2024-08-15 08:21:13 +02:00
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2024-08-11 07:41:10 +02:00
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> "s#https\\?://mirror.msys2.org/#https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/msys2/#g"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> \\</span></span>
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2024-08-15 08:21:13 +02:00
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">*</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><p><img src="`+O+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装 gcc 等相关开发包：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">pacman</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -Syu</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --noconfirm</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 更新包管理器</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">pacman</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -Sy</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> base-devel</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --noconfirm</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 安装开发工具包</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">pacman</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -Sy</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> mingw-w64-ucrt-x86_64-toolchain</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --noconfirm</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 安装开发 gcc 相关工具链</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>也许，你会看到其他人的安装命令是 <code>pacman -Sy mingw-w64-x86_64-toolchain --noconfirm</code>，此处解释下两者的区别：</p><ul><li>① <code>mingw-w64-x86_64-toolchain</code> 使用更传统的 MSVCRT，适合需要经典 MinGW 环境的项目或依赖较老 C 运行时的应用。</li><li>② <code>mingw-w64-ucrt-x86_64-toolchain</code> 使用 Microsoft 的 UCRT，更适合现代 Windows 开发，提供更好的兼容性和性能。</li></ul></div><p><img src="'+U+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h4 id="_1-2-4-2-配置-path-环境变量" tabindex="-1">1.2.4.2 配置 path 环境变量 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-4-2-配置-path-环境变量" aria-label="Permalink to "1.2.4.2 配置 path 环境变量""></a></h4><ul><li>和 <code>1.2.2.2 配置 path 环境变量</code> 步骤相同：略。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>本人需要配置的 path 环境变量是 <code>C:\\msys64\\ucrt64\\bin</code> 。</p></div><h2 id="_1-3-什么是-ide-集成开发环境" tabindex="-1">1.3 什么是 IDE（集成开发环境）？ <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-3-什么是-ide-集成开发环境" aria-label="Permalink to "1.3 什么是 IDE（集成开发环境）？""></a></h2><ul><li><p
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2024-07-11 10:07:44 +02:00
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<span class="line"></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> main</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(){</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"Hello World"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
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2024-08-15 05:48:49 +02:00
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><p><img src="`+Ts+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>③ 通过 <code>gcc</code> 命令编译该文件：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.c</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.exe</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+Ws+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>④ 执行：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">./HelloWorld.exe</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+Ms+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_2-2-vs-code-版" tabindex="-1">2.2 VS Code 版 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-2-vs-code-版" aria-label="Permalink to "2.2 VS Code 版""></a></h2><ul><li>① 新建一个<code>空</code>文件夹（目录），用于存放代码：</li></ul><p><img src="'+Os+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>② 通过 <code>vscode</code> 打开该目录：</li></ul><p><img src="'+Us+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>③ 在 <code>vscode</code> 中新建 <code>HelloWorld.c</code> 文件：</li></ul><p><img src="'+Rs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>④ 设置 VSCode 中 C/C++ 的代码格式为行尾风格（可选）：</li></ul><p><img src="'+Ns+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+Is+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑤ 编写如下的代码，并保存：</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> <stdio.h></span></span>
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2024-07-11 10:07:44 +02:00
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> main</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(){</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"Hello World"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
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2024-08-15 07:26:13 +02:00
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><p><img src="`+Vs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑥ 通过 <code>gcc</code> 命令编译该文件：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.c</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> HelloWorld.exe</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+Gs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑦ 执行：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">./HelloWorld.exe</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+Xs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑧ 安装 Code Runner 插件（步骤略），实现右键直接编译执行（可选）：</li></ul><p><img src="'+$s+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_2-3-vs-版" tabindex="-1">2.3 VS 版 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-3-vs-版" aria-label="Permalink to "2.3 VS 版""></a></h2><ul><li>① 新建空项目：</li></ul><p><img src="'+Hs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+Ks+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+Qs+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+Ys+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>② 打开<code>解决方案资源管理器</code>：</li></ul><p><img src="'+js+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+Js+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>③ 新建 <code>HelloWorld.c</code> 文件：</li></ul><p><img src="'+Zs+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>④ 编写如下代码，并保存：</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> <stdio.h></span></span>
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2024-07-11 10:07:44 +02:00
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> main</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(){</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"Hello World"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
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2024-08-15 05:48:49 +02:00
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><p><img src="`+sa+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑤ 编译和执行：</li></ul><p><img src="'+aa+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_2-4-clion-版" tabindex="-1">2.4 CLion 版 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-4-clion-版" aria-label="Permalink to "2.4 CLion 版""></a></h2><ul><li>① 新建空项目：</li></ul><p><img src="'+ia+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+na+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+la+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>② 编写如下代码，并保存：</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> <stdio.h></span></span>
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2024-07-11 10:07:44 +02:00
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> main</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(){</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"Hello World"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><p><img src="`+ea+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>③ 编译和运行：</li></ul><p><img src="'+pa+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>④ 默认情况下，一个项目只能有一个 c 源文件包含 main 函数，但是 CLion 可以有多个，如下：</li></ul><p><img src="'+ta+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>⑤ 如果之后，有中文乱码问题，那么请做如下步骤：</li></ul><p><img src="'+ra+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><p><img src="'+ca+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>内容如下所示：</p><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span>-Dfile.encoding=UTF-8</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span>-Dconsole.encoding=UTF-8</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div></div><h1 id="第三章-五花八门的-c-语言编译器-⭐" tabindex="-1">第三章：五花八门的 C 语言编译器（⭐） <a class="header-anchor" href="#第三章-五花八门的-c-语言编译器-⭐" aria-label="Permalink to "第三章：五花八门的 C 语言编译器（⭐）""></a></h1><h2 id="_3-1-概述" tabindex="-1">3.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to "3.1 概述""></a></h2><ul><li>由于 C 语言的历史比较久，而且早期没有规范，整个计算机产业也都处于拓荒的年代，所以就涌现了很多款 C 语言编译器，它们各有特点，适用于不同的平台。</li></ul><h2 id="_3-2-桌面操作系统" tabindex="-1">3.2 桌面操作系统 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-2-桌面操作系统" aria-label="Permalink to "3.2 桌面操作系统""></a></h2><ul><li>目前而言，主流的桌面操作系统就是 Windows、Linux 和 MacOS 。</li><li>对于 Windows 而言，使用的最多的 C/C++ 编译器是 <code>MSVC</code> （Microsoft Visual C++），被集成在 Visual Studio 开发环境中，其特点如下： <ul><li>① 兼容性: 与 Windows 操作系统和 Windows API 深度集成，生成的二进制文件为 PE 格式。</li><li>② 调试工具: 提供强大的调试工具，如：Visual Studio Debugger。</li><li>③ 优化: 支持各种编译器优化，特别是针对 Windows 平台的优化。</li><li>④ 库支持: 提供丰富的 Windows 专用库，如：<s>MFC（Microsoft Foundation Class Library）</s>。</li></ul></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>MSVC 不开源，我们可以使用 Visual Studio Community 社区版，但是如果想使用 Visual Studio Community 社区版生成出来的应用进行商用，就需要好好阅读微软的许可证和说明书了。</p></div><ul><li>对于 Linux 而言，使用的最多的 C/C++ 编译器是 <code>GCC</code>（支持多种架构和语言），并且很多 Linux 发行版本都将 GCC 作为默认的编译器，其特点如下所示： <ul><li>① 广泛支持: 支持各种 Linux 发行版，是大多数开源项目的默认编译器。</li><li>② 强大的优化: 提供各种编译优化选项，适合多种性能需求的开发。</li><li>③ 丰富的工具链: 和 GDB（GNU 调试器）、Make、Autoconf 等工具无缝集成。</li></ul></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>目前而言，GCC 已经属于跨平台的项目了，支持 Windows、Linux 和 MacOS ，在 Windows 上 GCC 的移植项目，如：MinGW、Cygwin 以及 MSYS2，其差别如下所示：</p><ul><li>① MinGW 提供了 GCC 编译器的 Windows 版本，可以生成 Windows 兼容的本地代码。</li><li>② Cygwin 是一个在 Windows 上运行的类 Unix 环境，它提供了一套完整的 POSIX 兼容工具，包括 GCC 编译器。</li><li>③ MSYS2 是一个在 Windows 上运行的轻量级、开源的 Unix-like 环境，它为 Windows 用户提供了类似于 Linux 的开发环境。MSYS2 是 MinGW 和 Cygwin 的后继者，旨在提供更现代化和更强大的开发工具集。</li></ul></div><ul><li>对于 MacOS 而言，使用的最多的 C/C++ 编译器是 <code>Clang/LLVM</code>，其特点如下： <ul><li>① Xcode 集成: 深度集成到 Xcode 中，支持 Apple 的所有平台（macOS、iOS、tvOS、watchOS）的开发。</li><li>② 优化和兼容: 生成的代码针对 Apple 的硬件进行优化，并兼容 GCC 的大部分功能。</li><li>③ 现代化: Clang 提供了对 C 语言标准的全面支持，并且以其快速的编译速度和易读的错误报告而著称。</li></ul></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p><
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2024-07-11 10:07:44 +02:00
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> main</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">() {</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> // 定义主函数</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"你好，世界！！！"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">);</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> // 输出所指定的一行信息</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> // 函数执行完毕时返回函数值0</span></span>
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2024-08-09 11:10:03 +02:00
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><h2 id="_4-3-多行注释" tabindex="-1">4.3 多行注释 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_4-3-多行注释" aria-label="Permalink to "4.3 多行注释""></a></h2><ul><li>C 语言中的多行注释的格式，如下所示：</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;">/*</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> 这是第一行注释</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> 这是第二行注释</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> 这是第三行注释</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;">*/</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 多行注释不能嵌套使用！！！</li><li>② 在 CLion 中的快捷键是 <code>Ctrl + Alt + /</code> 。</li></ul></div><ul><li>示例：</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> <stdio.h></span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> main</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">() { </span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> /*</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> printf(1);</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> printf(2);</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"你好，世界！！！"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">); </span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">; </span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br></div></div><h1 id="第五章-helloworld-的规范-⭐" tabindex="-1">第五章：HelloWorld 的规范（⭐） <a class="header-anchor" href="#第五章-helloworld-的规范-⭐" aria-label="Permalink to "第五章：HelloWorld 的规范（⭐）""></a></h1><h2 id="_5-1-规范的代码风格" tabindex="-1">5.1 规范的代码风格 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_5-1-规范的代码风格" aria-label="Permalink to "5.1 规范的代码风格""></a></h2><h3 id="_5-1-1-正确的缩进和空白" tabindex="-1">5.1.1 正确的缩进和空白 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_5-1-1-正确的缩进和空白" aria-label="Permalink to "5.1.1 正确的缩进和空白""></a></h3><ul><li>① 使用一次 <code>tab</code> 操作，实现缩进，默认整体向右边移动；如果使用 <code>shift + tab</code> 则整体向左移动。</li><li>② 运算符两边习惯各加一个空格，如：<code>2 + 4 = 6</code>。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>各种 IDE 都有格式化的快捷键，如：CLion 的格式化快捷键是 <code>Ctrl + Alt + L</code> 。</p></div><ul><li>示例：</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> <stdio.h></span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> main</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> a </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 1</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> b </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 2</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> c </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> a </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">+</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> b;</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"c = </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, c);</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br></div></div><h3 id="_5-1-2-代码风格" tabindex="-1">5.1.2 代码风格 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_5-1-2-代码风格" aria-label="Permalink to "5.1.2 代码风格""></a></h3><ul><li>在 C 语言中，有两种代码风格：<code>行尾风格</code>和<code>次行风格</code>。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>看个人爱好，任选一种即可，本人喜欢<code>行尾分格</code>！！！</p></div><ul><li>示例：行尾风格</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> main</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(){ </span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> if</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(a </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">></span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> b) {</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> a;</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> } </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">else</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> b;</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> } </span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">; </span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><ul><li>示例：次行风格</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> main</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">{ </span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> if</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(a </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">></span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> b) </span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> a;</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> } </span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> else</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> b;</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> } </span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">; </span></span>
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2024-08-09 11:10:03 +02:00
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br></div></div><h2 id="_5-2-代码细节剖析" tabindex="-1">5.2 代码细节剖析 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_5-2-代码细节剖析" aria-label="Permalink to "5.2 代码细节剖析""></a></h2><h3 id="_5-2-1-main-函数" tabindex="-1">5.2.1 main() 函数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_5-2-1-main-函数" aria-label="Permalink to "5.2.1 main() 函数""></a></h3><ul><li>在 C 语言中，一个程序或工程可以定义很多函数，但是有且只有一个 main() 函数，作为程序执行的入口，并且在 main() 函数结尾结束整个程序的运行，即：</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> main</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(){</span></span>
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2024-07-11 10:07:44 +02:00
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
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2024-08-09 11:10:03 +02:00
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><ul><li>如果 main() 函数是空括号，即表示 main() 函数不接收任何参数。</li><li>在 main() 函数之前的 <code>int</code> 称为关键字，代表数据类型是<code>整型</code>，它是 main() 函数的返回值的类型，即在执行 main() 函数之后一定会得到一个整数类型的值，即函数值。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li>① 在 C 语言中，人们约定，如果 <code>return 0</code>，就表示 main() 函数终止运行，且运行成功；如果返回其它非零整数，则表示运行失败。</li><li>② 默认情况下，如果 main() 函数中省略 <code>return 0</code> ，则编译器会自动加上；但是，为了保持统一的代码风格，不建议省略。</li></ul></div><h3 id="_5-2-2-函数体" tabindex="-1">5.2.2 函数体 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_5-2-2-函数体" aria-label="Permalink to "5.2.2 函数体""></a></h3><ul><li>① 一对花括号 <code>{}</code> 定义了函数的主体，所有函数都必须以大括号开头和结尾，成对出现。</li><li>② C 程序中的函数体指的是作为该函数一部分的语句。它可以是任何操作，比如：搜索、排序、打印等。</li><li>③ 每一个执行语句后面都会有一个英文分号<code>;</code>作为语句结束的标志。</li><li>④ 一行内可写几条语句，一条语句也可写在几行上。</li></ul><h3 id="_5-2-3-printf-函数" tabindex="-1">5.2.3 printf() 函数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_5-2-3-printf-函数" aria-label="Permalink to "5.2.3 printf() 函数""></a></h3><ul><li>printf() 函数的格式，如下所示：</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">const</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> char</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> *</span><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;">__format</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, ...)</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><ul><li>printf() 函数是产生格式化输出的函数，作用是将参数文本输出到屏幕，f 表示 format（格式化），表示可以指定输出文本的格式，即：</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"Hello World"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">);</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> // 将字符串输出到控制台，行尾不换行</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><ul><li>如果想让光标移动到下一行的开头，可以在输出文本的结尾，可以添加一个换行符 <code>\\n</code>，即：</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span clas
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;">// 编译器将在系统的标准头文件目录中查找文件。</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> <filename></span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;">// 用于包含用户自定义的头文件。</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;">// 编译器首先在当前目录中查找文件，如果未找到，再在标准头文件目录中查找。</span></span>
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2024-08-15 05:48:49 +02:00
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> "filename"</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><h1 id="第六章-clion-高级配置-⭐" tabindex="-1">第六章：CLion 高级配置（⭐） <a class="header-anchor" href="#第六章-clion-高级配置-⭐" aria-label="Permalink to "第六章：CLion 高级配置（⭐）""></a></h1><h2 id="_6-1-安装和配置-wsl2" tabindex="-1">6.1 安装和配置 WSL2 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_6-1-安装和配置-wsl2" aria-label="Permalink to "6.1 安装和配置 WSL2""></a></h2><h3 id="_6-1-1-概述" tabindex="-1">6.1.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_6-1-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to "6.1.1 概述""></a></h3><ul><li>WSL2，全称为 Windows Subsystem for Linux 2，是微软提供的一种技术，允许用户在 Windows 操作系统上运行 Linux 内核。WSL2 是 WSL1 的升级版，它引入了一个真正的 Linux 内核来代替 WSL1 中使用的兼容层，从而提供更高的性能和更广泛的系统调用支持。</li><li>和传统的虚拟化技术的对比，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="`+ha+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>WSL2 的功能，如下所示：</p><ul><li>① <strong>真实的 Linux 内核</strong>：WSL2 使用了微软开发的轻量级虚拟机，它包含了一个完整的 Linux 内核。这意味着 WSL2 能够运行更多的 Linux 应用程序，并且支持更多的系统调用。</li><li>② <strong>文件系统性能提升</strong>：WSL2 的文件系统性能比 WSL1 有显著提升。对于 I/O 密集型的操作，如：编译代码或数据库操作，WSL2 能够提供更快的速度。</li><li>③ <strong>兼容性增强</strong>：由于使用了真实的 Linux 内核，WSL2 对 Linux 应用程序的兼容性大幅提高。许多在 WSL1 上不能运行或需要调整的应用程序，可以在 WSL2 上直接运行。</li><li>④ <strong>网络功能改进</strong>：WSL2 提供了更好的网络集成，能够更容易地与 Windows 上的其他网络资源进行交互。</li><li>⑤ <strong>资源使用优化</strong>：WSL2 使用轻量级虚拟机，比传统的虚拟机占用更少的资源，同时提供了类似的隔离和安全性。</li></ul></div><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>WSL2 的用途，如下所示：</p><ul><li>① <strong>开发环境</strong>：WSL2 为开发者提供了一个原生的 Linux 开发环境，而无需离开 Windows 。这对于需要在 Linux 上开发、测试或运行应用程序的开发者非常有帮助。</li><li>② <strong>学习和实验</strong>：用户可以使用 WSL2 在 Windows 上学习和实验 Linux 命令行工具和应用程序，而无需设置双重引导系统或安装虚拟机。</li><li>③ <strong>多平台开发</strong>：对于跨平台开发者来说，WSL2 允许他们在一个操作系统上同时进行 Windows 和 Linux 平台的开发和测试，提高工作效率。</li><li>④ <strong>运行 Linux 工具和应用程序</strong>：WSL2 支持在 Windows 上直接运行各种 Linux 工具和应用程序，如：Docker、数据库、编程语言环境等。</li></ul></div><h3 id="_6-1-2-wsl2-的安装" tabindex="-1">6.1.2 WSL2 的安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_6-1-2-wsl2-的安装" aria-label="Permalink to "6.1.2 WSL2 的安装""></a></h3><ul><li>① BIOS 或 UEFI 中，开启虚拟化：步骤略。</li></ul><p><img src="'+da+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>② 查看是否开启了虚拟化：</li></ul><p><img src="'+oa+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>③ 启用适用于 Linux 的 Windows 子系统：</li></ul><div class="language-powershell vp-adapt
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2024-07-11 10:07:44 +02:00
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> dnf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> groupinstall</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> "Development Tools"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 安装开发工具包</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> dnf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> gcc-c++</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 安装GCC相关工具链</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> dnf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> cmake</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 安装 cmake</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> dnf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> make</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 安装 make</span></span>
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2024-08-15 05:48:49 +02:00
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> dnf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> gdb</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 安装 gdb</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><p><img src="`+Fa+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>可以通过 CLion 测试是否安装成功：</li></ul><p><img src="'+_a+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_6-1-4-配置-wsl2" tabindex="-1">6.1.4 配置 WSL2 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_6-1-4-配置-wsl2" aria-label="Permalink to "6.1.4 配置 WSL2""></a></h3><ul><li>本人的安装的是 Ubuntu 24.04，所以需要执行如下命令，以便安装 cmake 相关工具链：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> update</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> && </span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> upgrade</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 更新包管理器</span></span>
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2024-07-11 10:07:44 +02:00
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> build-essential</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 安装开发工具包</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> gcc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> g++</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 安装 GCC 相关工具链</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> cmake</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 安装 cmake</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> gdb</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 安装 gdb</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><p><img src="`+va+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>可以通过 CLion 测试是否安装成功：</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>默认仓库中的 GDB 的版本会很高，CLion 会不支持，那么就需要手动下载源码，自行编译，本次不再演示！！！</p></div><p><img src="'+Ba+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_6-2-切换-clion-中的-cmake-的工具链" tabindex="-1">6.2 切换 CLion 中的 cmake 的工具链 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_6-2-切换-clion-中的-cmake-的工具链" aria-label="Permalink to "6.2 切换 CLion 中的 cmake 的工具链""></a></h2><ul><li>可以在 CLoin 中切换 cmake 的工具链，以便支持不同平台的 cmake ，即：</li></ul><p><img src="'+fa+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_6-3-修改-cmakelists-txt-文件" tabindex="-1">6.3 修改 CMakeLists.txt 文件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_6-3-修改-cmakelists-txt-文件" aria-label="Permalink to "6.3 修改 CMakeLists.txt 文件""></a></h2><ul><li>前文也提到了，在一个 C 语言项目中，只能有一个 main() 函数；但是，我们可以修改 <code>CMakeLists.txt</code> 文件的内容，以便其支持在一个 C 语言项目中，可以有多个包含 main() 函数的文件，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="'+Aa+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li><code>CMakeLists.txt</code> 的内容，如下所示：</li></ul><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span>cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.10)</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span></span></span>
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<span class="line"><span># 项目名称和版本号</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span>project(c-study VERSION 1.0 LANGUAGES C)</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span></span></span>
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<span class="line"><span># 设置 C 标准</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span>set(CMAKE_C_STANDARD 23)</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span>set(CMAKE_C_STANDARD_REQUIRED True)</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span></span></span>
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<span class="line"><span># 辅助函数，用于递归查找所有源文件</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span>function(collect_sources result dir)</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span> file(GLOB_RECURSE new_sources "\${dir}/*.c")</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span> set(\${result} \${\${result}} \${new_sources} PARENT_SCOPE)</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span>endfunction()</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span></span></span>
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<span class="line"><span># 查找顶层 include 目录（如果存在）</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span>if (EXISTS "\${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/include")</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span> include_directories(\${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/include)</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span>endif ()</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span></span></span>
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<span class="line"><span># 查找所有源文件</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span>set(SOURCES)</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span>collect_sources(SOURCES \${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR})</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span></span></span>
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<span class="line"><span># 用于存储已经处理过的可执行文件名，防止重复</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span>set(EXECUTABLE_NAMES)</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span></span></span>
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<span class="line"><span># 创建可执行文件</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span>foreach (SOURCE \${SOURCES})</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span> # 获取文件的相对路径</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span> file(RELATIVE_PATH REL_PATH \${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR} \${SOURCE})</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span> # 将路径中的斜杠替换为下划线，生成唯一的可执行文件名</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span> string(REPLACE "/" "_" EXECUTABLE_NAME \${REL_PATH})</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span> string(REPLACE "\\\\" "_" EXECUTABLE_NAME \${EXECUTABLE_NAME})</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span> string(REPLACE "." "_" EXECUTABLE_NAME \${EXECUTABLE_NAME})</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span></span></span>
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<span class="line"><span> # 处理与 CMakeLists.txt 文件同名的问题</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span> if (\${EXECUTABLE_NAME} STREQUAL "CMakeLists_txt")</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span> set(EXECUTABLE_NAME "\${EXECUTABLE_NAME}_exec")</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span> endif ()</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span></span></span>
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<span class="line"><span> # 检查是否已经创建过同名的可执行文件</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span> if (NOT EXECUTABLE_NAME IN_LIST EXECUTABLE_NAMES)</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span> list(APPEND EXECUTABLE_NAMES \${EXECUTABLE_NAME})</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span></span></span>
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<span class="line"><span> # 创建可执行文件</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span> add_executable(\${EXECUTABLE_NAME} \${SOURCE})</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span></span></span>
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<span class="line"><span> # 查找源文件所在的目录，并添加为包含目录（头文件可能在同一目录下）</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span> get_filename_component(DIR \${SOURCE} DIRECTORY)</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span> target_include_directories(\${EXECUTABLE_NAME} PRIVATE \${DIR})</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span></span></span>
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<span class="line"><span> # 检查并添加子目录中的 include 目录（如果存在）</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span> if (EXISTS "\${DIR}/include")</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span> target_include_directories(\${EXECUTABLE_NAME} PRIVATE \${DIR}/include)</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span> endif ()</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span></span></span>
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<span class="line"><span> # 检查并添加 module 目录中的所有 C 文件（如果存在）</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span> if (EXISTS "\${DIR}/module")</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span> file(GLOB_RECURSE MODULE_SOURCES "\${DIR}/module/*.c")</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span> target_sources(\${EXECUTABLE_NAME} PRIVATE \${MODULE_SOURCES})</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span> endif ()</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span> endif ()</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span>endforeach ()</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br></div></div><h2 id="_6-4-配置-clang-format-文件" tabindex="-1">6.4 配置 .clang-format 文件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_6-4-配置-clang-format-文件" aria-label="Permalink to "6.4 配置 .clang-format 文件""></a></h2><ul><li>配置 <code>.clang-format</code> 格式化文件，以便写代码的时候，可以自动保存并格式化 C 程序代码，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="`+Da+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li><code>.clang-format</code> 的内容，如下所示：</li></ul><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span>BasedOnStyle: Google</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span>IndentWidth: 4</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span>UseTab: Never</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span>ColumnLimit: 0</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span></span></span>
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<span class="line"><span># 控制大括号的位置</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span>BreakBeforeBraces: Attach</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span></span></span>
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<span class="line"><span># 控制空行的使用</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span>EmptyLineBeforeAccessModifier: Never</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span>KeepEmptyLinesAtTheStartOfBlocks: true</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span></span></span>
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<span class="line"><span># 控制短函数、短 if 语句和循环的格式</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span>AllowShortFunctionsOnASingleLine: Empty</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span>AllowShortIfStatementsOnASingleLine: false</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span>AllowShortLoopsOnASingleLine: false</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span></span></span>
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<span class="line"><span># 控制其他格式选项</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span>AlignConsecutiveAssignments: true</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span>AlignConsecutiveDeclarations: true</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span></span></span>
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<span class="line"><span># 控制注释的格式化</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span>ReflowComments: true</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span></span></span>
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<span class="line"><span># 控制包含指令的格式化</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span>IncludeBlocks: Regroup</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span>SortIncludes: CaseInsensitive</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span></span></span>
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<span class="line"><span>SpaceBeforeParens: ControlStatements</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span>SpacesInParentheses: false</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span>SpacesInAngles: false</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span>SpacesInContainerLiterals: false</span></span>
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2024-08-15 05:48:49 +02:00
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<span class="line"><span>SpacesInCStyleCastParentheses: false</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br></div></div><ul><li>CLion 中配置<code>保存</code>的时候<code>自动格式化</code>，即：</li></ul><p><img src="`+xa+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_6-5-配置-gitignore-文件" tabindex="-1">6.5 配置 .gitignore 文件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_6-5-配置-gitignore-文件" aria-label="Permalink to "6.5 配置 .gitignore 文件""></a></h2><ul><li>需要在项目中，配置 <code>.gitignore</code> 文件，以便在提交代码到 Git 仓库的时候，忽略某些文件或目录，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="'+qa+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li><code>.gitignore</code> 文件的内容，如下所示：</li></ul><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span>.vscode</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span>.idea</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span>cmake-build-*</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span>build</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><h2 id="_6-6-演示" tabindex="-1">6.6 演示 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_6-6-演示" aria-label="Permalink to "6.6 演示""></a></h2><ul><li>我们可以在项目中，临时创建或复制一个文件，看上述配置是否生效，即：</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>如果是复制并粘贴一个文件到项目中，请点击<code>重新加载 CMake 项目</code>！！！</p></div><p><img src="`+wa+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h1 id="第七章-c-语言的编译过程-⭐" tabindex="-1">第七章：C 语言的编译过程（⭐） <a class="header-anchor" href="#第七章-c-语言的编译过程-⭐" aria-label="Permalink to "第七章：C 语言的编译过程（⭐）""></a></h1><h2 id="_7-1-概述" tabindex="-1">7.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_7-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to "7.1 概述""></a></h2><ul><li>C 程序的编译过程，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="'+Sa+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>过程 ① ：编写（编辑）源代码，即：编写 C 语言源程序代码，并以文件的形式存储在磁盘中。</li></ul><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><p>源程序需要以 <code>.c</code> 作为扩展名。</p></div><ul><li>过程 ② ：编译，即：将 C 语言源程序转换为<code>目标程序（或目标文件）</code>。如果程序没有错误，没有任何提示，就会生成一个扩展名为 <code>.obj</code>或 <code>.o</code> 的二进制文件。C 语言中的每条可执行语句经过编译之后，最终都会转换为二进制的机器指令。</li></ul><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><ul><li><p>① 其实，<code>编译阶段</code>包含了<code>预处理</code>、<code>编译</code>和<code>汇编</code>。</p></li><li><p>② <code>预处理</code>是编译过程的第一个阶段。在这个阶段，预处理器处理源代码中的指令（例如：<code>#include</code>、<code>#define</code>等），主要任务包括：</p><ul><li><p>头文件包含：将头文件的内容插入到源文件中。例如：<code>#include <stdio.h></code>会被替换为<code>stdio.h</code>文件的内容。</p></li><li><p>宏展开：替换宏定义。例如：<code>#define PI 3.14</code>会将代码中的<code>PI</code>替换为<code>3.14</code>。</p></li><li><p>条件编译：根据条件指令（如：<code>#ifdef</code>、<code>#ifndef</code>）有选择地编译代码。</p></li><li><p>删除代码中的注释，但是不会进行语法检查。</p></li><li><p>预处理完成后，生成一个扩展名为<code>.i</code>的中间文件。</p></li></ul></li><li><p>③ <code>编译</code>是将预处理后的源代码转换为汇编代码的过程。在这个阶段，编译器会检查代码的语法和语义，将其转换为目标机器的汇编语言，生成一个扩展名为<code>.s</code>的汇编文件。</p></li><li><p>④ <code>汇编</code>是将汇编代码转换为机器代码（也称为目标代码或目标文件）的过程。在这个阶段，汇编器将汇编指令转换为二进制机器指令，生成一个扩展名为<code>.o</code>或 <code>.obj</code>的目标文件。</p></li></ul></div><ul><li>过程 ③ ：链接（连接），即：将编译形成的目标文件 <code>*.obj</code> 或 <code>*.o</code>和库函数以及其他目录文件<code>链接</code>，形成一个统一的二进制文件 <code>*.exe</code>。</li></ul><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><ul><li>为什么需要链接库文件？</li><li>因为我们的 C 程序会使用 C 程序库<EFBFBD>
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2024-07-26 01:17:43 +02:00
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<span class="line"><span>networkingMode=mirrored</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span>dnsTunneling=true</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span>firewall=true</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span>autoProxy=true</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span></span></span>
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<span class="line"><span>[experimental]</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span># requires dnsTunneling but are also OPTIONAL</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span>bestEffortDnsParsing=true</span></span>
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2024-08-15 05:48:49 +02:00
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<span class="line"><span>useWindowsDnsCache=true</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><p><img src="`+Oa+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>在命令行中，执行如下的命令：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">wsl</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --shutdown</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+Ua+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>此时，再打开终端，就没有这种提示了：</li></ul><p><img src="'+Ra+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_8-2-clion-调试问题" tabindex="-1">8.2 CLion 调试问题 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-2-clion-调试问题" aria-label="Permalink to "8.2 CLion 调试问题""></a></h2><ul><li>在 CLion 中进行 run（运行）程序的时候，对于 <code>printf</code> 函数或 <code>scanf</code> 函数很正常，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="'+Na+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>但是，当我们 debug（调试） 的时候，对于 <code>printf</code> 函数或 <code>scanf</code> 函数会一直没有输出，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="'+Ia+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>原因是 <code>scanf</code> 函数并不是直接让用户从键盘输入数据，而是先检查缓冲区，处理缓冲区中的数据；当遇到 <code>scanf</code> 函数时，程序会先检查输入缓冲区中是否有数据，所以解决方案就是<code>禁用缓冲区</code>，如下所示：</li></ul><div class="language-c vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">c</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">#include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> <stdio.h></span></span>
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2024-08-01 02:32:54 +02:00
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<span class="line"></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> main</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> // 禁用 stdout 缓冲区</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> setbuf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(stdout, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">NULL</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
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<span class="line"></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> a, b, c;</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"请输入整数 a 、b 和 c 的值："</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> scanf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> %d</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> %d</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">&</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">a, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">&</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">b, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">&</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">c);</span></span>
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<span class="line"></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> result </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> a </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">*</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> b </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">*</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> c;</span></span>
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<span class="line"></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> × </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> × </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> = </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, a, b, c, result);</span></span>
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<span class="line"></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
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2024-08-15 05:48:49 +02:00
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br></div></div><ul><li>那么，就会达到我们想要的效果了，如下所示：</li></ul><p><img src="`+Va+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_8-3-内存泄露检测" tabindex="-1">8.3 内存泄露检测 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-3-内存泄露检测" aria-label="Permalink to "8.3 内存泄露检测""></a></h2><h3 id="_8-3-1-概述" tabindex="-1">8.3.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-3-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to "8.3.1 概述""></a></h3><ul><li>C 语言中的指针是否使用是个颇具争议的话题，现代化的高级编程语言通过各种策略和机制，在编译期就能解决指针危险的问题。但是，遗憾的是，C 语言的指针很大程度上，在运行期才会暴露问题。</li><li>幸运的是，我们可以使用 <code>Valgrind</code> 项目来进行<code>内存泄露检测</code>和<code>性能分析</code>，而 <code>Valgrind</code> 只支持 Linux 。</li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>win 11 中的 WSL2 就是个 Linux 环境，我们可以在上面跑各种 Linux 工具，这样我们就不需要再安装虚拟机软件了，如：VMware Workstation（它会完整的模拟一个硬件系统，并在上面跑各种 Linux ，实在是太笨重了）。</p></div><h3 id="_8-3-2-安装" tabindex="-1">8.3.2 安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-3-2-安装" aria-label="Permalink to "8.3.2 安装""></a></h3><ul><li>在 WSL2 上安装 Valgrind ：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">dnf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> upgrade</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> && </span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">dnf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> valgrind</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # AlmaLinux</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> update</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> && </span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> upgrade</span><span style="--shi
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2024-08-01 07:49:31 +02:00
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<span class="line"><span></span></span>
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<span class="line"><span># 项目名称和版本号</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span>project(c-study VERSION 1.0 LANGUAGES C)</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span></span></span>
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<span class="line"><span># 设置 C 标准</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span>set(CMAKE_C_STANDARD 23)</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span>set(CMAKE_C_STANDARD_REQUIRED True)</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span></span></span>
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<span class="line"><span># 辅助函数，用于递归查找所有源文件</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span>function(collect_sources result dir)</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span> file(GLOB_RECURSE new_sources "\${dir}/*.c")</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span> set(\${result} \${\${result}} \${new_sources} PARENT_SCOPE)</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span>endfunction()</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span></span></span>
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<span class="line"><span># 查找顶层 include 目录（如果存在）</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span>if (EXISTS "\${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/include")</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span> include_directories(\${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/include)</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span>endif ()</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span></span></span>
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<span class="line"><span># 查找所有源文件</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span>set(SOURCES)</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span>collect_sources(SOURCES \${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR})</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span></span></span>
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<span class="line"><span># 用于存储已经处理过的可执行文件名，防止重复</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span>set(EXECUTABLE_NAMES)</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span></span></span>
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<span class="line"><span># 创建可执行文件</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span>foreach (SOURCE \${SOURCES})</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span> # 获取文件的相对路径</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span> file(RELATIVE_PATH REL_PATH \${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR} \${SOURCE})</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span> # 将路径中的斜杠替换为下划线，生成唯一的可执行文件名</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span> string(REPLACE "/" "_" EXECUTABLE_NAME \${REL_PATH})</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span> string(REPLACE "\\\\" "_" EXECUTABLE_NAME \${EXECUTABLE_NAME})</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span> string(REPLACE "." "_" EXECUTABLE_NAME \${EXECUTABLE_NAME})</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span></span></span>
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<span class="line"><span> # 处理与 CMakeLists.txt 文件同名的问题</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span> if (\${EXECUTABLE_NAME} STREQUAL "CMakeLists_txt")</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span> set(EXECUTABLE_NAME "\${EXECUTABLE_NAME}_exec")</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span> endif ()</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span></span></span>
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<span class="line"><span> # 检查是否已经创建过同名的可执行文件</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span> if (NOT EXECUTABLE_NAME IN_LIST EXECUTABLE_NAMES)</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span> list(APPEND EXECUTABLE_NAMES \${EXECUTABLE_NAME})</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span></span></span>
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<span class="line"><span> # 创建可执行文件</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span> add_executable(\${EXECUTABLE_NAME} \${SOURCE})</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span></span></span>
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<span class="line"><span> # 查找源文件所在的目录，并添加为包含目录（头文件可能在同一目录下）</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span> get_filename_component(DIR \${SOURCE} DIRECTORY)</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span> target_include_directories(\${EXECUTABLE_NAME} PRIVATE \${DIR})</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span></span></span>
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<span class="line"><span> # 检查并添加子目录中的 include 目录（如果存在）</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span> if (EXISTS "\${DIR}/include")</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span> target_include_directories(\${EXECUTABLE_NAME} PRIVATE \${DIR}/include)</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span> endif ()</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span></span></span>
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<span class="line"><span> # 检查并添加 module 目录中的所有 C 文件（如果存在）</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span> if (EXISTS "\${DIR}/module")</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span> file(GLOB_RECURSE MODULE_SOURCES "\${DIR}/module/*.c")</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span> target_sources(\${EXECUTABLE_NAME} PRIVATE \${MODULE_SOURCES})</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span> endif ()</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span> endif ()</span></span>
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2024-08-15 07:26:13 +02:00
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<span class="line"><span>endforeach ()</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br></div></div><ul><li>在 CLion 中正常运行代码：</li></ul><p><img src="`+Qa+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>在 CLion 中通过 valgrind 运行代码：</li></ul><p><img src="'+Ya+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h2 id="_8-4-性能分析" tabindex="-1">8.4 性能分析 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-4-性能分析" aria-label="Permalink to "8.4 性能分析""></a></h2><h3 id="_8-4-1-概述" tabindex="-1">8.4.1 概述 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-4-1-概述" aria-label="Permalink to "8.4.1 概述""></a></h3><ul><li><code>perf</code> 是一个 Linux 下的性能分析工具，主要用于监控和分析系统性能。它可以帮助开发者和系统管理员了解系统中哪些部分在消耗资源、识别性能瓶颈以及分析程序的运行效率。</li></ul><h3 id="_8-4-2-安装" tabindex="-1">8.4.2 安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-4-2-安装" aria-label="Permalink to "8.4.2 安装""></a></h3><h4 id="_8-4-2-1-almalinux9" tabindex="-1">8.4.2.1 AlmaLinux9 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-4-2-1-almalinux9" aria-label="Permalink to "8.4.2.1 AlmaLinux9""></a></h4><ul><li>在 WSL2 中的 AlmaLinux 安装 perf ：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-li
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2024-08-15 05:48:49 +02:00
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> && </span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> linux-tools-common</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> linux-tools-generic</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> linux-tools-</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">$(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">uname</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -r</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><p><img src="`+Ja+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>之所以报错的原因，在于 WSL2 中的 Ubuntu 的内核是定制化的，并非 Ubuntu 的母公司 Canonical 发布的标准内核，所以需要我们手动编译安装。</p></div><ul><li>查看内核版本：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">uname</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -sr</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+Za+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>设置环境变量，方便后续引用：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">export</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> KERNEL_VERSION</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">$(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">uname</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -r</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> |</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> cut</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -d</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'-'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -f1</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+si+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>安装依赖库：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> update</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> && </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">\\</span></span>
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2024-08-01 07:49:31 +02:00
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> apt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> binutils-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> debuginfod</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> default-jdk</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> default-jre</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libaio-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> \\</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libbabeltrace-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libcap-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libdw-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libdwarf-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libelf-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libiberty-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> \\</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> liblzma-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libnuma-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libperl-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libpfm4-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libslang2-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libssl-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> \\</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libtraceevent-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libunwind-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libzstd-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libzstd1</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> python3-setuptools</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> python3</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> \\</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> python3-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> systemtap-sdt-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> zlib1g-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> bc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> dwarves</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> bison</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> flex</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libnewt-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libdwarf++0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> \\</span></span>
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2024-08-15 05:48:49 +02:00
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libelf++0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libbfb0-dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> python-dev-is-python3</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><p><img src="`+ai+`" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>下载源码：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">git</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> clone</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> \\</span></span>
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2024-08-01 07:49:31 +02:00
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --depth</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 1</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> \\</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --single-branch</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --branch=linux-msft-wsl-\${</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">KERNEL_VERSION</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> \\</span></span>
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2024-08-15 07:26:13 +02:00
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> https://github.com/microsoft/WSL2-Linux-Kernel.git</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><p><img src="`+ii+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>编译内核代码：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">cd</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> WSL2-Linux-Kernel</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">make</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -j</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> $(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">nproc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">KCONFIG_CONFIG=Microsoft/config-wsl</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+ni+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>编译 perf 工具：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">cd</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> tools/perf</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">make</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> clean</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> && </span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">make</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+li+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>复制到 PATH 变量所指向的路径中：</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">cp</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> perf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> /usr/bin/</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="'+ei+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><h3 id="_8-4-3-整合" tabindex="-1">8.4.3 整合 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-4-3-整合" aria-label="Permalink to "8.4.3 整合""></a></h3><ul><li>CLion 中配置 perf 的路径：</li></ul><p><img src="'+pi+'" alt="" loading="lazy"></p><ul><li>在 CLion 中通过 perf 运行代码：</li></
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