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import{_ as s,c as i,o as l,a6 as a}from"./chunks/framework.CZRoMP2i.js";const e="/c/assets/1.D4a42fT1.jpg",t="/c/assets/2.D2wnxl5F.png",n="/c/assets/3.Dq625oo9.jpg",o="/c/assets/4.uqu1DEK4.png",c="/c/assets/5.C6Q0Q8kf.jpg",d="/c/assets/6.B4Srsb-0.png",p="/c/assets/7._D_c8Lrn.png",r="/c/assets/8.DlIyFGDg.png",h="/c/assets/9.7zkUmpQw.png",u="/c/assets/10.h1ugtjyX.png",k="/c/assets/11.D5PWTabw.png",g="/c/assets/12.Bvs6QYjl.jpg",b="/c/assets/9.7zkUmpQw.png",m="/c/assets/14.CsR5exrN.png",E="/c/assets/15.BRG9GQdT.png",C="/c/assets/16.C2sciGZn.png",y="/c/assets/17.DdyXXyxJ.png",x="/c/assets/18.DIeb_KXW.png",A="/c/assets/19.C-kvMz2p.png",_="/c/assets/20.CQqFxmDa.png",v="/c/assets/21.CjMWyIiX.png",f="/c/assets/22.DFQhcDgs.png",P="/c/assets/23.Cco1vsW8.png",L=JSON.parse('{"title":"第一章:计算机组成原理","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"notes/01_c-basic/00_xdx/index.md","filePath":"notes/01_c-basic/00_xdx/index.md","lastUpdated":1723333707000}'),F={name:"notes/01_c-basic/00_xdx/index.md"},D=a('<h1 id="第一章-计算机组成原理" tabindex="-1">第一章:计算机组成原理 <a class="header-anchor" href="#第一章-计算机组成原理" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;第一章:计算机组成原理&quot;"></a></h1><h2 id="_1-1-计算机系统" tabindex="-1">1.1 计算机系统 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-1-计算机系统" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.1 计算机系统&quot;"></a></h2><ul><li>计算机Computer俗称<code>&quot;电脑&quot;</code>,是一种能够接收和存储信息,并按照存储在其内部的程序对海量的数据进行自动、高速的处理,然后将处理结果输出的现代化智能电子设备。</li><li>计算机有很多形式,如:台式电脑、笔记本电脑、智能手机、平板电脑等,还有生产环境中提供重要业务支撑的各种服务器。</li></ul><p><img src="'+e+'" alt=""></p><ul><li>一个完整的<code>计算机系统</code>由<code>硬件Hardware系统</code>和<code>软件Software系统</code>两大部分组成,即:</li></ul><p><img src="'+t+'" alt=""></p><h2 id="_1-2-冯·诺依曼体系结构" tabindex="-1">1.2 冯·诺依曼体系结构 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-冯·诺依曼体系结构" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.2 冯·诺依曼体系结构&quot;"></a></h2><ul><li><code>冯·诺依曼</code>是一位多才多艺的科学家,他在数学、物理学、计算机科学、经济学等领域都有杰出的贡献。</li></ul><p><img src="'+n+'" alt=""></p><ul><li><code>冯·诺依曼</code>的主要成就: <ul><li>在计算机科学领域的最著名贡献是提出了<code>冯·诺依曼</code>体系结构1946 年),这是<code>现代计算机设计的基础</code>。</li><li>促进了计算机的可编程性和通用性,使得计算机能够执行各种复杂的任务。</li><li>对核武器设计、自动化控制系统、人工智能等领域的发展产生了重要影响。</li><li>……</li></ul></li></ul><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><p><code>·</code><code></code></p></div><ul><li><p><code>·</code></p><ul><li><p> <strong></strong><code></code><code></code>使</p></li><li><p> <strong></strong><code></code><code></code><code></code></p></li><li><p> <strong></strong></p></li><li><p> <strong></strong><code></code><code></code><code></code><code></code><code></code></p></li><li><p> <strong></strong>
<span class="line"><span>1 毫秒 = 1000 微妙 1 ms = 1000 us </span></span>
<span class="line"><span>1 微妙 = 1000 纳秒 1 us = 1000 ns</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><ul><li></li></ul><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span> CPU 1 </span></span>
<span class="line"><span>那么内存访问就需要 6 分钟</span></span>
<span class="line"><span>那么固态硬盘就需要 2-6 </span></span>
<span class="line"><span>那么传统硬盘就需要 1-12 个月</span></span>
<span class="line"><span>那么网络访问就需要 4 年以上</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><ul><li> CPU </li><li><code></code>寿</li></ul><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span>寿</span></span>
<span class="line"><span> --- 出自 西汉淮南王刘安淮南子</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span> </span></span>
<span class="line"><span>挟飞仙以遨游抱明月而长终 知不可乎骤得托遗响于悲风</span></span>
<span class="line"><span> --- 出自 苏轼赤壁赋</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p><code></code><code></code></p></div><ul><li>CPU L1L2 L3</li></ul><p><img src="`+p+'" alt="img"></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p></p><ul><li> 便</li><li> /</li></ul><p>CPU CPU </p></div><h2 id="_1-4-" tabindex="-1">1.4 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.4 &quot;"></a></h2><h3 id="_1-4-1-" tabindex="-1">1.4.1 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-1-" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.4.1 &quot;"></a></h3><ul><li></li></ul><p><img src="'+r+'" alt=""></p><ul><li></li></ul><p><img src="'+h+'" alt=""></p><ul><li> <ul><li></li><li></li><li></li><li></li><li></li><li></li></ul></li></ul><ul><li> <ul><li></li><li>使 <ul><li><code></code><code></code></li><li><code></code><code></code><code></code></li><li><code></code>GUI<EFBFBD>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">import</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> java.nio.file.Files;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">import</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> java.nio.file.Path;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">import</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> java.nio.file.Paths;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">import</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> java.util.List;</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">public</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> class</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> Demo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> public</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> static</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> void</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> writeFile</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(String </span><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;">filePath</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, String </span><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;">content</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> Path path </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> Paths.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">get</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(filePath);</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> try</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> Files.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">write</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(path, content.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">getBytes</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> } </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">catch</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> (IOException </span><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;">e</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> e.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">printStackTrace</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> }</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> }</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> public</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> static</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> void</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> main</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">String</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">[] </span><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;">args</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">){</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> a </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 10</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">; </span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;">// </span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> b </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 20</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">; </span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;">// </span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> c </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> a </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">+</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> b; </span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;">// </span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> string filePath </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;c:/demo.txt&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">; </span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;">// </span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> string txt </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> a </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">+</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> b </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">+</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> c; </span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;">// </span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> writeFile</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(filePath, a); </span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;">// </span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> System.out.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">println</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(a); </span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;">// </span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> System.out.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">println</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(b); </span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;">// </span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> System.out.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">println</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(c); </span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;">// </span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> }</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br></div></div><h3 id="_1-4-3-isaabi--api" tabindex="-1">1.4.3 ISAABI API <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-4-3-isaabi--api" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.4.3 ISAABI API&quot;"></a></h3><ul><li>ISA ABI API </li></ul><p><img src="`+g+'" alt=""></p><ul><li> ISA ISA OS System ISA User ISA </li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li> ISA ISA 使访 ISAx86ARMMIPS </li><li> ISA 便 ARM ARM ISA </li></ul></div><ul><li> ABI <code></code><code></code><code></code>ABI ABI </li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><ul><li> ABI ABI </li><li> windows <code>PE</code>portable executable<code>.dll</code> dynamic link library <code>.lib</code> Linux <code>ELF</code>executable and linking format<code>.so</code> shared object <code>.a</code> </li><li> Linux <code>file /bin/ls</code> ABI Windows Linux </li><li> Linux <EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">int</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> main</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">() {</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> // </span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> printf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">);</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> // </span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> // 0</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><ul><li></li><li> CPU <code></code><code></code></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p></p></div><ul><li> Java Java Java </li><li> Python Python Python </li><li></li><li> <ul><li> <code></code></li><li> <code></code></li></ul></li></ul><h2 id="_2-3-" tabindex="-1">2.3 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-3-" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.3 &quot;"></a></h2><h3 id="_2-3-1--" tabindex="-1">2.3.1 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-3-1--" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.3.1 &quot;"></a></h3><ul><li>1946 2 14 <code>ENIAC</code> 使<code>穿</code></li></ul><p><img src="`+C+`" alt=""></p><ul><li>使<code></code><code></code></li></ul><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span>0000,0000,000000010000 LOAD A, 16</span></span>
<span class="line"><span>0000,0001,000000000001 代表 LOAD B, 1</span></span>
<span class="line"><span>0001,0001,000000010000 代表 STORE B, 16</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><ul><li><code></code> 99.9% </li></ul><div class="important custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">IMPORTANT</p><p></p><p>CPU x86_64arm ISA</p></div><h3 id="_2-3-2---" tabindex="-1">2.3.2 &amp; <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-3-2---" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.3.2 &amp;&quot;"></a></h3><ul><li><code></code>使<code></code>MOVADDSUB使<code></code><code></code></li></ul><p><img src="`+y+'" alt=""></p><ul><li><code></code><code></code><code></code><code></code></li></ul><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p></p></div><h3 id="_2-3-3--" tabindex="-1">2.3.3 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-3-3--" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.3.3 &quot;"></a></h3><ul><li><code></code><code>使</code><code>使</code><code>使</code></li></ul><p><img src="'+x+'" alt=""></p><ul><li><code></code>使<code></code><code></code></li></ul><p><img src="'+A+'" alt=""></p><div class="note custom-block github-alert"><p class="custom-block-title">NOTE</p><p></p><p>使CC++JavaPythonC#JavaScriptGoSQL </p></div><h3 id="_2-3-4-" tabindex="-1">2.3.4 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-3-4-" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.3.4 &quot;"></a></h3><ul><li></li></ul><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th style="text-align:left;"></th><th style="text-align:left;"></th><th style="text-align:left;"></th><th style="text-align:left;"></th><th style="text-align:left;"></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style="text-align:left;"><strong></strong></td><td style="text-align:left;"></td><td style="text-align:left;"></td><td style="text-align:left;"></td><td style="text-align:left;"></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;"><strong></strong></td><td style="text-align:left;"><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>