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Aurorxa 2024-08-28 01:10:10 +00:00
parent 4740677270
commit 0aad84c9a7
23 changed files with 56 additions and 56 deletions

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id="第一章-变量-⭐" tabindex="-1">第一章:变量(⭐) <a class="header-anchor" href="#第一章-变量-⭐" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;第一章:变量(⭐)&quot;"></a></h1><h2 id="_1-1-程序中变化的数据" tabindex="-1">1.1 程序中变化的数据 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-1-程序中变化的数据" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.1 程序中变化的数据&quot;"></a></h2><ul><li>在生活中,我们使用最多的不是固定的数据,而是会变化的数据: <ul><li>① 购物车商品的<code>数量</code>、<code>价格</code>等。</li><li>② 一首歌<code>播放的时间</code>、<code>进度条</code>、<code>歌词的展示</code>等。</li><li>③ 微信聊天中<code>消息条数</code>、<code>时间</code>、<code>语音的长度</code>、<code>头像</code>、<code>名称</code>等。</li><li>④ 游戏中技能的<code>冷却时间</code>、<code>血量</code>、<code>蓝量</code>、<code>buff 时间</code>、<code>金币的数量</code>等。</li><li>……</li></ul></li></ul><ul><li>下图是一个<code>购物车</code>中<code>变化</code>的<code>数据</code>,即:</li></ul><p><img src="'+l+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>那么,在实际开发中,我们就会使用<code>变量</code>来<code>保存</code>和<code>操作</code>这些<code>变化</code>的<code>数据</code>。</li></ul><h2 id="_1-2-变量" tabindex="-1">1.2 变量 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-变量" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.2 变量&quot;"></a></h2><ul><li>变量的定义:变量是程序中不可或缺的组成单位,最基本的存储单元。其实,变量就是一个存储数据的临时空间,可以向其中存储不同类型的数据,如:整数、小数、字符、字符串等,并且变量中的数据在程序运行的时候可以动态改变。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li><code>变量</code>:用来<code>存储数据</code>的<code>容器</code>。</li><li><code>数据</code>:可以是一个用来计算的<code>数字</code>,如:上文购物车中的<code>价格</code>等;也可以是一句话中的<code>关键词</code>或<code>其它任意格式的数据</code>。</li><li>变量的<code>特别</code>之处就在于<code>它存放的数据是可以改变</code>的。</li></ul></div><ul><li>我们可以将<code>变量</code>想象为一个<code>容器</code>,盒子中<code>装的</code>就是我们想要的<code>数据</code>,并且我们需要<code>给</code>盒子<code>取</code>一个<code>特别的名称</code>;通过这个<code>特别的名称</code>,我们可以<code>给</code>盒子<code>添加数据</code>或<code>移除数据</code>,这个<code>特别的名称</code>就是<code>变量名</code>。</li></ul><p><img src="'+e+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① <code>变量</code>是内存中的一个<code>存储区域</code>,该区域的数据可以在<code>同一类型</code>范围内<code>不断变化</code>。</li><li>② 通过<code>变量名</code>,可以<code>操作</code>这块内存区域,向其中<code>存储数据</code>或<code>获取数据</code>以及<code>移除数据</code>。</li><li>③ 变量的构成包含三个要素:<code>数据类型</code>、<code>变量名</code>、<code>需要存储的数据</code>。</li><li>④ 在生活中,我们会经常说:这件衣服的价格是 <code>100整型</code> 元,这双鞋子的价格是 <code>250.5(小数,浮点类型)</code> 元,<code>今天天气真好(字符串类型)</code>之类的话;在计算机科学中,这些都是数据,并且它们是有类型,即:数据类型。(数据类型用于定义变量所能存储的数据的种类以及可以对这些数据进行的操作的一种分类,每种数据类型都有特定的属性和用途,它们决定了变量在内存中如何表示和存储,以及变量可以执行哪些操作)</li></ul></div><h2 id="_1-3-变量的声明和使用" tabindex="-1">1.3 变量的声明和使用 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-3-变量的声明和使用" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.3 变量的声明和使用&quot;"></a></h2><ul><li>① 变量必须先声明,后使用。</li><li>② 可以先声明变量再赋值,也可以在声明变量的同时进行赋值。</li><li>③ 变量的值可以在同一类型范围内不断变化。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 在实际开发中,我们通常都会在声明变量的同时,给其赋值,这被称为初始化。</li><li>② 如果不在声明变量的同时,进行初始化,默认情况下,系统会赋予的随机值,我们也称为垃圾值。</li><li>③ 其实,变量既可以声明在 <code>main()</code> 函数的外面,称为<code>全局变量</code>;也可以声明在 <code>main()</code> 函数的立马,称为<code>局部变量</code>。使用未初始化的局部变量有很多风险,很多编译器会给出警告,提醒程序员注意。</li></ul></div><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><ul><li>① C 语言的编译器,在程序员在使用未初始化的局部变量会有警告的原因就是:变量声明的时候,会给变量分配一块内存空间,如果不对变量进行初始化,那么就意味着不对这块内存空间进行写入操作,那么这块内存空间的数据将保持不变。但是,这个内存空间的数据是哪里来的?是当前程序之前运行产生的,还是其它程序之前运行产生的,我们一无所知。由此可知,如果不进行初始化,那么变量对应的内存空间的数据是毫无意义的,是随机值,是垃圾值,没有任何价值。所以,建议在声明局部变量的同时进行初始化操作。</li><li>② 在实际开发中,声明局部变量的时候,必须进行初始化操作,以便能够减少潜在的错误并提高代码的稳定性。</li></ul></div><ul><li>示例:先声明,再使用</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &lt;stdio.h&gt;</span></span>
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id="第一章-变量-⭐" tabindex="-1">第一章:变量(⭐) <a class="header-anchor" href="#第一章-变量-⭐" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;第一章:变量(⭐)&quot;"></a></h1><h2 id="_1-1-程序中变化的数据" tabindex="-1">1.1 程序中变化的数据 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-1-程序中变化的数据" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.1 程序中变化的数据&quot;"></a></h2><ul><li>在生活中,我们使用最多的不是固定的数据,而是会变化的数据: <ul><li>① 购物车商品的<code>数量</code>、<code>价格</code>等。</li><li>② 一首歌<code>播放的时间</code>、<code>进度条</code>、<code>歌词的展示</code>等。</li><li>③ 微信聊天中<code>消息条数</code>、<code>时间</code>、<code>语音的长度</code>、<code>头像</code>、<code>名称</code>等。</li><li>④ 游戏中技能的<code>冷却时间</code>、<code>血量</code>、<code>蓝量</code>、<code>buff 时间</code>、<code>金币的数量</code>等。</li><li>……</li></ul></li></ul><ul><li>下图是一个<code>购物车</code>中<code>变化</code>的<code>数据</code>,即:</li></ul><p><img src="'+l+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>那么,在实际开发中,我们就会使用<code>变量</code>来<code>保存</code>和<code>操作</code>这些<code>变化</code>的<code>数据</code>。</li></ul><h2 id="_1-2-变量" tabindex="-1">1.2 变量 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-变量" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.2 变量&quot;"></a></h2><ul><li>变量的定义:变量是程序中不可或缺的组成单位,最基本的存储单元。其实,变量就是一个存储数据的临时空间,可以向其中存储不同类型的数据,如:整数、小数、字符、字符串等,并且变量中的数据在程序运行的时候可以动态改变。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li><code>变量</code>:用来<code>存储数据</code>的<code>容器</code>。</li><li><code>数据</code>:可以是一个用来计算的<code>数字</code>,如:上文购物车中的<code>价格</code>等;也可以是一句话中的<code>关键词</code>或<code>其它任意格式的数据</code>。</li><li>变量的<code>特别</code>之处就在于<code>它存放的数据是可以改变</code>的。</li></ul></div><ul><li>我们可以将<code>变量</code>想象为一个<code>容器</code>,盒子中<code>装的</code>就是我们想要的<code>数据</code>,并且我们需要<code>给</code>盒子<code>取</code>一个<code>特别的名称</code>;通过这个<code>特别的名称</code>,我们可以<code>给</code>盒子<code>添加数据</code>或<code>移除数据</code>,这个<code>特别的名称</code>就是<code>变量名</code>。</li></ul><p><img src="'+e+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① <code>变量</code>是内存中的一个<code>存储区域</code>,该区域的数据可以在<code>同一类型</code>范围内<code>不断变化</code>。</li><li>② 通过<code>变量名</code>,可以<code>操作</code>这块内存区域,向其中<code>存储数据</code>或<code>获取数据</code>以及<code>移除数据</code>。</li><li>③ 变量的构成包含三个要素:<code>数据类型</code>、<code>变量名</code>、<code>需要存储的数据</code>。</li><li>④ 在生活中,我们会经常说:这件衣服的价格是 <code>100整型</code> 元,这双鞋子的价格是 <code>250.5(小数,浮点类型)</code> 元,<code>今天天气真好(字符串类型)</code>之类的话;在计算机科学中,这些都是数据,并且它们是有类型,即:数据类型。(数据类型用于定义变量所能存储的数据的种类以及可以对这些数据进行的操作的一种分类,每种数据类型都有特定的属性和用途,它们决定了变量在内存中如何表示和存储,以及变量可以执行哪些操作)</li></ul></div><h2 id="_1-3-变量的声明和使用" tabindex="-1">1.3 变量的声明和使用 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-3-变量的声明和使用" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.3 变量的声明和使用&quot;"></a></h2><ul><li>① 变量必须先声明,后使用。</li><li>② 可以先声明变量再赋值,也可以在声明变量的同时进行赋值。</li><li>③ 变量的值可以在同一类型范围内不断变化。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 在实际开发中,我们通常都会在声明变量的同时,给其赋值,这被称为初始化。</li><li>② 如果不在声明变量的同时,进行初始化,默认情况下,系统会赋予的随机值,我们也称为垃圾值。</li><li>③ 其实,变量既可以声明在 <code>main()</code> 函数的外面,称为<code>全局变量</code>;也可以声明在 <code>main()</code> 函数的立马,称为<code>局部变量</code>。使用未初始化的局部变量有很多风险,很多编译器会给出警告,提醒程序员注意。</li></ul></div><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><ul><li>① C 语言的编译器,在程序员在使用未初始化的局部变量会有警告的原因就是:变量声明的时候,会给变量分配一块内存空间,如果不对变量进行初始化,那么就意味着不对这块内存空间进行写入操作,那么这块内存空间的数据将保持不变。但是,这个内存空间的数据是哪里来的?是当前程序之前运行产生的,还是其它程序之前运行产生的,我们一无所知。由此可知,如果不进行初始化,那么变量对应的内存空间的数据是毫无意义的,是随机值,是垃圾值,没有任何价值。所以,建议在声明局部变量的同时进行初始化操作。</li><li>② 在实际开发中,声明局部变量的时候,必须进行初始化操作,以便能够减少潜在的错误并提高代码的稳定性。</li><li>③ 在很多编程语言Java ,如果局部变量没有进行初始化操作,将会在编译阶段报错。</li></ul></div><ul><li>示例:先声明,再使用</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &lt;stdio.h&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> main</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
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id="第一章-数据类型-⭐" tabindex="-1">第一章:数据类型(⭐) <a class="header-anchor" href="#第一章-数据类型-⭐" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;第一章:数据类型(⭐)&quot;"></a></h1><h2 id="_1-1-概述" tabindex="-1">1.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.1 概述&quot;"></a></h2><ul><li><p>根据<code>变量</code>中<code>存储</code>的<code>值</code>的<code>不同</code>,我们可以将<code>变量</code>分为两类:</p><ul><li><code>普通变量</code>:变量所对应的内存中存储的是<code>普通值</code>。</li><li><code>指针变量</code>:变量所对应的内存中存储的是<code>另一个变量的地址</code>。</li></ul></li><li><p>如下图所示:</p></li></ul><p><img src="'+t+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>普通变量和指针变量的相同点:</p><ul><li>普通变量有内存空间,指针变量也有内存空间。</li><li>普通变量有内存地址,指针变量也有内存地址。</li><li>普通变量所对应的内存空间中有值,指针变量所对应的内存空间中也有值。</li></ul><p>普通变量和指针变量的不同点:</p><ul><li>普通变量所对应的内存空间存储的是普通的值,如:整数、小数、字符等;指针变量所对应的内存空间存储的是另外一个变量的地址。</li><li>普通变量有普通变量的运算方式,而指针变量有指针变量的运算方式(后续讲解)。</li></ul></div><ul><li>那么,在 C 语言中变量的数据类型就可以这么划分,如下所示:</li></ul><p><img src="'+h+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>根据<code>普通变量</code>中<code>存储</code>的<code>值</code>的类型不同,可以将<code>普通变量类型</code>划分为<code>基本数据类型</code>(整型、字符类型、浮点类型、布尔类型)和<code>复合数据类型</code>(数组类型、结构体类型、共用体类型、枚举类型)。</li><li>根据<code>指针变量</code>所<code>指向空间</code>中<code>存储</code>的<code>值</code>的类型不同,可以将<code>指针类型</code>分为<code>基本数据类型指针</code>、<code>复合数据类型指针</code>、<code>函数指针</code>、<code>数组指针</code>等,例如:如果指针所指向的空间保存的是 int 类型,那么该指针就是 int 类型的指针。</li></ul></div><h2 id="_1-2-整数类型" tabindex="-1">1.2 整数类型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-整数类型" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.2 整数类型&quot;"></a></h2><h3 id="_1-2-1-概述" tabindex="-1">1.2.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.2.1 概述&quot;"></a></h3><ul><li>整数类型简称整型用于存储整数值12、20、50 等。</li><li>根据所占<code>内存空间</code>大小的不同,可以将整数类型划分为:</li><li>① 短整型:</li></ul><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th>类型</th><th>存储空间(内存空间)</th><th>取值范围</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>unsigned short (无符号短整型)</td><td>2 字节</td><td>0 ~ 65,535 (2^16 - 1)</td></tr><tr><td>[signed] short有符号短整型默认</td><td>2 字节</td><td>-32,768 (- 2^15) ~ 32,767 (2^15 -1)</td></tr></tbody></table><ul><li>② 整型:</li></ul><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th>类型</th><th>存储空间(内存空间)</th><th>取值范围</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>unsigned int无符号整型</td><td>4 字节(通常)</td><td>0 ~ 4294967295 (0 ~2^32 -1)</td></tr><tr><td>[signed] int有符号整型默认</td><td>4 字节(通常)</td><td>-2147483648- 2^31 ~ 2147483647 (2^31-1)</td></tr></tbody></table><ul><li>③ 长整型:</li></ul><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th>类型</th><th>存储空间(内存空间)</th><th>取值范围</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>unsigned long无符号长整型</td><td>4 字节(通常)</td><td>0 ~2^32 -1</td></tr><tr><td>[signed] long有符号长整型默认</td><td>4 字节(通常)</td><td>- 2^31 ~ 2^31-1</td></tr></tbody></table><ul><li>④ 长长整型:</li></ul><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th>类型</th><th>存储空间(内存空间)</th><th>取值范围</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>unsigned long long无符号长整型</td><td>8 字节(通常)</td><td>0 ~2^64 -1</td></tr><tr><td>[signed] long long有符号长整型默认</td><td>8 字节(通常)</td><td>- 2^63 ~ 2^63-1</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><ul><li><p>① 数据类型在内存中占用的存储单元字节数就称为该数据类型的长度步长short 占用 2 个字节的内存,就称 short 的长度(步长)是 2。</p></li><li><p>② C 语言并没有严格规定各种整数数据类型在内存中所占存储单元的长度,只做了宽泛的限制:</p><ul><li>short 至少占用 2 个字节的存储单元。</li><li>int 建议为一个机器字长(指计算机的处理器在一次操作中能够处理的二进制数据的位数,机器字长是处理器的“字”长度,它决定了处理器在一个时钟周期内能够处理的数据量,如:早期的计算机的处理器通常是 8 位的机器字长,意味着处理器一次只能处理 8 位(二进制)数据;之后的计算机的处理器有 16 位的机器字长,意味着处理器一次可以处理 16 位的数据;再之后计算机的处理器有 32 位或 64 位的机器字长,意味着处理器一次可以处理 32 位或 64位的数据。即32 位环境下 int 占用 4 个字节的存储单元64 位环境下 int 占用 8 个字节的存储单元。</li><li>short 的长度(步长)不能大于 intlong 的长度(步长)不能小于 intlong long 不能小于 long。</li></ul></li><li><p>③ 那么,各种整数数据类型在内存中所占存储单元的长度的公式就是 <code>2 ≤ sizeof(short) ≤ sizeof(int) ≤ sizeof(long) ≤ sizeof(long long)</code>,具体的存储空间由编译系统自行决定。其中,<code>sizeof</code> 是测量类型或变量、常量长度的<code>运算符</code>。</p></li></ul></div><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><ul><li>① 之所以这么规定,是为了可以让 C 语言长久使用,因为目前主流的 CPU 都是 64 位,但是在 C 语言刚刚出现的时候CPU 还是以 8 位和 16 位为主。如果当时就将整型定死为 8 位或 16 位,那么现在我们肯定不会再学习 C 语言了。</li><li>② 整型分为有符号 signed 和无符号 unsigned 两种,默认是 signed。</li><li>③ 在实际开发中,<code>最常用的整数类型</code>就是 <code>int</code> 类型了,如果取值范围不够,就使用 long 或 long long 。</li><li>④ C 语言中的<code>格式占位符</code>非常多,只需要大致了解即可;因为,我们在实际开发中,一般都会使用 C++ 或 Rust 以及其它的高级编程语言Java 等,早已经解决了必须通过<code>格式占位符</code>来才能将变量进行输入和输出。</li></ul></div><h3 id="_1-2-2-短整型-了解" tabindex="-1">1.2.2 短整型(了解) <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-2-短整型-了解" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.2.2 短整型(了解)&quot;"></a></h3><ul><li>语法:</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">unsigned</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> short</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> x </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 10</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> ;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> // 无符号短整型</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">short</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> x </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> -</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> // 有符号短整型</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 有符号表示的是正数、负数和 0 ,即有正负号。无符号表示的是 0 和正数,即正整数,没有符号。</li><li>② 在 <code>printf</code> 中<code>无符号短整型unsigned short</code>的<code>格式占位符</code>是 <code>%hu</code> <code>有符号短整型signed short</code>的<code>格式占位符</code>是 <code>%hd</code> 。</li><li>③ 可以通过 <code>sizeof</code> 运算符获取<code>无符号短整型unsigned short</code> 和 <code>有符号短整型signed short</code> 的<code>存储空间(所占内存空间)</code>。</li><li>③ 可以通过 <code>#include &lt;limits.h&gt;</code> 来获取 <code>无符号短整型unsigned short</code> 和<code>有符号短整型signed short</code>的<code>取值范围</code>。</li></ul></div><ul><li>示例:定义和打印短整型变量</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &lt;stdio.h&gt;</span></span>
import{_ as p,c as n,j as s,a as i,a6 as a,o as l}from"./chunks/framework.hMCIpNYY.js";const 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id="第一章-数据类型-⭐" tabindex="-1">第一章:数据类型(⭐) <a class="header-anchor" href="#第一章-数据类型-⭐" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;第一章:数据类型(⭐)&quot;"></a></h1><h2 id="_1-1-概述" tabindex="-1">1.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.1 概述&quot;"></a></h2><ul><li><p>根据<code>变量</code>中<code>存储</code>的<code>值</code>的<code>不同</code>,我们可以将<code>变量</code>分为两类:</p><ul><li><code>普通变量</code>:变量所对应的内存中存储的是<code>普通值</code>。</li><li><code>指针变量</code>:变量所对应的内存中存储的是<code>另一个变量的地址</code>。</li></ul></li><li><p>如下图所示:</p></li></ul><p><img src="'+t+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>普通变量和指针变量的相同点:</p><ul><li>普通变量有内存空间,指针变量也有内存空间。</li><li>普通变量有内存地址,指针变量也有内存地址。</li><li>普通变量所对应的内存空间中有值,指针变量所对应的内存空间中也有值。</li></ul><p>普通变量和指针变量的不同点:</p><ul><li>普通变量所对应的内存空间存储的是普通的值,如:整数、小数、字符等;指针变量所对应的内存空间存储的是另外一个变量的地址。</li><li>普通变量有普通变量的运算方式,而指针变量有指针变量的运算方式(后续讲解)。</li></ul></div><ul><li>那么,在 C 语言中变量的数据类型就可以这么划分,如下所示:</li></ul><p><img src="'+h+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>根据<code>普通变量</code>中<code>存储</code>的<code>值</code>的类型不同,可以将<code>普通变量类型</code>划分为<code>基本数据类型</code>(整型、字符类型、浮点类型、布尔类型)和<code>复合数据类型</code>(数组类型、结构体类型、共用体类型、枚举类型)。</li><li>根据<code>指针变量</code>所<code>指向空间</code>中<code>存储</code>的<code>值</code>的类型不同,可以将<code>指针类型</code>分为<code>基本数据类型指针</code>、<code>复合数据类型指针</code>、<code>函数指针</code>、<code>数组指针</code>等,例如:如果指针所指向的空间保存的是 int 类型,那么该指针就是 int 类型的指针。</li></ul></div><h2 id="_1-2-整数类型" tabindex="-1">1.2 整数类型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-整数类型" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.2 整数类型&quot;"></a></h2><h3 id="_1-2-1-概述" tabindex="-1">1.2.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.2.1 概述&quot;"></a></h3><ul><li>整数类型简称整型用于存储整数值12、20、50 等。</li><li>根据所占<code>内存空间</code>大小的不同,可以将整数类型划分为:</li><li>① 短整型:</li></ul><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th>类型</th><th>存储空间(内存空间)</th><th>取值范围</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>unsigned short (无符号短整型)</td><td>2 字节</td><td>0 ~ 65,535 (2^16 - 1)</td></tr><tr><td>[signed] short有符号短整型默认</td><td>2 字节</td><td>-32,768 (- 2^15) ~ 32,767 (2^15 -1)</td></tr></tbody></table><ul><li>② 整型:</li></ul><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th>类型</th><th>存储空间(内存空间)</th><th>取值范围</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>unsigned int无符号整型</td><td>4 字节(通常)</td><td>0 ~ 4294967295 (0 ~2^32 -1)</td></tr><tr><td>[signed] int有符号整型默认</td><td>4 字节(通常)</td><td>-2147483648- 2^31 ~ 2147483647 (2^31-1)</td></tr></tbody></table><ul><li>③ 长整型:</li></ul><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th>类型</th><th>存储空间(内存空间)</th><th>取值范围</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>unsigned long无符号长整型</td><td>4 字节(通常)</td><td>0 ~2^32 -1</td></tr><tr><td>[signed] long有符号长整型默认</td><td>4 字节(通常)</td><td>- 2^31 ~ 2^31-1</td></tr></tbody></table><ul><li>④ 长长整型:</li></ul><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th>类型</th><th>存储空间(内存空间)</th><th>取值范围</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>unsigned long long无符号长整型</td><td>8 字节(通常)</td><td>0 ~2^64 -1</td></tr><tr><td>[signed] long long有符号长整型默认</td><td>8 字节(通常)</td><td>- 2^63 ~ 2^63-1</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><ul><li><p>① 数据类型在内存中占用的存储单元字节数就称为该数据类型的长度步长short 占用 2 个字节的内存,就称 short 的长度(步长)是 2。</p></li><li><p>② C 语言并没有严格规定各种整数数据类型在内存中所占存储单元的长度,只做了宽泛的限制:</p><ul><li>short 至少占用 2 个字节的存储单元。</li><li>int 建议为一个机器字长(指计算机的处理器在一次操作中能够处理的二进制数据的位数,机器字长是处理器的“字”长度,它决定了处理器在一个时钟周期内能够处理的数据量,如:早期的计算机的处理器通常是 8 位的机器字长,意味着处理器一次只能处理 8 位(二进制)数据;之后的计算机的处理器有 16 位的机器字长,意味着处理器一次可以处理 16 位的数据;再之后计算机的处理器有 32 位或 64 位的机器字长,意味着处理器一次可以处理 32 位或 64位的数据。即32 位环境下 int 占用 4 个字节的存储单元64 位环境下 int 占用 8 个字节的存储单元。</li><li>short 的长度(步长)不能大于 intlong 的长度(步长)不能小于 intlong long 不能小于 long。</li></ul></li><li><p>③ 那么,各种整数数据类型在内存中所占存储单元的长度的公式就是 <code>2 ≤ sizeof(short) ≤ sizeof(int) ≤ sizeof(long) ≤ sizeof(long long)</code>,具体的存储空间由编译系统自行决定。其中,<code>sizeof</code> 是测量类型或变量、常量长度的<code>运算符</code>。</p></li></ul></div><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><ul><li>① 之所以这么规定,是为了可以让 C 语言长久使用,因为目前主流的 CPU 都是 64 位,但是在 C 语言刚刚出现的时候CPU 还是以 8 位和 16 位为主。如果当时就将整型定死为 8 位或 16 位,那么现在我们肯定不会再学习 C 语言了。</li><li>② 整型分为有符号 signed 和无符号 unsigned 两种,默认是 signed。</li><li>③ 在实际开发中,<code>最常用的整数类型</code>就是 <code>int</code> 类型了,如果取值范围不够,就使用 long 或 long long 。</li><li>④ C 语言中的<code>格式占位符</code>非常多,只需要大致了解即可;因为,我们在实际开发中,一般都会使用 C++ 或 Rust 以及其它的高级编程语言Java 等,早已经解决了必须通过<code>格式占位符</code>来才能将变量进行输入和输出。</li></ul></div><h3 id="_1-2-2-短整型-了解" tabindex="-1">1.2.2 短整型(了解) <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-2-短整型-了解" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.2.2 短整型(了解)&quot;"></a></h3><ul><li>语法:</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">unsigned</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> short</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> x </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 10</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> ;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> // 无符号短整型</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">short</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> x </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> -</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> // 有符号短整型</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 有符号表示的是正数、负数和 0 ,即有正负号。无符号表示的是 0 和正数,即正整数,没有符号。</li><li>② 在 <code>printf</code> 中<code>无符号短整型unsigned short</code>的<code>格式占位符</code>是 <code>%hu</code> <code>有符号短整型signed short</code>的<code>格式占位符</code>是 <code>%hd</code> 。</li><li>③ 可以通过 <code>sizeof</code> 运算符获取<code>无符号短整型unsigned short</code> 和 <code>有符号短整型signed short</code> 的<code>存储空间(所占内存空间)</code>。</li><li>③ 可以通过 <code>#include &lt;limits.h&gt;</code> 来获取 <code>无符号短整型unsigned short</code> 和<code>有符号短整型signed short</code>的<code>取值范围</code>。</li></ul></div><ul><li>示例:定义和打印短整型变量</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &lt;stdio.h&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> main</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
@ -854,7 +854,7 @@ import{_ as p,c as n,j as s,a as i,a6 as a,o as l}from"./chunks/framework.hMCIpN
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;result = </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">%d\\n</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, result);</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> // result = 110</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div><h2 id="_2-8-" tabindex="-1">2.8 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-8-" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.8 &quot;"></a></h2><ul><li>C </li></ul><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th><strong></strong></th><th><strong></strong></th><th><strong></strong></th><th><strong></strong></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>1</strong></td><td><code>[]</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>()</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>.</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>-&gt;</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>2</strong></td><td><code>-</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code></code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>++</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>--</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>*</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>&amp;</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>!</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>~</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>sizeof</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>3</strong></td><td><code>/</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>*</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>%</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>4</strong></td><td><code>+</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>-</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>5</strong></td><td><code>&lt;&lt;</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>&gt;&gt;</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>6</strong></td><td><code>&gt;</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>&gt;=</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>&lt;</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>&lt;=</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>7</strong></td><td><code>==</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>!=</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>8</strong></td><td><code>&amp;</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>9</strong></td><td><code>^</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>10</strong></td><td><code>|</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>11</strong></td><td><code>&amp;&amp;</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>12</strong></td><td><code>||</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>13</strong></td><td><code>?:</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>14</strong></td><td><code>=</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>/=</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>*=</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>%=</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>+=</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>-=</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>&lt;&lt;=</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>&gt;&gt;=</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>&amp;=</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>^=</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>|=</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>15</strong></td><td><code>,</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="warning custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">WARNING</p><p></p><ul><li> <code>使</code></li><li> <code></code></li><li> &gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; </li></ul></div><h1 id="-" tabindex="-1"> <a class="header-anchor" href="#-" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;&quot;"></a></h1><h2 id="_3-1-" tabindex="-1">3.1 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-1-" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.1 &quot;"></a></h2><h3 id="_3-3-1-" tabindex="-1">3.3.1 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-3-1-" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.3.1 &quot;"></a></h3><ul><li></li><li>Character Set<code></code><code></code></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>ASCII 128 0 127 </p></div><ul><li>Character Encoding<code></code></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>ASCII ASCII 7 <code>&#39;A&#39;</code> ASCII <code>1000001</code> <code>65</code> </p></div><ul><li><code></code><code></code></li></ul><p><img src="`+H+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>Linux </li></ul><p><img src="'+M+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_3-3-2-ascii-" tabindex="-1">3.3.2 ASCII <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-3-2-ascii-" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.3.2 ASCII &quot;"></a></h3><ul><li><code>·</code><code></code><code></code><code></code></li></ul><p><img src="'+S+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li> 60 ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange <ul><li>ASCII 128 0 - 127</li><li>ASCII 使 7 1 B = 8 0 </li></ul></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li> </li><li> <code>a-zA-Z0-9</code><code></code> <code>128</code> ASCII 使 7 2^7 = 128 </li></ul></div><ul><li>Linux 使</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">man</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> ascii</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+V+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li> ASCII </li></ul><p><img src="'+O+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li></li></ul><p><img src="'+Z+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li> ASCII ISO8859-1 <ul><li>ISO8859-1 西 <code>è</code> <code>ü</code> </li><li>ISO 8859-1 8 256 2^8 0 255</li><li>ISO 8859-1 128 ASCII 使 ASCII ISO 8859-1 </li></ul></li></ul><p><img src="'+R+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+G+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li> <ul><li> Shift-JIS <ul><li> ASCII 0 - 127</li><li> <ul><li>129 - 159 224 - 239 </li><li>64 - 126 128 - 252 </li></ul></li></ul></li><li> EUC-KR <ul><li> ASCII 0 - 127</li><li> 41281 - 65278</li></ul></li><li> GBK <ul><li> ASCII 0 - 127</li><li>33088 - 65278 </li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li> </li><li> GBK </li></ul></div><h3 id="_3-3-3-unicode-" tabindex="-1">3.3.3 Unicode <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-3-3-unicode-" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.3.3 Unicode &quot;"></a></h3><ul><li><p> Unicode ASCIIISO 8859 GBKShift-JISEUC-KR </p><ul><li><code></code></li><li><code></code></li><li><code></code></li><li></li></ul></li><li><p>Unicode Unicode 使使使使</p><ul><li><code> (UCS)</code>Unicode <code></code> Universal Character SetUCS <code>U+</code> <code>U+0041</code> <code>A</code></li><li><code></code>Unicode Planes 6553616^4Unicode 17 0 16 BMP 0 16 Unicode 11017*65536</li></ul></li><li><p>Unicode </p></li></ul><p><img src="'+J+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li> Unicode UTF-8UTF-16 UTF-32 <ul><li><strong>UTF-8</strong>使 1 - 4 Unicode ASCII</li><li><strong>UTF-16</strong>使 2 - 4 Unicode </li><li><strong>UTF-32</strong>使 4 Unicode </li></ul></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li> UTF-8 ASCIIUTF-32 UTF-16 ASCII <ul><li>UTF-8 使163 UTF-8 UTF-8 UTF-8 10 UTF-8 10 UTF-8 </li><li>UTF-32 UTF-8 UTF-32 UTF-32 UTF-32 10 37 UTF-32 使 UTF-32 UTF-8 UTF-16 广</li><li>UTF-16 UTF-8 UTF-32 UTF-16 </li></ul></li><li> <strong>UTF-8</strong> <strong>UTF-16</strong> <strong>UTF-32</strong></li><li> UTF-8 </li></ul></div><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><ul><li> Windows .NET FrameworkJava String <code>UTF-16</code> </li><li> UNIX LinuxMac OSiOS <code>UTF-8</code> UTF-8 ASCII Unicode ASCII</li></ul></div><ul><li><code>Unicode </code><code>UTF-8 </code></li></ul><p><img src="'+j+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p><code></code><code></code></p><ul><li> <code></code>使8 ASCII <code></code>ASCII西</li><li> <code></code>使 ASCII 广 Unicode <code></code>UTF-32UTF-16 </li></ul><p><code></code> <code>UTF-8</code> <code>UTF-8</code> <code>ASCII</code> <code></code><code></code> <code>UTF-16</code> <code>UTF-32</code>使</p></div><h2 id="_3-2-wsl2-" tabindex="-1">3.2 WSL2 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-2-wsl2-" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.2 WSL2 &quot;"></a></h2><h3 id="_3-2-1-" tabindex="-1">3.2.1 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-2-1-" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.2.1 &quot;"></a></h3><ul><li> WSL2 Linux </li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">echo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> $LANG</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+X+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p><code>C.UTF-8</code> <code>C</code> <code>UTF-8</code> </p><ul><li> <strong>C </strong><code>C</code> ASCII <code>C</code> </li><li> <strong>UTF-8 </strong>UTF-8 Unicode 广使 UTF-8 14使 ASCII ASCII UTF-8 使</li></ul><p><code>C.UTF-8</code> <code>C</code> UTF-8 使 <code>C.UTF-8</code> 广</p></div><h3 id="_3-2-2-almalinux9-" tabindex="-1">3.2.2 AlmaLinux9 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-2-2-almalinux9-" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.2.2 AlmaLinux9 &quot;"></a></h3><ul><li> </li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">dnf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> search</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> locale</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> zh</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+W+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li> </li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">dnf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> glibc-langpack-zh</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+K+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li> </li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">localectl</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> set-locale</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+Y+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li> 使</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">source</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> /etc/locale.conf</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+$+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_3-2-3-ubuntu-22-04-" tabindex="-1">3.2.3 Ubuntu 22.04 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-2-3-ubuntu-22-04-" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.2.3 Ubuntu 22.04 &quot;"></a></h3><ul><li> </li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> update</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> language-pack-zh-hans</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+ss+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li> </li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">update-locale</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> LANGUAGE=zh_CN:zh</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+is+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li> 使</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">source</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> /etc/default/locale</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+as+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_3-3--c-使" tabindex="-1">3.3 C 使 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-3--c-使" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.3 C 使&quot;"></a></h2><h3 id="_3-3-1--1" tabindex="-1">3.3.1 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-3-1--1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.3.1 &quot;"></a></h3><ul><li> C C </li><li>C </li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p> C Windows 使 Windows </p></div><h3 id="_3-3-2-" tabindex="-1">3.3.2 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-3-2-" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.3.2 &quot;"></a></h3><ul><li> <ul><li> char 1 2 </li><li> C ASCII 使 UTF-16 UTF-32 Unicode </li></ul></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p><code></code> <code>UTF-8</code> <code>UTF-8</code> <code>ASCII</code> <code></code><code></code> <code>UTF-16</code> <code>UTF-32</code>使</p></div><ul><li> MSVC UTF-16 使 2 使 unsigned short GCCLLVM/Clang UTF-32 使 4 unsigned int </li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>使</p></div><ul><li>C <code>wchar_t</code> <ul><li> MSVC 2 </li><li> GCCLLVM/Clang 4 </li></ul></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li> <code>wchar_t</code> <code>w</code> wide <code>t</code> type <code>wchar_t</code> </li><li> <code>wchar_t</code> typedef <code>wchar_t</code> </li><li> <code>wchar_t</code> <code>&lt;wchar.h&gt;</code> 使</li></ul></div><ul><li>使 <code>&#39;&#39;</code> <code>&#39;A&#39;</code><code>&#39;&amp;&#39;</code> <code>L</code> <code>L&#39;A&#39;</code><code>L&#39;&#39;</code></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p> <code>L</code> <code>Long</code> char</p></div><ul><li></li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &lt;stddef.h&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div><h2 id="_2-8-" tabindex="-1">2.8 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-8-" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.8 &quot;"></a></h2><ul><li> <code>a + b * c</code> C C </li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p><code></code></p></div><ul><li>C </li></ul><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th><strong></strong></th><th><strong></strong></th><th><strong></strong></th><th><strong></strong></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>1</strong></td><td><code>[]</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>()</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>.</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>-&gt;</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>2</strong></td><td><code>-</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code></code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>++</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>--</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>*</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>&amp;</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>!</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>~</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>sizeof</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>3</strong></td><td><code>/</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>*</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>%</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>4</strong></td><td><code>+</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>-</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>5</strong></td><td><code>&lt;&lt;</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>&gt;&gt;</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>6</strong></td><td><code>&gt;</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>&gt;=</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>&lt;</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>&lt;=</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>7</strong></td><td><code>==</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>!=</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>8</strong></td><td><code>&amp;</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>9</strong></td><td><code>^</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>10</strong></td><td><code>|</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>11</strong></td><td><code>&amp;&amp;</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>12</strong></td><td><code>||</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>13</strong></td><td><code>?:</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>14</strong></td><td><code>=</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>/=</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>*=</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>%=</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>+=</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>-=</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>&lt;&lt;=</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>&gt;&gt;=</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>&amp;=</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>^=</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>|=</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>15</strong></td><td><code>,</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="warning custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">WARNING</p><p></p><ul><li> <code>使</code></li><li> <code></code></li><li> &gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; </li></ul></div><h1 id="-" tabindex="-1"> <a class="header-anchor" href="#-" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;&quot;"></a></h1><h2 id="_3-1-" tabindex="-1">3.1 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-1-" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.1 &quot;"></a></h2><h3 id="_3-3-1-" tabindex="-1">3.3.1 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-3-1-" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.3.1 &quot;"></a></h3><ul><li></li><li>Character Set<code></code><code></code></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>ASCII 128 0 127 </p></div><ul><li>Character Encoding<code></code></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>ASCII ASCII 7 <code>&#39;A&#39;</code> ASCII <code>1000001</code> <code>65</code> </p></div><ul><li><code></code><code></code></li></ul><p><img src="`+H+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>Linux </li></ul><p><img src="'+M+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_3-3-2-ascii-" tabindex="-1">3.3.2 ASCII <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-3-2-ascii-" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.3.2 ASCII &quot;"></a></h3><ul><li><code>·</code><code></code><code></code><code></code></li></ul><p><img src="'+S+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li> 60 ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange <ul><li>ASCII 128 0 - 127</li><li>ASCII 使 7 1 B = 8 0 </li></ul></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li> </li><li> <code>a-zA-Z0-9</code><code></code> <code>128</code> ASCII 使 7 2^7 = 128 </li></ul></div><ul><li>Linux 使</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">man</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> ascii</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+V+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li> ASCII </li></ul><p><img src="'+O+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li></li></ul><p><img src="'+Z+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li> ASCII ISO8859-1 <ul><li>ISO8859-1 西 <code>è</code> <code>ü</code> </li><li>ISO 8859-1 8 256 2^8 0 255</li><li>ISO 8859-1 128 ASCII 使 ASCII ISO 8859-1 </li></ul></li></ul><p><img src="'+R+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+G+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li> <ul><li> Shift-JIS <ul><li> ASCII 0 - 127</li><li> <ul><li>129 - 159 224 - 239 </li><li>64 - 126 128 - 252 </li></ul></li></ul></li><li> EUC-KR <ul><li> ASCII 0 - 127</li><li> 41281 - 65278</li></ul></li><li> GBK <ul><li> ASCII 0 - 127</li><li>33088 - 65278 </li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li> </li><li> GBK </li></ul></div><h3 id="_3-3-3-unicode-" tabindex="-1">3.3.3 Unicode <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-3-3-unicode-" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.3.3 Unicode &quot;"></a></h3><ul><li><p> Unicode ASCIIISO 8859 GBKShift-JISEUC-KR </p><ul><li><code></code></li><li><code></code></li><li><code></code></li><li></li></ul></li><li><p>Unicode Unicode 使使使使</p><ul><li><code> (UCS)</code>Unicode <code></code> Universal Character SetUCS <code>U+</code> <code>U+0041</code> <code>A</code></li><li><code></code>Unicode Planes 6553616^4Unicode 17 0 16 BMP 0 16 Unicode 11017*65536</li></ul></li><li><p>Unicode </p></li></ul><p><img src="'+J+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li> Unicode UTF-8UTF-16 UTF-32 <ul><li><strong>UTF-8</strong>使 1 - 4 Unicode ASCII</li><li><strong>UTF-16</strong>使 2 - 4 Unicode </li><li><strong>UTF-32</strong>使 4 Unicode </li></ul></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li> UTF-8 ASCIIUTF-32 UTF-16 ASCII <ul><li>UTF-8 使163 UTF-8 UTF-8 UTF-8 10 UTF-8 10 UTF-8 </li><li>UTF-32 UTF-8 UTF-32 UTF-32 UTF-32 10 37 UTF-32 使 UTF-32 UTF-8 UTF-16 广</li><li>UTF-16 UTF-8 UTF-32 UTF-16 </li></ul></li><li> <strong>UTF-8</strong> <strong>UTF-16</strong> <strong>UTF-32</strong></li><li> UTF-8 </li></ul></div><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><ul><li> Windows .NET FrameworkJava String <code>UTF-16</code> </li><li> UNIX LinuxMac OSiOS <code>UTF-8</code> UTF-8 ASCII Unicode ASCII</li></ul></div><ul><li><code>Unicode </code><code>UTF-8 </code></li></ul><p><img src="'+j+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p><code></code><code></code></p><ul><li> <code></code>使8 ASCII <code></code>ASCII西</li><li> <code></code>使 ASCII 广 Unicode <code></code>UTF-32UTF-16 </li></ul><p><code></code> <code>UTF-8</code> <code>UTF-8</code> <code>ASCII</code> <code></code><code></code> <code>UTF-16</code> <code>UTF-32</code>使</p></div><h2 id="_3-2-wsl2-" tabindex="-1">3.2 WSL2 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-2-wsl2-" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.2 WSL2 &quot;"></a></h2><h3 id="_3-2-1-" tabindex="-1">3.2.1 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-2-1-" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.2.1 &quot;"></a></h3><ul><li> WSL2 Linux </li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">echo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> $LANG</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+X+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p><code>C.UTF-8</code> <code>C</code> <code>UTF-8</code> </p><ul><li> <strong>C </strong><code>C</code> ASCII <code>C</code> </li><li> <strong>UTF-8 </strong>UTF-8 Unicode 广使 UTF-8 14使 ASCII ASCII UTF-8 使</li></ul><p><code>C.UTF-8</code> <code>C</code> UTF-8 使 <code>C.UTF-8</code> 广</p></div><h3 id="_3-2-2-almalinux9-" tabindex="-1">3.2.2 AlmaLinux9 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-2-2-almalinux9-" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.2.2 AlmaLinux9 &quot;"></a></h3><ul><li> </li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">dnf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> search</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> locale</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> zh</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+W+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li> </li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">dnf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> glibc-langpack-zh</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+K+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li> </li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">localectl</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> set-locale</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+Y+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li> 使</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">source</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> /etc/locale.conf</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+$+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_3-2-3-ubuntu-22-04-" tabindex="-1">3.2.3 Ubuntu 22.04 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-2-3-ubuntu-22-04-" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.2.3 Ubuntu 22.04 &quot;"></a></h3><ul><li> </li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> update</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> language-pack-zh-hans</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+ss+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li> </li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">update-locale</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> LANGUAGE=zh_CN:zh</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+is+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li> 使</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">source</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> /etc/default/locale</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+as+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_3-3--c-使" tabindex="-1">3.3 C 使 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-3--c-使" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.3 C 使&quot;"></a></h2><h3 id="_3-3-1--1" tabindex="-1">3.3.1 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-3-1--1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.3.1 &quot;"></a></h3><ul><li> C C </li><li>C </li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p> C Windows 使 Windows </p></div><h3 id="_3-3-2-" tabindex="-1">3.3.2 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-3-2-" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.3.2 &quot;"></a></h3><ul><li> <ul><li> char 1 2 </li><li> C ASCII 使 UTF-16 UTF-32 Unicode </li></ul></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p><code></code> <code>UTF-8</code> <code>UTF-8</code> <code>ASCII</code> <code></code><code></code> <code>UTF-16</code> <code>UTF-32</code>使</p></div><ul><li> MSVC UTF-16 使 2 使 unsigned short GCCLLVM/Clang UTF-32 使 4 unsigned int </li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>使</p></div><ul><li>C <code>wchar_t</code> <ul><li> MSVC 2 </li><li> GCCLLVM/Clang 4 </li></ul></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li> <code>wchar_t</code> <code>w</code> wide <code>t</code> type <code>wchar_t</code> </li><li> <code>wchar_t</code> typedef <code>wchar_t</code> </li><li> <code>wchar_t</code> <code>&lt;wchar.h&gt;</code> 使</li></ul></div><ul><li>使 <code>&#39;&#39;</code> <code>&#39;A&#39;</code><code>&#39;&amp;&#39;</code> <code>L</code> <code>L&#39;A&#39;</code><code>L&#39;&#39;</code></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p> <code>L</code> <code>Long</code> char</p></div><ul><li></li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &lt;stddef.h&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> main</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
@ -930,4 +930,4 @@ import{_ as p,c as n,j as s,a as i,a6 as a,o as l}from"./chunks/framework.hMCIpN
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">%s\\n</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, str4);</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> // </span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br></div></div><ul><li> <code>&quot;&quot;</code><code>&quot;&quot;</code><code>&quot;&quot;</code><code>&quot;&quot;</code>使 ASCII </li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p></p><ul><li> MSVC 使 Windows使 GBK </li><li>GCCLLVM/Clang 使使 UTF-8 使 UTF-8 使 GBK 使 GBK </li></ul></div><h3 id="_3-3-4-" tabindex="-1">3.3.4 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-3-4-" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.3.4 &quot;"></a></h3><ul><li> <code>char</code> C 使 <code>ASCII</code> </li><li> <code>wchar_t</code> <code></code><code></code> C 使 <code>UTF-16</code> <code>UTF-32</code> Unicode </li><li> <code>char</code> <code></code> MSVC 使GCCLLVM/Clang 使</li><li> 使 <ul><li><code>&lt;stdio.h&gt;</code> <code>putchar</code><code>puts</code><code>printf</code> </li><li><code>&lt;wchar.h&gt;</code> <code>putwchar</code><code>wprintf</code> </li></ul></li></ul><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><ul><li> C </li><li> C++ JavaPython C++ <code>std::string</code> Java <code>String</code>便Java <code>String</code> Python <code>str</code> Unicode</li></ul></div><h3 id="_3-3-5-" tabindex="-1">3.3.5 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-3-5-" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.3.5 &quot;"></a></h3><ul><li>使<code></code>使</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>使便使 UTF-8</p></div><ul><li>使<code></code>使</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>UTF-16 UTF-32 </p></div><ul><li><code></code><code></code><code></code><code></code><code></code><code></code></li></ul>`,372);function us(bs,ms,Cs,As,Bs,Ds){return l(),n("div",null,[ps,s("p",null,[s("mjx-container",ts,[(l(),n("svg",hs,ks)),ds])]),s("ul",null,[s("li",null,[s("p",null,[i(""),s("mjx-container",rs,[(l(),n("svg",cs,gs)),os])])]),Fs]),ys])}const qs=p(ls,[["render",us]]);export{Ts as __pageData,qs as default};
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br></div></div><ul><li> <code>&quot;&quot;</code><code>&quot;&quot;</code><code>&quot;&quot;</code><code>&quot;&quot;</code>使 ASCII </li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p></p><ul><li> MSVC 使 Windows使 GBK </li><li>GCCLLVM/Clang 使使 UTF-8 使 UTF-8 使 GBK 使 GBK </li></ul></div><h3 id="_3-3-4-" tabindex="-1">3.3.4 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-3-4-" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.3.4 &quot;"></a></h3><ul><li> <code>char</code> C 使 <code>ASCII</code> </li><li> <code>wchar_t</code> <code></code><code></code> C 使 <code>UTF-16</code> <code>UTF-32</code> Unicode </li><li> <code>char</code> <code></code> MSVC 使GCCLLVM/Clang 使</li><li> 使 <ul><li><code>&lt;stdio.h&gt;</code> <code>putchar</code><code>puts</code><code>printf</code> </li><li><code>&lt;wchar.h&gt;</code> <code>putwchar</code><code>wprintf</code> </li></ul></li></ul><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><ul><li> C </li><li> C++ JavaPython C++ <code>std::string</code> Java <code>String</code>便Java <code>String</code> Python <code>str</code> Unicode</li></ul></div><h3 id="_3-3-5-" tabindex="-1">3.3.5 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-3-5-" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.3.5 &quot;"></a></h3><ul><li>使<code></code>使</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>使便使 UTF-8</p></div><ul><li>使<code></code>使</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>UTF-16 UTF-32 </p></div><ul><li><code></code><code></code><code></code><code></code><code></code><code></code></li></ul>`,374);function us(bs,ms,Cs,As,Bs,Ds){return l(),n("div",null,[ps,s("p",null,[s("mjx-container",ts,[(l(),n("svg",hs,ks)),ds])]),s("ul",null,[s("li",null,[s("p",null,[i(""),s("mjx-container",rs,[(l(),n("svg",cs,gs)),os])])]),Fs]),ys])}const qs=p(ls,[["render",us]]);export{Ts as __pageData,qs as default};

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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">[boot]</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">systemd=true</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">EOF</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/177.FJeffiE3.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>③ 重启 WSL 实例:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">wsl</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --shutdown</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 在 win 中的 cmd 或 PowerShell 执行该命令</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/178.Bee0LcNX.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>④ 查看是否启用成功:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">ps</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -p</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 1</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> comm=</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/179.BDqd1eDo.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-39a288b8 data-v-e257564d><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-e257564d><!----><div class="last-updated" data-v-e257564d><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-e257564d data-v-e98dd255>上次更新: <time datetime="2024-08-27T03:11:14.000Z" data-v-e98dd255></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" aria-labelledby="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d>Pager</span><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link prev" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/00_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>上一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>编程基础</span><!--]--></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link next" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/02_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>下一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>变量和进制</span><!--]--></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-5d98c3a5 data-v-e315a0ad><div class="container" data-v-e315a0ad><p class="message" data-v-e315a0ad>Released under the MIT License.</p><p class="copyright" data-v-e315a0ad>Copyright © 2024 许大仙</p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>项目构建工具</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><section class="VPSidebarItem level-1 collapsible collapsed" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h3 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>meson</h3><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-2 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/03_build/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>meson 入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section><section class="VPSidebarItem level-1 collapsible collapsed" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h3 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Cmake</h3><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-2 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/03_build/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Cmake 入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/03_build/01_${commonDirectoryName}/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Conan </p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><section class="VPSidebarItem level-1 collapsible collapsed" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h3 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Gradle</h3><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-2 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/03_build/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Gradle 入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Linux</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/04_linux/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Linux 初识和安装</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 基础</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/02_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>变量、数据类型、运算符</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/03_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>流程控制</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/04_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>数组</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/05_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>指针</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/06_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/07_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>自定义数据类型</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/08_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>类和对象</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/09_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 引用</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/10_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>继承和派生</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/11_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 多态和虚函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/12_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>运算符重载</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/13_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>模板</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/14_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 异常</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/15_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>面向对象进阶</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/16_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>文件操作和 IO 流</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/17_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>STL标准模板库</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><div class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 高级</p><!----></div><!----></div></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><div class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>QT 桌面开发</p><!----></div><!----></div></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><div class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Linux 高并发服务器开发</p><!----></div><!----></div></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-5d98c3a5 data-v-1428d186><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-1428d186 data-v-39a288b8><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-39a288b8><div class="aside" data-v-39a288b8><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-39a288b8></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-39a288b8><div class="aside-content" data-v-39a288b8><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-39a288b8 data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" class="VPDocAsideOutline" data-v-3f215769 data-v-a5bbad30><div class="content" data-v-a5bbad30><div class="outline-marker" data-v-a5bbad30></div><div aria-level="2" class="outline-title" id="doc-outline-aria-label" role="heading" data-v-a5bbad30>目录</div><ul class="VPDocOutlineItem root" data-v-a5bbad30 data-v-b933a997><!--[--><!--]--></ul></div></nav><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-39a288b8><div class="content-container" data-v-39a288b8><!--[--><!--]--><main class="main" data-v-39a288b8><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _c_notes_01_c-basic_02_xdx_" data-v-39a288b8><div><h1 id="第一章-变量-⭐" tabindex="-1">第一章:变量(⭐) <a class="header-anchor" href="#第一章-变量-⭐" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;第一章:变量(⭐)&quot;"></a></h1><h2 id="_1-1-程序中变化的数据" tabindex="-1">1.1 程序中变化的数据 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-1-程序中变化的数据" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.1 程序中变化的数据&quot;"></a></h2><ul><li>在生活中,我们使用最多的不是固定的数据,而是会变化的数据: <ul><li>① 购物车商品的<code>数量</code><code>价格</code>等。</li><li>② 一首歌<code>播放的时间</code><code>进度条</code><code>歌词的展示</code>等。</li><li>③ 微信聊天中<code>消息条数</code><code>时间</code><code>语音的长度</code><code>头像</code><code>名称</code>等。</li><li>④ 游戏中技能的<code>冷却时间</code><code>血量</code><code>蓝量</code><code>buff 时间</code><code>金币的数量</code>等。</li><li>……</li></ul></li></ul><ul><li>下图是一个<code>购物车</code><code>变化</code><code>数据</code>,即:</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/1.CXNJqOOc.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>那么,在实际开发中,我们就会使用<code>变量</code><code>保存</code><code>操作</code>这些<code>变化</code><code>数据</code></li></ul><h2 id="_1-2-变量" tabindex="-1">1.2 变量 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-变量" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.2 变量&quot;"></a></h2><ul><li>变量的定义:变量是程序中不可或缺的组成单位,最基本的存储单元。其实,变量就是一个存储数据的临时空间,可以向其中存储不同类型的数据,如:整数、小数、字符、字符串等,并且变量中的数据在程序运行的时候可以动态改变。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li><code>变量</code>:用来<code>存储数据</code><code>容器</code></li><li><code>数据</code>:可以是一个用来计算的<code>数字</code>,如:上文购物车中的<code>价格</code>等;也可以是一句话中的<code>关键词</code><code>其它任意格式的数据</code></li><li>变量的<code>特别</code>之处就在于<code>它存放的数据是可以改变</code>的。</li></ul></div><ul><li>我们可以将<code>变量</code>想象为一个<code>容器</code>,盒子中<code>装的</code>就是我们想要的<code>数据</code>,并且我们需要<code></code>盒子<code></code>一个<code>特别的名称</code>;通过这个<code>特别的名称</code>,我们可以<code></code>盒子<code>添加数据</code><code>移除数据</code>,这个<code>特别的名称</code>就是<code>变量名</code></li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/2.E0LS08Y5.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li><code>变量</code>是内存中的一个<code>存储区域</code>,该区域的数据可以在<code>同一类型</code>范围内<code>不断变化</code></li><li>② 通过<code>变量名</code>,可以<code>操作</code>这块内存区域,向其中<code>存储数据</code><code>获取数据</code>以及<code>移除数据</code></li><li>③ 变量的构成包含三个要素:<code>数据类型</code><code>变量名</code><code>需要存储的数据</code></li><li>④ 在生活中,我们会经常说:这件衣服的价格是 <code>100整型</code> 元,这双鞋子的价格是 <code>250.5(小数,浮点类型)</code> 元,<code>今天天气真好(字符串类型)</code>之类的话;在计算机科学中,这些都是数据,并且它们是有类型,即:数据类型。(数据类型用于定义变量所能存储的数据的种类以及可以对这些数据进行的操作的一种分类,每种数据类型都有特定的属性和用途,它们决定了变量在内存中如何表示和存储,以及变量可以执行哪些操作)</li></ul></div><h2 id="_1-3-变量的声明和使用" tabindex="-1">1.3 变量的声明和使用 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-3-变量的声明和使用" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.3 变量的声明和使用&quot;"></a></h2><ul><li>① 变量必须先声明,后使用。</li><li>② 可以先声明变量再赋值,也可以在声明变量的同时进行赋值。</li><li>③ 变量的值可以在同一类型范围内不断变化。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 在实际开发中,我们通常都会在声明变量的同时,给其赋值,这被称为初始化。</li><li>② 如果不在声明变量的同时,进行初始化,默认情况下,系统会赋予的随机值,我们也称为垃圾值。</li><li>③ 其实,变量既可以声明在 <code>main()</code> 函数的外面,称为<code>全局变量</code>;也可以声明在 <code>main()</code> 函数的立马,称为<code>局部变量</code>。使用未初始化的局部变量有很多风险,很多编译器会给出警告,提醒程序员注意。</li></ul></div><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><ul><li>① C 语言的编译器,在程序员在使用未初始化的局部变量会有警告的原因就是:变量声明的时候,会给变量分配一块内存空间,如果不对变量进行初始化,那么就意味着不对这块内存空间进行写入操作,那么这块内存空间的数据将保持不变。但是,这个内存空间的数据是哪里来的?是当前程序之前运行产生的,还是其它程序之前运行产生的,我们一无所知。由此可知,如果不进行初始化,那么变量对应的内存空间的数据是毫无意义的,是随机值,是垃圾值,没有任何价值。所以,建议在声明局部变量的同时进行初始化操作。</li><li>② 在实际开发中,声明局部变量的时候,必须进行初始化操作,以便能够减少潜在的错误并提高代码的稳定性。</li></ul></div><ul><li>示例:先声明,再使用</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &lt;stdio.h&gt;</span></span>
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class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C 语言高级</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-advance/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>变量和内存分布</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-advance/02_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>指针强化</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-advance/03_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>结构体和文件的高级用法</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-advance/04_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>链表和回调函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-advance/05_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>编译过程和面向接口</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>项目构建工具</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><section class="VPSidebarItem level-1 collapsible collapsed" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h3 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>meson</h3><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-2 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/03_build/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>meson 入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section><section class="VPSidebarItem level-1 collapsible collapsed" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h3 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Cmake</h3><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-2 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/03_build/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Cmake 入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/03_build/01_${commonDirectoryName}/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Conan </p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><section class="VPSidebarItem level-1 collapsible collapsed" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h3 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Gradle</h3><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-2 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/03_build/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Gradle 入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Linux</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/04_linux/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Linux 初识和安装</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 基础</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/02_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>变量、数据类型、运算符</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/03_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>流程控制</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/04_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>数组</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/05_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>指针</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/06_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/07_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>自定义数据类型</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/08_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>类和对象</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/09_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 引用</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/10_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>继承和派生</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/11_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 多态和虚函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/12_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>运算符重载</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/13_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>模板</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/14_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 异常</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/15_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>面向对象进阶</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/16_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>文件操作和 IO 流</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/17_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>STL标准模板库</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><div class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 高级</p><!----></div><!----></div></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><div class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>QT 桌面开发</p><!----></div><!----></div></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><div class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Linux 高并发服务器开发</p><!----></div><!----></div></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-5d98c3a5 data-v-1428d186><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-1428d186 data-v-39a288b8><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-39a288b8><div class="aside" data-v-39a288b8><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-39a288b8></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-39a288b8><div class="aside-content" data-v-39a288b8><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-39a288b8 data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" class="VPDocAsideOutline" data-v-3f215769 data-v-a5bbad30><div class="content" data-v-a5bbad30><div class="outline-marker" data-v-a5bbad30></div><div aria-level="2" class="outline-title" id="doc-outline-aria-label" role="heading" data-v-a5bbad30>目录</div><ul class="VPDocOutlineItem root" data-v-a5bbad30 data-v-b933a997><!--[--><!--]--></ul></div></nav><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-39a288b8><div class="content-container" data-v-39a288b8><!--[--><!--]--><main class="main" data-v-39a288b8><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _c_notes_01_c-basic_02_xdx_" data-v-39a288b8><div><h1 id="第一章-变量-⭐" tabindex="-1">第一章:变量(⭐) <a class="header-anchor" href="#第一章-变量-⭐" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;第一章:变量(⭐)&quot;"></a></h1><h2 id="_1-1-程序中变化的数据" tabindex="-1">1.1 程序中变化的数据 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-1-程序中变化的数据" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.1 程序中变化的数据&quot;"></a></h2><ul><li>在生活中,我们使用最多的不是固定的数据,而是会变化的数据: <ul><li>① 购物车商品的<code>数量</code><code>价格</code>等。</li><li>② 一首歌<code>播放的时间</code><code>进度条</code><code>歌词的展示</code>等。</li><li>③ 微信聊天中<code>消息条数</code><code>时间</code><code>语音的长度</code><code>头像</code><code>名称</code>等。</li><li>④ 游戏中技能的<code>冷却时间</code><code>血量</code><code>蓝量</code><code>buff 时间</code><code>金币的数量</code>等。</li><li>……</li></ul></li></ul><ul><li>下图是一个<code>购物车</code><code>变化</code><code>数据</code>,即:</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/1.CXNJqOOc.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>那么,在实际开发中,我们就会使用<code>变量</code><code>保存</code><code>操作</code>这些<code>变化</code><code>数据</code></li></ul><h2 id="_1-2-变量" tabindex="-1">1.2 变量 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-变量" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.2 变量&quot;"></a></h2><ul><li>变量的定义:变量是程序中不可或缺的组成单位,最基本的存储单元。其实,变量就是一个存储数据的临时空间,可以向其中存储不同类型的数据,如:整数、小数、字符、字符串等,并且变量中的数据在程序运行的时候可以动态改变。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li><code>变量</code>:用来<code>存储数据</code><code>容器</code></li><li><code>数据</code>:可以是一个用来计算的<code>数字</code>,如:上文购物车中的<code>价格</code>等;也可以是一句话中的<code>关键词</code><code>其它任意格式的数据</code></li><li>变量的<code>特别</code>之处就在于<code>它存放的数据是可以改变</code>的。</li></ul></div><ul><li>我们可以将<code>变量</code>想象为一个<code>容器</code>,盒子中<code>装的</code>就是我们想要的<code>数据</code>,并且我们需要<code></code>盒子<code></code>一个<code>特别的名称</code>;通过这个<code>特别的名称</code>,我们可以<code></code>盒子<code>添加数据</code><code>移除数据</code>,这个<code>特别的名称</code>就是<code>变量名</code></li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/2.E0LS08Y5.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li><code>变量</code>是内存中的一个<code>存储区域</code>,该区域的数据可以在<code>同一类型</code>范围内<code>不断变化</code></li><li>② 通过<code>变量名</code>,可以<code>操作</code>这块内存区域,向其中<code>存储数据</code><code>获取数据</code>以及<code>移除数据</code></li><li>③ 变量的构成包含三个要素:<code>数据类型</code><code>变量名</code><code>需要存储的数据</code></li><li>④ 在生活中,我们会经常说:这件衣服的价格是 <code>100整型</code> 元,这双鞋子的价格是 <code>250.5(小数,浮点类型)</code> 元,<code>今天天气真好(字符串类型)</code>之类的话;在计算机科学中,这些都是数据,并且它们是有类型,即:数据类型。(数据类型用于定义变量所能存储的数据的种类以及可以对这些数据进行的操作的一种分类,每种数据类型都有特定的属性和用途,它们决定了变量在内存中如何表示和存储,以及变量可以执行哪些操作)</li></ul></div><h2 id="_1-3-变量的声明和使用" tabindex="-1">1.3 变量的声明和使用 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-3-变量的声明和使用" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.3 变量的声明和使用&quot;"></a></h2><ul><li>① 变量必须先声明,后使用。</li><li>② 可以先声明变量再赋值,也可以在声明变量的同时进行赋值。</li><li>③ 变量的值可以在同一类型范围内不断变化。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 在实际开发中,我们通常都会在声明变量的同时,给其赋值,这被称为初始化。</li><li>② 如果不在声明变量的同时,进行初始化,默认情况下,系统会赋予的随机值,我们也称为垃圾值。</li><li>③ 其实,变量既可以声明在 <code>main()</code> 函数的外面,称为<code>全局变量</code>;也可以声明在 <code>main()</code> 函数的立马,称为<code>局部变量</code>。使用未初始化的局部变量有很多风险,很多编译器会给出警告,提醒程序员注意。</li></ul></div><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><ul><li>① C 语言的编译器,在程序员在使用未初始化的局部变量会有警告的原因就是:变量声明的时候,会给变量分配一块内存空间,如果不对变量进行初始化,那么就意味着不对这块内存空间进行写入操作,那么这块内存空间的数据将保持不变。但是,这个内存空间的数据是哪里来的?是当前程序之前运行产生的,还是其它程序之前运行产生的,我们一无所知。由此可知,如果不进行初始化,那么变量对应的内存空间的数据是毫无意义的,是随机值,是垃圾值,没有任何价值。所以,建议在声明局部变量的同时进行初始化操作。</li><li>② 在实际开发中,声明局部变量的时候,必须进行初始化操作,以便能够减少潜在的错误并提高代码的稳定性。</li><li>③ 在很多编程语言Java ,如果局部变量没有进行初始化操作,将会在编译阶段报错。</li></ul></div><ul><li>示例:先声明,再使用</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &lt;stdio.h&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> main</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
@ -291,8 +291,8 @@
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;b=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">%u\n</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, num);</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> // b=4294967286</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br></div></div><ul><li>其实C 语言的底层逻辑很简单C 语言压根不关心你定义的是有符号数还是无符号数,它只关心内存(如果定义的是有符号数,那就按照有符号数的规则来存储;如果定义的是无符号数,那就按照无符号数的规则来存储)。换言之,有符号数可以按照无符号数的规则来输出,无符号数也可以按照有符号数的规则来输出,至于输出结果对不对,那是程序员的事情,和 C 语言没有任何关系。</li></ul><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><ul><li>① 实际开发中,<code>printf</code> 函数中的常量、变量或表达式,需要和格式占位符一一对应;否则,将会出现数据错误的现象。</li><li>② 正因为上述的原因很多现代化的编程语言Java 等,直接取消了无符号的概念。但是,很多数据库是使用 C 语言开发的MySQL 等,就提供了创建数据表的字段为无符号类型的功能,即:<code>UNSIGNED</code>(正整数) ,不要感觉困惑!!!</li><li>③ 对于 <code>1000 0000 …… 0000 0000</code> 这个特殊的补码,无法按照上述的方法转换为原码,所以计算机直接规定这个补码对应的值就是 <code>-2³¹</code>,至于为什么,下节我们会详细分析。</li></ul></div></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-39a288b8 data-v-e257564d><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-e257564d><!----><div class="last-updated" data-v-e257564d><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-e257564d data-v-e98dd255>上次更新: <time datetime="2024-08-28T00:57:36.000Z" data-v-e98dd255></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" aria-labelledby="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d>Pager</span><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link prev" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/01_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>上一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>C 语言入门</span><!--]--></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link next" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/03_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>下一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>数据类型和运算符</span><!--]--></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-5d98c3a5 data-v-e315a0ad><div class="container" data-v-e315a0ad><p class="message" data-v-e315a0ad>Released under the MIT License.</p><p class="copyright" data-v-e315a0ad>Copyright © 2024 许大仙</p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br></div></div><ul><li>其实C 语言的底层逻辑很简单C 语言压根不关心你定义的是有符号数还是无符号数,它只关心内存(如果定义的是有符号数,那就按照有符号数的规则来存储;如果定义的是无符号数,那就按照无符号数的规则来存储)。换言之,有符号数可以按照无符号数的规则来输出,无符号数也可以按照有符号数的规则来输出,至于输出结果对不对,那是程序员的事情,和 C 语言没有任何关系。</li></ul><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><ul><li>① 实际开发中,<code>printf</code> 函数中的常量、变量或表达式,需要和格式占位符一一对应;否则,将会出现数据错误的现象。</li><li>② 正因为上述的原因很多现代化的编程语言Java 等,直接取消了无符号的概念。但是,很多数据库是使用 C 语言开发的MySQL 等,就提供了创建数据表的字段为无符号类型的功能,即:<code>UNSIGNED</code>(正整数) ,不要感觉困惑!!!</li><li>③ 对于 <code>1000 0000 …… 0000 0000</code> 这个特殊的补码,无法按照上述的方法转换为原码,所以计算机直接规定这个补码对应的值就是 <code>-2³¹</code>,至于为什么,下节我们会详细分析。</li></ul></div></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-39a288b8 data-v-e257564d><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-e257564d><!----><div class="last-updated" data-v-e257564d><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-e257564d data-v-e98dd255>上次更新: <time datetime="2024-08-28T01:09:24.000Z" data-v-e98dd255></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" aria-labelledby="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d>Pager</span><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link prev" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/01_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>上一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>C 语言入门</span><!--]--></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link next" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/03_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>下一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>数据类型和运算符</span><!--]--></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-5d98c3a5 data-v-e315a0ad><div class="container" data-v-e315a0ad><p class="message" data-v-e315a0ad>Released under the MIT License.</p><p class="copyright" data-v-e315a0ad>Copyright © 2024 许大仙</p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;result = </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">%d\n</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, result);</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> // result = 110</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div><h2 id="_2-8-运算符优先级" tabindex="-1">2.8 运算符优先级 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-8-运算符优先级" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.8 运算符优先级&quot;"></a></h2><ul><li>C 语言中运算符的优先级,如下所示:</li></ul><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th><strong>优先级</strong></th><th><strong>运算符</strong></th><th><strong>名称或含义</strong></th><th><strong>结合方向</strong></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>1</strong></td><td><code>[]</code></td><td>数组下标</td><td>➡️(从左到右)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>()</code></td><td>圆括号</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>.</code></td><td>成员选择(对象)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>-&gt;</code></td><td>成员选择(指针)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>2</strong></td><td><code>-</code></td><td>负号运算符</td><td>⬅️(从右到左)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>(类型)</code></td><td>强制类型转换</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>++</code></td><td>自增运算符</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>--</code></td><td>自减运算符</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>*</code></td><td>取值运算符</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>&amp;</code></td><td>取地址运算符</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>!</code></td><td>逻辑非运算符</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>~</code></td><td>按位取反运算符</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>sizeof</code></td><td>长度运算符</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>3</strong></td><td><code>/</code></td><td></td><td>➡️(从左到右)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>*</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>%</code></td><td>余数(取模)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>4</strong></td><td><code>+</code></td><td></td><td>➡️(从左到右)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>-</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>5</strong></td><td><code>&lt;&lt;</code></td><td>左移</td><td>➡️(从左到右)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>&gt;&gt;</code></td><td>右移</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>6</strong></td><td><code>&gt;</code></td><td>大于</td><td>➡️(从左到右)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>&gt;=</code></td><td>大于等于</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>&lt;</code></td><td>小于</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>&lt;=</code></td><td>小于等于</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>7</strong></td><td><code>==</code></td><td>等于</td><td>➡️(从左到右)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>!=</code></td><td>不等于</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>8</strong></td><td><code>&amp;</code></td><td>按位与</td><td>➡️(从左到右)</td></tr><tr><td><strong>9</strong></td><td><code>^</code></td><td>按位异或</td><td>➡️(从左到右)</td></tr><tr><td><strong>10</strong></td><td><code>|</code></td><td>按位或</td><td>➡️(从左到右)</td></tr><tr><td><strong>11</strong></td><td><code>&amp;&amp;</code></td><td>逻辑与</td><td>➡️(从左到右)</td></tr><tr><td><strong>12</strong></td><td><code>||</code></td><td>逻辑或</td><td>➡️(从左到右)</td></tr><tr><td><strong>13</strong></td><td><code>?:</code></td><td>条件运算符</td><td>⬅️(从右到左)</td></tr><tr><td><strong>14</strong></td><td><code>=</code></td><td>赋值运算符</td><td>⬅️(从右到左)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>/=</code></td><td>除后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>*=</code></td><td>乘后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>%=</code></td><td>取模后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>+=</code></td><td>加后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>-=</code></td><td>减后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>&lt;&lt;=</code></td><td>左移后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>&gt;&gt;=</code></td><td>右移后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>&amp;=</code></td><td>按位与后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>^=</code></td><td>按位异或后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>|=</code></td><td>按位或后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>15</strong></td><td><code>,</code></td><td>逗号运算符</td><td>➡️(从左到右)</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="warning custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">WARNING</p><p></p><ul><li>① 不要过多的依赖运算符的优先级来控制表达式的执行顺序,这样可读性太差,尽量<code>使用小括号来控制</code>表达式的执行顺序。</li><li>② 不要把一个表达式写得过于复杂,如果一个表达式过于复杂,则把它<code>分成几步</code>来完成。</li><li>③ 运算符优先级不用刻意地去记忆,总体上:一元运算符 &gt; 算术运算符 &gt; 关系运算符 &gt; 逻辑运算符 &gt; 三元运算符 &gt; 赋值运算符。</li></ul></div><h1 id="第三章-附录" tabindex="-1">第三章:附录 <a class="header-anchor" href="#第三章-附录" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;第三章:附录&quot;"></a></h1><h2 id="_3-1-字符集和字符集编码" tabindex="-1">3.1 字符集和字符集编码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-1-字符集和字符集编码" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.1 字符集和字符集编码&quot;"></a></h2><h3 id="_3-3-1-概述" tabindex="-1">3.3.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-3-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.3.1 概述&quot;"></a></h3><ul><li>字符集和字符集编码(简称编码)计算机系统中处理文本数据的两个基本概念,它们密切相关但又有区别。</li><li>字符集Character Set是一组字符的集合其中每个字符都被分配了一个<code>唯一的编号</code>(通常是数字)。字符可以是字母、数字、符号、控制代码(如换行符)等。<code>字符集定义了可以表示的字符的范围</code>,但它并不直接定义如何将这些字符存储在计算机中。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>ASCII美国信息交换标准代码是最早期和最简单的字符集之一它只包括了英文字母、数字和一些特殊字符共 128 个字符。每个字符都分配给了一个从 0 到 127 的数字。</p></div><ul><li>字符集编码Character Encoding简称编码是一种方案或方法<code>它定义了如何将字符集中的字符转换为计算机存储和传输的数据(通常是一串二进制数字)</code>。简而言之,编码是字符到二进制数据之间的映射规则。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>ASCII 编码方案定义了如何将 ASCII 字符集中的每个字符表示为 7 位的二进制数字。例如:大写字母<code>&#39;A&#39;</code>在 ASCII 编码中表示为二进制的<code>1000001</code>,十进制的 <code>65</code></p></div><ul><li><code>字符集</code><code>字符集编码</code>之间的关系如下:</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/35.CGTVELeO.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>Linux 中安装帮助手册:</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/36.Bz4_lEH0.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_3-3-2-ascii-编码" tabindex="-1">3.3.2 ASCII 编码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-3-2-ascii-编码" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.3.2 ASCII 编码&quot;"></a></h3><ul><li><code>冯·诺依曼</code>体系结构中,我们知道,计算机中所有的<code>数据</code><code>指令</code>都是以<code>二进制</code>的形式表示的;所以,计算机中对于文本数据的数据也是以二进制来存储的,那么对应的流程如下:</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/37.CcDWE4nn.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>我们知道,计算机是上个世纪 60 年代在美国研制成功的,为了实现字符和二进制的转换,美国就制定了一套字符编码,即英语字符和二进制位之间的关系,即 ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange编码 <ul><li>ASCII 编码只包括了英文字符、数字和一些特殊字符,一共 128 个字符,并且每个字符都分配了唯一的数字,范围是 0 - 127。</li><li>ASCII 编码中的每个字符都使用 7 位的二进制数字表示;但是,计算机中的存储的最小单位是 1 B = 8 位,那么最高位统一规定为 0 。</li></ul></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 其实,早期是没有字符集的概念的,只是后来为了解决乱码问题,而产生了字符集的概念。</li><li>② 对于英文体系来说,<code>a-zA-Z0-9</code>以及一些<code>特殊字符</code>一共 <code>128</code> 就可以满足实际存储需求;所以,在也是为什么 ASCII 码使用 7 位二进制2^7 = 128 )来存储的。</li></ul></div><ul><li>在操作系统中就内置了对应的编码表Linux 也不例外;可以使用如下的命令查看:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">man</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> ascii</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/38.B7y2_JVX.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>其对应的 ASCII 编码表,如下所示:</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/39.Btcc3rs2.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>但是,随着计算机的发展,计算机开始了东征之路,由美国传播到东方:</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/40.CR4ARW8y.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>先是传播到了欧洲,欧洲在兼容 ASCII 编码的基础上,推出了 ISO8859-1 编码,即: <ul><li>ISO8859-1 编码包括基本的拉丁字母表、数字、标点符号,以及西欧语言中特有的一些字符,如:法语中的 <code>è</code>、德语中的 <code>ü</code> 等。</li><li>ISO 8859-1 为每个字符分配一个单字节8 位)编码,意味着它可以表示最多 256 2^8个不同的字符编号从 0 到 255</li><li>ISO 8859-1 的前 128 个字符与 ASCII 编码完全一致,这使得 ASCII 编码的文本可以无缝转换为 ISO 8859-1 编码。</li></ul></li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/39.Btcc3rs2.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/42.DOX3ymYP.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>计算机继续传播到了亚洲,亚洲(双字节)各个国家分别给出了自己国家对应的字符集编码,如: <ul><li>日本推出了 Shift-JIS 编码: <ul><li>单字节 ASCII 范围0 - 127。</li><li>双字节范围: <ul><li>第一个字节129 - 159 和 224 - 239 。</li><li>第二个字节64 - 126 和 128 - 252 。</li></ul></li></ul></li><li>韩国推出了 EUC-KR 编码: <ul><li>单字节 ASCII 范围0 - 127。</li><li>双字节范围:从 41281 - 65278。</li></ul></li><li>中国推出了 GBK 编码: <ul><li>单字节 ASCII 范围0 - 127。</li><li>双字节范围33088 - 65278 。</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 通过上面日本、韩国、中国的编码十进制范围,我们可以看到,虽然这些编码系统在技术上的编码范围存在重叠(特别是在高位字节区域),但因为它们各自支持的字符集完全不同,所以实际上它们并不直接冲突。</li><li>② 但是,如果一个中国人通过 GBK 编码写的文章,通过邮件发送给韩国人,因为韩国和中国在字符集编码上的高位字节有重叠部分,必然会造成歧义。</li></ul></div><h3 id="_3-3-3-unicode-编码" tabindex="-1">3.3.3 Unicode 编码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-3-3-unicode-编码" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.3.3 Unicode 编码&quot;"></a></h3><ul><li><p>在 Unicode 之前世界上存在着数百种不同的编码系统每一种编码系统都是为了支持特定语言或一组语言的字符集。这些编码系统包括ASCII、ISO 8859 系列、GBK、Shift-JIS、EUC-KR 等,它们各自有不同的字符范围和编码方式。这种多样性虽然在局部范围内解决了字符表示的问题,但也带来了以下几个方面的挑战:</p><ul><li><code>编码冲突</code>:由于不同的编码系统可以为相同的字节值分配不同的字符,因此在不同编码之间转换文本时,如果没有正确处理编码信息,就很容易产生乱码。这种编码冲突在尝试处理多种语言的文本时尤为突出。</li><li><code>编码的复杂性</code>:随着全球化的发展,软件和系统需要支持越来越多的语言,这就要求开发者和系统同时处理多种不同的编码系统。这不仅增加了开发和维护的复杂性,而且也增加了出错的风险。</li><li><code>资源限制</code>:在早期计算机技术中,内存和存储资源相对有限。不同的编码标准要求系统存储多套字符集数据,这无疑增加了对有限资源的消耗。</li><li>……</li></ul></li><li><p>针对上述的种种问题为了推行全球化Unicode 应运而生Unicode 的核心规则和设计原则是建立一个全球统一的字符集,使得世界上所有的文字和符号都能被唯一地识别和使用,无论使用者位于何地或使用何种语言。这套规则包括了字符的编码、表示、处理和转换机制,旨在确保不同系统和软件间能够无缝交换和处理文本数据。</p><ul><li><code>通用字符集 (UCS)</code>Unicode 为每一个字符分配一个唯一的编号(称为<code>“码点”</code>)。这些码点被组织在一个统一的字符集中,官方称之为 “通用字符集”Universal Character SetUCS。码点通常表示为 <code>U+</code> 后跟一个十六进制数,例如:<code>U+0041</code> 代表大写的英文字母 <code>“A”</code></li><li><code>编码平面和区段</code>Unicode 码点被划分为多个 “平面Planes每个平面包含 6553616^4个码点。目前Unicode定义了 17 个平面(从 0 到16每个平面被分配了一个编号从 “基本多文种平面BMP” 的 0 开始,到 16 号平面结束。这意味着 Unicode 理论上可以支持超过 110万17*65536个码点。</li></ul></li><li><p>Unicode 仅仅只是字符集,给每个字符设置了唯一的数字编号而已,却没有给出这些数字编号实际如何存储,可以通过如下命令查看:</p></li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/43.Cie9_tkP.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>为了在计算机系统中表示 Unicode 字符,定义了几种编码方案,这些方案包括 UTF-8、UTF-16 和 UTF-32 等。 <ul><li><strong>UTF-8</strong>:使用 1 - 4 个字节表示每个 Unicode 字符,兼容 ASCII是网络上最常用的编码。</li><li><strong>UTF-16</strong>:使用 2 - 4 个字节表示每个 Unicode 字符,适合于需要经常处理基本多文种平面之外字符的应用。</li><li><strong>UTF-32</strong>:使用固定的 4 个字节表示每个 Unicode 字符,简化了字符处理,但增加了存储空间的需求。</li></ul></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 只有 UTF-8 兼容 ASCIIUTF-32 和 UTF-16 都不兼容 ASCII因为它们没有单字节编码。 <ul><li>UTF-8 使用尽量少的字节来存储一个字符不但能够节省存储空间而且在网络传输时也能节省流量所以很多纯文本类型的文件各种编程语言的源文件、各种日志文件和配置文件等以及绝大多数的网页百度、新浪、163 等都采用 UTF-8 编码。但是UTF-8 的缺点是效率低,不但在存储和读取时都要经过转换,而且在处理字符串时也非常麻烦。例如:要在一个 UTF-8 编码的字符串中找到第 10 个字符,就得从头开始一个一个地检索字符,这是一个很耗时的过程,因为 UTF-8 编码的字符串中每个字符占用的字节数不一样,如果不从头遍历每个字符,就不知道第 10 个字符位于第几个字节处就无法定位。不过随着算法的逐年精进UTF-8 字符串的定位效率也越来越高了,往往不再是槽点了。</li><li>UTF-32 是“以空间换效率”,正好弥补了 UTF-8 的缺点UTF-32 的优势就是效率高UTF-32 在存储和读取字符时不需要任何转换,在处理字符串时也能最快速地定位字符。例如:在一个 UTF-32 编码的字符串中查找第 10 个字符,很容易计算出它位于第 37 个字节处直接获取就行不用再逐个遍历字符了没有比这更快的定位字符的方法了。但是UTF-32 的缺点也很明显,就是太占用存储空间了,在网络传输时也会消耗很多流量。我们平常使用的字符编码值一般都比较小,用一两个字节存储足以,用四个字节简直是暴殄天物,甚至说是不能容忍的,所以 UTF-32 在应用上不如 UTF-8 和 UTF-16 广泛。</li><li>UTF-16 可以看做是 UTF-8 和 UTF-32 的折中方案,它平衡了存储空间和处理效率的矛盾。对于常用的字符,用两个字节存储足以,这个时候 UTF-16 是不需要转换的,直接存储字符的编码值即可。</li></ul></li><li>② 总而言之,<strong>UTF-8</strong> 编码兼容性强,适合大多数应用,特别是英文文本处理。<strong>UTF-16</strong> 编码适合处理大量亚洲字符,但在处理英文或其他拉丁字符时相对浪费空间。<strong>UTF-32</strong>编码简单直接,但非常浪费空间,适合需要固定字符宽度的特殊场景。</li><li>③ 在实际应用中UTF-8 通常是最常用的编码方式,因为它在兼容性和空间效率之间提供了良好的平衡。</li></ul></div><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><ul><li>① Windows 内核、.NET Framework、Java String 内部采用的都是 <code>UTF-16</code> 编码,主要原因是为了在兼顾字符处理效率的同时,能够有效处理多种语言的字符集,即:历史遗留问题、兼容性要求和多语言支持的需要。</li><li>② 不过UNIX 家族的操作系统Linux、Mac OS、iOS 等)内核都采用 <code>UTF-8</code> 编码,主要是为了兼容性和灵活性,因为 UTF-8 编码可以无缝处理 ASCII 字符,同时也能够支持多字节的 Unicode 字符,即:为了最大限度地兼容 ASCII同时保持系统的简单性、灵活性和效率。</li></ul></div><ul><li><code>Unicode 字符集</code>和对应的<code>UTF-8 字符编码</code>之间的关系,如下所示:</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/44.DLjH9Ges.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p><code>宽字符</code><code>窄字符</code>是编程和计算机系统中对字符类型的一种分类,主要用于描述字符在内存中的表示形式及其与编码方式的关系。</p><ul><li><code>窄字符</code>通常指使用单个字节8 位)来表示的字符。在许多传统的编码系统中,窄字符通常代表 ASCII 字符或其它单字节字符集中的字符。换言之,<code>窄字符</code>适合处理简单的单字节字符集ASCII适用于处理西方语言的应用。</li><li><code>宽字符</code>指使用多个字节(通常是两个或更多)来表示的字符。这些字符通常用于表示比 ASCII 范围更广的字符集,如 Unicode 字符。换言之,<code>宽字符</code>适合处理多字节字符集UTF-32、UTF-16 等,适用于需要处理多种语言和符号的国际化应用。</li></ul><p>在现代编程中,<code>窄字符</code>通常与 <code>UTF-8</code> 编码关联,特别是在处理文本输入、输出和网络传输时。尽管 <code>UTF-8</code> 是变长编码,由于其高效的空间利用和对 <code>ASCII</code> 的优化,通常与<code>窄字符</code>概念关联。而<code>宽字符</code>通常与 <code>UTF-16</code> 编码或 <code>UTF-32</code>编码关联,这些编码使用更大的固定或半固定长度来表示字符,适合处理更大的字符集。</p></div><h2 id="_3-2-wsl2-中设置默认编码为中文" tabindex="-1">3.2 WSL2 中设置默认编码为中文 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-2-wsl2-中设置默认编码为中文" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.2 WSL2 中设置默认编码为中文&quot;"></a></h2><h3 id="_3-2-1-概述" tabindex="-1">3.2.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-2-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.2.1 概述&quot;"></a></h3><ul><li>查看 WSL2 的 Linux 发行版的默认编码:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">echo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> $LANG</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/45.DhSh546m.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p><code>C.UTF-8</code> 是一种字符编码设置,结合了 <code>C</code> 区域设定和 <code>UTF-8</code> 字符编码。</p><ul><li><strong>C 区域设定</strong>:这是一个标准的、最小化的区域设置,通常用于系统默认的语言环境。<code>C</code> 区域设定下,所有字符都被认为是 ASCII 字符集的一部分,这意味着仅支持基本的英文字符和符号。在 <code>C</code> 区域设定中,字符串的排序和比较是基于简单的二进制值比较,这与本地化的语言设置相比相对简单。</li><li><strong>UTF-8 编码</strong>UTF-8 是一种变长的字符编码方式,可以编码所有的 Unicode 字符。它是一种广泛使用的字符编码,能够支持多种语言和符号。每个 UTF-8 字符可以由1到4个字节表示这使得它兼容 ASCII对于标准 ASCII 字符UTF-8 只使用一个字节)。</li></ul><p>因此,<code>C.UTF-8</code> 结合了 <code>C</code> 区域设定和 UTF-8 字符编码的优势。使用 <code>C.UTF-8</code> 时,系统默认语言环境保持简单和高效,同时支持更广泛的字符集,特别是多语言和非英语字符。这样可以在需要兼容性的同时,提供对全球化字符的支持。</p></div><h3 id="_3-2-2-almalinux9-设置默认编码" tabindex="-1">3.2.2 AlmaLinux9 设置默认编码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-2-2-almalinux9-设置默认编码" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.2.2 AlmaLinux9 设置默认编码&quot;"></a></h3><ul><li>① 搜索中文语言包:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">dnf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> search</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> locale</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> zh</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/46.CCFwxiA0.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>② 安装中文语言包:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">dnf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> glibc-langpack-zh</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/47.DCdP5ufU.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>③ 切换语言环境为中文:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">localectl</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> set-locale</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/48.CjdgNuy4.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>④ 手动加载配置文件,使其生效:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">source</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> /etc/locale.conf</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/49.Bg9sWT0a.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_3-2-3-ubuntu-22-04-设置默认编码" tabindex="-1">3.2.3 Ubuntu 22.04 设置默认编码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-2-3-ubuntu-22-04-设置默认编码" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.2.3 Ubuntu 22.04 设置默认编码&quot;"></a></h3><ul><li>① 安装中文语言包:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> update</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> language-pack-zh-hans</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/50.Ma73wRvf.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>② 切换环境为中文:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">update-locale</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> LANGUAGE=zh_CN:zh</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/51.rJLsU7Sw.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>③ 手动加载配置文件,使其生效:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">source</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> /etc/default/locale</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/52.3DsEIiSv.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_3-3-在-c-语言中使用中文字符" tabindex="-1">3.3 在 C 语言中使用中文字符 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-3-在-c-语言中使用中文字符" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.3 在 C 语言中使用中文字符&quot;"></a></h2><h3 id="_3-3-1-概述-1" tabindex="-1">3.3.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-3-1-概述-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.3.1 概述&quot;"></a></h3><ul><li>大部分 C 语言文章或教材对中文字符的处理讳莫如深,甚至只字不提,导致很多初学者认为 C 语言只能处理英文,而不支持中文。</li><li>其实这是不对的。C 语言作为一门系统级别的编程语言,理应支持世界上任何一个国家的文字,如:中文、日文、韩文等。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>如果 C 语言不支持中文,那么简体中文 Windows 操作系统将无从谈起,我们只能被迫使用英文 Windows 操作系统,这对计算机的传播而言将会是一种巨大的阻碍。</p></div><h3 id="_3-3-2-中文字符的存储" tabindex="-1">3.3.2 中文字符的存储 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-3-2-中文字符的存储" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.3.2 中文字符的存储&quot;"></a></h3><ul><li>要想正确的存储中文字符,需要解决如下的两个问题: <ul><li>① 足够长的数据类型char 的长度是 1 个字节,只能存储拉丁体系的问题,并不能存储中文字符,所以至少需要 2 个字节的内存空间。</li><li>② 包含中文的字符集C 语言规定,对于中文、日文、韩文等非 ASCII 编码之外的单个字符,需要有专门的字符类型,也就是需要使用宽字符的编码方式。而常见的宽字符的编码有 UTF-16 和 UTF-32它们都是基于 Unicode 字符集的,都能够支持全球的文字。</li></ul></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>上文提及过,在现代编程中,<code>窄字符</code>通常与 <code>UTF-8</code> 编码关联,特别是在处理文本输入、输出和网络传输时。尽管 <code>UTF-8</code> 是变长编码,由于其高效的空间利用和对 <code>ASCII</code> 的优化,通常与<code>窄字符</code>概念关联。而<code>宽字符</code>通常与 <code>UTF-16</code> 编码或 <code>UTF-32</code>编码关联,这些编码使用更大的固定或半固定长度来表示字符,适合处理更大的字符集。</p></div><ul><li>在真正实现的时候,微软的 MSVC 编译器采用 UTF-16 编码,即:使用 2 个字节来存储一个字符,使用 unsigned short 类型就可以容纳。而 GCC、LLVM/Clang 采用 UTF-32 编码,使用 4 个字节存储字符,用 unsigned int 类型就可以容纳。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>不同的编译器可以使用不同的整数类型,来存储宽字符,这对于跨平台开发来说,非常不友好。</p></div><ul><li>为了解决上述的问题C 语言推出了一种全新的类型 <code>wchar_t</code> 类型,用来存储宽字符类型。 <ul><li>在微软的 MSVC 编译器中,它的长度是 2 个字节。</li><li>在 GCC、LLVM/Clang 中,它的长度是 4 个字节。</li></ul></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li><code>wchar_t</code> 中的 <code>w</code>是 wide 的首字母,<code>t</code> 是 type 的首字母,所以 <code>wchar_t</code> 就是宽字符类型,足够见名知意。</li><li><code>wchar_t</code> 是用 typedef 关键字定义的一个别名,后文讲解,<code>wchar_t</code> 在不同的编译器下长度不一样。</li><li><code>wchar_t</code> 类型位于 <code>&lt;wchar.h&gt;</code> 头文件中,它使得代码在具有良好移植性的同时,也节省了不少内存,以后我们就用它来存储宽字符。</li></ul></div><ul><li>对于普通的拉丁体系的字符,我们使用 <code>&#39;&#39;</code> 括起来,来表示字符,如:<code>&#39;A&#39;</code><code>&#39;&amp;&#39;</code> 等。但是,如果要想表示宽字符,就需要加上 <code>L</code> 前缀了,如:<code>L&#39;A&#39;</code><code>L&#39;&#39;</code></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>宽字符字面量中的 <code>L</code><code>Long</code> 的缩写意思是比普通的字符char要长。</p></div><ul><li>示例:</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &lt;stddef.h&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div><h2 id="_2-8-运算符优先级" tabindex="-1">2.8 运算符优先级 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-8-运算符优先级" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.8 运算符优先级&quot;"></a></h2><ul><li>在数学中,如果一个表达式是 <code>a + b * c</code> ,我们知道其运算规则就是:先算乘除再算加减。其实,在 C 语言中也是一样的先算乘法再算加减C 语言中乘除的运算符比加减的运算符的优先级要高。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>所谓<code>优先级</code>,就是当多个运算符出现在同一个表达式中时,先执行哪个运算符。</p></div><ul><li>C 语言中运算符的优先级有几十个,有的运算符优先级不同,有的运算符优先级相同,如下所示:</li></ul><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th><strong>优先级</strong></th><th><strong>运算符</strong></th><th><strong>名称或含义</strong></th><th><strong>结合方向</strong></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>1</strong></td><td><code>[]</code></td><td>数组下标</td><td>➡️(从左到右)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>()</code></td><td>圆括号</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>.</code></td><td>成员选择(对象)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>-&gt;</code></td><td>成员选择(指针)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>2</strong></td><td><code>-</code></td><td>负号运算符</td><td>⬅️(从右到左)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>(类型)</code></td><td>强制类型转换</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>++</code></td><td>自增运算符</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>--</code></td><td>自减运算符</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>*</code></td><td>取值运算符</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>&amp;</code></td><td>取地址运算符</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>!</code></td><td>逻辑非运算符</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>~</code></td><td>按位取反运算符</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>sizeof</code></td><td>长度运算符</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>3</strong></td><td><code>/</code></td><td></td><td>➡️(从左到右)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>*</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>%</code></td><td>余数(取模)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>4</strong></td><td><code>+</code></td><td></td><td>➡️(从左到右)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>-</code></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>5</strong></td><td><code>&lt;&lt;</code></td><td>左移</td><td>➡️(从左到右)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>&gt;&gt;</code></td><td>右移</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>6</strong></td><td><code>&gt;</code></td><td>大于</td><td>➡️(从左到右)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>&gt;=</code></td><td>大于等于</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>&lt;</code></td><td>小于</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>&lt;=</code></td><td>小于等于</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>7</strong></td><td><code>==</code></td><td>等于</td><td>➡️(从左到右)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>!=</code></td><td>不等于</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>8</strong></td><td><code>&amp;</code></td><td>按位与</td><td>➡️(从左到右)</td></tr><tr><td><strong>9</strong></td><td><code>^</code></td><td>按位异或</td><td>➡️(从左到右)</td></tr><tr><td><strong>10</strong></td><td><code>|</code></td><td>按位或</td><td>➡️(从左到右)</td></tr><tr><td><strong>11</strong></td><td><code>&amp;&amp;</code></td><td>逻辑与</td><td>➡️(从左到右)</td></tr><tr><td><strong>12</strong></td><td><code>||</code></td><td>逻辑或</td><td>➡️(从左到右)</td></tr><tr><td><strong>13</strong></td><td><code>?:</code></td><td>条件运算符</td><td>⬅️(从右到左)</td></tr><tr><td><strong>14</strong></td><td><code>=</code></td><td>赋值运算符</td><td>⬅️(从右到左)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>/=</code></td><td>除后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>*=</code></td><td>乘后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>%=</code></td><td>取模后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>+=</code></td><td>加后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>-=</code></td><td>减后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>&lt;&lt;=</code></td><td>左移后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>&gt;&gt;=</code></td><td>右移后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>&amp;=</code></td><td>按位与后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>^=</code></td><td>按位异或后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>|=</code></td><td>按位或后赋值</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>15</strong></td><td><code>,</code></td><td>逗号运算符</td><td>➡️(从左到右)</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="warning custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">WARNING</p><p></p><ul><li>① 不要过多的依赖运算符的优先级来控制表达式的执行顺序,这样可读性太差,尽量<code>使用小括号来控制</code>表达式的执行顺序。</li><li>② 不要把一个表达式写得过于复杂,如果一个表达式过于复杂,则把它<code>分成几步</code>来完成。</li><li>③ 运算符优先级不用刻意地去记忆,总体上:一元运算符 &gt; 算术运算符 &gt; 关系运算符 &gt; 逻辑运算符 &gt; 三元运算符 &gt; 赋值运算符。</li></ul></div><h1 id="第三章-附录" tabindex="-1">第三章:附录 <a class="header-anchor" href="#第三章-附录" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;第三章:附录&quot;"></a></h1><h2 id="_3-1-字符集和字符集编码" tabindex="-1">3.1 字符集和字符集编码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-1-字符集和字符集编码" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.1 字符集和字符集编码&quot;"></a></h2><h3 id="_3-3-1-概述" tabindex="-1">3.3.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-3-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.3.1 概述&quot;"></a></h3><ul><li>字符集和字符集编码(简称编码)计算机系统中处理文本数据的两个基本概念,它们密切相关但又有区别。</li><li>字符集Character Set是一组字符的集合其中每个字符都被分配了一个<code>唯一的编号</code>(通常是数字)。字符可以是字母、数字、符号、控制代码(如换行符)等。<code>字符集定义了可以表示的字符的范围</code>,但它并不直接定义如何将这些字符存储在计算机中。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>ASCII美国信息交换标准代码是最早期和最简单的字符集之一它只包括了英文字母、数字和一些特殊字符共 128 个字符。每个字符都分配给了一个从 0 到 127 的数字。</p></div><ul><li>字符集编码Character Encoding简称编码是一种方案或方法<code>它定义了如何将字符集中的字符转换为计算机存储和传输的数据(通常是一串二进制数字)</code>。简而言之,编码是字符到二进制数据之间的映射规则。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>ASCII 编码方案定义了如何将 ASCII 字符集中的每个字符表示为 7 位的二进制数字。例如:大写字母<code>&#39;A&#39;</code>在 ASCII 编码中表示为二进制的<code>1000001</code>,十进制的 <code>65</code></p></div><ul><li><code>字符集</code><code>字符集编码</code>之间的关系如下:</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/35.CGTVELeO.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>Linux 中安装帮助手册:</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/36.Bz4_lEH0.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_3-3-2-ascii-编码" tabindex="-1">3.3.2 ASCII 编码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-3-2-ascii-编码" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.3.2 ASCII 编码&quot;"></a></h3><ul><li><code>冯·诺依曼</code>体系结构中,我们知道,计算机中所有的<code>数据</code><code>指令</code>都是以<code>二进制</code>的形式表示的;所以,计算机中对于文本数据的数据也是以二进制来存储的,那么对应的流程如下:</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/37.CcDWE4nn.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>我们知道,计算机是上个世纪 60 年代在美国研制成功的,为了实现字符和二进制的转换,美国就制定了一套字符编码,即英语字符和二进制位之间的关系,即 ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange编码 <ul><li>ASCII 编码只包括了英文字符、数字和一些特殊字符,一共 128 个字符,并且每个字符都分配了唯一的数字,范围是 0 - 127。</li><li>ASCII 编码中的每个字符都使用 7 位的二进制数字表示;但是,计算机中的存储的最小单位是 1 B = 8 位,那么最高位统一规定为 0 。</li></ul></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 其实,早期是没有字符集的概念的,只是后来为了解决乱码问题,而产生了字符集的概念。</li><li>② 对于英文体系来说,<code>a-zA-Z0-9</code>以及一些<code>特殊字符</code>一共 <code>128</code> 就可以满足实际存储需求;所以,在也是为什么 ASCII 码使用 7 位二进制2^7 = 128 )来存储的。</li></ul></div><ul><li>在操作系统中就内置了对应的编码表Linux 也不例外;可以使用如下的命令查看:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">man</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> ascii</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/38.B7y2_JVX.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>其对应的 ASCII 编码表,如下所示:</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/39.Btcc3rs2.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>但是,随着计算机的发展,计算机开始了东征之路,由美国传播到东方:</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/40.CR4ARW8y.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>先是传播到了欧洲,欧洲在兼容 ASCII 编码的基础上,推出了 ISO8859-1 编码,即: <ul><li>ISO8859-1 编码包括基本的拉丁字母表、数字、标点符号,以及西欧语言中特有的一些字符,如:法语中的 <code>è</code>、德语中的 <code>ü</code> 等。</li><li>ISO 8859-1 为每个字符分配一个单字节8 位)编码,意味着它可以表示最多 256 2^8个不同的字符编号从 0 到 255</li><li>ISO 8859-1 的前 128 个字符与 ASCII 编码完全一致,这使得 ASCII 编码的文本可以无缝转换为 ISO 8859-1 编码。</li></ul></li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/39.Btcc3rs2.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="/c/assets/42.DOX3ymYP.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>计算机继续传播到了亚洲,亚洲(双字节)各个国家分别给出了自己国家对应的字符集编码,如: <ul><li>日本推出了 Shift-JIS 编码: <ul><li>单字节 ASCII 范围0 - 127。</li><li>双字节范围: <ul><li>第一个字节129 - 159 和 224 - 239 。</li><li>第二个字节64 - 126 和 128 - 252 。</li></ul></li></ul></li><li>韩国推出了 EUC-KR 编码: <ul><li>单字节 ASCII 范围0 - 127。</li><li>双字节范围:从 41281 - 65278。</li></ul></li><li>中国推出了 GBK 编码: <ul><li>单字节 ASCII 范围0 - 127。</li><li>双字节范围33088 - 65278 。</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 通过上面日本、韩国、中国的编码十进制范围,我们可以看到,虽然这些编码系统在技术上的编码范围存在重叠(特别是在高位字节区域),但因为它们各自支持的字符集完全不同,所以实际上它们并不直接冲突。</li><li>② 但是,如果一个中国人通过 GBK 编码写的文章,通过邮件发送给韩国人,因为韩国和中国在字符集编码上的高位字节有重叠部分,必然会造成歧义。</li></ul></div><h3 id="_3-3-3-unicode-编码" tabindex="-1">3.3.3 Unicode 编码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-3-3-unicode-编码" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.3.3 Unicode 编码&quot;"></a></h3><ul><li><p>在 Unicode 之前世界上存在着数百种不同的编码系统每一种编码系统都是为了支持特定语言或一组语言的字符集。这些编码系统包括ASCII、ISO 8859 系列、GBK、Shift-JIS、EUC-KR 等,它们各自有不同的字符范围和编码方式。这种多样性虽然在局部范围内解决了字符表示的问题,但也带来了以下几个方面的挑战:</p><ul><li><code>编码冲突</code>:由于不同的编码系统可以为相同的字节值分配不同的字符,因此在不同编码之间转换文本时,如果没有正确处理编码信息,就很容易产生乱码。这种编码冲突在尝试处理多种语言的文本时尤为突出。</li><li><code>编码的复杂性</code>:随着全球化的发展,软件和系统需要支持越来越多的语言,这就要求开发者和系统同时处理多种不同的编码系统。这不仅增加了开发和维护的复杂性,而且也增加了出错的风险。</li><li><code>资源限制</code>:在早期计算机技术中,内存和存储资源相对有限。不同的编码标准要求系统存储多套字符集数据,这无疑增加了对有限资源的消耗。</li><li>……</li></ul></li><li><p>针对上述的种种问题为了推行全球化Unicode 应运而生Unicode 的核心规则和设计原则是建立一个全球统一的字符集,使得世界上所有的文字和符号都能被唯一地识别和使用,无论使用者位于何地或使用何种语言。这套规则包括了字符的编码、表示、处理和转换机制,旨在确保不同系统和软件间能够无缝交换和处理文本数据。</p><ul><li><code>通用字符集 (UCS)</code>Unicode 为每一个字符分配一个唯一的编号(称为<code>“码点”</code>)。这些码点被组织在一个统一的字符集中,官方称之为 “通用字符集”Universal Character SetUCS。码点通常表示为 <code>U+</code> 后跟一个十六进制数,例如:<code>U+0041</code> 代表大写的英文字母 <code>“A”</code></li><li><code>编码平面和区段</code>Unicode 码点被划分为多个 “平面Planes每个平面包含 6553616^4个码点。目前Unicode定义了 17 个平面(从 0 到16每个平面被分配了一个编号从 “基本多文种平面BMP” 的 0 开始,到 16 号平面结束。这意味着 Unicode 理论上可以支持超过 110万17*65536个码点。</li></ul></li><li><p>Unicode 仅仅只是字符集,给每个字符设置了唯一的数字编号而已,却没有给出这些数字编号实际如何存储,可以通过如下命令查看:</p></li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/43.Cie9_tkP.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>为了在计算机系统中表示 Unicode 字符,定义了几种编码方案,这些方案包括 UTF-8、UTF-16 和 UTF-32 等。 <ul><li><strong>UTF-8</strong>:使用 1 - 4 个字节表示每个 Unicode 字符,兼容 ASCII是网络上最常用的编码。</li><li><strong>UTF-16</strong>:使用 2 - 4 个字节表示每个 Unicode 字符,适合于需要经常处理基本多文种平面之外字符的应用。</li><li><strong>UTF-32</strong>:使用固定的 4 个字节表示每个 Unicode 字符,简化了字符处理,但增加了存储空间的需求。</li></ul></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 只有 UTF-8 兼容 ASCIIUTF-32 和 UTF-16 都不兼容 ASCII因为它们没有单字节编码。 <ul><li>UTF-8 使用尽量少的字节来存储一个字符不但能够节省存储空间而且在网络传输时也能节省流量所以很多纯文本类型的文件各种编程语言的源文件、各种日志文件和配置文件等以及绝大多数的网页百度、新浪、163 等都采用 UTF-8 编码。但是UTF-8 的缺点是效率低,不但在存储和读取时都要经过转换,而且在处理字符串时也非常麻烦。例如:要在一个 UTF-8 编码的字符串中找到第 10 个字符,就得从头开始一个一个地检索字符,这是一个很耗时的过程,因为 UTF-8 编码的字符串中每个字符占用的字节数不一样,如果不从头遍历每个字符,就不知道第 10 个字符位于第几个字节处就无法定位。不过随着算法的逐年精进UTF-8 字符串的定位效率也越来越高了,往往不再是槽点了。</li><li>UTF-32 是“以空间换效率”,正好弥补了 UTF-8 的缺点UTF-32 的优势就是效率高UTF-32 在存储和读取字符时不需要任何转换,在处理字符串时也能最快速地定位字符。例如:在一个 UTF-32 编码的字符串中查找第 10 个字符,很容易计算出它位于第 37 个字节处直接获取就行不用再逐个遍历字符了没有比这更快的定位字符的方法了。但是UTF-32 的缺点也很明显,就是太占用存储空间了,在网络传输时也会消耗很多流量。我们平常使用的字符编码值一般都比较小,用一两个字节存储足以,用四个字节简直是暴殄天物,甚至说是不能容忍的,所以 UTF-32 在应用上不如 UTF-8 和 UTF-16 广泛。</li><li>UTF-16 可以看做是 UTF-8 和 UTF-32 的折中方案,它平衡了存储空间和处理效率的矛盾。对于常用的字符,用两个字节存储足以,这个时候 UTF-16 是不需要转换的,直接存储字符的编码值即可。</li></ul></li><li>② 总而言之,<strong>UTF-8</strong> 编码兼容性强,适合大多数应用,特别是英文文本处理。<strong>UTF-16</strong> 编码适合处理大量亚洲字符,但在处理英文或其他拉丁字符时相对浪费空间。<strong>UTF-32</strong>编码简单直接,但非常浪费空间,适合需要固定字符宽度的特殊场景。</li><li>③ 在实际应用中UTF-8 通常是最常用的编码方式,因为它在兼容性和空间效率之间提供了良好的平衡。</li></ul></div><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><ul><li>① Windows 内核、.NET Framework、Java String 内部采用的都是 <code>UTF-16</code> 编码,主要原因是为了在兼顾字符处理效率的同时,能够有效处理多种语言的字符集,即:历史遗留问题、兼容性要求和多语言支持的需要。</li><li>② 不过UNIX 家族的操作系统Linux、Mac OS、iOS 等)内核都采用 <code>UTF-8</code> 编码,主要是为了兼容性和灵活性,因为 UTF-8 编码可以无缝处理 ASCII 字符,同时也能够支持多字节的 Unicode 字符,即:为了最大限度地兼容 ASCII同时保持系统的简单性、灵活性和效率。</li></ul></div><ul><li><code>Unicode 字符集</code>和对应的<code>UTF-8 字符编码</code>之间的关系,如下所示:</li></ul><p><img src="/c/assets/44.DLjH9Ges.png" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p><code>宽字符</code><code>窄字符</code>是编程和计算机系统中对字符类型的一种分类,主要用于描述字符在内存中的表示形式及其与编码方式的关系。</p><ul><li><code>窄字符</code>通常指使用单个字节8 位)来表示的字符。在许多传统的编码系统中,窄字符通常代表 ASCII 字符或其它单字节字符集中的字符。换言之,<code>窄字符</code>适合处理简单的单字节字符集ASCII适用于处理西方语言的应用。</li><li><code>宽字符</code>指使用多个字节(通常是两个或更多)来表示的字符。这些字符通常用于表示比 ASCII 范围更广的字符集,如 Unicode 字符。换言之,<code>宽字符</code>适合处理多字节字符集UTF-32、UTF-16 等,适用于需要处理多种语言和符号的国际化应用。</li></ul><p>在现代编程中,<code>窄字符</code>通常与 <code>UTF-8</code> 编码关联,特别是在处理文本输入、输出和网络传输时。尽管 <code>UTF-8</code> 是变长编码,由于其高效的空间利用和对 <code>ASCII</code> 的优化,通常与<code>窄字符</code>概念关联。而<code>宽字符</code>通常与 <code>UTF-16</code> 编码或 <code>UTF-32</code>编码关联,这些编码使用更大的固定或半固定长度来表示字符,适合处理更大的字符集。</p></div><h2 id="_3-2-wsl2-中设置默认编码为中文" tabindex="-1">3.2 WSL2 中设置默认编码为中文 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-2-wsl2-中设置默认编码为中文" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.2 WSL2 中设置默认编码为中文&quot;"></a></h2><h3 id="_3-2-1-概述" tabindex="-1">3.2.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-2-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.2.1 概述&quot;"></a></h3><ul><li>查看 WSL2 的 Linux 发行版的默认编码:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">echo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> $LANG</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/45.DhSh546m.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p><code>C.UTF-8</code> 是一种字符编码设置,结合了 <code>C</code> 区域设定和 <code>UTF-8</code> 字符编码。</p><ul><li><strong>C 区域设定</strong>:这是一个标准的、最小化的区域设置,通常用于系统默认的语言环境。<code>C</code> 区域设定下,所有字符都被认为是 ASCII 字符集的一部分,这意味着仅支持基本的英文字符和符号。在 <code>C</code> 区域设定中,字符串的排序和比较是基于简单的二进制值比较,这与本地化的语言设置相比相对简单。</li><li><strong>UTF-8 编码</strong>UTF-8 是一种变长的字符编码方式,可以编码所有的 Unicode 字符。它是一种广泛使用的字符编码,能够支持多种语言和符号。每个 UTF-8 字符可以由1到4个字节表示这使得它兼容 ASCII对于标准 ASCII 字符UTF-8 只使用一个字节)。</li></ul><p>因此,<code>C.UTF-8</code> 结合了 <code>C</code> 区域设定和 UTF-8 字符编码的优势。使用 <code>C.UTF-8</code> 时,系统默认语言环境保持简单和高效,同时支持更广泛的字符集,特别是多语言和非英语字符。这样可以在需要兼容性的同时,提供对全球化字符的支持。</p></div><h3 id="_3-2-2-almalinux9-设置默认编码" tabindex="-1">3.2.2 AlmaLinux9 设置默认编码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-2-2-almalinux9-设置默认编码" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.2.2 AlmaLinux9 设置默认编码&quot;"></a></h3><ul><li>① 搜索中文语言包:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">dnf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> search</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> locale</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> zh</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/46.CCFwxiA0.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>② 安装中文语言包:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">dnf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> glibc-langpack-zh</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/47.DCdP5ufU.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>③ 切换语言环境为中文:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">localectl</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> set-locale</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/48.CjdgNuy4.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>④ 手动加载配置文件,使其生效:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">source</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> /etc/locale.conf</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/49.Bg9sWT0a.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_3-2-3-ubuntu-22-04-设置默认编码" tabindex="-1">3.2.3 Ubuntu 22.04 设置默认编码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-2-3-ubuntu-22-04-设置默认编码" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.2.3 Ubuntu 22.04 设置默认编码&quot;"></a></h3><ul><li>① 安装中文语言包:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> update</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> language-pack-zh-hans</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/50.Ma73wRvf.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>② 切换环境为中文:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">update-locale</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> LANGUAGE=zh_CN:zh</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/51.rJLsU7Sw.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>③ 手动加载配置文件,使其生效:</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">source</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> /etc/default/locale</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="/c/assets/52.3DsEIiSv.gif" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_3-3-在-c-语言中使用中文字符" tabindex="-1">3.3 在 C 语言中使用中文字符 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-3-在-c-语言中使用中文字符" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.3 在 C 语言中使用中文字符&quot;"></a></h2><h3 id="_3-3-1-概述-1" tabindex="-1">3.3.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-3-1-概述-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.3.1 概述&quot;"></a></h3><ul><li>大部分 C 语言文章或教材对中文字符的处理讳莫如深,甚至只字不提,导致很多初学者认为 C 语言只能处理英文,而不支持中文。</li><li>其实这是不对的。C 语言作为一门系统级别的编程语言,理应支持世界上任何一个国家的文字,如:中文、日文、韩文等。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>如果 C 语言不支持中文,那么简体中文 Windows 操作系统将无从谈起,我们只能被迫使用英文 Windows 操作系统,这对计算机的传播而言将会是一种巨大的阻碍。</p></div><h3 id="_3-3-2-中文字符的存储" tabindex="-1">3.3.2 中文字符的存储 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-3-2-中文字符的存储" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.3.2 中文字符的存储&quot;"></a></h3><ul><li>要想正确的存储中文字符,需要解决如下的两个问题: <ul><li>① 足够长的数据类型char 的长度是 1 个字节,只能存储拉丁体系的问题,并不能存储中文字符,所以至少需要 2 个字节的内存空间。</li><li>② 包含中文的字符集C 语言规定,对于中文、日文、韩文等非 ASCII 编码之外的单个字符,需要有专门的字符类型,也就是需要使用宽字符的编码方式。而常见的宽字符的编码有 UTF-16 和 UTF-32它们都是基于 Unicode 字符集的,都能够支持全球的文字。</li></ul></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>上文提及过,在现代编程中,<code>窄字符</code>通常与 <code>UTF-8</code> 编码关联,特别是在处理文本输入、输出和网络传输时。尽管 <code>UTF-8</code> 是变长编码,由于其高效的空间利用和对 <code>ASCII</code> 的优化,通常与<code>窄字符</code>概念关联。而<code>宽字符</code>通常与 <code>UTF-16</code> 编码或 <code>UTF-32</code>编码关联,这些编码使用更大的固定或半固定长度来表示字符,适合处理更大的字符集。</p></div><ul><li>在真正实现的时候,微软的 MSVC 编译器采用 UTF-16 编码,即:使用 2 个字节来存储一个字符,使用 unsigned short 类型就可以容纳。而 GCC、LLVM/Clang 采用 UTF-32 编码,使用 4 个字节存储字符,用 unsigned int 类型就可以容纳。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>不同的编译器可以使用不同的整数类型,来存储宽字符,这对于跨平台开发来说,非常不友好。</p></div><ul><li>为了解决上述的问题C 语言推出了一种全新的类型 <code>wchar_t</code> 类型,用来存储宽字符类型。 <ul><li>在微软的 MSVC 编译器中,它的长度是 2 个字节。</li><li>在 GCC、LLVM/Clang 中,它的长度是 4 个字节。</li></ul></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li><code>wchar_t</code> 中的 <code>w</code>是 wide 的首字母,<code>t</code> 是 type 的首字母,所以 <code>wchar_t</code> 就是宽字符类型,足够见名知意。</li><li><code>wchar_t</code> 是用 typedef 关键字定义的一个别名,后文讲解,<code>wchar_t</code> 在不同的编译器下长度不一样。</li><li><code>wchar_t</code> 类型位于 <code>&lt;wchar.h&gt;</code> 头文件中,它使得代码在具有良好移植性的同时,也节省了不少内存,以后我们就用它来存储宽字符。</li></ul></div><ul><li>对于普通的拉丁体系的字符,我们使用 <code>&#39;&#39;</code> 括起来,来表示字符,如:<code>&#39;A&#39;</code><code>&#39;&amp;&#39;</code> 等。但是,如果要想表示宽字符,就需要加上 <code>L</code> 前缀了,如:<code>L&#39;A&#39;</code><code>L&#39;&#39;</code></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>宽字符字面量中的 <code>L</code><code>Long</code> 的缩写意思是比普通的字符char要长。</p></div><ul><li>示例:</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &lt;stddef.h&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> main</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
@ -954,8 +954,8 @@
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">%s\n</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, str4);</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> // 是好人</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br></div></div><ul><li><code>&quot;&quot;</code><code>&quot;爱你&quot;</code><code>&quot;&quot;</code><code>&quot;是好人&quot;</code>就是需要被处理的窄字符串,当程序运行的时候,它们会被加载进内存。并且,这些字符串中是包含中文的,所以一定不会使用 ASCII 编码。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>其实,对于代码中需要被处理的窄字符串,不同的编译器差别还是挺大的:</p><ul><li>微软的 MSVC 编译器使用本地编码来保存这些字符。对于简体中文版的 Windows使用的是 GBK 编码。</li><li>GCC、LLVM/Clang 编译器使用和源文件相同的编码来保存这些字符:如果源文件使用的是 UTF-8 编码,那么这些字符也使用 UTF-8 编码;如果源文件使用的是 GBK 编码,那么这些字符也使用 GBK 编码。</li></ul></div><h3 id="_3-3-4-总结" tabindex="-1">3.3.4 总结 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-3-4-总结" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.3.4 总结&quot;"></a></h3><ul><li>① 对于 <code>char</code> 类型的窄字符,在 C 语言中,使用的是 <code>ASCII</code> 编码。</li><li>② 对于 <code>wchar_t</code> 类型的<code>宽字符</code><code>宽字符串</code>,在 C 语言中,使用的 <code>UTF-16</code> 编码或者 <code>UTF-32</code> 编码,它们都是基于 Unicode 字符集的。</li><li>③ 对于 <code>char</code> 类型的<code>窄字符串</code>,微软的 MSVC 编译器使用本地编码GCC、LLVM/Clang 使用和源文件编码相同的编码。</li><li>④ 处理窄字符和处理宽字符使用的函数也不一样,如下所示: <ul><li><code>&lt;stdio.h&gt;</code> 头文件中的 <code>putchar</code><code>puts</code><code>printf</code> 函数只能用来处理窄字符。</li><li><code>&lt;wchar.h&gt;</code> 头文件中的 <code>putwchar</code><code>wprintf</code> 函数只能用来处理宽字符。</li></ul></li></ul><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><ul><li>① C 语言作为一门较为底层和古老的语言,对于字符的处理,之所以有这么多种方式,是因为历史遗留的原因和早期计算机资源有限的背景密切相关。</li><li>② 现代化的编程语言C++ 、Java、Python 等都对字符串处理进行了改进和抽象C++ 中的 <code>std::string</code> 和 Java 中的 <code>String</code>。并且现代编程语言通常会自动管理内存这样开发者就不需要手动处理字符串的内存分配和释放从而减少了内存泄漏和缓冲区溢出等问题。当然现代编程语言通常内置了对各种字符编码的支持能够方便地处理不同语言的字符Java 的 <code>String</code> 类和 Python 的 <code>str</code> 类型都默认支持 Unicode可以轻松处理中文等多字节字符。</li></ul></div><h3 id="_3-3-5-编码字符集和运行字符集" tabindex="-1">3.3.5 编码字符集和运行字符集 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-3-5-编码字符集和运行字符集" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.3.5 编码字符集和运行字符集&quot;"></a></h3><ul><li>源文件使用的字符集,通常称为<code>编码字符集</code>,即:写代码的时候所使用的字符集。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>源文件需要保存到硬盘,或者在网络上传输,使用的编码要尽量节省存储空间,同时要方便跨国交流,所以一般使用 UTF-8这就是选择编码字符集的标准。</p></div><ul><li>程序中的字符或者字符串使用的字符集,通常称为<code>运行字符集</code>,即:程序运行时所使用的字符集。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>程序中的字符或者字符串在程序运行后必须被载入到内存才能进行后续的处理对于这些字符来说要尽量选用能够提高处理速度的编码UTF-16 和 UTF-32 编码就能够快速定位(查找)字符。</p></div><ul><li><code>编码字符集</code>是站在<code>存储</code><code>传输</code>的角度,而<code>运行字符集</code>是站在<code>处理</code>或者<code>操作</code>的角度,所以它们并不一定相同。</li></ul></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-39a288b8 data-v-e257564d><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-e257564d><!----><div class="last-updated" data-v-e257564d><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-e257564d data-v-e98dd255>上次更新: <time datetime="2024-08-28T00:08:34.000Z" data-v-e98dd255></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" aria-labelledby="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d>Pager</span><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link prev" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/02_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>上一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>变量和进制</span><!--]--></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link next" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/04_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>下一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>大话小数</span><!--]--></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-5d98c3a5 data-v-e315a0ad><div class="container" data-v-e315a0ad><p class="message" data-v-e315a0ad>Released under the MIT License.</p><p class="copyright" data-v-e315a0ad>Copyright © 2024 许大仙</p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br></div></div><ul><li><code>&quot;&quot;</code><code>&quot;爱你&quot;</code><code>&quot;&quot;</code><code>&quot;是好人&quot;</code>就是需要被处理的窄字符串,当程序运行的时候,它们会被加载进内存。并且,这些字符串中是包含中文的,所以一定不会使用 ASCII 编码。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>其实,对于代码中需要被处理的窄字符串,不同的编译器差别还是挺大的:</p><ul><li>微软的 MSVC 编译器使用本地编码来保存这些字符。对于简体中文版的 Windows使用的是 GBK 编码。</li><li>GCC、LLVM/Clang 编译器使用和源文件相同的编码来保存这些字符:如果源文件使用的是 UTF-8 编码,那么这些字符也使用 UTF-8 编码;如果源文件使用的是 GBK 编码,那么这些字符也使用 GBK 编码。</li></ul></div><h3 id="_3-3-4-总结" tabindex="-1">3.3.4 总结 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-3-4-总结" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.3.4 总结&quot;"></a></h3><ul><li>① 对于 <code>char</code> 类型的窄字符,在 C 语言中,使用的是 <code>ASCII</code> 编码。</li><li>② 对于 <code>wchar_t</code> 类型的<code>宽字符</code><code>宽字符串</code>,在 C 语言中,使用的 <code>UTF-16</code> 编码或者 <code>UTF-32</code> 编码,它们都是基于 Unicode 字符集的。</li><li>③ 对于 <code>char</code> 类型的<code>窄字符串</code>,微软的 MSVC 编译器使用本地编码GCC、LLVM/Clang 使用和源文件编码相同的编码。</li><li>④ 处理窄字符和处理宽字符使用的函数也不一样,如下所示: <ul><li><code>&lt;stdio.h&gt;</code> 头文件中的 <code>putchar</code><code>puts</code><code>printf</code> 函数只能用来处理窄字符。</li><li><code>&lt;wchar.h&gt;</code> 头文件中的 <code>putwchar</code><code>wprintf</code> 函数只能用来处理宽字符。</li></ul></li></ul><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><ul><li>① C 语言作为一门较为底层和古老的语言,对于字符的处理,之所以有这么多种方式,是因为历史遗留的原因和早期计算机资源有限的背景密切相关。</li><li>② 现代化的编程语言C++ 、Java、Python 等都对字符串处理进行了改进和抽象C++ 中的 <code>std::string</code> 和 Java 中的 <code>String</code>。并且现代编程语言通常会自动管理内存这样开发者就不需要手动处理字符串的内存分配和释放从而减少了内存泄漏和缓冲区溢出等问题。当然现代编程语言通常内置了对各种字符编码的支持能够方便地处理不同语言的字符Java 的 <code>String</code> 类和 Python 的 <code>str</code> 类型都默认支持 Unicode可以轻松处理中文等多字节字符。</li></ul></div><h3 id="_3-3-5-编码字符集和运行字符集" tabindex="-1">3.3.5 编码字符集和运行字符集 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-3-5-编码字符集和运行字符集" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.3.5 编码字符集和运行字符集&quot;"></a></h3><ul><li>源文件使用的字符集,通常称为<code>编码字符集</code>,即:写代码的时候所使用的字符集。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>源文件需要保存到硬盘,或者在网络上传输,使用的编码要尽量节省存储空间,同时要方便跨国交流,所以一般使用 UTF-8这就是选择编码字符集的标准。</p></div><ul><li>程序中的字符或者字符串使用的字符集,通常称为<code>运行字符集</code>,即:程序运行时所使用的字符集。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>程序中的字符或者字符串在程序运行后必须被载入到内存才能进行后续的处理对于这些字符来说要尽量选用能够提高处理速度的编码UTF-16 和 UTF-32 编码就能够快速定位(查找)字符。</p></div><ul><li><code>编码字符集</code>是站在<code>存储</code><code>传输</code>的角度,而<code>运行字符集</code>是站在<code>处理</code>或者<code>操作</code>的角度,所以它们并不一定相同。</li></ul></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-39a288b8 data-v-e257564d><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-e257564d><!----><div class="last-updated" data-v-e257564d><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-e257564d data-v-e98dd255>上次更新: <time datetime="2024-08-28T01:09:24.000Z" data-v-e98dd255></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" aria-labelledby="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d>Pager</span><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link prev" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/02_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>上一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>变量和进制</span><!--]--></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link next" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/04_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>下一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>大话小数</span><!--]--></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-5d98c3a5 data-v-e315a0ad><div class="container" data-v-e315a0ad><p class="message" data-v-e315a0ad>Released under the MIT License.</p><p class="copyright" data-v-e315a0ad>Copyright © 2024 许大仙</p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/06_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>数组</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/07_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>指针</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/08_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/09_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>预处理器</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/10_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>自定义数据类型</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/11_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>内存管理</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/12_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>文件操作</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-basic/13_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>调试工具和调试技巧gdb和make</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/14_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>常用库函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C 语言高级</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-advance/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>变量和内存分布</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-advance/02_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>指针强化</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" 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level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>项目构建工具</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><section class="VPSidebarItem level-1 collapsible collapsed" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h3 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>meson</h3><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-2 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/03_build/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>meson 入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section><section class="VPSidebarItem level-1 collapsible collapsed" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h3 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Cmake</h3><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-2 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/03_build/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Cmake 入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/03_build/01_${commonDirectoryName}/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Conan </p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><section class="VPSidebarItem level-1 collapsible collapsed" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h3 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Gradle</h3><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-2 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/03_build/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Gradle 入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Linux</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/04_linux/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Linux 初识和安装</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 基础</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/02_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>变量、数据类型、运算符</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/03_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>流程控制</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/04_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>数组</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/05_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>指针</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/06_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/07_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>自定义数据类型</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/08_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>类和对象</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/09_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 引用</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/10_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>继承和派生</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/11_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 多态和虚函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/12_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>运算符重载</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/13_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>模板</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/14_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 异常</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/15_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>面向对象进阶</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/16_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>文件操作和 IO 流</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/17_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>STL标准模板库</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><div class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 高级</p><!----></div><!----></div></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><div class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>QT 桌面开发</p><!----></div><!----></div></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><div class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Linux 高并发服务器开发</p><!----></div><!----></div></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-5d98c3a5 data-v-1428d186><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-1428d186 data-v-39a288b8><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-39a288b8><div class="aside" data-v-39a288b8><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-39a288b8></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-39a288b8><div class="aside-content" data-v-39a288b8><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-39a288b8 data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" class="VPDocAsideOutline" data-v-3f215769 data-v-a5bbad30><div class="content" data-v-a5bbad30><div class="outline-marker" data-v-a5bbad30></div><div aria-level="2" class="outline-title" id="doc-outline-aria-label" role="heading" data-v-a5bbad30>目录</div><ul class="VPDocOutlineItem root" data-v-a5bbad30 data-v-b933a997><!--[--><!--]--></ul></div></nav><!--[--><!--]--><div 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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br></div></div><div class="warning custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">WARNING</p><p></p><p>在上述示例中,<code>arr</code><code>&amp;arr</code> 的值是一样的,但是对应的含义是不同的。</p><ul><li><code>arr</code> 是数组名,在大多数情况下会转换为数组第一个元素的地址,即:<code>arr</code> 等价于 <code>&amp;arr[0]</code>,其数据类型是 <code>int *</code></li><li><code>&amp;arr</code>是数组名的地址,即整个数组的地址,它指向数组本身,并不是数组第一个元素的地址,<code>&amp;arr</code> 的数据类型是 <code>int(*)[3]</code></li></ul></div></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-39a288b8 data-v-e257564d><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-e257564d><!----><div class="last-updated" data-v-e257564d><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-e257564d data-v-e98dd255>上次更新: <time datetime="2024-08-27T03:11:14.000Z" data-v-e98dd255></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" aria-labelledby="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d>Pager</span><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link prev" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/05_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>上一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>流程控制</span><!--]--></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link next" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/07_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>下一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>指针</span><!--]--></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-5d98c3a5 data-v-e315a0ad><div class="container" data-v-e315a0ad><p class="message" data-v-e315a0ad>Released under the MIT License.</p><p class="copyright" data-v-e315a0ad>Copyright © 2024 许大仙</p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Address of array: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">%p\n</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;">arr</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">);</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> // 返回整个数组的地址</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Address of pointer: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">%p\n</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;">ptr</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">);</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> // 返回指针变量ptr的地址</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div></li></ol><p>综上所述,通过这些示例和解释,可以看出数组名虽然在某些场合下可以像指针一样使用,但它并不是一个真正的指针变量,而是一个常量,表示数组的首地址。</p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-39a288b8 data-v-e257564d><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-e257564d><!----><div class="last-updated" data-v-e257564d><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-e257564d data-v-e98dd255>上次更新: <time datetime="2024-08-27T03:11:14.000Z" data-v-e98dd255></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" aria-labelledby="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d>Pager</span><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link prev" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/06_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>上一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>数组</span><!--]--></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link next" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/08_xdx/" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>下一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>函数</span><!--]--></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-5d98c3a5 data-v-e315a0ad><div class="container" data-v-e315a0ad><p class="message" data-v-e315a0ad>Released under the MIT License.</p><p class="copyright" data-v-e315a0ad>Copyright © 2024 许大仙</p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/03_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>数据类型和运算符</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/04_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>大话小数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/05_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>流程控制</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/06_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>数组</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/07_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>指针</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/08_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/09_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>预处理器</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/10_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>自定义数据类型</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/11_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>内存管理</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/12_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>文件操作</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-basic/13_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>调试工具和调试技巧gdb和make</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/14_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>常用库函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C 语言高级</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-advance/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>变量和内存分布</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-advance/02_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>指针强化</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-advance/03_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>结构体和文件的高级用法</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-advance/04_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>链表和回调函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-advance/05_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>编译过程和面向接口</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>项目构建工具</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><section class="VPSidebarItem level-1 collapsible collapsed" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h3 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>meson</h3><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-2 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/03_build/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>meson 入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section><section class="VPSidebarItem level-1 collapsible collapsed" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h3 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Cmake</h3><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-2 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/03_build/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Cmake 入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/03_build/01_${commonDirectoryName}/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Conan </p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><section class="VPSidebarItem level-1 collapsible collapsed" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h3 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Gradle</h3><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-2 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/03_build/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Gradle 入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Linux</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/04_linux/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Linux 初识和安装</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 基础</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/02_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>变量、数据类型、运算符</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/03_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>流程控制</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/04_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>数组</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/05_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>指针</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/06_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/07_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>自定义数据类型</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/08_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>类和对象</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/09_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 引用</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/10_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>继承和派生</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/11_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 多态和虚函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/12_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>运算符重载</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/13_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>模板</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/14_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 异常</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/15_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>面向对象进阶</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/16_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>文件操作和 IO 流</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/17_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>STL标准模板库</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><div class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 高级</p><!----></div><!----></div></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><div class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>QT 桌面开发</p><!----></div><!----></div></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><div class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Linux 高并发服务器开发</p><!----></div><!----></div></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-5d98c3a5 data-v-1428d186><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-1428d186 data-v-39a288b8><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-39a288b8><div class="aside" data-v-39a288b8><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-39a288b8></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-39a288b8><div class="aside-content" data-v-39a288b8><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-39a288b8 data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" class="VPDocAsideOutline" data-v-3f215769 data-v-a5bbad30><div class="content" data-v-a5bbad30><div class="outline-marker" data-v-a5bbad30></div><div aria-level="2" class="outline-title" id="doc-outline-aria-label" role="heading" data-v-a5bbad30>目录</div><ul class="VPDocOutlineItem root" data-v-a5bbad30 data-v-b933a997><!--[--><!--]--></ul></div></nav><!--[--><!--]--><div 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data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/00_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>编程基础</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C 语言入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/02_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>变量和进制</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/03_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>数据类型和运算符</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/04_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>大话小数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/05_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>流程控制</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/06_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>数组</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/07_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>指针</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/08_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/09_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>预处理器</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/10_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>自定义数据类型</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/11_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>内存管理</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/12_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>文件操作</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-basic/13_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>调试工具和调试技巧gdb和make</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/01_c-basic/14_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>常用库函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C 语言高级</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-advance/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>变量和内存分布</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-advance/02_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>指针强化</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-advance/03_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>结构体和文件的高级用法</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-advance/04_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>链表和回调函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/02_c-advance/05_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>编译过程和面向接口</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>项目构建工具</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><section class="VPSidebarItem level-1 collapsible collapsed" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h3 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>meson</h3><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-2 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/03_build/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>meson 入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section><section class="VPSidebarItem level-1 collapsible collapsed" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h3 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Cmake</h3><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-2 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/03_build/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Cmake 入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/03_build/01_${commonDirectoryName}/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Conan </p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><section class="VPSidebarItem level-1 collapsible collapsed" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h3 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Gradle</h3><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-2 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/03_build/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Gradle 入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Linux</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/04_linux/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Linux 初识和安装</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 基础</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><span class="vpi-chevron-right caret-icon" data-v-b7550ba0></span></div></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/01_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/02_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>变量、数据类型、运算符</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/03_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>流程控制</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/04_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>数组</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/05_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>指针</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/06_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/07_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>自定义数据类型</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/08_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>类和对象</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/09_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 引用</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/10_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>继承和派生</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/11_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 多态和虚函数</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/12_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>运算符重载</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/13_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>模板</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/14_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 异常</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/15_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>面向对象进阶</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/16_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>文件操作和 IO 流</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/c/notes/05_cpp/17_xdx/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>STL标准模板库</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><div class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>C++ 高级</p><!----></div><!----></div></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><div class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>QT 桌面开发</p><!----></div><!----></div></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><div class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible collapsed" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>Linux 高并发服务器开发</p><!----></div><!----></div></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-5d98c3a5 data-v-1428d186><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-1428d186 data-v-39a288b8><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-39a288b8><div class="aside" data-v-39a288b8><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-39a288b8></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-39a288b8><div class="aside-content" data-v-39a288b8><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-39a288b8 data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" class="VPDocAsideOutline" data-v-3f215769 data-v-a5bbad30><div class="content" data-v-a5bbad30><div class="outline-marker" data-v-a5bbad30></div><div aria-level="2" class="outline-title" id="doc-outline-aria-label" role="heading" data-v-a5bbad30>目录</div><ul class="VPDocOutlineItem root" data-v-a5bbad30 data-v-b933a997><!--[--><!--]--></ul></div></nav><!--[--><!--]--><div 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