输入数据，而是先检查缓冲区，处理缓冲区中的数据；当遇到 <code>scanf</code> 函数时，程序会先检查输入缓冲区中是否有数据，所以解决方案就是<code>禁用缓冲区</code>，如下所示：</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &lt;stdio.h&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> main</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> // 禁用 stdout 缓冲区</span></span>
@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ import{_ as s,c as a,o as i,a6 as n}from"./chunks/framework.CZRoMP2i.js";const l
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> × </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> × </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> = </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, a, b, c, result);</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br></div></div><ul><li>那么，就会达到我们想要的效果了，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="`+Va+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_8-3-内存泄露检测" tabindex="-1">8.3 内存泄露检测 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-3-内存泄露检测" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;8.3 内存泄露检测&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="_8-3-1-概述" tabindex="-1">8.3.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-3-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;8.3.1 概述&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>C 语言中的指针是否使用是个颇具争议的话题，现代化的高级编程语言通过各种策略和机制，在编译期就能解决指针危险的问题。但是，遗憾的是，C 语言的指针很大程度上，在运行期才会暴露问题。</li><li>幸运的是，我们可以使用 <code>Valgrind</code> 项目来进行<code>内存泄露检测</code>和<code>性能分析</code>，而 <code>Valgrind</code> 只支持 Linux 。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>win 11 中的 WSL2 就是个 Linux 环境，我们可以在上面跑各种 Linux 工具，这样我们就不需要再安装虚拟机软件了，如：VMware Workstation（它会完整的模拟一个硬件系统，并在上面跑各种 Linux ，实在是太笨重了）。</p></div><h3 id="_8-3-2-安装" tabindex="-1">8.3.2 安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-3-2-安装" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;8.3.2 安装&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>在 WSL2 上安装 Valgrind ：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">dnf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> upgrade</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">dnf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> valgrind</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # AlmaLinux</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> update</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> upgrade</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> valgrind</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # Ubuntu</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+Ga+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>查看 valgrind 可执行文件的安装位置：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">which</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> valgrind</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+Xa+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_8-3-3-整合" tabindex="-1">8.3.3 整合 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-3-3-整合" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;8.3.3 整合&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>CLion 中将工具链设置为 WSL2 ：</li></ul><p><img src="'+$a+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>CLion 中配置 valgrind 的路径：</li></ul><p><img src="'+Ha+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>查看 WSL2 中 cmake 的版本：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">cmake</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --version</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+Ka+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>修改项目中 CMakeLists.txt 中 cmake 的版本：</li></ul><div class="language- vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang"></span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line highlighted"><span>cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.26.5) # 3.26.5</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br></div></div><ul><li>那么，就会达到我们想要的效果了，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="`+Ga+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_8-3-内存泄露检测" tabindex="-1">8.3 内存泄露检测 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-3-内存泄露检测" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;8.3 内存泄露检测&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="_8-3-1-概述" tabindex="-1">8.3.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-3-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;8.3.1 概述&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>C 语言中的指针是否使用是个颇具争议的话题，现代化的高级编程语言通过各种策略和机制，在编译期就能解决指针危险的问题。但是，遗憾的是，C 语言的指针很大程度上，在运行期才会暴露问题。</li><li>幸运的是，我们可以使用 <code>Valgrind</code> 项目来进行<code>内存泄露检测</code>和<code>性能分析</code>，而 <code>Valgrind</code> 只支持 Linux 。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>win 11 中的 WSL2 就是个 Linux 环境，我们可以在上面跑各种 Linux 工具，这样我们就不需要再安装虚拟机软件了，如：VMware Workstation（它会完整的模拟一个硬件系统，并在上面跑各种 Linux ，实在是太笨重了）。</p></div><h3 id="_8-3-2-安装" tabindex="-1">8.3.2 安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-3-2-安装" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;8.3.2 安装&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>在 WSL2 上安装 Valgrind ：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">dnf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> upgrade</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">dnf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> valgrind</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # AlmaLinux</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> update</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> upgrade</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> valgrind</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # Ubuntu</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+Xa+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>查看 valgrind 可执行文件的安装位置：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">which</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> valgrind</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+$a+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_8-3-3-整合" tabindex="-1">8.3.3 整合 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-3-3-整合" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;8.3.3 整合&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>CLion 中将工具链设置为 WSL2 ：</li></ul><p><img src="'+Ha+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>CLion 中配置 valgrind 的路径：</li></ul><p><img src="'+Ka+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>查看 WSL2 中 cmake 的版本：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">cmake</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --version</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+Qa+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>修改项目中 CMakeLists.txt 中 cmake 的版本：</li></ul><div class="language- vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang"></span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line highlighted"><span>cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.26.5) # 3.26.5</span></span>
<span class="line"><span></span></span>
<span class="line"><span># 项目名称和版本号</span></span>
<span class="line"><span>project(c-study VERSION 1.0 LANGUAGES C)</span></span>
@ -272,14 +272,14 @@ import{_ as s,c as a,o as i,a6 as n}from"./chunks/framework.CZRoMP2i.js";const l
<span class="line"><span> target_sources(\${EXECUTABLE_NAME} PRIVATE \${MODULE_SOURCES})</span></span>
<span class="line"><span> endif ()</span></span>
<span class="line"><span> endif ()</span></span>
<span class="line"><span>endforeach ()</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br></div></div><ul><li>在 CLion 中正常运行代码：</li></ul><p><img src="`+Qa+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>在 CLion 中通过 valgrind 运行代码：</li></ul><p><img src="'+Ya+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_8-4-性能分析" tabindex="-1">8.4 性能分析 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-4-性能分析" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;8.4 性能分析&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="_8-4-1-概述" tabindex="-1">8.4.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-4-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;8.4.1 概述&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><code>perf</code> 是一个 Linux 下的性能分析工具，主要用于监控和分析系统性能。它可以帮助开发者和系统管理员了解系统中哪些部分在消耗资源、识别性能瓶颈以及分析程序的运行效率。</li></ul><h3 id="_8-4-2-安装" tabindex="-1">8.4.2 安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-4-2-安装" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;8.4.2 安装&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="_8-4-2-1-almalinux9" tabindex="-1">8.4.2.1 AlmaLinux9 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-4-2-1-almalinux9" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;8.4.2.1 AlmaLinux9&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>在 WSL2 中的 AlmaLinux 安装 perf ：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">dnf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> perf</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+ja+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h4 id="_8-4-2-2-ubuntu-22-04" tabindex="-1">8.4.2.2 Ubuntu 22.04 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-4-2-2-ubuntu-22-04" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;8.4.2.2 Ubuntu 22.04&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>在 WSL2 中的 Ubuntu 安装 perf ：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> update</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> \\</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> linux-tools-common</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> linux-tools-generic</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> linux-tools-</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">$(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">uname</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -r</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><p><img src="`+Ja+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>之所以报错的原因，在于 WSL2 中的 Ubuntu 的内核是定制化的，并非 Ubuntu 的母公司 Canonical 发布的标准内核，所以需要我们手动编译安装。</p></div><ul><li>查看内核版本：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">uname</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -sr</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+Za+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>设置环境变量，方便后续引用：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">export</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> KERNEL_VERSION</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">$(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">uname</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -r</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> |</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> cut</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -d</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&#39;-&#39;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -f1</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+si+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装依赖库：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> update</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">\\</span></span>
<span class="line"><span>endforeach ()</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br></div></div><ul><li>在 CLion 中正常运行代码：</li></ul><p><img src="`+Ya+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>在 CLion 中通过 valgrind 运行代码：</li></ul><p><img src="'+ja+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_8-4-性能分析" tabindex="-1">8.4 性能分析 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-4-性能分析" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;8.4 性能分析&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="_8-4-1-概述" tabindex="-1">8.4.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-4-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;8.4.1 概述&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><code>perf</code> 是一个 Linux 下的性能分析工具，主要用于监控和分析系统性能。它可以帮助开发者和系统管理员了解系统中哪些部分在消耗资源、识别性能瓶颈以及分析程序的运行效率。</li></ul><h3 id="_8-4-2-安装" tabindex="-1">8.4.2 安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-4-2-安装" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;8.4.2 安装&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="_8-4-2-1-almalinux9" tabindex="-1">8.4.2.1 AlmaLinux9 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-4-2-1-almalinux9" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;8.4.2.1 AlmaLinux9&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>在 WSL2 中的 AlmaLinux 安装 perf ：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">dnf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> perf</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+Ja+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h4 id="_8-4-2-2-ubuntu-22-04" tabindex="-1">8.4.2.2 Ubuntu 22.04 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-4-2-2-ubuntu-22-04" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;8.4.2.2 Ubuntu 22.04&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>在 WSL2 中的 Ubuntu 安装 perf ：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> update</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> \\</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> linux-tools-common</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> linux-tools-generic</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> linux-tools-</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">$(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">uname</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -r</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><p><img src="`+Za+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>之所以报错的原因，在于 WSL2 中的 Ubuntu 的内核是定制化的，并非 Ubuntu 的母公司 Canonical 发布的标准内核，所以需要我们手动编译安装。</p></div><ul><li>查看内核版本：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">uname</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -sr</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+si+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>设置环境变量，方便后续引用：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">export</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> KERNEL_VERSION</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">$(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">uname</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -r</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> |</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> cut</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -d</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&#39;-&#39;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -f1</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+ai+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装依赖库：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> update</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">\\</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> binutils-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> debuginfod</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> default-jdk</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> default-jre</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libaio-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> \\</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libbabeltrace-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libcap-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libdw-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libdwarf-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libelf-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libiberty-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> \\</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> liblzma-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libnuma-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libperl-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libpfm4-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libslang2-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libssl-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> \\</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libtraceevent-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libunwind-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libzstd-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libzstd1</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> python3-setuptools</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> python3</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> \\</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> python3-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> systemtap-sdt-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> zlib1g-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> bc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> dwarves</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> bison</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> flex</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libnewt-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libdwarf++0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> \\</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libelf++0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libbfb0-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> python-dev-is-python3</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><p><img src="`+ai+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>下载源码：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">git</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> clone</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> \\</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libelf++0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libbfb0-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> python-dev-is-python3</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><p><img src="`+ii+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>下载源码：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">git</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> clone</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> \\</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --depth</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 1</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> \\</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --single-branch</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --branch=linux-msft-wsl-\${</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">KERNEL_VERSION</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> \\</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> https://github.com/microsoft/WSL2-Linux-Kernel.git</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><p><img src="`+ii+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>编译内核代码：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">cd</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> WSL2-Linux-Kernel</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">make</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -j</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> $(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">nproc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">KCONFIG_CONFIG=Microsoft/config-wsl</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+ni+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>编译 perf 工具：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">cd</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> tools/perf</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">make</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> clean</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">make</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+li+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>复制到 PATH 变量所指向的路径中：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">cp</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> perf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> /usr/bin/</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+ei+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_8-4-3-整合" tabindex="-1">8.4.3 整合 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-4-3-整合" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;8.4.3 整合&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>CLion 中配置 perf 的路径：</li></ul><p><img src="'+pi+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>在 CLion 中通过 perf 运行代码：</li></ul><p><img src="'+ti+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_8-5-win-中文乱码问题" tabindex="-1">8.5 Win 中文乱码问题 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-5-win-中文乱码问题" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;8.5 Win 中文乱码问题&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>前文，我们提及到，在 Win 中，如果出现<code>中文乱码</code>问题，就需要去<code>语言和区别</code>设置<code>系统区域</code>的编码为 UTF-8 ；但是，这样可能会造成其它的软件出现中文乱码问题，如：Xshell 等。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 之所以，修改系统的编码为 UTF-8 会出现问题，是因为早期的 Win 系统的中文默认编码是 GBK（目前也是，Win 并没有强制第三方软件使用 UTF-8 编码） ，而 Xshell 等也使用的这些编码，一旦我们修改为 UTF-8 之后，可能会造成这些第三方软件出现中文乱码问题（第三方软件适配问题，相信将来应该都会切换为 UTF-8 编码），体验较差！！！</li><li>② 在 Linux 或 MacOS 之所以不会出现中文乱码的问题，是因为这些系统默认的编码就是 UTF-8 。</li></ul></div><ul><li>其实，还有一种解决方案，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="'+ri+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+ci+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+hi+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>测试一下，是否配置成功：</li></ul><p><img src="'+di+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_8-6-clion-中自动导入头文件" tabindex="-1">8.6 CLion 中自动导入头文件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-6-clion-中自动导入头文件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;8.6 CLion 中自动导入头文件&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>在 CLion 中，最为强大的功能就是直接输入函数，然后让 IDE 帮我们自动导入头文件，包括自定义的头文件，相当实用。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① CLion 中的<code>自动导入头文件</code>的<code>快捷键</code>是 <code>Alt + Enter</code> 。</li><li>② CLion 中的<code>自动提取变量的类型</code>的<code>快捷键</code>是 <code>Ctrl + Alt + V</code> 。</li></ul></div><p><img src="'+oi+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>开启自动导入头文件的步骤，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="'+ki+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+ui+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p>',561),mi=[bi];function Ei(Ci,yi,Fi,_i,vi,Bi){return i(),a("div",null,mi)}const Di=s(gi,[["render",Ei]]);export{Ai as __pageData,Di as default};
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> https://github.com/microsoft/WSL2-Linux-Kernel.git</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><p><img src="`+ni+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>编译内核代码：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">cd</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> WSL2-Linux-Kernel</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">make</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -j</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> $(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">nproc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">KCONFIG_CONFIG=Microsoft/config-wsl</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+li+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>编译 perf 工具：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">cd</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> tools/perf</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">make</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> clean</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">make</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+ei+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>复制到 PATH 变量所指向的路径中：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">cp</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> perf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> /usr/bin/</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+pi+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_8-4-3-整合" tabindex="-1">8.4.3 整合 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-4-3-整合" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;8.4.3 整合&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>CLion 中配置 perf 的路径：</li></ul><p><img src="'+ti+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>在 CLion 中通过 perf 运行代码：</li></ul><p><img src="'+ri+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_8-5-win-中文乱码问题" tabindex="-1">8.5 Win 中文乱码问题 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-5-win-中文乱码问题" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;8.5 Win 中文乱码问题&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>前文，我们提及到，在 Win 中，如果出现<code>中文乱码</code>问题，就需要去<code>语言和区别</code>设置<code>系统区域</code>的编码为 UTF-8 ；但是，这样可能会造成其它的软件出现中文乱码问题，如：Xshell 等。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 之所以，修改系统的编码为 UTF-8 会出现问题，是因为早期的 Win 系统的中文默认编码是 GBK（目前也是，Win 并没有强制第三方软件使用 UTF-8 编码） ，而 Xshell 等也使用的这些编码，一旦我们修改为 UTF-8 之后，可能会造成这些第三方软件出现中文乱码问题（第三方软件适配问题，相信将来应该都会切换为 UTF-8 编码），体验较差！！！</li><li>② 在 Linux 或 MacOS 之所以不会出现中文乱码的问题，是因为这些系统默认的编码就是 UTF-8 。</li></ul></div><ul><li>其实，还有一种解决方案，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="'+ci+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+hi+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+di+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>测试一下，是否配置成功：</li></ul><p><img src="'+oi+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_8-6-clion-中自动导入头文件" tabindex="-1">8.6 CLion 中自动导入头文件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-6-clion-中自动导入头文件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;8.6 CLion 中自动导入头文件&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>在 CLion 中，最为强大的功能就是直接输入函数，然后让 IDE 帮我们自动导入头文件，包括自定义的头文件，相当实用。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① CLion 中的<code>自动导入头文件</code>的<code>快捷键</code>是 <code>Alt + Enter</code> 。</li><li>② CLion 中的<code>自动提取变量的类型</code>的<code>快捷键</code>是 <code>Ctrl + Alt + V</code> 。</li></ul></div><p><img src="'+ki+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>开启自动导入头文件的步骤，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="'+ui+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+gi+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p>',572),Ei=[mi];function Ci(yi,Fi,_i,vi,Bi,fi){return i(),a("div",null,Ei)}const xi=s(bi,[["render",Ci]]);export{Di as __pageData,xi as default};

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data-v-17a5e62e><button data-v-17a5e62e>返回顶部</button><!----></div></div></div><aside class="VPSidebar" data-v-5d98c3a5 data-v-319d5ca6><div class="curtain" data-v-319d5ca6></div><nav class="nav" id="VPSidebarNav" aria-labelledby="sidebar-aria-label" tabindex="-1" data-v-319d5ca6><span class="visually-hidden" id="sidebar-aria-label" data-v-319d5ca6> Sidebar Navigation </span><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible has-active" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C 语言基础</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/00_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>编程基础</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C 语言入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/02_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>变量和进制</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/03_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>数据类型和运算符</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/04_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>流程控制</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/05_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>数组</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/06_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>指针</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/07_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/08_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>预处理器</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/09_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>自定义数据类型</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/10_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>内存管理</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/11_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>文件操作</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-basic/13_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>调试工具和调试技巧（gdb和make）</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/13_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>常用库函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C 语言高级</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-advance/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>变量和内存分布</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-advance/02_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>指针强化</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-advance/03_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>结构体和文件的高级用法</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-advance/04_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>链表和回调函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-advance/05_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>编译过程和面向接口</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>项目构建工具</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><section class="VPSidebarItem level-1 collapsible collapsed" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h3 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>meson</h3><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-2 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/03_build/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>meson 入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section><section class="VPSidebarItem level-1 collapsible collapsed" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h3 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Cmake</h3><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-2 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/03_build/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Cmake 入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/03_build/01_${commonDirectoryName}/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Conan </p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><section class="VPSidebarItem level-1 collapsible collapsed" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h3 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Gradle</h3><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-2 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/03_build/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Gradle 入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Linux</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/04_linux/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Linux 初识和安装</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 基础</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/02_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>变量、数据类型、运算符</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/03_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>流程控制</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/04_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>数组</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/05_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>指针</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/06_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/07_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>自定义数据类型</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/08_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>类和对象</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/09_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 引用</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/10_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>继承和派生</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/11_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 多态和虚函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/12_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>运算符重载</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/13_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>模板</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/14_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 异常</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/15_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>面向对象进阶</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/16_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>文件操作和 IO 流</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/17_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>STL（标准模板库）</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><div class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 高级</p><!----></div><!----></div></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><div class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>QT 桌面开发</p><!----></div><!----></div></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><div class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Linux 高并发服务器开发</p><!----></div><!----></div></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-5d98c3a5 data-v-1428d186><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-1428d186 data-v-39a288b8><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-39a288b8><div class="aside" data-v-39a288b8><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-39a288b8></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-39a288b8><div class="aside-content" data-v-39a288b8><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-39a288b8 data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" class="VPDocAsideOutline" data-v-3f215769 data-v-a5bbad30><div class="content" data-v-a5bbad30><div class="outline-marker" data-v-a5bbad30></div><div aria-level="2" class="outline-title" id="doc-outline-aria-label" role="heading" data-v-a5bbad30>目录</div><ul class="VPDocOutlineItem root" data-v-a5bbad30 data-v-b933a997><!--[--><!--]--></ul></div></nav><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-39a288b8><div class="content-container" data-v-39a288b8><!--[--><!--]--><main class="main" data-v-39a288b8><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _c_notes_01_c-basic_01_xdx_" data-v-39a288b8><div><h1 id="第一章-开发环境的安装和配置-⭐" tabindex="-1">第一章：开发环境的安装和配置（⭐） <a class="header-anchor" href="#第一章-开发环境的安装和配置-⭐" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;第一章：开发环境的安装和配置（⭐）&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="_1-1-什么是编译器" tabindex="-1">1.1 什么是编译器？ <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-1-什么是编译器" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.1 什么是编译器？&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>要开发 C/C++ 程序，需要安装 C/C++ 编译器，目前有两种主流实现，即： <ul><li>GCC（GNU Compiler Collection）：全平台实现，即支持 Windows、MacOS、Linux 等。</li><li>MSVC（Microsoft Visual C++）：只支持 Windows 系统。</li></ul></li><li>GCC 在 Windows 上的版本有很多，如：<a href="https://www.mingw-w64.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">MinGW-w64</a>、<a href="https://cygwin.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Gygwin</a>、<a href="https://www.msys2.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">MSYS2</a>。它们之间的区别，如下所示：</li></ul><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th>特性</th><th>MinGW-w64</th><th>Cygwin</th><th>MSYS2</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>简介</strong></td><td>Minimalist GNU for Windows</td><td>POSIX 兼容环境和工具集</td><td>结合了 MinGW 和 Cygwin 的工具集</td></tr><tr><td><strong>编译器</strong></td><td>提供 GCC 编译器</td><td>提供 POSIX 兼容环境，包含大量工具</td><td>提供 MinGW-w64 工具链和 Cygwin 环境</td></tr><tr><td><strong>生成文件</strong></td><td>Windows 原生可执行文件</td><td>POSIX 兼容的可执行文件</td><td>可以生成 Windows 原生可执行文件或 POSIX 文件</td></tr><tr><td><strong>依赖</strong></td><td>无需额外依赖</td><td>依赖 Cygwin DLL</td><td>根据使用工具链决定（MinGW-w64 无依赖，Cygwin 有依赖）</td></tr><tr><td><strong>工具和库</strong></td><td>基本的编译工具</td><td>丰富的 Unix 工具和库</td><td>丰富的工具和库，强大的包管理系统</td></tr><tr><td><strong>性能</strong></td><td>性能较好</td><td>可能较低，因为通过兼容层调用系统</td><td>取决于使用的工具链（MinGW-w64 性能较好）</td></tr><tr><td><strong>复杂度</strong></td><td>简单易用</td><td>设置和使用相对复杂</td><td>较为灵活，复杂度介于 MinGW-w64 和 Cygwin 之间</td></tr><tr><td><strong>适用场景</strong></td><td>开发 Windows 原生应用</td><td>运行和开发 Unix 程序</td><td>混合使用 Unix 工具和开发 Windows 原生应用</td></tr><tr><td><strong>优点</strong></td><td>轻量级，直接生成 Windows 应用</td><td>完整的 POSIX 兼容环境，丰富的工具</td><td>灵活的环境，强大的包管理系统</td></tr><tr><td><strong>缺点</strong></td><td>工具和库较少</td><td>生成文件依赖 Cygwin DLL，性能可能较低</td><td>环境较大，占用更多空间，复杂性比 MinGW-w64 高</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① MinGW-w64 、Cygwin 以及 MSYS2 任选其一安装即可。</li><li>② 目前的 Win10 和 Win11 版本支持 WSL2 （Windows Sub Linux 2 ，即 Windows 的子系统 Linux），可以实现在 Windows 系统上安装一个 Linux ，然后再运行 Linux 中的 GCC 工具链。</li><li>③ 本人的操作系统是 Win11 ，安装和配置都将以该系统为基础作为演示，后续不再赘述！！！</li></ul></div><h2 id="_1-2-编译器的安装和配置" tabindex="-1">1.2 编译器的安装和配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-编译器的安装和配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.2 编译器的安装和配置&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="_1-2-2-mingw-w64-的安装和配置" tabindex="-1">1.2.2 MinGW-w64 的安装和配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-2-mingw-w64-的安装和配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.2.2 MinGW-w64 的安装和配置&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="_1-2-2-1-安装" tabindex="-1">1.2.2.1 安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-2-1-安装" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.2.2.1 安装&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>下载到本地：略。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>下载地址在<a href="https://github.com/niXman/mingw-builds-binaries/releases/download/13.2.0-rt_v11-rev1/x86_64-13.2.0-release-posix-seh-ucrt-rt_v11-rev1.7z" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">这里</a>。</p></div><p><img src="/c/assets/1.D60Zf6_d.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>解压到指定的目录，即：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/2.D2-G6nV2.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>本人的解压目录是：<code>D:\develop\mingw64</code> 。</p></div><h4 id="_1-2-2-2-配置-path-环境变量" tabindex="-1">1.2.2.2 配置 path 环境变量 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-2-2-配置-path-环境变量" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.2.2.2 配置 path 环境变量&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>配置环境变量，以便任意目录都可以执行 gcc 命令，即：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/3.DpzkVk5V.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/4.BXk95GIP.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/5.CbWTB08W.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/6.twO9TCIg.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/7.CKOjeIvS.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>因为，本人安装 MinGW-w64 的目录是 <code>D:\develop\mingw64</code>，所以本人需要配置的 path 环境变量就是<code>D:\develop\mingw64\bin</code>。</p></div><p><img src="/c/assets/8.DKmR0CxE.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>测试是否安装成功：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --version</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/9.Cudf77_s.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_1-2-3-cygwin-的安装和配置" tabindex="-1">1.2.3 Cygwin 的安装和配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-3-cygwin-的安装和配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.2.3 Cygwin 的安装和配置&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="_1-2-3-1-安装" tabindex="-1">1.2.3.1 安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-3-1-安装" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.2.3.1 安装&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>下载到本地：略。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>下载地址在<a href="https://www.cygwin.com/install.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">这里</a>。</p></div><p><img src="/c/assets/10.BBUUlhRC.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>点击安装：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/11.iLABkB7O.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/12.BQuYWOU9.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/13.CslpH6j0.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/14.BAyvZdKq.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/15.C3oC1iUd.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/16.Ds-jsEZn.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/17.Cd37gMYs.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/18.CAw2z3gc.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>默认是最小化安装，没有 GCC，需要选择 gcc-core、gcc-g++、make、gdb、binutils 。</p></div><p><img src="/c/assets/19.DdPThnr-.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/20.q_rvlDnY.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/21.JRHg9RZA.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/22.Baq-Hb06.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/23.c1ht53mu.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/24.CAZmH5Py.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/25.DWeCYBe9.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/26.2XM8pYni.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/27.CN0t-fuo.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h4 id="_1-2-3-2-配置-path-环境变量" tabindex="-1">1.2.3.2 配置 path 环境变量 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-3-2-配置-path-环境变量" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.2.3.2 配置 path 环境变量&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>和 <code>1.2.2.2 配置 path 环境变量</code> 步骤相同：略。</li></ul><h3 id="_1-2-4-msys2-推荐" tabindex="-1">1.2.4 MSYS2（推荐） <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-4-msys2-推荐" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.2.4 MSYS2（推荐）&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="_1-2-4-1-安装" tabindex="-1">1.2.4.1 安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-4-1-安装" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.2.4.1 安装&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>下载到本地：略。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>下载地址在<a href="https://www.msys2.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">这里</a>。</p></div><p><img src="/c/assets/28.AcDh3LXQ.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>点击安装：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/29.CUkDFAc6.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/30.picNTNaJ.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/31.DKX92RgJ.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/32.Bxr7QKI3.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>可能很多人，会遇到安装到 <code>50%</code> 就一直卡死在那边，不用慌，关闭它，再次重新安装即可。</p></div><p><img src="/c/assets/33.DuFWsOgW.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>出现命令终端：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/34.Da9qUcfr.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>如果没有出现命令终端，也不要慌，去 Win11 操作系统的<code>开始</code>菜单，那边找一下，就能找到。</p></div><ul><li>替换清华镜像源（可选）：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sed</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -i</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> \</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;s#https\?://mirror.msys2.org/#https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/msys2/#g&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> \</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">*</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/35.7_gEABSX.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装 gcc 等相关开发包：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">pacman</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -Syu</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --noconfirm</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 更新包管理器</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">pacman</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -Sy</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> base-devel</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --noconfirm</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 安装开发工具包</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">pacman</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -Sy</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> mingw-w64-ucrt-x86_64-toolchain</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --noconfirm</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 安装开发 gcc 相关工具链</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>也许，你会看到其他人的安装命令是 <code>pacman -Sy mingw-w64-x86_64-toolchain --noconfirm</code>，此处解释下两者的区别：</p><ul><li>① <code>mingw-w64-x86_64-toolchain</code> 使用更传统的 MSVCRT，适合需要经典 MinGW 环境的项目或依赖较老 C 运行时的应用。</li><li>② <code>mingw-w64-ucrt-x86_64-toolchain</code> 使用 Microsoft 的 UCRT，更适合现代 Windows 开发，提供更好的兼容性和性能。</li></ul></div><p><img src="/c/assets/36.C2KQYoVC.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h4 id="_1-2-4-2-配置-path-环境变量" tabindex="-1">1.2.4.2 配置 path 环境变量 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-4-2-配置-path-环境变量" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.2.4.2 配置 path 环境变量&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>和 <code>1.2.2.2 配置 path 环境变量</code> 步骤相同：略。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>本人需要配置的 path 环境变量是 <code>C:\msys64\ucrt64\bin</code> 。</p></div><h2 id="_1-3-什么是-ide-集成开发环境" tabindex="-1">1.3 什么是 IDE（集成开发环境）？ <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-3-什么是-ide-集成开发环境" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.3 什么是 IDE（集成开发环境）？&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li><p>在实际开发中，除了<code>编译器</code>是必须安装的工具之外，我们往往还需要很多其他的辅助软件，如下所示：</p><ul><li>编辑器：用来编写代码，并且给代码着色，以方便阅读。</li><li>代码提示器：输入部分代码，即可提示全部代码，加速代码的编写过程。</li><li>调试器：观察程序的每一个运行步骤，发现程序的逻辑错误。</li><li>项目管理工具：对程序涉及到的所有资源进行管理，包括：源文件、图片、视频、第三方库等。</li><li>漂亮的界面：各种按钮、面板、菜单、窗口等控件整齐排布，操作更方便。</li></ul></li><li><p>这些工具通常被打包在一起，统一安装和发布，如：Visual Studio、CLion 以及 VS Code ，通常统称为集成开发环境（IDE，Integrated Development Environment）。</p></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① IDE（集成开发环境）就是一系列开发工具的组合套装。这就好比台式机，核心部件是主机。主机就相当于 IDE 的代码编辑器和编译器，有了它们，开发者就可以进行基本的编程工作。然而，正如我们在购买台式机时，通常还会附带显示器、键盘、鼠标、U盘、摄像头等外围设备，IDE 也同样提供了一系列额外的工具和插件，比如：调试器、版本控制集成、代码补全、代码重构工具等。这些“外围设备”让开发过程更加高效、直观，并且能够满足更多的开发需求，使得 IDE 成为一个完整的开发环境。</li><li>② 严格来讲， VS Code 属于编辑器，而不是 IDE；但是，可以通过安装各种插件，来完成 IDE 的功能；而 Visual Studio 和 CLion 属于 IDE。</li><li>③ 在实际开发中，使用 IDE 进行编程并不是一种非常丢人的事情。而使用编辑器，如：<code>记事本</code>、<code>vi/vim</code> 等，进行编程，也并不是一件非常骄傲的事情。可能有些人会在网上发布这样的言论：“学习编程，刚开始需要使用<code>记事本</code>或 <code>vi/vim</code>等简单的编辑器软件，不要使用 IDE ”，目的可能是为了让初学者熟悉编程的基础概念和语法，并避免依赖 IDE 的辅助功能。但是，这种方法或许可以起到锻炼基础技能的功能，但这并不意味着 IDE 就不适合初学者。事实上，许多 IDE 还提供了初学者友好的界面和工具，可以帮助新手更快地入门和理解编程。</li></ul></div><h2 id="_1-43-ide-的安装和配置" tabindex="-1">1.43 IDE 的安装和配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-43-ide-的安装和配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.43 IDE 的安装和配置&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="_1-4-1-clion" tabindex="-1">1.4.1 CLion <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-1-clion" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.4.1 CLion&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="_1-4-1-1-概述" tabindex="-1">1.4.1.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-1-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.4.1.1 概述&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><a href="https://www.jetbrains.com/clion/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">CLion</a> 是一款由 JetBrains 推出的跨平台 C/C++ 集成开发环境（IDE），它具有智能编辑器、CMake 构建支持、调试器、单元测试、代码分析等功能，可以极大提高 C/C++ 开发效率。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 本次，演示的 CLion 的安装版本是 2024.1.4 ，后续版本可能会更新，但是操作几乎不会发生太多变化！！！</li><li>② CLion 作为一个 IDE，本身就携带了各个平台（操作系统）的 C 语言编译器，如：Windows 中就是 MinGW；但是，CLion 中自带的 C 语言编译器版本可能并非我们实际开发所想要的，这也是在 Windows 中，为什么推荐使用 MSYS2 的原因所在。</li></ul></div><h4 id="_1-4-1-2-安装" tabindex="-1">1.4.1.2 安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-1-2-安装" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.4.1.2 安装&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>鼠标双击，进入安装：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/37.RTUP8Vtx.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>下一步：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/38.Dq21DxwL.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>下一步：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/39.QmpUaNxU.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>下一步：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/40.DP0C29gZ.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/41.DwzHokd4.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装完成：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/42.Bi6K26yA.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h4 id="_1-4-1-3-配置" tabindex="-1">1.4.1.3 配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-1-3-配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.4.1.3 配置&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>打开 CLion ：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/43.Bw8DcEQ_.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装中文插件（可选）：</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>对于以中文、韩语和日语为母语的开发者，CLion 在 2024.2 之后的版本就绑定了本地化插件，即不需要再安装本地化插件了。</p></div><p><img src="/c/assets/44.DPc8Z9rS.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/45.S84xHMTl.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>配置新 UI ：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/46.iw3JQUkn.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/47.ILeJt-HK.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>新 UI 配置自定义字体（可选）：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/48.CHgm7khh.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>配置<code>自动保存</code>功能：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/49.N1nqJaEg.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>配置<code>文件编码</code> 为 UTF-8：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/50.DHsnibMi.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>配置<code>控制台编码</code>为 UTF-8：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/51.BQr6Q0uV.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>配置<code>显示方法分隔符</code>功能：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/52.BVemi2Lh.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>配置<code>编辑器</code>的字体（可选）：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/53.BHR69UXx.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>检测 GCC 工具链是否安装成功：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/54.CPSU5SJI.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_1-4-2-vs-code" tabindex="-1">1.4.2 VS Code <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-2-vs-code" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.4.2 VS Code&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="_1-4-2-1-概述" tabindex="-1">1.4.2.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-2-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.4.2.1 概述&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><a href="https://code.visualstudio.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Visual Studio Code (VS Code)</a> 是一个免费的开源代码编辑器，适用于 Windows、MacOS 和 Linux 平台。它支持语法高亮、智能代码补全（IntelliSense）、内置调试工具和Git集成。用户可以通过扩展来添加更多功能，如：支持新的编程语言、主题和调试工具。VS Code 还支持在微软 Azure 上进行部署和托管，适用于各种编程语言和框架。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① Visual Studio Code 需要安装对应的插件，才能运行 C/C++ 代码。</li><li>② Visual Studio Code 除了开源免费的优点之外，还有一个优点就是插件巨多（几乎所有主流的编程语言都提供有对应的插件），这也是很多程序员喜欢使用它的原因。</li></ul></div><h4 id="_1-4-2-2-安装" tabindex="-1">1.4.2.2 安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-2-2-安装" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.4.2.2 安装&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>鼠标双击，进入安装：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/55.CaQLoDlw.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>同意协议：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/56.aRGy4XbL.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>下一步：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/57.kNO9fmPR.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>下一步：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/58.D4EkoC4o.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>下一步：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/59.V23Lo9e_.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/60.Du9LVeMB.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装过程：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/61.DdFg75U9.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装完成：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/62.C6bz6KtT.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h4 id="_1-4-2-3-配置" tabindex="-1">1.4.2.3 配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-2-3-配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.4.2.3 配置&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>安装<code>中文</code>插件：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/63.CB6LAhB5.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/64.Bip8bkua.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装 <code>C/C++</code> 插件：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/65.DRNHRduW.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/66.Cth4qqEn.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_1-4-3-microsoft-visual-studio" tabindex="-1">1.4.3 Microsoft Visual Studio <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-3-microsoft-visual-studio" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.4.3 Microsoft Visual Studio&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="_1-4-3-1-概述" tabindex="-1">1.4.3.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-3-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.4.3.1 概述&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><a href="https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Visual Studio</a>（简称 VS）是由微软公司发布的集成开发环境。它包括了整个软件生命周期中所需要的大部分工具，如：UML 工具、代码管控工具、项目版本控制 Git 等。</li><li>Visual Studio 支持 C/C++、C#、F#、VB 等多种程序语言的开发和测试，可以用于生成 Web 应用程序，也可以生成桌面应用程序，功能十分强大，但下载和安装很可能耗时数小时，还可能会塞满磁盘。</li><li>Visual Studio 有三种版本：社区版（免费，不支持企业使用），专业版（收费）和企业版（收费）。企业版拥有面向架构师的功能、高级调试和测试，这些功能是另外两种版本所没有的。</li><li>Visual Studio 旨在成为世界上最好的 IDE（集成开发环境），号称“宇宙第一强大 IDE”。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>本次，演示的 Visual Studio 的安装版本是 Visual Studio 2022 ，后续版本可能会更新，但是操作几乎不会发生太多变化！！！</p></div><h4 id="_1-4-3-2-安装" tabindex="-1">1.4.3.2 安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-3-2-安装" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.4.3.2 安装&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>鼠标双击，进入安装：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/67.DWGWZ64P.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>继续：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/68.3hDIDdvx.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>等待：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/69.Bw_dQ4ap.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>工作负荷（使用 C++ 的桌面开发）：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/70.Cn_ubTyA.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>单个组件：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/71.C84EBqwB.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>语言包：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/72.dZfJY4eR.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装位置（修改默认的安装位置）：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/73.B0zm0Z79.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>如果不是第一次安装，可能会出现<code>共享组件、工具和 SDK</code>不可以修改，即：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/74.CaTcEy1Q.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>此时，就需要打开<code>注册表编辑器</code>，将如下图中的除了第一个选项，全部删除，然后关闭再重新安装，即：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/75.iEc8mo9g.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>开始安装：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/76.Co2KxM6t.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装中：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/77.CaUm8Qhc.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装完成，然后关闭：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/78.kOkqIKG6.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h4 id="_1-4-3-3-配置" tabindex="-1">1.4.3.3 配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-3-3-配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.4.3.3 配置&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>在开始菜单处，启动 VS ：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/79.CyeASH-c.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>登录或跳过该选项（有微软账号就注册，没有就暂时跳过）：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/80.CFdk60La.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>继续：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/81.Bhl-0uK_.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>注册 VS ：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/82.Dni9KbXV.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>填写注册码：</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① Pro 版本：<code>TD244-P4NB7-YQ6XK-Y8MMM-YWV2J</code></li><li>② Enterprise 版本：<code>VHF9H-NXBBB-638P6-6JHCY-88JWH</code></li></ul></div><p><img src="/c/assets/83.BXx10MCV.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/84.CXcIKX1T.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h1 id="第二章-c-语言入门-helloworld-⭐" tabindex="-1">第二章：C 语言入门（HelloWorld，⭐） <a class="header-anchor" href="#第二章-c-语言入门-helloworld-⭐" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;第二章：C 语言入门（HelloWorld，⭐）&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="_2-1-手动版" tabindex="-1">2.1 手动版 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-1-手动版" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.1 手动版&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>① 新建一个 <code>HelloWorld.c</code> 的文件：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/85.CQ3_QCQT.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>② 通过<code>记事本</code>等软件打开该文件，输入如下的代码，并保存：</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &lt;stdio.h&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">*</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/35.7_gEABSX.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装 gcc 等相关开发包：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">pacman</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -Syu</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --noconfirm</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 更新包管理器</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">pacman</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -Sy</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> base-devel</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --noconfirm</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 安装开发工具包</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">pacman</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -Sy</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> mingw-w64-ucrt-x86_64-toolchain</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --noconfirm</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 安装开发 gcc 相关工具链</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>也许，你会看到其他人的安装命令是 <code>pacman -Sy mingw-w64-x86_64-toolchain --noconfirm</code>，此处解释下两者的区别：</p><ul><li>① <code>mingw-w64-x86_64-toolchain</code> 使用更传统的 MSVCRT，适合需要经典 MinGW 环境的项目或依赖较老 C 运行时的应用。</li><li>② <code>mingw-w64-ucrt-x86_64-toolchain</code> 使用 Microsoft 的 UCRT，更适合现代 Windows 开发，提供更好的兼容性和性能。</li></ul></div><p><img src="/c/assets/36.C2KQYoVC.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h4 id="_1-2-4-2-配置-path-环境变量" tabindex="-1">1.2.4.2 配置 path 环境变量 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-4-2-配置-path-环境变量" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.2.4.2 配置 path 环境变量&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>和 <code>1.2.2.2 配置 path 环境变量</code> 步骤相同：略。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>本人需要配置的 path 环境变量是 <code>C:\msys64\ucrt64\bin</code> 。</p></div><h2 id="_1-3-什么是-ide-集成开发环境" tabindex="-1">1.3 什么是 IDE（集成开发环境）？ <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-3-什么是-ide-集成开发环境" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.3 什么是 IDE（集成开发环境）？&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li><p>在实际开发中，除了<code>编译器</code>是必须安装的工具之外，我们往往还需要很多其他的辅助软件，如下所示：</p><ul><li>编辑器：用来编写代码，并且给代码着色，以方便阅读。</li><li>代码提示器：输入部分代码，即可提示全部代码，加速代码的编写过程。</li><li>调试器：观察程序的每一个运行步骤，发现程序的逻辑错误。</li><li>项目管理工具：对程序涉及到的所有资源进行管理，包括：源文件、图片、视频、第三方库等。</li><li>漂亮的界面：各种按钮、面板、菜单、窗口等控件整齐排布，操作更方便。</li></ul></li><li><p>这些工具通常被打包在一起，统一安装和发布，如：Visual Studio、CLion 以及 VS Code ，通常统称为集成开发环境（IDE，Integrated Development Environment）。</p></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① IDE（集成开发环境）就是一系列开发工具的组合套装。这就好比台式机，核心部件是主机。主机就相当于 IDE 的代码编辑器和编译器，有了它们，开发者就可以进行基本的编程工作。然而，正如我们在购买台式机时，通常还会附带显示器、键盘、鼠标、U盘、摄像头等外围设备，IDE 也同样提供了一系列额外的工具和插件，比如：调试器、版本控制集成、代码补全、代码重构工具等。这些“外围设备”让开发过程更加高效、直观，并且能够满足更多的开发需求，使得 IDE 成为一个完整的开发环境。</li><li>② 严格来讲， VS Code 属于编辑器，而不是 IDE；但是，可以通过安装各种插件，来完成 IDE 的功能；而 Visual Studio 和 CLion 属于 IDE。</li><li>③ 在实际开发中，使用 IDE 进行编程并不是一种非常丢人的事情。而使用编辑器，如：<code>记事本</code>、<code>vi/vim</code> 等，进行编程，也并不是一件非常骄傲的事情。可能有些人会在网上发布这样的言论：“学习编程，刚开始需要使用<code>记事本</code>或 <code>vi/vim</code>等简单的编辑器软件，不要使用 IDE ”，目的可能是为了让初学者熟悉编程的基础概念和语法，并避免依赖 IDE 的辅助功能。但是，这种方法或许可以起到锻炼基础技能的功能，但这并不意味着 IDE 就不适合初学者。事实上，许多 IDE 还提供了初学者友好的界面和工具，可以帮助新手更快地入门和理解编程。</li></ul></div><h2 id="_1-4-ide-的安装和配置" tabindex="-1">1.4 IDE 的安装和配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-ide-的安装和配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.4 IDE 的安装和配置&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="_1-4-1-clion" tabindex="-1">1.4.1 CLion <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-1-clion" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.4.1 CLion&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="_1-4-1-1-概述" tabindex="-1">1.4.1.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-1-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.4.1.1 概述&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><a href="https://www.jetbrains.com/clion/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">CLion</a> 是一款由 JetBrains 推出的跨平台 C/C++ 集成开发环境（IDE），它具有智能编辑器、CMake 构建支持、调试器、单元测试、代码分析等功能，可以极大提高 C/C++ 开发效率。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 本次，演示的 CLion 的安装版本是 2024.1.4 ，后续版本可能会更新，但是操作几乎不会发生太多变化！！！</li><li>② CLion 作为一个 IDE，本身就携带了各个平台（操作系统）的 C 语言编译器，如：Windows 中就是 MinGW；但是，CLion 中自带的 C 语言编译器版本可能并非我们实际开发所想要的，这也是在 Windows 中，为什么推荐使用 MSYS2 的原因所在。</li></ul></div><h4 id="_1-4-1-2-安装" tabindex="-1">1.4.1.2 安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-1-2-安装" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.4.1.2 安装&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>鼠标双击，进入安装：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/37.RTUP8Vtx.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>下一步：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/38.Dq21DxwL.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>下一步：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/39.QmpUaNxU.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>下一步：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/40.DP0C29gZ.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/41.DwzHokd4.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装完成：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/42.Bi6K26yA.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h4 id="_1-4-1-3-配置" tabindex="-1">1.4.1.3 配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-1-3-配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.4.1.3 配置&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>打开 CLion ：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/43.Bw8DcEQ_.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装中文插件（可选）：</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>对于以中文、韩语和日语为母语的开发者，CLion 在 2024.2 之后的版本就绑定了本地化插件，即不需要再安装本地化插件了。</p></div><p><img src="/c/assets/44.DPc8Z9rS.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/45.S84xHMTl.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>配置新 UI ：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/46.iw3JQUkn.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/47.ILeJt-HK.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>新 UI 配置自定义字体（可选）：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/48.CHgm7khh.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>配置<code>自动保存</code>功能：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/49.N1nqJaEg.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>配置<code>文件编码</code> 为 UTF-8：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/50.DHsnibMi.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>配置<code>控制台编码</code>为 UTF-8：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/51.BQr6Q0uV.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>配置<code>显示方法分隔符</code>功能：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/52.BVemi2Lh.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>配置<code>编辑器</code>的字体（可选）：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/53.BHR69UXx.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>检测 GCC 工具链是否安装成功：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/54.CPSU5SJI.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_1-4-2-vs-code" tabindex="-1">1.4.2 VS Code <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-2-vs-code" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.4.2 VS Code&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="_1-4-2-1-概述" tabindex="-1">1.4.2.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-2-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.4.2.1 概述&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><a href="https://code.visualstudio.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Visual Studio Code (VS Code)</a> 是一个免费的开源代码编辑器，适用于 Windows、MacOS 和 Linux 平台。它支持语法高亮、智能代码补全（IntelliSense）、内置调试工具和Git集成。用户可以通过扩展来添加更多功能，如：支持新的编程语言、主题和调试工具。VS Code 还支持在微软 Azure 上进行部署和托管，适用于各种编程语言和框架。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① Visual Studio Code 需要安装对应的插件，才能运行 C/C++ 代码。</li><li>② Visual Studio Code 除了开源免费的优点之外，还有一个优点就是插件巨多（几乎所有主流的编程语言都提供有对应的插件），这也是很多程序员喜欢使用它的原因。</li></ul></div><h4 id="_1-4-2-2-安装" tabindex="-1">1.4.2.2 安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-2-2-安装" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.4.2.2 安装&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>鼠标双击，进入安装：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/55.CaQLoDlw.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>同意协议：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/56.aRGy4XbL.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>下一步：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/57.kNO9fmPR.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>下一步：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/58.D4EkoC4o.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>下一步：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/59.V23Lo9e_.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/60.Du9LVeMB.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装过程：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/61.DdFg75U9.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装完成：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/62.C6bz6KtT.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h4 id="_1-4-2-3-配置" tabindex="-1">1.4.2.3 配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-2-3-配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.4.2.3 配置&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>安装<code>中文</code>插件：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/63.CB6LAhB5.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/64.Bip8bkua.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装 <code>C/C++</code> 插件：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/65.DRNHRduW.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/66.Cth4qqEn.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_1-4-3-microsoft-visual-studio" tabindex="-1">1.4.3 Microsoft Visual Studio <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-3-microsoft-visual-studio" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.4.3 Microsoft Visual Studio&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="_1-4-3-1-概述" tabindex="-1">1.4.3.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-3-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.4.3.1 概述&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><a href="https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Visual Studio</a>（简称 VS）是由微软公司发布的集成开发环境。它包括了整个软件生命周期中所需要的大部分工具，如：UML 工具、代码管控工具、项目版本控制 Git 等。</li><li>Visual Studio 支持 C/C++、C#、F#、VB 等多种程序语言的开发和测试，可以用于生成 Web 应用程序，也可以生成桌面应用程序，功能十分强大，但下载和安装很可能耗时数小时，还可能会塞满磁盘。</li><li>Visual Studio 有三种版本：社区版（免费，不支持企业使用），专业版（收费）和企业版（收费）。企业版拥有面向架构师的功能、高级调试和测试，这些功能是另外两种版本所没有的。</li><li>Visual Studio 旨在成为世界上最好的 IDE（集成开发环境），号称“宇宙第一强大 IDE”。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>本次，演示的 Visual Studio 的安装版本是 Visual Studio 2022 ，后续版本可能会更新，但是操作几乎不会发生太多变化！！！</p></div><h4 id="_1-4-3-2-安装" tabindex="-1">1.4.3.2 安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-3-2-安装" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.4.3.2 安装&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>鼠标双击，进入安装：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/67.DWGWZ64P.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>继续：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/68.3hDIDdvx.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>等待：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/69.Bw_dQ4ap.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>工作负荷（使用 C++ 的桌面开发）：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/70.Cn_ubTyA.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>单个组件：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/71.C84EBqwB.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>语言包：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/72.dZfJY4eR.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装位置（修改默认的安装位置）：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/73.B0zm0Z79.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>如果不是第一次安装，可能会出现<code>共享组件、工具和 SDK</code>不可以修改，即：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/74.CaTcEy1Q.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>此时，就需要打开<code>注册表编辑器</code>，将如下图中的除了第一个选项，全部删除，然后关闭再重新安装，即：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/75.iEc8mo9g.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>开始安装：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/76.Co2KxM6t.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装中：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/77.CaUm8Qhc.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装完成，然后关闭：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/78.kOkqIKG6.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h4 id="_1-4-3-3-配置" tabindex="-1">1.4.3.3 配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-3-3-配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.4.3.3 配置&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>在开始菜单处，启动 VS ：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/79.CyeASH-c.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>登录或跳过该选项（有微软账号就注册，没有就暂时跳过）：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/80.CFdk60La.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>继续：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/81.Bhl-0uK_.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>注册 VS ：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/82.Dni9KbXV.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>填写注册码：</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① Pro 版本：<code>TD244-P4NB7-YQ6XK-Y8MMM-YWV2J</code></li><li>② Enterprise 版本：<code>VHF9H-NXBBB-638P6-6JHCY-88JWH</code></li></ul></div><p><img src="/c/assets/83.BXx10MCV.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/84.CXcIKX1T.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_1-5-什么是工程-项目" tabindex="-1">1.5 什么是工程/项目 ？ <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-5-什么是工程-项目" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.5 什么是工程/项目 ？&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="_1-5-1-概述" tabindex="-1">1.5.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-5-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.5.1 概述&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>一个真正的软件往往包含多项功能，每一项功能都需要几十行、几千行甚至几万行的代码，如果我们将这些代码都放到一个源文件中，不但打开的速度极慢，代码的编写和维护也会变得非常困难。</li><li>在实际开发中，随着软件规模的增加，代码的复杂性也会显著提升，为了提高代码的易读性、维护性等，程序员会将代码按照功能分别放到不同的源文件中。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>需要说明的是，一个真正的软件除了源代码之外，往往还会包括图片、视频、音频、库（框架）等其它资源，这些也是一个个的文件。</p></div><ul><li>为了有效的管理这些种类繁杂、数目众多的文件，我们会将这些文件按照功能放到不同的目录中进行统一管理，并且这个目录下只存放与当前程序有关的资源。其实，这就是工程或项目。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>总结：</p><ul><li>① 随着软件规模的增加，代码的复杂性也会显著提升。将代码分割成多个模块或文件并分别管理，可以减少每个文件的复杂度，使代码更易读、易理解、易维护。工程提供了一个结构化的环境，将这些文件组织在一个系统化的目录结构中。</li><li>② 除了代码，软件开发还涉及到各种资源的管理，如：图片、音频、视频、配置文件等。工程能够帮助开发者将这些资源合理地分类存放，并与代码一同管理，确保它们在开发、编译和运行时能被正确引用。</li></ul></div><ul><li>许多 IDE 都提供了工程或项目的概念，其目的就是为了帮助开发者合理的管理软件开发中所需要的资源，如：图片、视频、音频、库（框架）等。</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/85.DptbJqQo.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_1-5-2-工程类型-项目类型" tabindex="-1">1.5.2 工程类型/项目类型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-5-2-工程类型-项目类型" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.5.2 工程类型/项目类型&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>程序或软件是一个非常宽泛的概念，它可以细分为很多种类，如下所示：</p><ul><li>控制台程序（Console Application）：控制台程序是一种不具备图形用户界面的程序，它通过文本方式与用户交互，通常运行在命令行窗口（黑底白字的终端），如：Unix/Linux 中的<code>ls</code>命令、Windows 中的<code>cmd.exe</code>等。</li><li>GUI 程序（Graphical User Interface Program）：GUI 程序是一种具有图形用户界面的程序，通过窗口、按钮、菜单等图形控件与用户交互，如：微信、QQ 等。</li><li>静态库和动态库： <ul><li>静态库指的是在编译时包含到程序中的库，程序不依赖外部文件运行，如：在 C/C++ 中，静态库通常以<code>.lib</code>（Windows）或<code>.a</code>（Unix/Linux）为扩展名。</li><li>动态库指的是在运行时加载的库，允许多个程序共享，并且程序在运行时依赖这些库，如： 在Windows中，动态库通常以<code>.dll</code>为扩展名；在 Unix/Linux 中，以<code>.so</code>为扩展名。</li></ul></li></ul></li><li><p>不同类型的程序（控制台程序、GUI 程序、静态库、动态库等）需要不同的配置和文件结构，因此在 IDE 中创建项目时，选择正确的工程类型非常重要。不同的工程类型决定了 IDE 为你生成的初始文件、目录结构，以及预设的一些编译和链接参数。</p></li></ul><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><ul><li>① 控制台程序适合初学者，因为它更简单，没有复杂的界面元素，开发时可以专注于逻辑和代码本身。</li><li>② 而 GUI 程序则涉及到用户界面设计和事件驱动编程，更适合有一定编程基础的人进行学习和开发。</li></ul></div><h1 id="第二章-c-语言入门-helloworld-⭐" tabindex="-1">第二章：C 语言入门（HelloWorld，⭐） <a class="header-anchor" href="#第二章-c-语言入门-helloworld-⭐" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;第二章：C 语言入门（HelloWorld，⭐）&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="_2-1-手动版" tabindex="-1">2.1 手动版 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-1-手动版" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.1 手动版&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>① 新建一个 <code>HelloWorld.c</code> 的文件：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/86.CQ3_QCQT.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>② 通过<code>记事本</code>等软件打开该文件，输入如下的代码，并保存：</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &lt;stdio.h&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> main</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(){</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Hello World&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/86.CQoDRJM5.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>③ 通过 <code>gcc</code> 命令编译该文件：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.c</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.exe</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/87.CPfwZvD9.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>④ 执行：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">./HelloWorld.exe</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/88.bxEomEjU.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_2-2-vs-code-版" tabindex="-1">2.2 VS Code 版 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-2-vs-code-版" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.2 VS Code 版&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>① 新建一个<code>空</code>文件夹（目录），用于存放代码：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/89.C_onhf2k.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>② 通过 <code>vscode</code> 打开该目录：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/90.Budj3s38.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>③ 在 <code>vscode</code> 中新建 <code>HelloWorld.c</code> 文件：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/91.CH8koQdu.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>④ 设置 VSCode 中 C/C++ 的代码格式为行尾风格（可选）：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/92.kUJhxMtg.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/93.BJeJJW4_.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑤ 编写如下的代码，并保存：</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &lt;stdio.h&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/87.CQoDRJM5.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>③ 通过 <code>gcc</code> 命令编译该文件：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.c</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.exe</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/88.CPfwZvD9.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>④ 执行：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">./HelloWorld.exe</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/89.bxEomEjU.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_2-2-vs-code-版" tabindex="-1">2.2 VS Code 版 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-2-vs-code-版" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.2 VS Code 版&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>① 新建一个<code>空</code>文件夹（目录），用于存放代码：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/90.C_onhf2k.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>② 通过 <code>vscode</code> 打开该目录：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/91.Budj3s38.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>③ 在 <code>vscode</code> 中新建 <code>HelloWorld.c</code> 文件：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/92.CH8koQdu.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>④ 设置 VSCode 中 C/C++ 的代码格式为行尾风格（可选）：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/93.kUJhxMtg.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/94.BJeJJW4_.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑤ 编写如下的代码，并保存：</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &lt;stdio.h&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> main</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(){</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Hello World&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/94.BCuK6eJL.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑥ 通过 <code>gcc</code> 命令编译该文件：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.c</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.exe</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/95.rKC-z4z-.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑦ 执行：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">./HelloWorld.exe</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/96.BJE3xxuT.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑧ 安装 Code Runner 插件（步骤略），实现右键直接编译执行（可选）：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/97.DJOq__O0.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_2-3-vs-版" tabindex="-1">2.3 VS 版 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-3-vs-版" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.3 VS 版&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>① 新建空项目：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/98.BDt_0fRR.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/99.Bo5OawW8.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/100.sUWUfl5e.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/101.BK4jpnB8.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>② 打开<code>解决方案资源管理器</code>：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/102.EF8vdbSq.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/103.DjxdA_Co.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>③ 新建 <code>HelloWorld.c</code> 文件：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/104.sp68q1hh.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>④ 编写如下代码，并保存：</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &lt;stdio.h&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/95.BCuK6eJL.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑥ 通过 <code>gcc</code> 命令编译该文件：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.c</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.exe</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/96.rKC-z4z-.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑦ 执行：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">./HelloWorld.exe</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/97.BJE3xxuT.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑧ 安装 Code Runner 插件（步骤略），实现右键直接编译执行（可选）：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/98.DJOq__O0.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_2-3-vs-版" tabindex="-1">2.3 VS 版 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-3-vs-版" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.3 VS 版&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>① 新建空项目：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/99.BDt_0fRR.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/100.Bo5OawW8.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/101.sUWUfl5e.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/102.BK4jpnB8.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>② 打开<code>解决方案资源管理器</code>：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/103.EF8vdbSq.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/104.DjxdA_Co.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>③ 新建 <code>HelloWorld.c</code> 文件：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/105.sp68q1hh.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>④ 编写如下代码，并保存：</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &lt;stdio.h&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> main</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(){</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Hello World&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/105.DhMRyxNN.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑤ 编译和执行：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/106.CdcLZM0R.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_2-4-clion-版" tabindex="-1">2.4 CLion 版 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-4-clion-版" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.4 CLion 版&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>① 新建空项目：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/107.D-5AsTTr.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/108.2RQKmAUa.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/109.CI4xX8SM.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>② 编写如下代码，并保存：</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &lt;stdio.h&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/106.DhMRyxNN.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑤ 编译和执行：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/107.CdcLZM0R.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_2-4-clion-版" tabindex="-1">2.4 CLion 版 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-4-clion-版" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.4 CLion 版&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>① 新建空项目：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/108.D-5AsTTr.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/109.2RQKmAUa.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/110.CI4xX8SM.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>② 编写如下代码，并保存：</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &lt;stdio.h&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> main</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(){</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Hello World&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/110.C8QUZ9v3.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>③ 编译和运行：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/111.g5tQfhWz.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>④ 默认情况下，一个项目只能有一个 c 源文件包含 main 函数，但是 CLion 可以有多个，如下：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/112.CX0_1NsE.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑤ 如果之后，有中文乱码问题，那么请做如下步骤：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/113.BrFJeoK6.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/114.58TjSSjH.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>内容如下所示：</p><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span>-Dfile.encoding=UTF-8</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/111.C8QUZ9v3.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>③ 编译和运行：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/112.g5tQfhWz.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>④ 默认情况下，一个项目只能有一个 c 源文件包含 main 函数，但是 CLion 可以有多个，如下：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/113.CX0_1NsE.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑤ 如果之后，有中文乱码问题，那么请做如下步骤：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/114.BrFJeoK6.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/115.58TjSSjH.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>内容如下所示：</p><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span>-Dfile.encoding=UTF-8</span></span>
<span class="line"><span>-Dconsole.encoding=UTF-8</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div></div><h1 id="第三章-五花八门的-c-语言编译器-⭐" tabindex="-1">第三章：五花八门的 C 语言编译器（⭐） <a class="header-anchor" href="#第三章-五花八门的-c-语言编译器-⭐" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;第三章：五花八门的 C 语言编译器（⭐）&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="_3-1-概述" tabindex="-1">3.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.1 概述&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>由于 C 语言的历史比较久，而且早期没有规范，整个计算机产业也都处于拓荒的年代，所以就涌现了很多款 C 语言编译器，它们各有特点，适用于不同的平台。</li></ul><h2 id="_3-2-桌面操作系统" tabindex="-1">3.2 桌面操作系统 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-2-桌面操作系统" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.2 桌面操作系统&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>目前而言，主流的桌面操作系统就是 Windows、Linux 和 MacOS 。</li><li>对于 Windows 而言，使用的最多的 C/C++ 编译器是 <code>MSVC</code> （Microsoft Visual C++），被集成在 Visual Studio 开发环境中，其特点如下： <ul><li>① 兼容性: 与 Windows 操作系统和 Windows API 深度集成，生成的二进制文件为 PE 格式。</li><li>② 调试工具: 提供强大的调试工具，如：Visual Studio Debugger。</li><li>③ 优化: 支持各种编译器优化，特别是针对 Windows 平台的优化。</li><li>④ 库支持: 提供丰富的 Windows 专用库，如：<s>MFC（Microsoft Foundation Class Library）</s>。</li></ul></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>MSVC 不开源，我们可以使用 Visual Studio Community 社区版，但是如果想使用 Visual Studio Community 社区版生成出来的应用进行商用，就需要好好阅读微软的许可证和说明书了。</p></div><ul><li>对于 Linux 而言，使用的最多的 C/C++ 编译器是 <code>GCC</code>（支持多种架构和语言），并且很多 Linux 发行版本都将 GCC 作为默认的编译器，其特点如下所示： <ul><li>① 广泛支持: 支持各种 Linux 发行版，是大多数开源项目的默认编译器。</li><li>② 强大的优化: 提供各种编译优化选项，适合多种性能需求的开发。</li><li>③ 丰富的工具链: 和 GDB（GNU 调试器）、Make、Autoconf 等工具无缝集成。</li></ul></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>目前而言，GCC 已经属于跨平台的项目了，支持 Windows、Linux 和 MacOS ，在 Windows 上 GCC 的移植项目，如：MinGW、Cygwin 以及 MSYS2，其差别如下所示：</p><ul><li>① MinGW 提供了 GCC 编译器的 Windows 版本，可以生成 Windows 兼容的本地代码。</li><li>② Cygwin 是一个在 Windows 上运行的类 Unix 环境，它提供了一套完整的 POSIX 兼容工具，包括 GCC 编译器。</li><li>③ MSYS2 是一个在 Windows 上运行的轻量级、开源的 Unix-like 环境，它为 Windows 用户提供了类似于 Linux 的开发环境。MSYS2 是 MinGW 和 Cygwin 的后继者，旨在提供更现代化和更强大的开发工具集。</li></ul></div><ul><li>对于 MacOS 而言，使用的最多的 C/C++ 编译器是 <code>Clang/LLVM</code>，其特点如下： <ul><li>① Xcode 集成: 深度集成到 Xcode 中，支持 Apple 的所有平台（macOS、iOS、tvOS、watchOS）的开发。</li><li>② 优化和兼容: 生成的代码针对 Apple 的硬件进行优化，并兼容 GCC 的大部分功能。</li><li>③ 现代化: Clang 提供了对 C 语言标准的全面支持，并且以其快速的编译速度和易读的错误报告而著称。</li></ul></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>在 MacOS 中，尽管 Clang 是默认编译器；但是，也可以 Homebrew 等包管理器来安装 GCC ，以便开发 C/C++ 项目。</p></div><h2 id="_3-3-嵌入式系统" tabindex="-1">3.3 嵌入式系统 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-3-嵌入式系统" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.3 嵌入式系统&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li><p>在嵌入式系统开发中，可用的 C 语言编译器以及工具链非常丰富， 有很多是免费或开源的，如下所示：</p><ul><li><code>GCC (GNU Compiler Collection)</code>： <ul><li>简介：GCC 是最广泛使用的开源编译器集合之一，支持多种处理器架构，包括 ARM、AVR、MIPS、RISC-V 等。</li><li>开源或免费：完全开源且免费，受到广泛的社区支持。</li></ul></li><li><code>Clang/LLVM</code>： <ul><li>简介：Clang 是基于 LLVM 架构的开源编译器，支持多种架构，并且与 GCC 兼容。</li><li>开源或免费：开源且免费，具有快速的编译速度和现代化的代码分析工具。</li></ul></li><li><code>SDCC (Small Device C Compiler)</code>： <ul><li>简介: SDCC 是一个开源的跨平台 C 编译器，主要用于 8 位和 16 位微控制器，如：8051、Z80、PIC 等。</li><li>开源或免费：完全开源且免费，适合教育和小型项目开发。</li></ul></li><li><code>MPLAB XC Compilers</code>： <ul><li>简介：MPLAB XC 是由 Microchip 提供的编译器系列，专门用于其 PIC 和 dsPIC 微控制器。</li><li>开源或免费：提供免费版本（使用标准优化级别），但也有付费版本提供更高级的优化。</li></ul></li><li><code>ARM GCC</code>： <ul><li>简介：ARM GCC 是 GCC 的一个专门版本，针对 ARM Cortex-M 系列微控制器进行了优化。</li><li>开源或免费：完全开源且免费，广泛用于工业、教育和开源项目中。</li></ul></li><li><code>PlatformIO</code> ： <ul><li>简介：PlatformIO 是一个开源的嵌入式开发生态系统，支持多种开发板、框架和编译器。</li><li>开源或免费：基本功能免费，部分高级功能和插件需要订阅服务。</li></ul></li><li><code>Eclipse</code> ： <ul><li>简介：Eclipse 是一个开源的集成开发环境（IDE），可以通过插件支持嵌入式开发。</li><li>开源或免费：Eclipse 和 GCC 都是开源免费的，适合跨平台开发。</li></ul></li><li><code>Arduino IDE</code>： <ul><li>简介：Arduino IDE 是一个简单易用的开源开发环境，广泛用于 Arduino 开发板和其他兼容开发板。</li><li>开源或免费：完全开源且免费，非常适合教育和入门级开发。</li></ul></li><li>...</li></ul></li><li><p>这些编译器以及工具链各有优势，开发者应根据目标硬件平台、项目需求和开发环境选择最适合的编译器。</p></li></ul><h2 id="_3-4-c-语言为什么有那么多的编译器" tabindex="-1">3.4 C 语言为什么有那么多的编译器？ <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-4-c-语言为什么有那么多的编译器" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.4 C 语言为什么有那么多的编译器？&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>C 语言并没有一个官方机构，也不属于哪个公司，它只有一个制定标准的委员会，任何其他组织或者个人都可以开发 C 语言的编译器，而这个编译器要遵守哪个 C 语言标准，是 100% 遵守还是部分遵守，并没有强制性的措施，也没有任何约束。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 各个厂商可以根据自己的利益和喜好来开发编译器。</li><li>② 市场和用户的选择通常是推动编译器开发者遵循标准的主要动力。</li></ul></div><ul><li>并且，不同硬件平台之间也存在差异，这会导致内存管理方式、寄存器、指令集等都有所不同，为了确保 C 语言程序能在这些硬件平台运行，就得针对该平台开发/定制不同的编译器。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 上述的情况，在单片机和嵌入式领域更加常见。</li><li>② 总体而言，C 语言具有开放性，并且要适应不同的硬件平台，这使得不同厂商可以根据自己的需求来进行个性化开发/定制。</li></ul></div><ul><li>这也导致了一个非常棘手的问题，有的编译器遵守较新的 C 语言标准，有的编译器只能遵守较老的 C 语言标准，有的编译器还进行了很多扩展。比如： <ul><li>GCC、LLVM/Clang 更新非常及时，能够支持最新的 C 语言标准。</li><li>MSVC 更新比较缓慢，迟迟不能支持新标准，例如：VC6.0、VS2010 都在使用 C89 标准，VS2015 部分支持 C99 标准。</li></ul></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>微软官方给出的答复：最新的标准已经在 C++ 中支持了，C 语言就没必要再重复了。</p></div><ul><li>初学者经常会遇到这种情况，有些代码在 MSVC 下能够正常运行，拿到 GCC 下就不行了，一堆报错信息； 或者反过来，在 GCC 上能运行的代码在 MSVC 下不能运行。这是因为不同的编译器支持的标准不同，每个编译器都进行了自己的扩展，假如你使用了 MSVC 自己的扩展函数，那么拿到 GCC 下肯定是不支持的。</li></ul><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><ul><li>① 在学习的时候，无所谓使用那个 C 语言编译器了。</li><li>② 但是，如果要开发实际项目（开源或商业），最好使用 GCC 编译器，因为其功能最强大、开源、跨平台、免费，支持最新的 C 语言标准。</li></ul></div><h1 id="第四章-注释-⭐" tabindex="-1">第四章：注释（⭐） <a class="header-anchor" href="#第四章-注释-⭐" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;第四章：注释（⭐）&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="_4-1-概述" tabindex="-1">4.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_4-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;4.1 概述&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>编程语言中，<code>注释</code>是一种<code>特殊</code>的文本，它不会被编译器执行，而仅用于代码的解释和文档说明。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 注释是一个程序员必须有具有的良好编程习惯。</li><li>② 在实际开发中，程序员可以将自己的思路通过<code>注释</code>整理出来，然后再用<code>代码</code>去实现。</li></ul></div><h2 id="_4-2-单行注释" tabindex="-1">4.2 单行注释 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_4-2-单行注释" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;4.2 单行注释&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>C 语言中的单行注释的格式，如下所示：</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;">// 单行注释</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>在 CLion 中的快捷键是 <code>Ctrl + /</code> 。</p></div><ul><li>示例：</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &lt;stdio.h&gt;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> // 这是编译预处理指令</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> main</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">() {</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> // 定义主函数</span></span>
@ -102,16 +102,16 @@
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;">// 编译器将在系统的标准头文件目录中查找文件。</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &lt;filename&gt;</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;">// 用于包含用户自定义的头文件。</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;">// 编译器首先在当前目录中查找文件，如果未找到，再在标准头文件目录中查找。</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;filename&quot;</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><h1 id="第六章-clion-高级配置-⭐" tabindex="-1">第六章：CLion 高级配置（⭐） <a class="header-anchor" href="#第六章-clion-高级配置-⭐" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;第六章：CLion 高级配置（⭐）&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="_6-1-安装和配置-wsl2" tabindex="-1">6.1 安装和配置 WSL2 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_6-1-安装和配置-wsl2" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;6.1 安装和配置 WSL2&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="_6-1-1-概述" tabindex="-1">6.1.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_6-1-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;6.1.1 概述&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>WSL2，全称为 Windows Subsystem for Linux 2，是微软提供的一种技术，允许用户在 Windows 操作系统上运行 Linux 内核。WSL2 是 WSL1 的升级版，它引入了一个真正的 Linux 内核来代替 WSL1 中使用的兼容层，从而提供更高的性能和更广泛的系统调用支持。</li><li>和传统的虚拟化技术的对比，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/115.DmiFIqcy.svg" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>WSL2 的功能，如下所示：</p><ul><li>① <strong>真实的 Linux 内核</strong>：WSL2 使用了微软开发的轻量级虚拟机，它包含了一个完整的 Linux 内核。这意味着 WSL2 能够运行更多的 Linux 应用程序，并且支持更多的系统调用。</li><li>② <strong>文件系统性能提升</strong>：WSL2 的文件系统性能比 WSL1 有显著提升。对于 I/O 密集型的操作，如：编译代码或数据库操作，WSL2 能够提供更快的速度。</li><li>③ <strong>兼容性增强</strong>：由于使用了真实的 Linux 内核，WSL2 对 Linux 应用程序的兼容性大幅提高。许多在 WSL1 上不能运行或需要调整的应用程序，可以在 WSL2 上直接运行。</li><li>④ <strong>网络功能改进</strong>：WSL2 提供了更好的网络集成，能够更容易地与 Windows 上的其他网络资源进行交互。</li><li>⑤ <strong>资源使用优化</strong>：WSL2 使用轻量级虚拟机，比传统的虚拟机占用更少的资源，同时提供了类似的隔离和安全性。</li></ul></div><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>WSL2 的用途，如下所示：</p><ul><li>① <strong>开发环境</strong>：WSL2 为开发者提供了一个原生的 Linux 开发环境，而无需离开 Windows 。这对于需要在 Linux 上开发、测试或运行应用程序的开发者非常有帮助。</li><li>② <strong>学习和实验</strong>：用户可以使用 WSL2 在 Windows 上学习和实验 Linux 命令行工具和应用程序，而无需设置双重引导系统或安装虚拟机。</li><li>③ <strong>多平台开发</strong>：对于跨平台开发者来说，WSL2 允许他们在一个操作系统上同时进行 Windows 和 Linux 平台的开发和测试，提高工作效率。</li><li>④ <strong>运行 Linux 工具和应用程序</strong>：WSL2 支持在 Windows 上直接运行各种 Linux 工具和应用程序，如：Docker、数据库、编程语言环境等。</li></ul></div><h3 id="_6-1-2-wsl2-的安装" tabindex="-1">6.1.2 WSL2 的安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_6-1-2-wsl2-的安装" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;6.1.2 WSL2 的安装&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>① BIOS 或 UEFI 中，开启虚拟化：步骤略。</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/116.BasYWvkM.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>② 查看是否开启了虚拟化：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/117.CjFxJpBr.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>③ 启用适用于 Linux 的 Windows 子系统：</li></ul><div class="language-powershell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">powershell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">dism.exe</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> /</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">online </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">/</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">enable-feature</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> /</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">featurename:Microsoft</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">-</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">Windows</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">-</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">Subsystem</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">-</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">Linux </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">/</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">all </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">/</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">norestart</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><p>以管理员身份打开 PowerShell 并运行，执行完上述命令之后，如果提示需要重启计算机，那就重启计算机。</p></div><p><img src="/c/assets/118.Dm5Jspvp.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>④ 启用虚拟机功能：</li></ul><div class="language-powershell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">powershell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">dism.exe</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> /</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">online </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">/</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">enable-feature</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> /</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">featurename:VirtualMachinePlatform </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">/</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">all </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">/</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">norestart</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><p>以管理员身份打开 PowerShell 并运行，执行完上述命令之后，如果提示需要重启计算机，那就重启计算机。</p></div><p><img src="/c/assets/119.1krCh8cy.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑤ 更新 Linux 内核包：</li></ul><div class="language-powershell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">powershell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">wsl </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">--</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">update</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>wsl2 的最新 Linux 内核包托管在 GitHub 上，某些国家可能会污染 Github 相关的域名，那么就需要手动下载，然后安装即可，下载地址在<a href="https://wslstorestorage.blob.core.windows.net/wslblob/wsl_update_x64.msi" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">这里</a>。</p></div><p><img src="/c/assets/120.DOSyahv7.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑥ 将 wsl2 设置为默认版本：</li></ul><div class="language-powershell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">powershell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">wsl </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">--</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">set-default</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">-</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">version </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">2</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/121.BHEvX_FI.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑦ 查看官方在线支持的 Linux 版本：</li></ul><div class="language-powershell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">powershell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">wsl </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">--</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">list </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">--</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">online</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/122.DFA0g1_d.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑧ 安装指定版本的 Linux ：</li></ul><div class="language-powershell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">powershell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">wsl </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">--</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">install Ubuntu</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">-</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">24.04</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>官方支持的 Linux 版本，托管在 Github 上，某些国家可能会污染 Github 的域名；此时，要么走科学上网，要么在 <code>Microsoft Store</code> 中搜索并安装。</p></div><p><img src="/c/assets/123.D50nO5eA.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑨ 在 Microsoft Store 中搜索并安装（可选）：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/124.cAvG1Qfq.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑩ 查询本地安装的 Linux 版本：</li></ul><div class="language-powershell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">powershell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">wsl </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">--</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">list</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/125.DpakQFWz.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_6-1-3-配置-wsl2" tabindex="-1">6.1.3 配置 WSL2 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_6-1-3-配置-wsl2" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;6.1.3 配置 WSL2&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>本人的安装的是 AlmaLinux9 ，所以需要执行如下命令，以便安装 cmake 相关工具链：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> dnf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> update</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 更新包管理器 </span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;filename&quot;</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><h1 id="第六章-clion-高级配置-⭐" tabindex="-1">第六章：CLion 高级配置（⭐） <a class="header-anchor" href="#第六章-clion-高级配置-⭐" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;第六章：CLion 高级配置（⭐）&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="_6-1-安装和配置-wsl2" tabindex="-1">6.1 安装和配置 WSL2 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_6-1-安装和配置-wsl2" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;6.1 安装和配置 WSL2&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="_6-1-1-概述" tabindex="-1">6.1.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_6-1-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;6.1.1 概述&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>WSL2，全称为 Windows Subsystem for Linux 2，是微软提供的一种技术，允许用户在 Windows 操作系统上运行 Linux 内核。WSL2 是 WSL1 的升级版，它引入了一个真正的 Linux 内核来代替 WSL1 中使用的兼容层，从而提供更高的性能和更广泛的系统调用支持。</li><li>和传统的虚拟化技术的对比，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/116.DmiFIqcy.svg" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>WSL2 的功能，如下所示：</p><ul><li>① <strong>真实的 Linux 内核</strong>：WSL2 使用了微软开发的轻量级虚拟机，它包含了一个完整的 Linux 内核。这意味着 WSL2 能够运行更多的 Linux 应用程序，并且支持更多的系统调用。</li><li>② <strong>文件系统性能提升</strong>：WSL2 的文件系统性能比 WSL1 有显著提升。对于 I/O 密集型的操作，如：编译代码或数据库操作，WSL2 能够提供更快的速度。</li><li>③ <strong>兼容性增强</strong>：由于使用了真实的 Linux 内核，WSL2 对 Linux 应用程序的兼容性大幅提高。许多在 WSL1 上不能运行或需要调整的应用程序，可以在 WSL2 上直接运行。</li><li>④ <strong>网络功能改进</strong>：WSL2 提供了更好的网络集成，能够更容易地与 Windows 上的其他网络资源进行交互。</li><li>⑤ <strong>资源使用优化</strong>：WSL2 使用轻量级虚拟机，比传统的虚拟机占用更少的资源，同时提供了类似的隔离和安全性。</li></ul></div><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>WSL2 的用途，如下所示：</p><ul><li>① <strong>开发环境</strong>：WSL2 为开发者提供了一个原生的 Linux 开发环境，而无需离开 Windows 。这对于需要在 Linux 上开发、测试或运行应用程序的开发者非常有帮助。</li><li>② <strong>学习和实验</strong>：用户可以使用 WSL2 在 Windows 上学习和实验 Linux 命令行工具和应用程序，而无需设置双重引导系统或安装虚拟机。</li><li>③ <strong>多平台开发</strong>：对于跨平台开发者来说，WSL2 允许他们在一个操作系统上同时进行 Windows 和 Linux 平台的开发和测试，提高工作效率。</li><li>④ <strong>运行 Linux 工具和应用程序</strong>：WSL2 支持在 Windows 上直接运行各种 Linux 工具和应用程序，如：Docker、数据库、编程语言环境等。</li></ul></div><h3 id="_6-1-2-wsl2-的安装" tabindex="-1">6.1.2 WSL2 的安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_6-1-2-wsl2-的安装" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;6.1.2 WSL2 的安装&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>① BIOS 或 UEFI 中，开启虚拟化：步骤略。</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/117.BasYWvkM.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>② 查看是否开启了虚拟化：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/118.CjFxJpBr.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>③ 启用适用于 Linux 的 Windows 子系统：</li></ul><div class="language-powershell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">powershell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">dism.exe</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> /</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">online </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">/</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">enable-feature</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> /</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">featurename:Microsoft</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">-</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">Windows</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">-</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">Subsystem</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">-</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">Linux </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">/</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">all </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">/</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">norestart</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><p>以管理员身份打开 PowerShell 并运行，执行完上述命令之后，如果提示需要重启计算机，那就重启计算机。</p></div><p><img src="/c/assets/119.Dm5Jspvp.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>④ 启用虚拟机功能：</li></ul><div class="language-powershell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">powershell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">dism.exe</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> /</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">online </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">/</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">enable-feature</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> /</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">featurename:VirtualMachinePlatform </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">/</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">all </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">/</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">norestart</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><p>以管理员身份打开 PowerShell 并运行，执行完上述命令之后，如果提示需要重启计算机，那就重启计算机。</p></div><p><img src="/c/assets/120.1krCh8cy.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑤ 更新 Linux 内核包：</li></ul><div class="language-powershell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">powershell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">wsl </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">--</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">update</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>wsl2 的最新 Linux 内核包托管在 GitHub 上，某些国家可能会污染 Github 相关的域名，那么就需要手动下载，然后安装即可，下载地址在<a href="https://wslstorestorage.blob.core.windows.net/wslblob/wsl_update_x64.msi" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">这里</a>。</p></div><p><img src="/c/assets/121.DOSyahv7.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑥ 将 wsl2 设置为默认版本：</li></ul><div class="language-powershell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">powershell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">wsl </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">--</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">set-default</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">-</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">version </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">2</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/122.BHEvX_FI.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑦ 查看官方在线支持的 Linux 版本：</li></ul><div class="language-powershell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">powershell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">wsl </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">--</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">list </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">--</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">online</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/123.DFA0g1_d.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑧ 安装指定版本的 Linux ：</li></ul><div class="language-powershell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">powershell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">wsl </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">--</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">install Ubuntu</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">-</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">24.04</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>官方支持的 Linux 版本，托管在 Github 上，某些国家可能会污染 Github 的域名；此时，要么走科学上网，要么在 <code>Microsoft Store</code> 中搜索并安装。</p></div><p><img src="/c/assets/124.D50nO5eA.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑨ 在 Microsoft Store 中搜索并安装（可选）：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/125.cAvG1Qfq.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑩ 查询本地安装的 Linux 版本：</li></ul><div class="language-powershell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">powershell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">wsl </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">--</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">list</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/126.DpakQFWz.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_6-1-3-配置-wsl2" tabindex="-1">6.1.3 配置 WSL2 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_6-1-3-配置-wsl2" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;6.1.3 配置 WSL2&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>本人的安装的是 AlmaLinux9 ，所以需要执行如下命令，以便安装 cmake 相关工具链：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> dnf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> update</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 更新包管理器 </span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> dnf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> groupinstall</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;Development Tools&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 安装开发工具包</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> dnf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> gcc-c++</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 安装GCC相关工具链</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> dnf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> cmake</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 安装 cmake</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> dnf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> make</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 安装 make</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> dnf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> gdb</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 安装 gdb</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/126.Bg61j9QI.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>可以通过 CLion 测试是否安装成功：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/127.DPvD9UCw.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_6-1-4-配置-wsl2" tabindex="-1">6.1.4 配置 WSL2 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_6-1-4-配置-wsl2" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;6.1.4 配置 WSL2&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>本人的安装的是 Ubuntu 24.04，所以需要执行如下命令，以便安装 cmake 相关工具链：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> update</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> upgrade</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 更新包管理器</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> dnf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> gdb</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 安装 gdb</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/127.Bg61j9QI.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>可以通过 CLion 测试是否安装成功：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/128.DPvD9UCw.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_6-1-4-配置-wsl2" tabindex="-1">6.1.4 配置 WSL2 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_6-1-4-配置-wsl2" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;6.1.4 配置 WSL2&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>本人的安装的是 Ubuntu 24.04，所以需要执行如下命令，以便安装 cmake 相关工具链：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> update</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> upgrade</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 更新包管理器</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> build-essential</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 安装开发工具包</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> g++</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 安装 GCC 相关工具链</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> cmake</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 安装 cmake</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> gdb</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 安装 gdb</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/128.Ceu65U_n.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>可以通过 CLion 测试是否安装成功：</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>默认仓库中的 GDB 的版本会很高，CLion 会不支持，那么就需要手动下载源码，自行编译，本次不再演示！！！</p></div><p><img src="/c/assets/129.BWPFRK_8.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_6-2-切换-clion-中的-cmake-的工具链" tabindex="-1">6.2 切换 CLion 中的 cmake 的工具链 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_6-2-切换-clion-中的-cmake-的工具链" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;6.2 切换 CLion 中的 cmake 的工具链&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>可以在 CLoin 中切换 cmake 的工具链，以便支持不同平台的 cmake ，即：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/130.Ct4TfxPf.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_6-3-修改-cmakelists-txt-文件" tabindex="-1">6.3 修改 CMakeLists.txt 文件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_6-3-修改-cmakelists-txt-文件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;6.3 修改 CMakeLists.txt 文件&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>前文也提到了，在一个 C 语言项目中，只能有一个 main() 函数；但是，我们可以修改 <code>CMakeLists.txt</code> 文件的内容，以便其支持在一个 C 语言项目中，可以有多个包含 main() 函数的文件，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/131.zsKtx_jV.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li><code>CMakeLists.txt</code> 的内容，如下所示：</li></ul><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span>cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.10)</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> gdb</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 安装 gdb</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/129.Ceu65U_n.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>可以通过 CLion 测试是否安装成功：</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>默认仓库中的 GDB 的版本会很高，CLion 会不支持，那么就需要手动下载源码，自行编译，本次不再演示！！！</p></div><p><img src="/c/assets/130.BWPFRK_8.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_6-2-切换-clion-中的-cmake-的工具链" tabindex="-1">6.2 切换 CLion 中的 cmake 的工具链 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_6-2-切换-clion-中的-cmake-的工具链" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;6.2 切换 CLion 中的 cmake 的工具链&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>可以在 CLoin 中切换 cmake 的工具链，以便支持不同平台的 cmake ，即：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/131.Ct4TfxPf.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_6-3-修改-cmakelists-txt-文件" tabindex="-1">6.3 修改 CMakeLists.txt 文件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_6-3-修改-cmakelists-txt-文件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;6.3 修改 CMakeLists.txt 文件&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>前文也提到了，在一个 C 语言项目中，只能有一个 main() 函数；但是，我们可以修改 <code>CMakeLists.txt</code> 文件的内容，以便其支持在一个 C 语言项目中，可以有多个包含 main() 函数的文件，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/132.zsKtx_jV.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li><code>CMakeLists.txt</code> 的内容，如下所示：</li></ul><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span>cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.10)</span></span>
<span class="line"><span></span></span>
<span class="line"><span># 项目名称和版本号</span></span>
<span class="line"><span>project(c-study VERSION 1.0 LANGUAGES C)</span></span>
@ -174,7 +174,7 @@
<span class="line"><span> target_sources(${EXECUTABLE_NAME} PRIVATE ${MODULE_SOURCES})</span></span>
<span class="line"><span> endif ()</span></span>
<span class="line"><span> endif ()</span></span>
<span class="line"><span>endforeach ()</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br></div></div><h2 id="_6-4-配置-clang-format-文件" tabindex="-1">6.4 配置 .clang-format 文件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_6-4-配置-clang-format-文件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;6.4 配置 .clang-format 文件&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>配置 <code>.clang-format</code> 格式化文件，以便写代码的时候，可以自动保存并格式化 C 程序代码，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/132.3oqDAW0w.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li><code>.clang-format</code> 的内容，如下所示：</li></ul><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span>BasedOnStyle: Google</span></span>
<span class="line"><span>endforeach ()</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br></div></div><h2 id="_6-4-配置-clang-format-文件" tabindex="-1">6.4 配置 .clang-format 文件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_6-4-配置-clang-format-文件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;6.4 配置 .clang-format 文件&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>配置 <code>.clang-format</code> 格式化文件，以便写代码的时候，可以自动保存并格式化 C 程序代码，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/133.3oqDAW0w.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li><code>.clang-format</code> 的内容，如下所示：</li></ul><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span>BasedOnStyle: Google</span></span>
<span class="line"><span>IndentWidth: 4</span></span>
<span class="line"><span>UseTab: Never</span></span>
<span class="line"><span>ColumnLimit: 0</span></span>
@ -206,10 +206,10 @@
<span class="line"><span>SpacesInParentheses: false</span></span>
<span class="line"><span>SpacesInAngles: false</span></span>
<span class="line"><span>SpacesInContainerLiterals: false</span></span>
<span class="line"><span>SpacesInCStyleCastParentheses: false</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br></div></div><ul><li>CLion 中配置<code>保存</code>的时候<code>自动格式化</code>，即：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/133.D9TSeAa9.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_6-5-配置-gitignore-文件" tabindex="-1">6.5 配置 .gitignore 文件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_6-5-配置-gitignore-文件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;6.5 配置 .gitignore 文件&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>需要在项目中，配置 <code>.gitignore</code> 文件，以便在提交代码到 Git 仓库的时候，忽略某些文件或目录，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/134.CCRgYIVq.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li><code>.gitignore</code> 文件的内容，如下所示：</li></ul><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span>.vscode</span></span>
<span class="line"><span>SpacesInCStyleCastParentheses: false</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br></div></div><ul><li>CLion 中配置<code>保存</code>的时候<code>自动格式化</code>，即：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/134.D9TSeAa9.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_6-5-配置-gitignore-文件" tabindex="-1">6.5 配置 .gitignore 文件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_6-5-配置-gitignore-文件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;6.5 配置 .gitignore 文件&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>需要在项目中，配置 <code>.gitignore</code> 文件，以便在提交代码到 Git 仓库的时候，忽略某些文件或目录，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/135.CCRgYIVq.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li><code>.gitignore</code> 文件的内容，如下所示：</li></ul><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span>.vscode</span></span>
<span class="line"><span>.idea</span></span>
<span class="line"><span>cmake-build-*</span></span>
<span class="line"><span>build</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><h2 id="_6-6-演示" tabindex="-1">6.6 演示 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_6-6-演示" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;6.6 演示&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>我们可以在项目中，临时创建或复制一个文件，看上述配置是否生效，即：</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>如果是复制并粘贴一个文件到项目中，请点击<code>重新加载 CMake 项目</code>！！！</p></div><p><img src="/c/assets/135.C1t2T6FV.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h1 id="第七章-c-语言的编译过程-⭐" tabindex="-1">第七章：C 语言的编译过程（⭐） <a class="header-anchor" href="#第七章-c-语言的编译过程-⭐" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;第七章：C 语言的编译过程（⭐）&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="_7-1-概述" tabindex="-1">7.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_7-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;7.1 概述&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>C 程序的编译过程，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/136.Rqa4uHq6.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>过程 ① ：编写（编辑）源代码，即：编写 C 语言源程序代码，并以文件的形式存储在磁盘中。</li></ul><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><p>源程序需要以 <code>.c</code> 作为扩展名。</p></div><ul><li>过程 ② ：编译，即：将 C 语言源程序转换为<code>目标程序（或目标文件）</code>。如果程序没有错误，没有任何提示，就会生成一个扩展名为 <code>.obj</code>或 <code>.o</code> 的二进制文件。C 语言中的每条可执行语句经过编译之后，最终都会转换为二进制的机器指令。</li></ul><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><ul><li><p>① 其实，<code>编译阶段</code>包含了<code>预处理</code>、<code>编译</code>和<code>汇编</code>。</p></li><li><p>② <code>预处理</code>是编译过程的第一个阶段。在这个阶段，预处理器处理源代码中的指令（例如：<code>#include</code>、<code>#define</code>等），主要任务包括：</p><ul><li><p>头文件包含：将头文件的内容插入到源文件中。例如：<code>#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;</code>会被替换为<code>stdio.h</code>文件的内容。</p></li><li><p>宏展开：替换宏定义。例如：<code>#define PI 3.14</code>会将代码中的<code>PI</code>替换为<code>3.14</code>。</p></li><li><p>条件编译：根据条件指令（如：<code>#ifdef</code>、<code>#ifndef</code>）有选择地编译代码。</p></li><li><p>删除代码中的注释，但是不会进行语法检查。</p></li><li><p>预处理完成后，生成一个扩展名为<code>.i</code>的中间文件。</p></li></ul></li><li><p>③ <code>编译</code>是将预处理后的源代码转换为汇编代码的过程。在这个阶段，编译器会检查代码的语法和语义，将其转换为目标机器的汇编语言，生成一个扩展名为<code>.s</code>的汇编文件。</p></li><li><p>④ <code>汇编</code>是将汇编代码转换为机器代码（也称为目标代码或目标文件）的过程。在这个阶段，汇编器将汇编指令转换为二进制机器指令，生成一个扩展名为<code>.o</code>或 <code>.obj</code>的目标文件。</p></li></ul></div><ul><li>过程 ③ ：链接（连接），即：将编译形成的目标文件 <code>*.obj</code> 或 <code>*.o</code>和库函数以及其他目录文件<code>链接</code>，形成一个统一的二进制文件 <code>*.exe</code>。</li></ul><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><ul><li>为什么需要链接库文件？</li><li>因为我们的 C 程序会使用 C 程序库中的内容，如：<code>&lt;stdio.h&gt;</code> 中的 <code>printf()</code> 函数，这些函数不是程序员自己写的，而是 C 程序库中提供的，因此需要链接。其实，在链接过程中，还会加入启动代码，这个启动代码（和系统相关，Linux 下主要有 crt0.c、crti.c 等，它们设置堆栈后，再调用 main() 函数）负责初始化程序运行时的环境。</li></ul></div><ul><li>过程 ④ ：执行，即：有了可执行的 <code>*.exe</code>文件，我们就可以在控制台上执行运行此 <code>*.exe</code> 文件。</li></ul><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><p>如果<code>修改</code>了源代码，还需要重新<code>编译</code>、<code>链接</code>，并生成新的 <code>*.exe</code>文件，再执行，方能生效。</p></div><h2 id="_7-2-gcc-编译器的介绍" tabindex="-1">7.2 GCC 编译器的介绍 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_7-2-gcc-编译器的介绍" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;7.2 GCC 编译器的介绍&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>编辑器，如：vim 、vscode 等，是指我们用它来编写源程序的（编辑代码），而我们写的代码语句，电脑是不懂的，我们需要把它转成电脑能懂的语句，编译器就是这样的转化工具。换言之，我们用编辑器编写程序，由编译器编译后才可以运行！</li><li>编译器是将易于编写、阅读和维护的高级计算机语言翻译为计算机能解读、运行的低级机器语言的程序。</li><li>gcc（GNU Compiler Collection，GNU 编译器套件），是由 GNU 开发的编程语言编译器。gcc 原本作为 GNU 操作系统的官方编译器，现已被大多数类 Unix 操作系统（如：Linux、BSD、Mac OS X 等）采纳为标准的编译器，gcc 同样适用于微软的 Windows 。</li><li>gcc 最初用于编译 C 语言，随着项目的发展， gcc 已经成为了能够编译 C、C++、Java、Ada、fortran、Object C、Object C++、Go 语言的编译器大家族。</li></ul><h2 id="_7-3-通过-gcc-直接生成可执行文件" tabindex="-1">7.3 通过 gcc 直接生成可执行文件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_7-3-通过-gcc-直接生成可执行文件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;7.3 通过 gcc 直接生成可执行文件&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>示例：进行预处理、编译、汇编和链接</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.c</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.exe</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/137.6yQYnjOa.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_7-4-通过-gcc-分步编译" tabindex="-1">7.4 通过 gcc 分步编译 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_7-4-通过-gcc-分步编译" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;7.4 通过 gcc 分步编译&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="_7-3-1-概述" tabindex="-1">7.3.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_7-3-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;7.3.1 概述&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>预处理命令：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -E</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 源文件.c</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 源文件.i</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 通常以 .i 结尾表示这个文件是一个中间状态</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><ul><li>编译（预处理和编译）命令：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -S</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 源文件.i</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 源文件.s</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 在 Linux 中，通常以 .s 结尾；在 Windows 中，通常以 .asm 结尾</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><ul><li>汇编（预处理、编译和汇编）命令：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -c</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 源文件.s</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 源文件.o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 在 Linux 中，通常以 .o 结尾；在 Windows 中，通常以 .obj 结尾</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><ul><li>链接（预处理、编译、汇编和链接）命令：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 源文件.o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 源文件.exe</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 在 Linux 中，通常以 .out 结尾；在 Windows 中，通常以 .exe 结尾</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><h3 id="_7-4-2-应用示例" tabindex="-1">7.4.2 应用示例 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_7-4-2-应用示例" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;7.4.2 应用示例&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>示例：只进行预处理</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -E</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.c</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.i</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/138.hYR9GiiD.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>示例：只进行预处理和编译</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -S</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.i</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.s</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/139.D3b-QIrA.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>示例：只进行预处理、编译和汇编</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -c</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.s</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.o</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/140.DGbA6qsW.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>示例：进行预处理、编译、汇编和链接</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.exe</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/141.BToOkxf2.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h1 id="第八章-附录" tabindex="-1">第八章：附录 <a class="header-anchor" href="#第八章-附录" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;第八章：附录&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="_8-1-wsl2-代理问题" tabindex="-1">8.1 WSL2 代理问题 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-1-wsl2-代理问题" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;8.1 WSL2 代理问题&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>在安装和配置 WSL2 之后，可能会出现如下的提示，即：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/142.C3wekjfY.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>那么，只需要修改 <code>%USERPROFILE%\.wslconfig</code>文件，内容如下：</li></ul><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span>[wsl2]</span></span>
<span class="line"><span>build</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><h2 id="_6-6-演示" tabindex="-1">6.6 演示 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_6-6-演示" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;6.6 演示&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>我们可以在项目中，临时创建或复制一个文件，看上述配置是否生效，即：</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>如果是复制并粘贴一个文件到项目中，请点击<code>重新加载 CMake 项目</code>！！！</p></div><p><img src="/c/assets/136.C1t2T6FV.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h1 id="第七章-c-语言的编译过程-⭐" tabindex="-1">第七章：C 语言的编译过程（⭐） <a class="header-anchor" href="#第七章-c-语言的编译过程-⭐" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;第七章：C 语言的编译过程（⭐）&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="_7-1-概述" tabindex="-1">7.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_7-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;7.1 概述&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>C 程序的编译过程，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/137.Rqa4uHq6.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>过程 ① ：编写（编辑）源代码，即：编写 C 语言源程序代码，并以文件的形式存储在磁盘中。</li></ul><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><p>源程序需要以 <code>.c</code> 作为扩展名。</p></div><ul><li>过程 ② ：编译，即：将 C 语言源程序转换为<code>目标程序（或目标文件）</code>。如果程序没有错误，没有任何提示，就会生成一个扩展名为 <code>.obj</code>或 <code>.o</code> 的二进制文件。C 语言中的每条可执行语句经过编译之后，最终都会转换为二进制的机器指令。</li></ul><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><ul><li><p>① 其实，<code>编译阶段</code>包含了<code>预处理</code>、<code>编译</code>和<code>汇编</code>。</p></li><li><p>② <code>预处理</code>是编译过程的第一个阶段。在这个阶段，预处理器处理源代码中的指令（例如：<code>#include</code>、<code>#define</code>等），主要任务包括：</p><ul><li><p>头文件包含：将头文件的内容插入到源文件中。例如：<code>#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;</code>会被替换为<code>stdio.h</code>文件的内容。</p></li><li><p>宏展开：替换宏定义。例如：<code>#define PI 3.14</code>会将代码中的<code>PI</code>替换为<code>3.14</code>。</p></li><li><p>条件编译：根据条件指令（如：<code>#ifdef</code>、<code>#ifndef</code>）有选择地编译代码。</p></li><li><p>删除代码中的注释，但是不会进行语法检查。</p></li><li><p>预处理完成后，生成一个扩展名为<code>.i</code>的中间文件。</p></li></ul></li><li><p>③ <code>编译</code>是将预处理后的源代码转换为汇编代码的过程。在这个阶段，编译器会检查代码的语法和语义，将其转换为目标机器的汇编语言，生成一个扩展名为<code>.s</code>的汇编文件。</p></li><li><p>④ <code>汇编</code>是将汇编代码转换为机器代码（也称为目标代码或目标文件）的过程。在这个阶段，汇编器将汇编指令转换为二进制机器指令，生成一个扩展名为<code>.o</code>或 <code>.obj</code>的目标文件。</p></li></ul></div><ul><li>过程 ③ ：链接（连接），即：将编译形成的目标文件 <code>*.obj</code> 或 <code>*.o</code>和库函数以及其他目录文件<code>链接</code>，形成一个统一的二进制文件 <code>*.exe</code>。</li></ul><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><ul><li>为什么需要链接库文件？</li><li>因为我们的 C 程序会使用 C 程序库中的内容，如：<code>&lt;stdio.h&gt;</code> 中的 <code>printf()</code> 函数，这些函数不是程序员自己写的，而是 C 程序库中提供的，因此需要链接。其实，在链接过程中，还会加入启动代码，这个启动代码（和系统相关，Linux 下主要有 crt0.c、crti.c 等，它们设置堆栈后，再调用 main() 函数）负责初始化程序运行时的环境。</li></ul></div><ul><li>过程 ④ ：执行，即：有了可执行的 <code>*.exe</code>文件，我们就可以在控制台上执行运行此 <code>*.exe</code> 文件。</li></ul><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><p>如果<code>修改</code>了源代码，还需要重新<code>编译</code>、<code>链接</code>，并生成新的 <code>*.exe</code>文件，再执行，方能生效。</p></div><h2 id="_7-2-gcc-编译器的介绍" tabindex="-1">7.2 GCC 编译器的介绍 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_7-2-gcc-编译器的介绍" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;7.2 GCC 编译器的介绍&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>编辑器，如：vim 、vscode 等，是指我们用它来编写源程序的（编辑代码），而我们写的代码语句，电脑是不懂的，我们需要把它转成电脑能懂的语句，编译器就是这样的转化工具。换言之，我们用编辑器编写程序，由编译器编译后才可以运行！</li><li>编译器是将易于编写、阅读和维护的高级计算机语言翻译为计算机能解读、运行的低级机器语言的程序。</li><li>gcc（GNU Compiler Collection，GNU 编译器套件），是由 GNU 开发的编程语言编译器。gcc 原本作为 GNU 操作系统的官方编译器，现已被大多数类 Unix 操作系统（如：Linux、BSD、Mac OS X 等）采纳为标准的编译器，gcc 同样适用于微软的 Windows 。</li><li>gcc 最初用于编译 C 语言，随着项目的发展， gcc 已经成为了能够编译 C、C++、Java、Ada、fortran、Object C、Object C++、Go 语言的编译器大家族。</li></ul><h2 id="_7-3-通过-gcc-直接生成可执行文件" tabindex="-1">7.3 通过 gcc 直接生成可执行文件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_7-3-通过-gcc-直接生成可执行文件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;7.3 通过 gcc 直接生成可执行文件&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>示例：进行预处理、编译、汇编和链接</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.c</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.exe</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/138.6yQYnjOa.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_7-4-通过-gcc-分步编译" tabindex="-1">7.4 通过 gcc 分步编译 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_7-4-通过-gcc-分步编译" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;7.4 通过 gcc 分步编译&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="_7-3-1-概述" tabindex="-1">7.3.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_7-3-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;7.3.1 概述&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>预处理命令：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -E</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 源文件.c</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 源文件.i</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 通常以 .i 结尾表示这个文件是一个中间状态</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><ul><li>编译（预处理和编译）命令：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -S</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 源文件.i</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 源文件.s</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 在 Linux 中，通常以 .s 结尾；在 Windows 中，通常以 .asm 结尾</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><ul><li>汇编（预处理、编译和汇编）命令：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -c</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 源文件.s</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 源文件.o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 在 Linux 中，通常以 .o 结尾；在 Windows 中，通常以 .obj 结尾</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><ul><li>链接（预处理、编译、汇编和链接）命令：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 源文件.o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 源文件.exe</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 在 Linux 中，通常以 .out 结尾；在 Windows 中，通常以 .exe 结尾</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><h3 id="_7-4-2-应用示例" tabindex="-1">7.4.2 应用示例 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_7-4-2-应用示例" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;7.4.2 应用示例&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>示例：只进行预处理</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -E</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.c</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.i</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/139.hYR9GiiD.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>示例：只进行预处理和编译</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -S</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.i</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.s</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/140.D3b-QIrA.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>示例：只进行预处理、编译和汇编</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -c</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.s</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.o</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/141.DGbA6qsW.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>示例：进行预处理、编译、汇编和链接</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.exe</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/142.BToOkxf2.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h1 id="第八章-附录" tabindex="-1">第八章：附录 <a class="header-anchor" href="#第八章-附录" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;第八章：附录&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="_8-1-wsl2-代理问题" tabindex="-1">8.1 WSL2 代理问题 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-1-wsl2-代理问题" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;8.1 WSL2 代理问题&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>在安装和配置 WSL2 之后，可能会出现如下的提示，即：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/143.C3wekjfY.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>那么，只需要修改 <code>%USERPROFILE%\.wslconfig</code>文件，内容如下：</li></ul><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span>[wsl2]</span></span>
<span class="line"><span>networkingMode=mirrored</span></span>
<span class="line"><span>dnsTunneling=true</span></span>
<span class="line"><span>firewall=true</span></span>
@ -218,7 +218,7 @@
<span class="line"><span>[experimental]</span></span>
<span class="line"><span># requires dnsTunneling but are also OPTIONAL</span></span>
<span class="line"><span>bestEffortDnsParsing=true</span></span>
<span class="line"><span>useWindowsDnsCache=true</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/143.CKuuzuQ_.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>在命令行中，执行如下的命令：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">wsl</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --shutdown</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/144.B4r6Nv14.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>此时，再打开终端，就没有这种提示了：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/145.CvbhuZNK.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_8-2-clion-调试问题" tabindex="-1">8.2 CLion 调试问题 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-2-clion-调试问题" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;8.2 CLion 调试问题&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>在 CLion 中进行 run（运行）程序的时候，对于 <code>printf</code> 函数或 <code>scanf</code> 函数很正常，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/146.BPgYm4ZX.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>但是，当我们 debug（调试） 的时候，对于 <code>printf</code> 函数或 <code>scanf</code> 函数会一直没有输出，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/147.DH2fri13.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>原因是 <code>scanf</code> 函数并不是直接让用户从键盘输入数据，而是先检查缓冲区，处理缓冲区中的数据；当遇到 <code>scanf</code> 函数时，程序会先检查输入缓冲区中是否有数据，所以解决方案就是<code>禁用缓冲区</code>，如下所示：</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &lt;stdio.h&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span>useWindowsDnsCache=true</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/144.CKuuzuQ_.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>在命令行中，执行如下的命令：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">wsl</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --shutdown</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/145.B4r6Nv14.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>此时，再打开终端，就没有这种提示了：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/146.CvbhuZNK.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_8-2-clion-调试问题" tabindex="-1">8.2 CLion 调试问题 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-2-clion-调试问题" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;8.2 CLion 调试问题&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>在 CLion 中进行 run（运行）程序的时候，对于 <code>printf</code> 函数或 <code>scanf</code> 函数很正常，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/147.BPgYm4ZX.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>但是，当我们 debug（调试） 的时候，对于 <code>printf</code> 函数或 <code>scanf</code> 函数会一直没有输出，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/148.DH2fri13.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>原因是 <code>scanf</code> 函数并不是直接让用户从键盘输入数据，而是先检查缓冲区，处理缓冲区中的数据；当遇到 <code>scanf</code> 函数时，程序会先检查输入缓冲区中是否有数据，所以解决方案就是<code>禁用缓冲区</code>，如下所示：</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &lt;stdio.h&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> main</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> // 禁用 stdout 缓冲区</span></span>
@ -233,7 +233,7 @@
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> × </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> × </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> = </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, a, b, c, result);</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br></div></div><ul><li>那么，就会达到我们想要的效果了，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/148.CDDIqy03.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_8-3-内存泄露检测" tabindex="-1">8.3 内存泄露检测 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-3-内存泄露检测" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;8.3 内存泄露检测&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="_8-3-1-概述" tabindex="-1">8.3.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-3-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;8.3.1 概述&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>C 语言中的指针是否使用是个颇具争议的话题，现代化的高级编程语言通过各种策略和机制，在编译期就能解决指针危险的问题。但是，遗憾的是，C 语言的指针很大程度上，在运行期才会暴露问题。</li><li>幸运的是，我们可以使用 <code>Valgrind</code> 项目来进行<code>内存泄露检测</code>和<code>性能分析</code>，而 <code>Valgrind</code> 只支持 Linux 。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>win 11 中的 WSL2 就是个 Linux 环境，我们可以在上面跑各种 Linux 工具，这样我们就不需要再安装虚拟机软件了，如：VMware Workstation（它会完整的模拟一个硬件系统，并在上面跑各种 Linux ，实在是太笨重了）。</p></div><h3 id="_8-3-2-安装" tabindex="-1">8.3.2 安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-3-2-安装" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;8.3.2 安装&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>在 WSL2 上安装 Valgrind ：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">dnf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> upgrade</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">dnf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> valgrind</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # AlmaLinux</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> update</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> upgrade</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> valgrind</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # Ubuntu</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/149.DCQsqYYC.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>查看 valgrind 可执行文件的安装位置：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">which</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> valgrind</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/150.CUjMoXNF.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_8-3-3-整合" tabindex="-1">8.3.3 整合 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-3-3-整合" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;8.3.3 整合&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>CLion 中将工具链设置为 WSL2 ：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/151.BWbajkuB.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>CLion 中配置 valgrind 的路径：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/152.C1JnBDr7.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>查看 WSL2 中 cmake 的版本：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">cmake</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --version</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/153.DwN2p3bo.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>修改项目中 CMakeLists.txt 中 cmake 的版本：</li></ul><div class="language- vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang"></span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line highlighted"><span>cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.26.5) # 3.26.5</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br></div></div><ul><li>那么，就会达到我们想要的效果了，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/149.CDDIqy03.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_8-3-内存泄露检测" tabindex="-1">8.3 内存泄露检测 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-3-内存泄露检测" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;8.3 内存泄露检测&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="_8-3-1-概述" tabindex="-1">8.3.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-3-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;8.3.1 概述&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>C 语言中的指针是否使用是个颇具争议的话题，现代化的高级编程语言通过各种策略和机制，在编译期就能解决指针危险的问题。但是，遗憾的是，C 语言的指针很大程度上，在运行期才会暴露问题。</li><li>幸运的是，我们可以使用 <code>Valgrind</code> 项目来进行<code>内存泄露检测</code>和<code>性能分析</code>，而 <code>Valgrind</code> 只支持 Linux 。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>win 11 中的 WSL2 就是个 Linux 环境，我们可以在上面跑各种 Linux 工具，这样我们就不需要再安装虚拟机软件了，如：VMware Workstation（它会完整的模拟一个硬件系统，并在上面跑各种 Linux ，实在是太笨重了）。</p></div><h3 id="_8-3-2-安装" tabindex="-1">8.3.2 安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-3-2-安装" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;8.3.2 安装&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>在 WSL2 上安装 Valgrind ：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">dnf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> upgrade</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">dnf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> valgrind</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # AlmaLinux</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> update</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> upgrade</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> valgrind</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # Ubuntu</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/150.DCQsqYYC.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>查看 valgrind 可执行文件的安装位置：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">which</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> valgrind</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/151.CUjMoXNF.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_8-3-3-整合" tabindex="-1">8.3.3 整合 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-3-3-整合" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;8.3.3 整合&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>CLion 中将工具链设置为 WSL2 ：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/152.BWbajkuB.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>CLion 中配置 valgrind 的路径：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/153.C1JnBDr7.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>查看 WSL2 中 cmake 的版本：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">cmake</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --version</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/154.DwN2p3bo.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>修改项目中 CMakeLists.txt 中 cmake 的版本：</li></ul><div class="language- vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang"></span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line highlighted"><span>cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.26.5) # 3.26.5</span></span>
<span class="line"><span></span></span>
<span class="line"><span># 项目名称和版本号</span></span>
<span class="line"><span>project(c-study VERSION 1.0 LANGUAGES C)</span></span>
@ -296,18 +296,18 @@
<span class="line"><span> target_sources(${EXECUTABLE_NAME} PRIVATE ${MODULE_SOURCES})</span></span>
<span class="line"><span> endif ()</span></span>
<span class="line"><span> endif ()</span></span>
<span class="line"><span>endforeach ()</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br></div></div><ul><li>在 CLion 中正常运行代码：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/154.DdSfz-Pf.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>在 CLion 中通过 valgrind 运行代码：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/155.BMocjVt7.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_8-4-性能分析" tabindex="-1">8.4 性能分析 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-4-性能分析" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;8.4 性能分析&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="_8-4-1-概述" tabindex="-1">8.4.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-4-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;8.4.1 概述&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><code>perf</code> 是一个 Linux 下的性能分析工具，主要用于监控和分析系统性能。它可以帮助开发者和系统管理员了解系统中哪些部分在消耗资源、识别性能瓶颈以及分析程序的运行效率。</li></ul><h3 id="_8-4-2-安装" tabindex="-1">8.4.2 安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-4-2-安装" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;8.4.2 安装&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="_8-4-2-1-almalinux9" tabindex="-1">8.4.2.1 AlmaLinux9 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-4-2-1-almalinux9" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;8.4.2.1 AlmaLinux9&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>在 WSL2 中的 AlmaLinux 安装 perf ：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">dnf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> perf</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/156.BUU-wlaw.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h4 id="_8-4-2-2-ubuntu-22-04" tabindex="-1">8.4.2.2 Ubuntu 22.04 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-4-2-2-ubuntu-22-04" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;8.4.2.2 Ubuntu 22.04&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>在 WSL2 中的 Ubuntu 安装 perf ：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> update</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> \</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> linux-tools-common</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> linux-tools-generic</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> linux-tools-</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">$(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">uname</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -r</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/157.ssadIF0D.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>之所以报错的原因，在于 WSL2 中的 Ubuntu 的内核是定制化的，并非 Ubuntu 的母公司 Canonical 发布的标准内核，所以需要我们手动编译安装。</p></div><ul><li>查看内核版本：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">uname</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -sr</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/158.Dq5lLq9v.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>设置环境变量，方便后续引用：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">export</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> KERNEL_VERSION</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">$(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">uname</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -r</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> |</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> cut</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -d</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&#39;-&#39;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -f1</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/159.CJ0_loZ8.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装依赖库：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> update</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">\</span></span>
<span class="line"><span>endforeach ()</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br></div></div><ul><li>在 CLion 中正常运行代码：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/155.DdSfz-Pf.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>在 CLion 中通过 valgrind 运行代码：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/156.BMocjVt7.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_8-4-性能分析" tabindex="-1">8.4 性能分析 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-4-性能分析" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;8.4 性能分析&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="_8-4-1-概述" tabindex="-1">8.4.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-4-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;8.4.1 概述&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><code>perf</code> 是一个 Linux 下的性能分析工具，主要用于监控和分析系统性能。它可以帮助开发者和系统管理员了解系统中哪些部分在消耗资源、识别性能瓶颈以及分析程序的运行效率。</li></ul><h3 id="_8-4-2-安装" tabindex="-1">8.4.2 安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-4-2-安装" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;8.4.2 安装&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="_8-4-2-1-almalinux9" tabindex="-1">8.4.2.1 AlmaLinux9 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-4-2-1-almalinux9" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;8.4.2.1 AlmaLinux9&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>在 WSL2 中的 AlmaLinux 安装 perf ：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">dnf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> perf</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/157.BUU-wlaw.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h4 id="_8-4-2-2-ubuntu-22-04" tabindex="-1">8.4.2.2 Ubuntu 22.04 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-4-2-2-ubuntu-22-04" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;8.4.2.2 Ubuntu 22.04&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>在 WSL2 中的 Ubuntu 安装 perf ：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> update</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> \</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> linux-tools-common</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> linux-tools-generic</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> linux-tools-</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">$(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">uname</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -r</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/158.ssadIF0D.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>之所以报错的原因，在于 WSL2 中的 Ubuntu 的内核是定制化的，并非 Ubuntu 的母公司 Canonical 发布的标准内核，所以需要我们手动编译安装。</p></div><ul><li>查看内核版本：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">uname</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -sr</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/159.Dq5lLq9v.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>设置环境变量，方便后续引用：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">export</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> KERNEL_VERSION</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">$(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">uname</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -r</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> |</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> cut</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -d</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&#39;-&#39;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -f1</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/160.CJ0_loZ8.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装依赖库：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> update</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">\</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> binutils-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> debuginfod</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> default-jdk</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> default-jre</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libaio-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> \</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libbabeltrace-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libcap-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libdw-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libdwarf-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libelf-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libiberty-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> \</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> liblzma-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libnuma-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libperl-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libpfm4-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libslang2-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libssl-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> \</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libtraceevent-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libunwind-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libzstd-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libzstd1</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> python3-setuptools</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> python3</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> \</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> python3-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> systemtap-sdt-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> zlib1g-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> bc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> dwarves</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> bison</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> flex</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libnewt-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libdwarf++0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> \</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libelf++0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libbfb0-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> python-dev-is-python3</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/160.BPOK9irZ.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>下载源码：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">git</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> clone</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> \</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libelf++0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libbfb0-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> python-dev-is-python3</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/161.BPOK9irZ.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>下载源码：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">git</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> clone</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> \</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --depth</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 1</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> \</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --single-branch</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --branch=linux-msft-wsl-${</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">KERNEL_VERSION</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> \</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> https://github.com/microsoft/WSL2-Linux-Kernel.git</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/161.B1eB55rC.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>编译内核代码：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">cd</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> WSL2-Linux-Kernel</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">make</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -j</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> $(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">nproc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">KCONFIG_CONFIG=Microsoft/config-wsl</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/162.VIcU-hkN.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>编译 perf 工具：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">cd</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> tools/perf</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">make</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> clean</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">make</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/163.BM9viRZJ.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>复制到 PATH 变量所指向的路径中：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">cp</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> perf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> /usr/bin/</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/164.DpMBA1SK.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_8-4-3-整合" tabindex="-1">8.4.3 整合 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-4-3-整合" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;8.4.3 整合&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>CLion 中配置 perf 的路径：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/165.DgXuU6LF.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>在 CLion 中通过 perf 运行代码：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/166.Dnw73s2h.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_8-5-win-中文乱码问题" tabindex="-1">8.5 Win 中文乱码问题 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-5-win-中文乱码问题" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;8.5 Win 中文乱码问题&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>前文，我们提及到，在 Win 中，如果出现<code>中文乱码</code>问题，就需要去<code>语言和区别</code>设置<code>系统区域</code>的编码为 UTF-8 ；但是，这样可能会造成其它的软件出现中文乱码问题，如：Xshell 等。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 之所以，修改系统的编码为 UTF-8 会出现问题，是因为早期的 Win 系统的中文默认编码是 GBK（目前也是，Win 并没有强制第三方软件使用 UTF-8 编码） ，而 Xshell 等也使用的这些编码，一旦我们修改为 UTF-8 之后，可能会造成这些第三方软件出现中文乱码问题（第三方软件适配问题，相信将来应该都会切换为 UTF-8 编码），体验较差！！！</li><li>② 在 Linux 或 MacOS 之所以不会出现中文乱码的问题，是因为这些系统默认的编码就是 UTF-8 。</li></ul></div><ul><li>其实，还有一种解决方案，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/167.SnFXRSaL.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/168.DnoEqOjV.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/169.BJBdn7pw.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>测试一下，是否配置成功：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/170.DXtQWYsM.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_8-6-clion-中自动导入头文件" tabindex="-1">8.6 CLion 中自动导入头文件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-6-clion-中自动导入头文件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;8.6 CLion 中自动导入头文件&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>在 CLion 中，最为强大的功能就是直接输入函数，然后让 IDE 帮我们自动导入头文件，包括自定义的头文件，相当实用。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① CLion 中的<code>自动导入头文件</code>的<code>快捷键</code>是 <code>Alt + Enter</code> 。</li><li>② CLion 中的<code>自动提取变量的类型</code>的<code>快捷键</code>是 <code>Ctrl + Alt + V</code> 。</li></ul></div><p><img src="/c/assets/171.hcERTQkN.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>开启自动导入头文件的步骤，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/172.CioraEUv.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/173.kWHWwnc_.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-39a288b8 data-v-e257564d><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-e257564d><!----><div class="last-updated" data-v-e257564d><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-e257564d data-v-e98dd255>上次更新: <time datetime="2024-08-15T06:20:33.000Z" data-v-e98dd255></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" aria-labelledby="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d>Pager</span><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link prev" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/00_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>上一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>编程基础</span><!--]--></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link next" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/02_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>下一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>变量和进制</span><!--]--></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-5d98c3a5 data-v-e315a0ad><div class="container" data-v-e315a0ad><p class="message" data-v-e315a0ad>Released under the MIT License.</p><p class="copyright" data-v-e315a0ad>Copyright © 2024 许大仙</p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> https://github.com/microsoft/WSL2-Linux-Kernel.git</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/162.B1eB55rC.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>编译内核代码：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">cd</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> WSL2-Linux-Kernel</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">make</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -j</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> $(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">nproc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">KCONFIG_CONFIG=Microsoft/config-wsl</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/163.VIcU-hkN.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>编译 perf 工具：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">cd</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> tools/perf</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">make</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> clean</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">make</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/164.BM9viRZJ.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>复制到 PATH 变量所指向的路径中：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">cp</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> perf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> /usr/bin/</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/165.DpMBA1SK.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_8-4-3-整合" tabindex="-1">8.4.3 整合 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-4-3-整合" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;8.4.3 整合&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>CLion 中配置 perf 的路径：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/166.DgXuU6LF.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>在 CLion 中通过 perf 运行代码：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/167.Dnw73s2h.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_8-5-win-中文乱码问题" tabindex="-1">8.5 Win 中文乱码问题 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-5-win-中文乱码问题" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;8.5 Win 中文乱码问题&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>前文，我们提及到，在 Win 中，如果出现<code>中文乱码</code>问题，就需要去<code>语言和区别</code>设置<code>系统区域</code>的编码为 UTF-8 ；但是，这样可能会造成其它的软件出现中文乱码问题，如：Xshell 等。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 之所以，修改系统的编码为 UTF-8 会出现问题，是因为早期的 Win 系统的中文默认编码是 GBK（目前也是，Win 并没有强制第三方软件使用 UTF-8 编码） ，而 Xshell 等也使用的这些编码，一旦我们修改为 UTF-8 之后，可能会造成这些第三方软件出现中文乱码问题（第三方软件适配问题，相信将来应该都会切换为 UTF-8 编码），体验较差！！！</li><li>② 在 Linux 或 MacOS 之所以不会出现中文乱码的问题，是因为这些系统默认的编码就是 UTF-8 。</li></ul></div><ul><li>其实，还有一种解决方案，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/168.SnFXRSaL.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/169.DnoEqOjV.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/170.BJBdn7pw.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>测试一下，是否配置成功：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/171.DXtQWYsM.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_8-6-clion-中自动导入头文件" tabindex="-1">8.6 CLion 中自动导入头文件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-6-clion-中自动导入头文件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;8.6 CLion 中自动导入头文件&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>在 CLion 中，最为强大的功能就是直接输入函数，然后让 IDE 帮我们自动导入头文件，包括自定义的头文件，相当实用。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① CLion 中的<code>自动导入头文件</code>的<code>快捷键</code>是 <code>Alt + Enter</code> 。</li><li>② CLion 中的<code>自动提取变量的类型</code>的<code>快捷键</code>是 <code>Ctrl + Alt + V</code> 。</li></ul></div><p><img src="/c/assets/172.hcERTQkN.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>开启自动导入头文件的步骤，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/173.CioraEUv.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/174.kWHWwnc_.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-39a288b8 data-v-e257564d><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-e257564d><!----><div class="last-updated" data-v-e257564d><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-e257564d data-v-e98dd255>上次更新: <time datetime="2024-08-22T01:42:48.000Z" data-v-e98dd255></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" aria-labelledby="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d>Pager</span><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link prev" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/00_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>上一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>编程基础</span><!--]--></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link next" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/02_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>下一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>变量和进制</span><!--]--></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-5d98c3a5 data-v-e315a0ad><div class="container" data-v-e315a0ad><p class="message" data-v-e315a0ad>Released under the MIT License.</p><p class="copyright" data-v-e315a0ad>Copyright © 2024 许大仙</p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><h2 id="_3-3-进制的运算规则" tabindex="-1">3.3 进制的运算规则 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-3-进制的运算规则" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.3 进制的运算规则&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="_3-3-1-概述" tabindex="-1">3.3.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-3-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.3.1 概述&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><code>十进制</code>的运算规则，如下所示： <ul><li>逢<code>十</code>进<code>一</code>（针对加法而言）。</li><li>借<code>一</code>当<code>十</code>（针对减法而言）。</li></ul></li><li><code>二进制</code>的运算规则，如下所示： <ul><li>逢<code>二</code>进<code>一</code>（针对加法而言）。</li><li>借<code>一</code>当<code>二</code>（针对减法而言）。</li></ul></li><li><code>八进制</code>的运算规则，如下所示： <ul><li>逢<code>八</code>进<code>一</code>（针对加法而言）。</li><li>借<code>一</code>当<code>八</code>（针对减法而言）。</li></ul></li><li><code>十六进制</code>的运算规则，如下所示： <ul><li>逢<code>十六</code>进<code>一</code>（针对加法而言）。</li><li>借<code>一</code>当<code>十六</code>（针对减法而言）。</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="_3-3-2-二进制的运算" tabindex="-1">3.3.2 二进制的运算 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-3-2-二进制的运算" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.3.2 二进制的运算&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>二进制的加法：<code>1 + 0 = 1</code> 、<code>1 + 1 = 10</code>、<code>11 + 10 = 101</code>、<code>111 + 111 = 1110</code>。</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/19.BHR3Faxy.svg" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>二进制的减法：<code>1 - 0 = 1</code> 、<code>10 - 1 = 1</code>、<code>101 - 11 = 10</code>、<code>1100 - 111 = 101</code> 。</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/20.BPvPBGLi.svg" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_3-3-3-八进制的运算" tabindex="-1">3.3.3 八进制的运算 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-3-3-八进制的运算" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.3.3 八进制的运算&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>八进制的加法：<code>3 + 4 = 7</code> 、<code>5 + 6 = 13</code>、<code>75 + 42 = 137</code>、<code>2427 + 567 = 3216</code>。</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/21.96eXHKhR.svg" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>八进制的减法：<code>6 - 4 = 2</code> 、<code>52 - 27 = 33</code>、<code>307 - 141 = 146</code>、<code>7430 - 1451 = 5757</code> 。</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/22.DU0JSGBx.svg" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_3-3-4-十六进制的运算" tabindex="-1">3.3.4 十六进制的运算 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-3-4-十六进制的运算" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.3.4 十六进制的运算&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>十六进制的加法：<code>6 + 7 = D</code> 、<code>18 + BA = D2</code>、<code>595 + 792 = D27</code>、<code>2F87 + F8A = 3F11</code>。</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/23.DjDYOeB4.svg" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>十六进制的减法：<code>D - 3 = A</code> 、<code>52 - 2F = 23</code>、<code>E07 - 141 = CC6</code>、<code>7CA0 - 1CB1 = 5FEF</code> 。</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/24.CSyqvmqg.svg" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_3-4-进制的转换" tabindex="-1">3.4 进制的转换 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-4-进制的转换" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.4 进制的转换&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="_3-4-1-概述" tabindex="-1">3.4.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-4-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.4.1 概述&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>不同进制的转换，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/25.uqLiL_yu.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>在计算机中，数据是从右往左的方式排列的；其中，最右边的是低位，最左边的是高位，即：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/26.CVy9jq-k.svg" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_3-4-2-二进制和十进制的转换" tabindex="-1">3.4.2 二进制和十进制的转换 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-4-2-二进制和十进制的转换" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.4.2 二进制和十进制的转换&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="_3-4-2-1-二进制转换为十进制" tabindex="-1">3.4.2.1 二进制转换为十进制 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-4-2-1-二进制转换为十进制" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.4.2.1 二进制转换为十进制&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>规则：从最低位开始，将每个位上的数提取出来，乘以 2 的 （位数 - 1 ）次方，然后求和。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 在学术界，将这种计算规则，称为<code>位权相加法</code>。</li><li>② <code>八进制转换为十进制</code>、<code>十六进制转换为十进制</code>和<code>二进制转换为十进制</code>的算法相同！！！</li></ul></div><ul><li>示例：十进制转十进制</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/27.D0s35-Np.svg" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>示例：二进制转十进制</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/28.CGctd5l_.svg" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h4 id="_3-4-2-2-十进制转换二进制" tabindex="-1">3.4.2.2 十进制转换二进制 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-4-2-2-十进制转换二进制" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.4.2.2 十进制转换二进制&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>规则：将该数不断除以 2 ，直到商为 0 为止，然后将每步得到的余数倒过来，就是对应的二进制。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 在学术界，将这种计算规则，称为<code>短除法</code>或<code>连续除2取余法</code>。</li><li>② 很好理解，只有不断地除以 2 ，就能保证最大的数字不超过 2 ，这不就是二进制（只能有 0 或 1）吗？</li><li>③ <code>八进制转换为二进制</code>、<code>十六进制转换为二进制</code>和<code>十进制转换为二进制</code>的算法相同！！！</li></ul></div><ul><li>示例：十进制转十进制</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/29.DQIGB6FY.svg" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>示例：十进制转二进制</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/30.DBiJDp82.svg" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_3-4-3-二进制转八进制" tabindex="-1">3.4.3 二进制转八进制 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-4-3-二进制转八进制" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.4.3 二进制转八进制&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>规则：从右向左，每 3 位二进制就是一个八进制，不足补 0（分组转换法）。</p></li><li><p>示例：011 101 001 -&gt; 351</p></li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/31.r0a7UWIb.svg" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_3-4-4-二进制转十六进制" tabindex="-1">3.4.4 二进制转十六进制 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-4-4-二进制转十六进制" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.4.4 二进制转十六进制&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>规则：从右向左，每 4 位二进制就是一个十六进制，不足补 0（分组转换法）。</p></li><li><p>示例：1110 1001 -&gt; 0xE9</p></li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/32.-KoNS5D_.svg" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_3-5-原码、反码和补码" tabindex="-1">3.5 原码、反码和补码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-5-原码、反码和补码" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.5 原码、反码和补码&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="_3-5-1-概述" tabindex="-1">3.5.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-5-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.5.1 概述&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>机器数：一个数在计算机的存储形式是二进制，我们称这些二进制数为机器数。机器数可以是有符号的，用机器数的最高位来存放符号位，0 表示正数，1 表示负数。</li></ul><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><p>这里讨论的适用于<code>符号位</code>的整数，如：int 等；而不适用于<code>无符号位</code>的整数，即：unsinged int 等。</p></div><p><img src="/c/assets/33.9LAsi3gH.svg" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>真值（数据位）：因为机器数带有符号位，所以机器数的形式值不等于其真实表示的值（真值），以机器数 1000 0001 为例，其真正表示的值（首位是符号位）为 -1，而形式值却是 129 ，因此将带有符号位的机器数的真正表示的值称为机器数的真值。</li></ul><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><p>这里讨论的适用于<code>符号位</code>的整数，如：int 等；而不适用于<code>无符号位</code>的整数，即：unsinged int 等。</p></div><p><img src="/c/assets/34.CbxjdJlI.svg" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_3-5-2-原码" tabindex="-1">3.5.2 原码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-5-2-原码" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.5.2 原码&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>原码的表示与机器数真值表示的一样，即用第一位表示符号，其余位表示数值。</li><li>规则： <ul><li>正数的<code>原码</code>是它本身对应的二进制数，符号位是 0 。</li><li>负数的<code>原码</code>是它本身绝对值对应的二进制数，但是符号位是 1 。</li></ul></li><li>+1 的原码，使用 8 位二进数来表示，就是：</li></ul><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th>十进制数</th><th>原码（8位二进制数）</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>+1</td><td><code>0</code>000 0001</td></tr></tbody></table><ul><li>-1 的原码，使用 8 位二进数来表示，就是：</li></ul><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th>十进制数</th><th>原码（8位二进制数）</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>-1</td><td><code>1</code>000 0001</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><p>总结：</p><ul><li>① 按照原码的规则，会出现 <code>+0</code> 和 <code>-0</code> 的情况，即：<code>0</code>000 0000（+0）、<code>1</code>000 0000（-0），显然不符合实际情况。</li><li>② 所以，计算机底层虽然存储和计算的都是二进数，但显然不是原码。</li></ul></div><h3 id="_3-5-3-反码" tabindex="-1">3.5.3 反码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-5-3-反码" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.5.3 反码&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>规则：</p><ul><li>正数的反码和它的原码相同。</li><li>负数的反码是在其原码的基础上，符号位不变，其余各位取反。</li></ul></li><li><p>+1 的反码，使用 8 位二进数来表示，就是：</p></li></ul><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th>十进制数</th><th>原码（8位二进制数）</th><th>反码（8位二进制数）</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>+1</td><td><code>0</code>000 0001</td><td><code>0</code>000 0001</td></tr></tbody></table><ul><li>-1 的反码，使用 8 位二进数来表示，就是：</li></ul><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th>十进制数</th><th>原码（8位二进制数）</th><th>反码（8位二进制数）</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>-1</td><td><code>1</code>000 0001</td><td><code>1</code>111 1110</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><p>总结：</p><ul><li>① 按照反码的规则，如果是 <code>+0</code>，对应的原码是 <code>0</code>000 0000；那么，其反码还是 <code>0</code>000 0000 ；如果是 <code>-0</code>，对应的原码是 <code>1</code>000 0000，其反码是 <code>1</code>111 1111，显然不符合实际情况。</li><li>② 所以，计算机底层虽然存储和计算的都是二进数，但显然不是反码。</li></ul></div><h3 id="_3-5-4-补码" tabindex="-1">3.5.4 补码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-5-4-补码" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.5.4 补码&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>规则：</p><ul><li>正数的补码和它的原码相同。</li><li>负数的补码是在其反码的基础上 + 1 。</li></ul></li><li><p>+1 的补码，使用 8 位二进数来表示，就是：</p></li></ul><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th>十进制数</th><th>原码（8位二进制数）</th><th>反码（8位二进制数）</th><th>补码（8位二进制数）</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>+1</td><td><code>0</code>000 0001</td><td><code>0</code>000 0001</td><td><code>0</code>000 0001</td></tr></tbody></table><ul><li>-1 的补码，使用 8 位二进数来表示，就是：</li></ul><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th>十进制数</th><th>原码（8位二进制数）</th><th>反码（8位二进制数）</th><th>补码（8位二进制数）</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>-1</td><td><code>1</code>000 0001</td><td><code>1</code>111 1110</td><td><code>1</code>111 1111</td></tr></tbody></table><ul><li>如果 <code>0</code> ，按照 <code>+0</code> 的情况进行处理，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/35.DouEaZ2q.svg" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>如果 <code>0</code> ，按照 <code>-0</code> 的情况进行处理，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/36.BAASpiz6.svg" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><p>总结：</p><ul><li>① 补码表示法解决了<code>原码</code>和<code>反码</code>存在的<code>两种</code>零（<code>+0</code> 和 <code>-0</code>）的问题，即：在补码表示法中，只有<code>一个</code>零，即 <code>0000 0000</code>。</li><li>②补码使得<code>加法运算</code>和<code>减法运算</code>可以统一处理，通过将减法运算<code>转换</code>为加法运算，可以简化硬件设计，提高了运算效率。</li><li>③ 计算机底层<code>存储</code>和<code>计算</code>的都是<code>二进数的补码</code>。换言之，当读取整数的时候，需要采用逆向的转换，即：将补码转换为原码。正数的原码、反码、补码都是一样的，三码合一。负数的补码转换为原码的方法就是先减去 <code>1</code> ，得到反码，再按位取反，得到原码。</li></ul></div><h3 id="_3-5-5-总结" tabindex="-1">3.5.5 总结 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-5-5-总结" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.5.5 总结&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>① 正数的原码、反码和补码都是一样的，三码合一。</li><li>② 负数的反码是在其原码的基础上，按位取反（0 变 1 ，1 变 0 ），符号位不变；负数的补码是其反码 + 1 。</li><li>③ 0 的补码是 0 。</li></ul><h2 id="_3-6-计算机底层为什么使用补码" tabindex="-1">3.6 计算机底层为什么使用补码？ <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-6-计算机底层为什么使用补码" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.6 计算机底层为什么使用补码？&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li><p><code>加法</code>和<code>减法</code>是计算机中最基本的运算，计算机时时刻刻都离不开它们，所以它们由硬件直接支持。为了提高加法和减法的运行效率，硬件电路必须设计得尽量简单。</p></li><li><p>对于有符号位的数字来说，内存需要区分符号位和数值位：对于人类来说，很容易识别（最高位是 0 还是 1）；但是，对于计算机来说，需要设计专门的电路，这无疑增加了硬件的复杂性，增加了计算时间。如果能将符号位和数值位等同起来，让它们一起参与运算，不再加以区分，这样硬件电路就可以变得非常简单。</p></li><li><p>此外，加法和减法也可以合并为一种运算，即：加法运算。换言之，减去一个数就相当于加上这个数的相反数，如：<code>5 - 3</code> 相当于 <code>5 +（-3）</code>，<code>10 -（-9）</code>相当于 <code>10 + 9</code> 。</p></li><li><p>如果能够实现上述的两个目标，那么只需要设计一种简单的、不用区分符号位和数值位的加法电路，就能同时实现加法运算和减法运算，而且非常高效。其实，这两个目标已经实现了，真正的计算机的硬件电路就是这样设计的。</p></li><li><p>但是，简化硬件电路是有代价的，这个代价就是有符号数在存储和读取的时候都要继续转换。这也是对于有符号数的运算来说，计算机底层为什么使用<code>补码</code>的原因所在。</p></li></ul><h2 id="_3-7-补码到底是如何简化硬件电路的" tabindex="-1">3.7 补码到底是如何简化硬件电路的？ <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-7-补码到底是如何简化硬件电路的" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.7 补码到底是如何简化硬件电路的？&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>假设 6 和 18 都是 short 类型，现在我们要计算 <code>6 - 18</code> 的结果，根据运算规则，它等价于 <code>6 +（-18）</code>。如果按照采用<code>原码</code>来计算，那么运算过程是这样的，如下所示：</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>直接使用原码表示整数，让符号位也参与运算，那么对于减法来说，结果显然是不正确的。</p></div><p><img src="/c/assets/37.CSLcq3FJ.svg" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>于是，人们开始继续探索，不断试错，终于设计出了<code>反码</code>，如下所示：</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>直接使用反码表示整数，让符号位也参与运算，对于 6 +（-18）来说，结果貌似正确。</p></div><p><img src="/c/assets/38.8wVUSUxs.svg" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>如果我们将<code>被减数</code>和<code>减数</code>对调一下，即：计算 <code>18 - 6</code> 的结果，也就是 <code>18 +（-6）</code>的结果，继续采用<code>反码</code>来进行运算，如下所示：</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 6 - 18，即：6+（-18），如果采用<code>反码</code>计算，结果是正确的；但是，18 - 6，即：18 +（-6），如果采用<code>反码</code>计算，结果相差 1 。</li><li>② 可以推断：如果按照<code>反码</code>来计算，小数 - 大数，结果正确；而大数 - 小数，结果相差 1 。</li></ul></div><p><img src="/c/assets/39.B8T792CZ.svg" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>对于这个相差的 <code>1</code> 必须进行纠正，但是又不能影响<code>小数-大数</code>的结果。于是，人们又绞尽脑汁设计出了<code>补码</code>，给<code>反码</code>打了一个<code>“补丁”</code>，终于把相差的 <code>1</code> 给纠正过来了。那么，<code>6 - 18</code> 按照<code>补码</code>的运算过程，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/40.D7XSVA_S.svg" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>那么，<code>18 - 6</code> 按照<code>补码</code>的运算过程，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/41.BeI_-jpB.svg" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><p>总结：采用<code>补码</code>的形式正好将相差的 <code>1</code>纠正过来，也没有影响到小数减大数，这个“补丁”非常巧妙。</p><ul><li>① 小数减去大数，结果为负，之前（负数从反码转换为补码需要 +1）加上的 1 ，后来（负数从补码转换为反码要 -1）还需要减去，正好抵消掉，所以不会受到影响。</li><li>② 大数减去小数，结果为正，之前（负数从反码转换为补码需要 +1）加上的 1 ，后来（正数的补码和反码相同，从补码转换为反码不用 -1）就没有再减去，不能抵消掉，这就相当于给计算结果多加了一个 1。</li></ul><p><code>补码</code>这种天才般的设计，一举达成了之前加法运算和减法运算提到的两个目标，简化了硬件电路。</p></div></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-39a288b8 data-v-e257564d><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-e257564d><!----><div class="last-updated" data-v-e257564d><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-e257564d data-v-e98dd255>上次更新: <time datetime="2024-08-19T07:40:31.000Z" data-v-e98dd255></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" aria-labelledby="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d><span class="visually-hidden" 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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div><h2 id="_2-8-运算符优先级" tabindex="-1">2.8 运算符优先级 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-8-运算符优先级" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.8 运算符优先级&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>C 语言中运算符的优先级，如下所示：</li></ul><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th><strong>优先级</strong></th><th><strong>运算符</strong></th><th><strong>名称或含义</strong></th><th><strong>结合方向</strong></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>1</strong></td><td><code>[]</code></td><td>数组下标</td><td>➡️（从左到右）</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>()</code></td><td>圆括号</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>.</code></td><td>成员选择（对象）</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>-&gt;</code></td><td>成员选择（指针）</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>2</strong></td><td><code>-</code></td><td>负号运算符</td><td>⬅️（从右到左）</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>（类型）</code></td><td>强制类型转换</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>++</code></td><td>自增运算符</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>--</code></td><td>自减运算符</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>*</code></td><td>取值运算符</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>&amp;</code></td><td>取地址运算符</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>!</code></td><td>逻辑非运算符</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>~</code></td><td>按位取反运算符</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>sizeof</code></td><td>长度运算符</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>3</strong></td><td><code>/</code></td><td>除</td><td>➡️（从左到右）</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>*</code></td><td>乘</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>%</code></td><td>余数（取模）</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>4</strong></td><td><code>+</code></td><td>加</td><td>➡️（从左到右）</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>-</code></td><td>减</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>5</strong></td><td><code>&lt;&lt;</code></td><td>左移</td><td>➡️（从左到右）</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>&gt;&gt;</code></td><td>右移</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>6</strong></td><td><code>&gt;</code></td><td>大于</td><td>➡️（从左到右）</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>&gt;=</code></td><td>大于等于</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>&lt;</code></td><td>小于</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>&lt;=</code></td><td>小于等于</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>7</strong></td><td><code>==</code></td><td>等于</td><td>➡️（从左到右）</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>!=</code></td><td>不等于</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>8</strong></td><td><code>&amp;</code></td><td>按位与</td><td>➡️（从左到右）</td></tr><tr><td><strong>9</strong></td><td><code>^</code></td><td>按位异或</td><td>➡️（从左到右）</td></tr><tr><td><strong>10</strong></td><td><code>|</code></td><td>按位或</td><td>➡️（从左到右）</td></tr><tr><td><strong>11</strong></td><td><code>&amp;&amp;</code></td><td>逻辑与</td><td>➡️（从左到右）</td></tr><tr><td><strong>12</strong></td><td><code>||</code></td><td>逻辑或</td><td>➡️（从左到右）</td></tr><tr><td><strong>13</strong></td><td><code>?:</code></td><td>条件运算符</td><td>⬅️（从右到左）</td></tr><tr><td><strong>14</strong></td><td><code>=</code></td><td>赋值运算符</td><td>⬅️（从右到左）</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>/=</code></td><td>除后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>*=</code></td><td>乘后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>%=</code></td><td>取模后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>+=</code></td><td>加后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>-=</code></td><td>减后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>&lt;&lt;=</code></td><td>左移后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>&gt;&gt;=</code></td><td>右移后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>&amp;=</code></td><td>按位与后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>^=</code></td><td>按位异或后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>|=</code></td><td>按位或后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>15</strong></td><td><code>,</code></td><td>逗号运算符</td><td>➡️（从左到右）</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="warning custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">WARNING</p><p></p><ul><li>① 不要过多的依赖运算符的优先级来控制表达式的执行顺序，这样可读性太差，尽量<code>使用小括号来控制</code>表达式的执行顺序。</li><li>② 不要把一个表达式写得过于复杂，如果一个表达式过于复杂，则把它<code>分成几步</code>来完成。</li><li>③ 运算符优先级不用刻意地去记忆，总体上：一元运算符 &gt; 算术运算符 &gt; 关系运算符 &gt; 逻辑运算符 &gt; 三元运算符 &gt; 赋值运算符。</li></ul></div><h1 id="第三章-附录" tabindex="-1">第三章：附录 <a class="header-anchor" href="#第三章-附录" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;第三章：附录&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="_3-1-字符集和字符集编码" tabindex="-1">3.1 字符集和字符集编码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-1-字符集和字符集编码" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.1 字符集和字符集编码&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="_3-3-1-概述" tabindex="-1">3.3.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-3-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.3.1 概述&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>字符集和字符集编码（简称编码）计算机系统中处理文本数据的两个基本概念，它们密切相关但又有区别。</li><li>字符集（Character Set）是一组字符的集合，其中每个字符都被分配了一个<code>唯一的编号</code>（通常是数字）。字符可以是字母、数字、符号、控制代码（如换行符）等。<code>字符集定义了可以表示的字符的范围</code>，但它并不直接定义如何将这些字符存储在计算机中。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>ASCII（美国信息交换标准代码）是最早期和最简单的字符集之一，它只包括了英文字母、数字和一些特殊字符，共 128 个字符。每个字符都分配给了一个从 0 到 127 的数字。</p></div><ul><li>字符集编码（Character Encoding，简称编码）是一种方案或方法，<code>它定义了如何将字符集中的字符转换为计算机存储和传输的数据（通常是一串二进制数字）</code>。简而言之，编码是字符到二进制数据之间的映射规则。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>ASCII 编码方案定义了如何将 ASCII 字符集中的每个字符表示为 7 位的二进制数字。例如：大写字母<code>&#39;A&#39;</code>在 ASCII 编码中表示为二进制的<code>1000001</code>，十进制的 <code>65</code> 。</p></div><ul><li><code>字符集</code>和<code>字符集编码</code>之间的关系如下：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/32.CGTVELeO.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>Linux 中安装帮助手册：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/33.Bz4_lEH0.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_3-3-2-ascii-编码" tabindex="-1">3.3.2 ASCII 编码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-3-2-ascii-编码" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.3.2 ASCII 编码&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>从<code>冯·诺依曼</code>体系结构中，我们知道，计算机中所有的<code>数据</code>和<code>指令</code>都是以<code>二进制</code>的形式表示的；所以，计算机中对于文本数据的数据也是以二进制来存储的，那么对应的流程如下：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/34.CcDWE4nn.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>我们知道，计算机是上个世纪 60 年代在美国研制成功的，为了实现字符和二进制的转换，美国就制定了一套字符编码，即英语字符和二进制位之间的关系，即 ASCII （American Standard Code for Information Interchange）编码： <ul><li>ASCII 编码只包括了英文字符、数字和一些特殊字符，一共 128 个字符，并且每个字符都分配了唯一的数字，范围是 0 - 127。</li><li>ASCII 编码中的每个字符都使用 7 位的二进制数字表示；但是，计算机中的存储的最小单位是 1 B = 8 位，那么最高位统一规定为 0 。</li></ul></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 其实，早期是没有字符集的概念的，只是后来为了解决乱码问题，而产生了字符集的概念。</li><li>② 对于英文体系来说，<code>a-zA-Z0-9</code>以及一些<code>特殊字符</code>一共 <code>128</code> 就可以满足实际存储需求；所以，在也是为什么 ASCII 码使用 7 位二进制（2^7 = 128 ）来存储的。</li></ul></div><ul><li>在操作系统中，就内置了对应的编码表，Linux 也不例外；可以使用如下的命令查看：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">man</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> ascii</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/35.B7y2_JVX.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>其对应的 ASCII 编码表，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/36.Btcc3rs2.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>但是，随着计算机的发展，计算机开始了东征之路，由美国传播到东方：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/37.CR4ARW8y.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>先是传播到了欧洲，欧洲在兼容 ASCII 编码的基础上，推出了 ISO8859-1 编码，即： <ul><li>ISO8859-1 编码包括基本的拉丁字母表、数字、标点符号，以及西欧语言中特有的一些字符，如：法语中的 <code>è</code>、德语中的 <code>ü</code> 等。</li><li>ISO 8859-1 为每个字符分配一个单字节（8 位）编码，意味着它可以表示最多 256 （2^8）个不同的字符（编号从 0 到 255）。</li><li>ISO 8859-1 的前 128 个字符与 ASCII 编码完全一致，这使得 ASCII 编码的文本可以无缝转换为 ISO 8859-1 编码。</li></ul></li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/36.Btcc3rs2.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/39.DOX3ymYP.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>计算机继续传播到了亚洲，亚洲（双字节）各个国家分别给出了自己国家对应的字符集编码，如： <ul><li>日本推出了 Shift-JIS 编码： <ul><li>单字节 ASCII 范围：0 - 127。</li><li>双字节范围： <ul><li>第一个字节：129 - 159 和 224 - 239 。</li><li>第二个字节：64 - 126 和 128 - 252 。</li></ul></li></ul></li><li>韩国推出了 EUC-KR 编码： <ul><li>单字节 ASCII 范围：0 - 127。</li><li>双字节范围：从 41281 - 65278。</li></ul></li><li>中国推出了 GBK 编码： <ul><li>单字节 ASCII 范围：0 - 127。</li><li>双字节范围：33088 - 65278 。</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 通过上面日本、韩国、中国的编码十进制范围，我们可以看到，虽然这些编码系统在技术上的编码范围存在重叠（特别是在高位字节区域），但因为它们各自支持的字符集完全不同，所以实际上它们并不直接冲突。</li><li>② 但是，如果一个中国人通过 GBK 编码写的文章，通过邮件发送给韩国人，因为韩国和中国在字符集编码上的高位字节有重叠部分，必然会造成歧义。</li></ul></div><h3 id="_3-3-3-unicode-编码" tabindex="-1">3.3.3 Unicode 编码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-3-3-unicode-编码" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.3.3 Unicode 编码&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>在 Unicode 之前，世界上存在着数百种不同的编码系统，每一种编码系统都是为了支持特定语言或一组语言的字符集。这些编码系统，包括：ASCII、ISO 8859 系列、GBK、Shift-JIS、EUC-KR 等，它们各自有不同的字符范围和编码方式。这种多样性虽然在局部范围内解决了字符表示的问题，但也带来了以下几个方面的挑战：</p><ul><li><code>编码冲突</code>：由于不同的编码系统可以为相同的字节值分配不同的字符，因此在不同编码之间转换文本时，如果没有正确处理编码信息，就很容易产生乱码。这种编码冲突在尝试处理多种语言的文本时尤为突出。</li><li><code>编码的复杂性</code>：随着全球化的发展，软件和系统需要支持越来越多的语言，这就要求开发者和系统同时处理多种不同的编码系统。这不仅增加了开发和维护的复杂性，而且也增加了出错的风险。</li><li><code>资源限制</code>：在早期计算机技术中，内存和存储资源相对有限。不同的编码标准要求系统存储多套字符集数据，这无疑增加了对有限资源的消耗。</li><li>……</li></ul></li><li><p>针对上述的种种问题，为了推行全球化，Unicode 应运而生，Unicode 的核心规则和设计原则是建立一个全球统一的字符集，使得世界上所有的文字和符号都能被唯一地识别和使用，无论使用者位于何地或使用何种语言。这套规则包括了字符的编码、表示、处理和转换机制，旨在确保不同系统和软件间能够无缝交换和处理文本数据。</p><ul><li><code>通用字符集 (UCS)</code>：Unicode 为每一个字符分配一个唯一的编号（称为<code>“码点”</code>）。这些码点被组织在一个统一的字符集中，官方称之为 “通用字符集”（Universal Character Set，UCS）。码点通常表示为 <code>U+</code> 后跟一个十六进制数，例如：<code>U+0041</code> 代表大写的英文字母 <code>“A”</code>。</li><li><code>编码平面和区段</code>：Unicode 码点被划分为多个 “平面（Planes）”，每个平面包含 65536（16^4）个码点。目前，Unicode定义了 17 个平面（从 0 到16），每个平面被分配了一个编号，从 “基本多文种平面（BMP）” 的 0 开始，到 16 号平面结束。这意味着 Unicode 理论上可以支持超过 110万（17*65536）个码点。</li></ul></li><li><p>Unicode 仅仅只是字符集，给每个字符设置了唯一的数字编号而已，却没有给出这些数字编号实际如何存储，可以通过如下命令查看：</p></li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/40.Cie9_tkP.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>为了在计算机系统中表示 Unicode 字符，定义了几种编码方案，这些方案包括 UTF-8、UTF-16 和 UTF-32 等。 <ul><li><strong>UTF-8</strong>：使用 1 - 4 个字节表示每个 Unicode 字符，兼容 ASCII，是网络上最常用的编码。</li><li><strong>UTF-16</strong>：使用 2 - 4 个字节表示每个 Unicode 字符，适合于需要经常处理基本多文种平面之外字符的应用。</li><li><strong>UTF-32</strong>：使用固定的 4 个字节表示每个 Unicode 字符，简化了字符处理，但增加了存储空间的需求。</li></ul></li><li><code>Unicode 字符集</code>和对应的<code>UTF-8 字符编码</code>之间的关系，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/41.DLjH9Ges.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-39a288b8 data-v-e257564d><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" 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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-39a288b8 data-v-e257564d><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-e257564d><!----><div class="last-updated" data-v-e257564d><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-e257564d data-v-e98dd255>上次更新: <time datetime="2024-08-06T08:32:38.000Z" data-v-e98dd255></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" aria-labelledby="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d>Pager</span><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link prev" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/03_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>上一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>数据类型和运算符</span><!--]--></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link next" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/05_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>下一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>数组</span><!--]--></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-5d98c3a5 data-v-e315a0ad><div class="container" data-v-e315a0ad><p class="message" data-v-e315a0ad>Released under the MIT License.</p><p class="copyright" data-v-e315a0ad>Copyright © 2024 许大仙</p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br></div></div><div class="warning custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">WARNING</p><p></p><p>在上述示例中，<code>arr</code> 和 <code>&amp;arr</code> 的值是一样的，但是对应的含义是不同的。</p><ul><li>① <code>arr</code> 是数组名，在大多数情况下会转换为数组第一个元素的地址，即：<code>arr</code> 等价于 <code>&amp;arr[0]</code>，其数据类型是 <code>int *</code>。</li><li>② <code>&amp;arr</code>是数组名的地址，即整个数组的地址，它指向数组本身，并不是数组第一个元素的地址，<code>&amp;arr</code> 的数据类型是 <code>int(*)[3]</code>。</li></ul></div></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-39a288b8 data-v-e257564d><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-e257564d><!----><div class="last-updated" data-v-e257564d><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-e257564d data-v-e98dd255>上次更新: <time datetime="2024-08-12T02:47:17.000Z" data-v-e98dd255></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" aria-labelledby="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d>Pager</span><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link prev" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/04_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>上一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>流程控制</span><!--]--></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link next" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/06_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>下一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>指针</span><!--]--></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-5d98c3a5 data-v-e315a0ad><div class="container" data-v-e315a0ad><p class="message" data-v-e315a0ad>Released under the MIT License.</p><p class="copyright" data-v-e315a0ad>Copyright © 2024 许大仙</p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Address of array: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">%p\n</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;">arr</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">);</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> // 返回整个数组的地址</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Address of pointer: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">%p\n</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;">ptr</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">);</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> // 返回指针变量ptr的地址</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div></li></ol><p>综上所述，通过这些示例和解释，可以看出数组名虽然在某些场合下可以像指针一样使用，但它并不是一个真正的指针变量，而是一个常量，表示数组的首地址。</p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-39a288b8 data-v-e257564d><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-e257564d><!----><div class="last-updated" data-v-e257564d><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-e257564d data-v-e98dd255>上次更新: <time datetime="2024-08-13T02:39:52.000Z" data-v-e98dd255></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" aria-labelledby="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d>Pager</span><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link prev" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/05_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>上一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>数组</span><!--]--></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link next" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/07_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>下一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>函数</span><!--]--></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-5d98c3a5 data-v-e315a0ad><div class="container" data-v-e315a0ad><p class="message" data-v-e315a0ad>Released under the MIT License.</p><p class="copyright" data-v-e315a0ad>Copyright © 2024 许大仙</p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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data-v-17a5e62e><button data-v-17a5e62e>返回顶部</button><!----></div></div></div><aside class="VPSidebar" data-v-5d98c3a5 data-v-319d5ca6><div class="curtain" data-v-319d5ca6></div><nav class="nav" id="VPSidebarNav" aria-labelledby="sidebar-aria-label" tabindex="-1" data-v-319d5ca6><span class="visually-hidden" id="sidebar-aria-label" data-v-319d5ca6> Sidebar Navigation </span><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C 语言基础</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/00_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>编程基础</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C 语言入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/02_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>变量和进制</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/03_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>数据类型和运算符</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/04_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>流程控制</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/05_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>数组</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/06_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>指针</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/07_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/08_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>预处理器</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/09_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>自定义数据类型</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/10_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>内存管理</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/11_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>文件操作</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-basic/13_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>调试工具和调试技巧（gdb和make）</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/13_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>常用库函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C 语言高级</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-advance/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>变量和内存分布</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-advance/02_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>指针强化</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-advance/03_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>结构体和文件的高级用法</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-advance/04_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>链表和回调函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-advance/05_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>编译过程和面向接口</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>项目构建工具</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><section class="VPSidebarItem level-1 collapsible collapsed" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h3 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>meson</h3><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-2 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/03_build/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>meson 入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section><section class="VPSidebarItem level-1 collapsible collapsed" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h3 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Cmake</h3><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-2 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/03_build/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Cmake 入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/03_build/01_${commonDirectoryName}/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Conan </p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><section class="VPSidebarItem level-1 collapsible collapsed" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h3 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Gradle</h3><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-2 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/03_build/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Gradle 入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Linux</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/04_linux/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Linux 初识和安装</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 基础</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/02_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>变量、数据类型、运算符</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/03_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>流程控制</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/04_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>数组</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/05_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>指针</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/06_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/07_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>自定义数据类型</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/08_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>类和对象</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/09_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 引用</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/10_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>继承和派生</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/11_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 多态和虚函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/12_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>运算符重载</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/13_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>模板</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/14_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 异常</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/15_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>面向对象进阶</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/16_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>文件操作和 IO 流</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/17_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>STL（标准模板库）</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><div class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 高级</p><!----></div><!----></div></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><div class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>QT 桌面开发</p><!----></div><!----></div></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><div class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Linux 高并发服务器开发</p><!----></div><!----></div></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-5d98c3a5 data-v-1428d186><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-1428d186 data-v-39a288b8><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-39a288b8><div class="aside" data-v-39a288b8><div 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tabindex="-1">后端技术栈 <a class="header-anchor" href="#后端技术栈" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;后端技术栈&quot;">​</a></h3><p><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-Spring-6DB33F?logo=Spring&amp;logoColor=FFF" alt="Spring" style="display:inline-block;">  <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-Spring%20Boot-6DB33F?logo=Spring-Boot&amp;logoColor=FFF" alt="Spring Boot" style="display:inline-block;">  <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-MySQL-4479A1?logo=MySQL&amp;logoColor=FFF" alt="MySQL" style="display:inline-block;">  <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-MariaDB-A9A9A9?logo=MariaDB&amp;logoColor=003545" alt="MariaDB" style="display:inline-block;">  <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-PostgreSQL-C0C0C0?logo=PostgreSQL&amp;logoColor=4169E1" alt="PostgreSQL" style="display:inline-block;">  <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-Oracle-C0C0C0?logo=Oracle&amp;logoColor=F80000" alt="Oracle" style="display:inline-block;">  <img 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src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-Node.js-D3D3D3?logo=Node.js&amp;logoColor=339933" alt="Node.js" style="display:inline-block;">  <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-Vite-D3D3D3?logo=Vite&amp;logoColor=646CFF" alt="Vite" style="display:inline-block;">  <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-Webpack-D3D3D3?logo=Webpack&amp;logoColor=8DD6F9" alt="Webpack" style="display:inline-block;">  <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-NPM-C0C0C0?logo=npm&amp;logoColor=CB3837" alt="NPM" style="display:inline-block;">  <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-Axios-C0C0C0?logo=Axios&amp;logoColor=5A29E4" alt="Axios" style="display:inline-block;">  <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-ESLint-C0C0C0?logo=ESLint&amp;logoColor=4B32C3" alt="ESLint" style="display:inline-block;">  <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/-jQuery-0769AD?logo=jQuery&amp;logoColor=FFF" alt="jQuery" style="display:inline-block;">  <img 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class="vpi-social-github" /></a><!--]--></div></div></div><!--]--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><button type="button" class="VPNavBarHamburger hamburger" aria-label="mobile navigation" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="VPNavScreen" data-v-6aa21345 data-v-e5dd9c1c><span class="container" data-v-e5dd9c1c><span class="top" data-v-e5dd9c1c></span><span class="middle" data-v-e5dd9c1c></span><span class="bottom" data-v-e5dd9c1c></span></span></button></div></div></div></div><div class="divider" data-v-6aa21345><div class="divider-line" data-v-6aa21345></div></div></div><!----></header><div class="VPLocalNav has-sidebar empty" data-v-5d98c3a5 data-v-a6f0e41e><div class="container" data-v-a6f0e41e><button class="menu" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="VPSidebarNav" data-v-a6f0e41e><span class="vpi-align-left menu-icon" data-v-a6f0e41e></span><span class="menu-text" data-v-a6f0e41e>Menu</span></button><div class="VPLocalNavOutlineDropdown" style="--vp-vh:0px;" data-v-a6f0e41e data-v-17a5e62e><button data-v-17a5e62e>返回顶部</button><!----></div></div></div><aside class="VPSidebar" data-v-5d98c3a5 data-v-319d5ca6><div class="curtain" data-v-319d5ca6></div><nav class="nav" id="VPSidebarNav" aria-labelledby="sidebar-aria-label" tabindex="-1" data-v-319d5ca6><span class="visually-hidden" id="sidebar-aria-label" data-v-319d5ca6> Sidebar Navigation </span><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C 语言基础</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/00_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>编程基础</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C 语言入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/02_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>变量和进制</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/03_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>数据类型和运算符</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/04_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>流程控制</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/05_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>数组</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/06_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>指针</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/07_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/08_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>预处理器</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/09_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>自定义数据类型</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/10_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>内存管理</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/11_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>文件操作</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-basic/13_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>调试工具和调试技巧（gdb和make）</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/13_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>常用库函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C 语言高级</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-advance/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>变量和内存分布</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-advance/02_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>指针强化</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-advance/03_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>结构体和文件的高级用法</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-advance/04_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>链表和回调函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-advance/05_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>编译过程和面向接口</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>项目构建工具</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><section class="VPSidebarItem level-1 collapsible collapsed" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h3 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>meson</h3><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-2 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/03_build/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>meson 入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section><section class="VPSidebarItem level-1 collapsible collapsed" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h3 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Cmake</h3><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-2 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/03_build/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Cmake 入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/03_build/01_${commonDirectoryName}/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Conan </p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><section class="VPSidebarItem level-1 collapsible collapsed" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h3 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Gradle</h3><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-2 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/03_build/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Gradle 入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Linux</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/04_linux/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Linux 初识和安装</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 基础</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/02_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>变量、数据类型、运算符</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/03_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>流程控制</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/04_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>数组</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/05_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>指针</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/06_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/07_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>自定义数据类型</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/08_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>类和对象</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/09_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 引用</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/10_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>继承和派生</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/11_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 多态和虚函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/12_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>运算符重载</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/13_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>模板</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/14_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 异常</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/15_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>面向对象进阶</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/16_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>文件操作和 IO 流</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/17_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>STL（标准模板库）</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><div class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 高级</p><!----></div><!----></div></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><div class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>QT 桌面开发</p><!----></div><!----></div></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><div class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Linux 高并发服务器开发</p><!----></div><!----></div></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-5d98c3a5 data-v-1428d186><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-1428d186 data-v-39a288b8><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-39a288b8><div class="aside" data-v-39a288b8><div 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tabindex="-1">c/c++ 学科 <a class="header-anchor" href="#c-c-学科" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;c/c++ 学科&quot;">​</a></h1><hr><iframe src="https://roadmap.sh/r/embed?id=6695c8262b17b182cbf4b520" width="115%" height="500px" frameBorder="0"></iframe></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-39a288b8 data-v-e257564d><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-e257564d><!----><div class="last-updated" data-v-e257564d><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-e257564d data-v-e98dd255>上次更新: <time datetime="2024-08-01T02:00:11.000Z" data-v-e98dd255></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" aria-labelledby="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d>Pager</span><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><!----></div><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link next" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/00_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>下一篇</span><span class="title" 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